Manejo das principais anormalidades gestacionais em éguas / Management of the main gestational abnormalities in mares

A produção de potros é o objetivo final de todas as atividades voltadas para a reprodução equina. Para tanto, o diagnóstico de anormalidades gestacionais deve ser realizado precocemente para que a instalação da terapêutica adequada seja garantida, visando manter a sobrevivência da égua e o nascimento de indivíduos vivos e saudáveis. Aqui encontram-se descritos os principais achados relacionados às anormalidades gestacionais de éguas mais frequentemente encontradas em atendimentos realizados a campo e nas rotinas hospitalares. São elas: gestação gemelar, placentite, separação prematura da placenta, torção uterina, hidropsias e ruptura de tendão pré-púbico. O objetivo é caracterizar os sinais clínicos, métodos diagnósticos, tratamento e prognóstico dessas enfermidades. A compreensão desses aspectos é essencial para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção e gestão das intercorrências obstétricas, visando reduzir seu impacto na criação de equinos.(AU)

The primary objective of equine reproduction is to produce healthy foals. To achieve this, it is crucial to diagnose gestational abnormalities at an early stage and administer appropriate therapy. This will increase the chances of survival for the mare and the birth of live foals. Here we outlines the most frequently observed gestational abnormalities in mares during field visits and hospital routines. The following abnormalities discussed are: twin pregnancy, placenta problems, premature separation of the placenta, uterine torsion, hydrops, and rupture of the prepubic tendon. The objective is to characterize the clinical signs, diagnostic methods, treatment, and prognosis for each of these conditions. It is essential to understand these aspects of gestational abnormalities to develop effective prevention and management strategies for obstetric complications. aiming to reduce their impact on equine breeding.(AU)

Torsión uterina causada por miomatosis: reporte de un caso / Uterine torsion caused by myomatosis: A case report

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La torsión uterina es una rotación del útero sobre su eje mayor de más de 45°; por lo general sucede en torno del istmo uterino. Los leiomiomas son el factor predisponente más frecuente en úteros no grávidos. OBJETIVO: Reportar el caso de una paciente con torsión uterina cervical y miomatosis de grandes elementos. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 42 años, nuligesta, con antecedente de miomatosis uterina de grandes elementos de 27 x 27 cm. Los síntomas se iniciaron con síndrome doloroso abdominal intenso, tipo cólico, localizado en el hipogastrio y la fosa iliaca. En la exploración física el abdomen se percibió doloroso a la palpación superficial y profunda, con una tumoración cercana a la cicatriz umbilical (25 cm), móvil y dolorosa. En la laparotomía exploradora se encontró líquido peritoneal hemorrágico y se observó una torsión uterina (una vuelta) cerca del cuello del útero, además de un mioma subseroso en la cara posterior, de 27 x 27 cm. El útero, los anexos y las salpinges se advirtieron con datos francos de daño vascular, con áreas de isquemia. Por lo anterior se decidieron la histerectomía total abdominal y la salpingooforectomia bilateral. El informe histopatológico reportó: útero con cambio isquémico extenso panmural, sin evidencia de neoplasia maligna. CONCLUSIONES: El dolor abdominal es el síntoma más común de la torsión uterina que puede variar de leve a agudo. El diagnóstico preoperatorio rápido y preciso de torsión uterina es decisivo y se justifica la intervención quirúrgica de urgencia.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Uterine torsion is a rare entity that is defined as a rotation of the uterus on its major axis of more than 45°, generally occurring at the level of the uterine isthmus. Leiomyomas are the most frequent predisposing factor in non-gravid uterus. OBJECTIVE: Report of a case of a gynecological patient with uterine torsion at the cervical level in a uterus with uterine myomatosis of large elements. CLINICAL CASE: A 42-year-old patient, nulliparous, with a history of uterine myomatosis with large elements of 27 x 27 cm. The symptoms began with intense abdominal pain syndrome, colic type, located in the hypogastrium and the iliac fossa. On physical examination, the abdomen was perceived as painful on superficial and deep palpation, with a mobile and painful tumor close to the umbilical scar (25 cm). In the exploratory laparotomy, hemorrhagic peritoneal fluid was found and a uterine torsion (one turn) was observed near the cervix, as well as a subserous myoma on the posterior face, measuring 27 x 27 cm. The uterus, the annexes and the salpinges were noted with frank data of vascular damage, with areas of ischemia. Therefore, total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were decided. The histopathological report reported: uterus with extensive panmural ischemic change, without evidence of malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: In uterine torsion, abdominal pain is the most common symptom and can range from mild to severe abdominal symptoms. Therefore, a prompt and accurate preoperative diagnosis of uterine torsion is crucial and urgent surgical intervention is warranted.

