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1.
World J Hepatol ; 16(7): 1029-1038, 2024 Jul 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39086532

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune liver diseases (AiLD) encompass a variety of disorders that target either the liver cells (autoimmune hepatitis, AIH) or the bile ducts [(primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)]. These conditions can progress to chronic liver disease (CLD), which is characterized by fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent studies have indicated a rise in hospitalizations and associated costs for CLD in the US, but information regarding inpatient admissions specifically for AiLD remains limited. AIM: To examine the trends and mortality of inpatient hospitalization of AiLD from 2011 to 2017. METHODS: This study is a retrospective analysis utilizing the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) databases. All subjects admitted between 2011 and 2017 with a diagnosis of AiLD (AIH, PBC, PSC) were identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9) and ICD-10 codes. primary AiLD admission was defined if the first admission code was one of the AiLD codes. secondary AiLD admission was defined as having the AiLD diagnosis anywhere in the admission diagnosis (25 diagnoses). Subjects aged 21 years and older were included. The national estimates of hospitalization were derived using sample weights provided by NIS. χ 2 tests for categorical data were used. The primary trend characteristics were in-hospital mortality, hospital charges, and length of stay. RESULTS: From 2011 to 2017, hospitalization rates witnessed a significant decline, dropping from 83263 admissions to 74850 admissions (P < 0.05). The patients hospitalized were predominantly elderly (median 53% for age > 65), mostly female (median 59%) (P < 0.05), and primarily Caucasians (median 68%) (P < 0.05). Medicare was the major insurance (median 56%), followed by private payer (median 27%) (P < 0.05). The South was the top geographical distribution for these admissions (median 33%) (P < 0.05), with most admissions taking place in big teaching institutions (median 63%) (P < 0.05). Total charges for admissions rose from 66031 in 2011 to 78987 in 2017 (P < 0.05), while the inpatient mortality rate had a median of 4.9% (P < 0.05), rising from 4.67% in 2011 to 5.43% in 2017. The median length of stay remained relatively stable, changing from 6.94 days (SD = 0.07) in 2011 to 6.51 days (SD = 0.06) in 2017 (P < 0.05). Acute renal failure emerged as the most common risk factor associated with an increased death rate, affecting nearly 68% of patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: AiLD-inpatient hospitalization showed a decrease in overall trends over the studied years, however there is a significant increase in financial burden on healthcare with increasing in-hospital costs along with increase in mortality of hospitalized patient with AiLD.

2.
J Food Sci ; 2024 Jul 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39086065

ABSTRACT

The Mediterranean region is distinguished by its gastronomic diversity and a wide variety of indigenous nut crops. In line with changing global food consumers' preferences, a noteworthy aspect is the increasing demand to the use of local varieties in recipe formulation. The aim of the present study was to incorporate the Terra Fria chestnut (Portugal) and Negreta hazelnut from Reus (Spain) in traditional Mediterranean recipes. The sensory, technofunctional, nutritional, and shelf-life characterization were investigated in hazelnut omelette (gluten and gluten-free) and chestnut pudding (sugar and sugar-free) formulations. Results conducted by trained assessors using the free choice profiling (FCP) showed that hazelnut omelette samples were described as "creamy," "smooth," and "handmade." In addition, the texture obtained with the hazelnut omelette gluten-free version showed the softest textural profile analysis attributes, with lower values for hardness (2.43 ± 0.36 N), adhesiveness (-0.38 ± 0.00 g s) and gumminess (2.12 ± 0.14). Furthermore, the shelf-life studies revealed a more golden color (>14.43 of a* CIELAB coordinate) and a lower moisture content (25.36%-43.59%) in the hazelnut flour formulation, in addition to the enrichment in terms of protein (8.36 g/100 g), fiber, and healthy fats. In the case of chestnut pudding, it was observed that the study parameters did not differ significantly from its sweetened analogue with positive attributes in FCP ("toasted," "fluffy," and "sweet"), positioning it as a viable alternative to sugar in this application. Therefore, both hazelnut flour in hazelnut omelette and oligofructose in chestnut pudding proved to be promising ingredients in the formulation of gluten-free and sugar-free developed products, offering attractive organoleptic and textural characteristics.

3.
Tob Induc Dis ; 222024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39091891

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In this study we estimate the burden of esophageal cancer (EC) in China and globally from 1990 to 2021, with a forecast to 2035, using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data. We also analyze the related risk factors to investigate burden trends. METHODS: Mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), crude rates, and age-standardized rates of EC were analyzed in China and globally from 1990 to 2035, utilizing GBD open data as a secondary dataset analysis of GBD data. Temporal change trends of EC risk factors were analyzed from 1990 to 2021. Joinpoint regression determined average annual percentage change (AAPC) of age-standardized rates. Descriptive analysis compared mortality and DALYs by age groups. Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) predicted age-standardized mortality and DALYs rates for the next 14 years. RESULTS: The ASMR and ASDR fluctuations in EC were significant in China, showing an overall downward trend. Globally, although there was also a downward trend, the fluctuations were relatively mild. The number of deaths and DALYs related to EC in China and globally showed a significant upward trend. Age-specific burden trends in China for EC indicated that the age group with the peak number of EC deaths shifted to the 70-74 years age group in 2021, while DALYs peaked in the 65-69 years age group. The crude mortality rate (CMR) peaked consistently in 1990 and 2021, both within the 90-94 years age range, while the crude DALY rate (CDR) shifted to the 85-89 years age group. Overall, the burden of EC deaths and DALYs in the population aged <40 years was relatively low, increasing rapidly after the age of 40 years, reaching a peak and gradually declining, and reaching a lower level after the age of 85 years. The predictive results of the BAPC model indicated that over the next 14 years, both ASMR and ASDR for EC in China and globally would show a slight overall increase. The GBD 2021 study identified smoking, high alcohol use, chewing tobacco, and diet low in vegetables as the main risk factors affecting EC mortality rate and DALYs. Among these, smoking and alcohol use were the most significant risk factors, with a higher impact on EC in China compared to the global level. From 1990 to 2021, the overall changes in ASMR and ASDR indicate a decreasing trend in the impact of these four risk factors on EC mortality rate and DALYs. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of EC is expected to steadily increase in China and globally until 2035, posing a significant challenge. Targeted prevention and control policies, such as calling on people to quit smoking and reduce alcohol use, may help curb this upward trend.

4.
Rev Clin Esp (Barc) ; 2024 Jul 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39094786

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to estimate the overall and annual age-standardized incidence of pregnancy-related pulmonary embolism (PE) in Spain from 2016 to 2021, explore the distribution of PE events during pregnancy and the postpartum period, identify potential risk factors, and estimate mortality rates during hospital admission. METHODS: In a retrospective, observational, population-based study, data from the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database were analyzed to identify women with hospital episodes of pregnancy-related-PE. The primary outcome was the overall and annual age-standardized incidence of pregnancy-related-PE, with secondary aims including the distribution of events during pregnancy and postpartum and the calculation of age-standardized mortality rates during admission. RESULTS: Among 2,178,805 births from 2016-2021, 522 women were diagnosed with pregnancy-related PE, yielding an overall age-standardized incidence of 2.83 cases per 10,000 births. A non-significant increasing trend was observed from 2.43 to 4.18 cases per 10,000 births (p = 0.06). Comorbidities were low, with a notable association between PE and SARS-CoV-2 infection during the last two years. The mortality rate among women with pregnancy-related PE was 2.8%, with a higher incidence of PE reported during the postpartum period. CONCLUSION: The incidence of pregnancy-related-PE in Spain exhibits a non-significant increasing trend, with a significant risk of mortality. The association with SARS-CoV-2 infection underscores the importance of vigilant monitoring and management of pregnant women, particularly during pandemics. This study contributes specific data on the incidence and characteristics of pregnancy-related-PE in Spain, emphasizing the need to consider PE in the differential diagnosis and management strategies for pregnant and postpartum women.

5.
Ann Gen Psychiatry ; 23(1): 28, 2024 Aug 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39095916

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Even with advances in primary health care, depressive disorders remain a major global public health problem. We conducted an in-depth analysis of global, regional and national trends in depressive disorders incidence over the past 30 years. METHODS: Data on the incidence of depressive disorders were obtained by sex (female, male, and both), location (204 countries), age (5-84 years), year (1990-2019) from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. Further, age-period-cohort modeling was used to estimate the net drift, local drift, age, period and cohort effects between 1990 and 2019. RESULTS: In 2019, although the incidence of depressive disorders has increased by 59.3% to 290 million (95% UI: 256, 328), the age-standardized incidence rate has decreased by 2.35% to 3588.25 per 100,000 people (3152.71, 4060.42) compared to 1990. There was an emerging transition of incidences from the young and middle-aged population to the old population. From 1990 to 2019, the net drift of incidence rate ranged from -0.54% (-0.61%, -0.47%) in low-middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions to 0.52% (0.25%, 0.79%) in high SDI regions. Globally, the incidence rate of depressive disorders increases with age, period effects showing a decreasing risk and cohort effects beginning to decline after the 1960s. CONCLUSIONS: Our current findings reflect substantial health disparities and potential priority-setting of depressive disorders incidence in the three dimensions of age, period and cohort across SDI regions, countries. The scope of healthcare to improve the progression of depressive disorders events can be expanded to include males, females of all ages.

6.
Tumori ; : 3008916241261166, 2024 Aug 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39096014

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the trend of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence and mortality in China from 1990 to 2019, along with assessing the effects of age, period, and cohort, as well as to predict future trends. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 we calculated the estimated annual percentage changes in the incidence and mortality of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Age-period-cohort analysis was used to assess the independent effects of these elements. Incidence and mortality until 2030 were predicted using a Bayesian age-period-cohort approach. RESULTS: During 1990-2019, there was a significant increase in the age-standardized incidence and mortality rate in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Strong effects of birth cohort and period on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence and mortality were observed. In terms of prediction, future non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence and mortality in China will continue to increase, while the mortality rate will decrease; for women, both the rates are projected to rise, but they will remain lower than men. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma burden is high in China, and it is expected to continue increasing in the future. Policymakers need to prioritize addressing the factors contributing to sex differences in disease burden, including variations in environmental exposures and lifestyles among men and women.

7.
Environ Sci Technol ; 2024 Aug 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39096297

ABSTRACT

Fine-mode aerosol optical depth (fAOD) is a vital proxy for the concentration of anthropogenic aerosols in the atmosphere. Currently, the limited data length and high uncertainty of the satellite-based data diminish the applicability of fAOD for climate research. Here, we propose a novel pretrained deep learning framework that can extract information underlying each satellite pixel and use it to create new latent features that can be employed for improving retrieval accuracy in regions without in situ data. With the proposed model, we developed a new global fAOD (at 0.5 µm) data from 2001 to 2020, resulting in a 10% improvement in the overall correlation coefficient (R) during site-based independent validation and a 15% enhancement in non-AERONET site areas validation. Over the past two decades, there has been a noticeable downward trend in global fAOD (-1.39 × 10-3/year). Compared to the general deep-learning model, our method reduces the global trend's previously overestimated magnitude by 7% per year. China has experienced the most significant decline (-5.07 × 10-3/year), which is 3 times greater than the global trend. Conversely, India has shown a significant increase (7.86 × 10-4/year). This study bridges the gap between sparse in situ observations and abundant satellite measurements, thereby improving predictive models for global patterns of fAOD and other climate factors.

8.
BMC Nurs ; 23(1): 526, 2024 Aug 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39090606

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to review the literature on complementary and alternative therapies, utilizing text mining and trend analysis in nursing research. As CAM becomes increasingly prevalent in healthcare settings, a comprehensive understanding of the current research landscape is essential to guide evidence-based practice, inform clinical decision-making, and ultimately enhance patient outcomes. METHOD: This study aimed to identify CAM-related literature published from 2018 to 2023. Using the search terms 'complementary therap*', 'complementary medicine', 'alternative therap*', and 'alternative medicine', we performed a comprehensive search in eight databases, including EMBASE, Cochrane Central, PubMed Central, Korea Education and Research Information Service (RISS), Web of Science, KMbase, KISS, and CINAHL. From the text network and topic modeling analysis of 66,490 documents, 15 topics were identified. These topics were classified into two nursing-related topics through an academic classification process involving three doctors with doctoral degrees, three nurses, and three pharmacists. Based on the classified topics, research trends were comparatively analyzed by re-searching the database for 12 nursing and 22 non-nursing literature. RESULT: This study found that in nursing literature, yoga is used to improve mental symptoms such as stress and anxiety. In non-nursing literature, most of the experimental studies on complementary and alternative therapies were conducted in a randomized manner, confirming that a variety of physiological and objective indicators were used. Additionally, it was discovered that there were differences in the diversity of research subjects and research design methods for the same intervention method. Therefore, future research should focus on broadening the scope of subjects and measurement tools in nursing studies. Additionally, such studies should be conducted with randomization and generalizability in the experimental design in mind. CONCLUSION: This study employed text network analysis and text mining to identify domestic and international CAM research trends. Our novel approach combined big data-derived keywords with a systematic classification method, proposing a new methodological strategy for trend analysis. Future nursing research should focus on broadening the scope of subjects, diversifying measurement tools, and emphasizing randomization and generalizability in experimental designs.

9.
Cureus ; 16(6): e62934, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39050285

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis C is a global health burden with significant morbidity and mortality. It primarily affects the liver and causes acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Common modes of transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are blood transfusion, needlestick injury, and mother-fetus transmission, among which transmission, blood transfusion is one of the most important causes. Blood transfusion is one of the pillars in the management of patients that saves lives and improves morbidity. Blood donation in India is done by voluntary and replacement blood donors of both sexes. The aim of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of HCV among blood donors in the Jharkhand state, a tribal-preponderant region of India, and to see the trend over the years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a nine-year retrospective observational study from 2015 to 2023 that screened for anti-HCV antibodies (third-generation kit: Abbott Diagnostics) using the chemiluminescence technique. RESULTS: In this study, in total, 249,461 units of blood were collected, of which the majority of donations were by male and replacement donors (RDs) comprising 230,757 (92.50%) and 188,047 (75.38%), respectively. The mean number of blood donations by replacement and male donors (MDs) was more than for voluntary donors (VDs) and female donors (FDs) (20894.11 ± 3041.71 RDs vs. 6823.77 ± 2332.96 VDs, p < 0.0001 and 25639.66 ± 2810.08 MDs vs. 2078.22 ± 828.16 FD, p < 0.0001), respectively. The overall prevalence of HCV was 0.63%, and all seropositive donors were male. CONCLUSION: Replacement blood donation contributes to the major part of blood donation and is primarily done by males in this tribal population-dominant region of India. Seroprevalence of HCV is high in the population of this part of India, and there is a constant or slightly upward trend in hepatitis C infection among individuals.

10.
Heliyon ; 10(13): e33827, 2024 Jul 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39050433

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study aimed to explore the global and future research trends in acupuncture interventions for stroke between 2000 and 2022 using bibliometric analysis. Method: A bibliometric analysis of literature from 2000 to 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection was conducted in this study. The analysis utilized CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Scimago Graphica software to identify the major contributors to publications, including authors, countries, institutions, journals, references, and keywords. Results: The bibliometric analysis yielded a total of 860 publications. There was a gradual increase in the number of publications over the study period. China published the most articles. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine was the journal with the greatest number of publications. The most frequently used keywords were "acupuncture," "stroke," and "electroacupuncture." Conclusion: These analysis uncovers the research trends in acupuncture for stroke spanning 2000 to 2022 and points to prospective research frontiers. This study provides a deeper and more thorough understanding of the connotations of acupuncture for stroke and guidance and support for future research in this field.

11.
Heliyon ; 10(13): e33940, 2024 Jul 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39055843

ABSTRACT

Background: Research on intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) has recently gained attention. However, no bibliometric analysis was performed in the ICP research field. Therefore, the present study aimed to use bibliometric analysis to analyze the current research hotspots and identify global research status in ICP to reference for future research directions. Methods: We comprehensively searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database from its inception to December 31, 2023. Articles and reviews related to ICP were downloaded as plain text file records. We used the VOSviewer and Citespace to perform the bibliometric analysis and visualization. The main bibliometric features were tabulated and calculated. Results: A total of 1092 documents, including 921 original articles and 171 reviews, were identified in WoSCC. These publications were published in 395 journals by 4751 authors from 1250 institutions and 61 countries/regions. The global publication numbers exhibited a gradual upward trend. China, the United States, and the United Kingdom were top contributors to scientific research on ICP. King's College London, London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, and Sichuan University were the most productive institutions. Catherine Williamson had published the most papers and received the most total citations. The most productive journal was Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. The most cited paper was Beuers et al. in the Journal of Hepatology (2009). Citation burst terms showed that "risk factors" and "perinatal outcomes" were hotspots. "Inflammation", "risk factors", "perinatal outcomes", and "bile acid" have gained attention in more recent research. Conclusion: The present study comprehensively summarizes the global research status and research trends in ICP. Our study identifies hotspots, collaborative networks, and trends that will provide new insights and guidance for further research in the field.

12.
J Clin Epidemiol ; : 111472, 2024 Jul 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39047917

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Temporal trends in comparative meta-analyses of interventions are well-recognised in the medical literature. For studies of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA), evidence of temporal trends is growing and the importance of assessing and reporting them has been highlighted in recent guidelines on post-market surveillance in several jurisdictions. In this study we evaluate the prevalence and patterns of time trends using a larger and more up-to-date set of DTA systematic reviews than has previously been examined, from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Cumulative meta-analysis was conducted on bivariate random effects meta-analysis estimates of sensitivity and specificity, after ranking studies by publication date. Trends for all studies were assessed graphically using plots of summary estimates by study rank, and using ROC plots of sensitivity vs. specificity. Linear trends were also described using weighted linear regression with autocorrelated errors of summary estimates against study rank. Various patterns of non-linear trends were characterised descriptively. RESULTS: The analysis included 46 reviews (92 meta-analyses) conducted between 2017 and 2022. The total number of studies within all reviews was 1,486, with a median [IQR] 7,134 [2,782, 16,406] participants per review. Reviews had a median [IQR] time span of 19 [15,25] publication years. Time trends in at least one DTA measure were observed in 40 (87%) reviews, and statistically significant linear trends in 32 (71%) reviews. Non-linear time trends were observed in 16 (35%) reviews. There was no evidence for a trend in either DTA measure in 27 (59%) reviews. CONCLUSION: The study contributes evidence on the variety in patterns of linear and non-linear temporal DTA trends which has not previously been described. We recommended researchers check statistical assumptions of trend analysis methods, for example using graphical methods. Further research into potential reasons for time trends could contribute to the robustness of future meta-analyses.

13.
J Endocr Soc ; 8(8): bvae128, 2024 Jul 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39021418

ABSTRACT

Objective: To estimate decadal trends in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in economically developed regions in China and its association with city economic levels. Methods: Using a comprehensive Chinese healthcare database, repeated cross-sectional studies were conducted on adults who had annual health check-ups from 2012 to 2021 in 4 economically developed cities. MetS was defined by the criteria of the Chinese Diabetes Society in 2013. The crude prevalence of MetS adjusted for sex and age was reported. The association between prevalence, calendar year, and city gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was analyzed by regression model. Results: 158 274 participants aged 18 years and older were included. The unadjusted prevalence of MetS increased from 15.5% (95% CI: 14.2%-16.8%) to 20.0% (95% CI: 19.5%-20.5%) from 2012 to 2021. The adjusted overall prevalence has increased steadily from 12.8% to 20.8% after controlling age and sex (P < .001). Male and older age groups had a higher MetS prevalence. In the regression model of the association between the MetS prevalence, calendar year, and city GDP per capita, calendar year had a positive association with the prevalence (P < .001, 95% CI: 0.648-1.954) and city GDP per capita had a negative association (P = .030, 95% CI: -0.136 to -0.007). Conclusion: The MetS prevalence increased steadily in the economically developed regions in China among the health check-up population during 2012-2021. The MetS prevalence is shown to be negatively associated with GDP per capita in the study population.

14.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 16668, 2024 Jul 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39030246

ABSTRACT

A growing body of evidence indicates the emergence of overweight/obesity in developing countries before the battle against undernutrition has been won. We conducted this study to quantify the reduction of underweight and the emergence of overweight among Ethiopian women from 2000 to 2016 and evaluate factors explaining the progress. We used the four Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (2000-2016) to analyze body mass index (BMI) trends among women. Data from 43,815 non-pregnant, non-puerperal reproductive-age women was used to evaluate the linear change in BMI and changes in the percentage of overweight and underweight over time. Using multivariate decomposition analysis of change in underweight and overweight percentages, we identified sources of change in BMI in the past 16 years of the survey periods. The BMI of Ethiopian reproductive-age women increased by 0.88 kg/m2 from 2000 to 2016. The increment was pronounced in urban areas with 1.46 kg/m2. There has been a significant reduction in underweight women since 2000 (p-value < 0.001), and 87.62% of the changes were attributed to behavioral changes toward weight management. And there was a significant upswing in overweight women from 2000 to 2016 (p-value < 0.001) as well. A compositional change of factors including region, women's age, women's educational status, religion, type of place of residence, and use of contraceptives contributed to 57.51% of the observed increment in the percentage of overweight women. A relatively slow decrease in underweight and an increment in overweight have been observed. This progress can be disaggregated into persistent underweight in the rural and poorest, and swift development of overweight in the urban and richest communities. Targeted nutrition interventions for both underweight and overweight women are mandatory. Nutritional interventions in Ethiopia should focus on behavioral change to reduce hunger and malnutrition as well as to avert the emergence of overweight or obesity in the affected communities.


Subject(s)
Body Mass Index , Overweight , Rural Population , Thinness , Urban Population , Humans , Female , Ethiopia/epidemiology , Adult , Thinness/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Adolescent , Multivariate Analysis , Health Surveys , Obesity/epidemiology
15.
Cancer ; 2024 Jul 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38985895

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration approved nivolumab as the first immunotherapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, population-based survival benefit studies after the introduction of immunotherapy in lung cancer are lacking. This study examined overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival in patients with NSCLC in the pre immunotherapy and immunotherapy eras. METHODS: This study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, which spanned 17 registries from 2000 to 2020. Two cohorts were delineated: preimmunotherapy (2010-2014) and immunotherapy (2015-2020), which coincided with nivolumab's approval. RESULTS: This study included 191,802 patients, 90,807 in the preimmunotherapy era and 100,995 in the immunotherapy era. OS was significantly higher in the immunotherapy era, as shown by Kaplan-Meier curves (1-year OS, 40.1% vs. 33.5%; 3-year OS, 17.8% vs. 11.7%; 5-year OS, 10.7% vs. 6.8%; median OS, 8 vs. 7 months; p < .001 by log-rank test). Similarly, cancer-specific survival improved in the immunotherapy era (1-year survival, 44.0% vs. 36.8%; 3-year survival, 21.7% vs. 14.4%; 5-year survival, 14.3% vs. 9.0%; median OS, 10 vs. 8 months; p < .001 by log-rank test). Survival rates were significantly better in the immunotherapy era, as confirmed by multivariate analysis with a Cox proportional hazards model after adjusting for age, sex, race, income, and geographical area (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.830; 95% CI, 0.821-0.840; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the survival rate of patients with metastatic NSCLC has improved since the introduction of immunotherapy.

16.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(7): 3973-3982, 2024 Jul 08.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39022945

ABSTRACT

Groundwater pollution early warning is an effective means for regional groundwater pollution prevention. The groundwater pollution early warning model coupled with the current situation of groundwater quality, groundwater quality variation trend, and groundwater pollution risk were applied to the plain area of Barkol-Yiwu Basin, and the regional scale groundwater pollution early warning was realized by combining the early warning of groundwater quality status and trend. The TOPSIS method based on comprehensive weight was used to evaluate the current situation of groundwater quality. The variation trend of groundwater quality was analyzed by calculating the trend interpolation results of 18 in-situ groundwater quality monitoring wells. The groundwater vulnerability map, groundwater pollution load map, and groundwater function value map were superimposed using the superposition index method to evaluate groundwater pollution risk. The results showed that the groundwater quality was good and relatively good, and the poor groundwater quality in some areas was mainly affected by the shallow groundwater depth and the large porosity of the vadose zone. Groundwater quality was stable from 2011 to 2022, mainly due to the leakage of wastewater generated by industries and agriculture into groundwater, resulting in the deterioration of groundwater quality in some areas. Groundwater pollution risk was generally low, and the dual effects of high vulnerability and high pollution load of groundwater led to local areas with high pollution risk. The early warning level of groundwater pollution was generally low, and the heavy and highly heavy warning areas accounted for 16.4% and 17.5% of the study area, respectively, mainly distributed in Xiamaya Township of Yiwu County and northern Santanghu Town, Dahongliuxia Township, and Dahe Town of Barkol County. The quaternary sediments exposed were mainly sandy pebbles, with developed pores and strong water permeability. The interception and adsorption capacity of pollutants were weak. Pollutants produced by industries, agriculture, and life easily leaked into groundwater aquifers, resulting in poor groundwater quality and high risk of groundwater pollution, which ultimately led to a high early warning level of groundwater pollution in some areas. The research on early warning of groundwater pollution provided an important theoretical basis for the development of groundwater pollution remediation.

17.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(7): 4122-4136, 2024 Jul 08.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39022960

ABSTRACT

Assessment and monitoring of the quality of the ecological environment in the area is a very important fundamental task in the development of ecological civilization in the Xiaojiang River Basin in Yunnan Province, which serves as a demonstration area for ecological restoration in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The Landsat remote sensing images from 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014, 2018, and 2022 were chosen, and the four indexes of greenness (NDMVI), humidity (WET), dryness (NDBSI), and heat (LST) were extracted. The remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) was created using the principal component analysis method, then the spatial and temporal patterns and trends of ecological quality in the Xiaojiang River Basin between 1990 and 2022 were examined using the GEE platform, ArcGIS 10.7 platform, and Python platform, combining the analysis methods of geographic information mapping, coefficient of variation, Mann-Kendall trend test, Sen's slope estimation, and Hurst's index. The findings demonstrated that: ① the ecological quality of the study area had more obvious geographic differentiation spatially, and by 2022, the areas with excellent and good ecological quality grades were primarily distributed in the areas with better alpine vegetation cover, and those with poor ecological quality were primarily distributed in the areas of the mudslide ravines with relatively low terrain. On a time scale, the study area's RSEI index increased from 0.41 in 1990 to 0.55 in 2022, with a fluctuating overall trend of ecological quality improvement and an average increase of 0.048(10 a) -1; this progress was directly related to a number of ecological construction initiatives that have been energetically carried out, such as converting farms to forests, preventing mudslides, saving soil and water, managing heavy metal contamination, etc. ② The RSEI was more appropriate for the evaluation of ecological quality in alpine ravine areas because, in comparison to the NDVI index, the NDVMI adopted in this study was more sensitive to vegetation information in topographic undulation areas, especially in shaded areas, and could more accurately and quantitatively describe the vegetation information. ③ The RSEI in the Xiaojiang River Basin had a mean coefficient of variation of 0.202. Overall, its volatility was low, and its high volatility was mostly concentrated in the mudslide gully area along both sides of the Xiaojiang River fracture zone, where the surface was made up of bare rocks and sediment that was easily impacted by the changing of the seasons, the climate, and human activity. ④ The quality of the ecological environment in the region was significantly improving, with the rising area reaching 85.72% of the total area and the declining area accounting for approximately 10.15% of the total area. The future trend of change will be dominated by ongoing improvement and future degradation, accounting for 44.75% and 39.97%, respectively. It is important to pay close attention to areas that could potentially degrade. The findings of this study can serve as a theoretical foundation for additional ecological environmental conservation, management, and sustainable development in the Xiaojiang River Basin.

18.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 1852, 2024 Jul 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38992625

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The growing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in younger populations, particularly those of working age (15-64 years), has become a public health concern. Being diagnosed at a younger age implies a greater likelihood of accruing disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) later in life due to potential progression to conditions such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aims to analyze NAFLD prevalence trends over three decades globally, regionally, and nationally, with a focus on age, period, and birth cohort associations. METHODS: Global, regional, and country time trends in the prevalence of NAFLD among working-age people from 1990 to 2019: Age-period-cohort analysis based on Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 estimates and 95% uncertainty interval (UI) of NAFLD prevalence in the working age population was extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study 2019. Age-period-cohort models were used to estimate the prevalence within each age group from 1990 to 2019 (local drift, % per year), fitted longitudinal age-specific rates adjusted for period bias (age effect), and period/cohort relative risk (period/cohort effect). RESULTS: The global age-standardized prevalence (ASPR) of NAFLD increased significantly from 1990 (14,477.6 per 100 000) to 2019 (19,837.6 per 100 000). In the Western Pacific, there were 42,903.8 NAFLD cases in 2019, 54.15% higher than in 1990. The ASPR also increased significantly in the region over the past three decades. At the national level, Palau had the highest ASPR while Brunei Darussalam had the lowest. Age-period-cohort analysis showed that in the Western Pacific, unlike globally, the risk of NAFLD declined after age 60-64 years. Relative to 1980-1989, incidence and DALY risks decreased but prevalence increased in subsequent birth cohorts. Future predictions indicate an upward trend in NAFLD burden, especially among women and medium (SDI) regions like China. CONCLUSION: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease imparts an immense health burden that continues to grow globally and in the Asia Pacific region. Our work highlights working age adults as an at-risk group and calls attention to socioeconomic gradients within Western Pacific countries. Upward future projections demonstrate that NAFLD prevention is an urgent priority.


Subject(s)
Global Burden of Disease , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Humans , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Adult , Global Burden of Disease/trends , Female , Male , Young Adult , Adolescent , Prevalence , Cohort Studies , Risk Factors , Disability-Adjusted Life Years
19.
Int J Public Health ; 69: 1607104, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38993179

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This study used repeated cross-sectional data from three national surveys in Vietnam to determine tobacco smoking prevalence from 2010 to 2020 and disparities among demographic and socioeconomic groups. Methods: Tobacco smoking temporal trends were estimated for individuals aged 15 and over and stratified by demographic and socioeconomic status (SES). Prevalence estimates used survey weights and 95% confidence intervals. Logistic regression models adjusted for survey sample characteristics across time were used to examine trends. Results: Tobacco smoking prevalence dropped from 23.8% in 2010 to 22.5% in 2015 and 20.8% in 2020. The adjusted OR for 2015 compared to 2010 was 0.87, and for 2020 compared to 2010 was 0.69. Smoking decreased less for employed individuals than unemployed individuals in 2020 compared to 2010. Smoking was higher in the lower SES group in all 3 years. Higher-SES households have seen a decade-long drop in tobacco use. Conclusion: This prevalence remained constant in lower SES households. This highlights the need for targeted interventions to address the specific challenges faced by lower-SES smokers and emphasizes the importance of further research to inform effective policies.


Subject(s)
Tobacco Smoking , Humans , Vietnam/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Male , Female , Adult , Prevalence , Middle Aged , Adolescent , Young Adult , Tobacco Smoking/epidemiology , Tobacco Smoking/trends , Aged , Socioeconomic Factors , Social Class
20.
Front Public Health ; 12: 1381204, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38993698

ABSTRACT

Objective: Exploring the Incidence, Epidemic Trends, and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Sporadic Hepatitis E in Hainan Province from 2013 to 2022 through four major tertiary hospitals in the Province. Methods: We collected data on confirmed cases of hepatitis E in Hainan residents admitted to the four major tertiary hospitals in Haikou City from January 2013 to December 2022. We used SPSS software to analyze the correlation between incidence rate and economy, population density and geographical location, and origin software to draw a scatter chart and SAS 9.4 software to conduct a descriptive analysis of the time trend. The distribution was analyzed using ArcMap 10.8 software (spatial autocorrelation analysis, hotspot identification, concentration, and dispersion trend analysis). SAS software was used to build an autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) to predict the monthly number of cases in 2023 and 2024. Results: From 2013 to 2022, 1,922 patients with sporadic hepatitis E were treated in the four hospitals of Hainan Province. The highest proportion of patients (n = 555, 28.88%) were aged 50-59 years. The annual incidence of hepatitis E increased from 2013 to 2019, with a slight decrease in 2020 and 2021 and an increase in 2022. The highest number of cases was reported in Haikou, followed by Dongfang and Danzhou. We found that there was a correlation between the economy, population density, latitude, and the number of cases, with the correlation coefficient |r| value fluctuating between 0.403 and 0.421, indicating a linear correlation. At the same time, a scatter plot shows the correlation between population density and incidence from 2013 to 2022, with r2 values fluctuating between 0.5405 and 0.7116, indicating a linear correlation. Global Moran's I, calculated through spatial autocorrelation analysis, showed that each year from 2013 to 2022 all had a Moran's I value >0, indicating positive spatial autocorrelation (p < 0.01). Local Moran's I analysis revealed that from 2013 to 2022, local hotspots were mainly concentrated in the northern part of Hainan Province, with Haikou, Wenchang, Ding'an, and Chengmai being frequent hotspot regions, whereas Baoting, Qiongzhong, and Ledong were frequent cold-spot regions. Concentration and dispersion analysis indicated a clear directional pattern in the average density distribution, moving from northeast to southwest. Time-series forecast modeling showed that the forecast number of newly reported cases per month remained relatively stable in 2023 and 2024, fluctuating between 17 and 19. Conclusion: The overall incidence of hepatitis E in Hainan Province remains relatively stable. The incidence of hepatitis E in Hainan Province increased from 2013 to 2019, with a higher clustering of cases in the northeast region and a gradual spread toward the southwest over time. The ARIMA model predicted a relatively stable number of new cases each month in 2023 and 2024.


Subject(s)
Hepatitis E , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , Humans , China/epidemiology , Incidence , Middle Aged , Hepatitis E/epidemiology , Adult , Female , Male , Aged , Tertiary Care Centers/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent
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