Torção uterina associada à piometra aberta em cadela / Uterine torsion associated with open pyometra in a bitch

Background: Pyometra or pyometritis is a serious and common condition of intact female dogs characterized by the inflammation of the uterus with a buildup of purulent exudate. It may be classified as open or closed. If untreated, pyometracan lead to uterine rupture and sepsis. Pyometra may also predispose to uterine torsion, defined as a rotation of one orboth uterine horns around its longitudinal axis. Uterine torsion in female dogs is rare, and usually with late pregnancy orparturition. This case report describes the clinical presentation and therapeutic management of uterine torsion correlatedwith open pyometra in a non-gravid bitch with no history of exogenous progesterone exposure.Case: A 10-year-old intact Yorkshire Terrier bitch weighing 3.2 kg was referred to a veterinary clinic in Porto Alegre,Brazil, with a 7 day history of prostration, anorexia, polydipsia, and sanguinopurulent vulvar discharge. Physical examination revealed pronounced abdominal tenderness. On abdominal ultrasonography, the uterus was enlarged and filled withcellular anechoic content, suggestive of pyometra. A complete blood count showed mild microcytic normochromic anemiaand leukocytosis. The animal was stabilized and an urgent ovariohysterectomy was performed. Preanesthetic analgesiaconsisted of subcutaneous methadone 0.3 mg/kg. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 3 mg/kg i.v. and maintained withinhaled isoflurane. During the procedure, significant enlargement of the left uterine horn and slight enlargement of theright uterine horn were observed. In addition, a torsion was identified near the left ovary, with copious sanguinopurulentsecretion. The animal remained under observation and fluid therapy for 48 h after the procedure and was discharged topostoperative follow-up. After discharge, the following treatment was medicine, local cleaning and rest for 14 days. Concluding...(AU)

Torção uterina associada à piometra aberta em cadela / Uterine torsion associated with open pyometra in a bitch

Background: Pyometra or pyometritis is a serious and common condition of intact female dogs characterized by the inflammation of the uterus with a buildup of purulent exudate. It may be classified as open or closed. If untreated, pyometracan lead to uterine rupture and sepsis. Pyometra may also predispose to uterine torsion, defined as a rotation of one orboth uterine horns around its longitudinal axis. Uterine torsion in female dogs is rare, and usually with late pregnancy orparturition. This case report describes the clinical presentation and therapeutic management of uterine torsion correlatedwith open pyometra in a non-gravid bitch with no history of exogenous progesterone exposure.Case: A 10-year-old intact Yorkshire Terrier bitch weighing 3.2 kg was referred to a veterinary clinic in Porto Alegre,Brazil, with a 7 day history of prostration, anorexia, polydipsia, and sanguinopurulent vulvar discharge. Physical examination revealed pronounced abdominal tenderness. On abdominal ultrasonography, the uterus was enlarged and filled withcellular anechoic content, suggestive of pyometra. A complete blood count showed mild microcytic normochromic anemiaand leukocytosis. The animal was stabilized and an urgent ovariohysterectomy was performed. Preanesthetic analgesiaconsisted of subcutaneous methadone 0.3 mg/kg. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 3 mg/kg i.v. and maintained withinhaled isoflurane. During the procedure, significant enlargement of the left uterine horn and slight enlargement of theright uterine horn were observed. In addition, a torsion was identified near the left ovary, with copious sanguinopurulentsecretion. The animal remained under observation and fluid therapy for 48 h after the procedure and was discharged topostoperative follow-up. After discharge, the following treatment was medicine, local cleaning and rest for 14 days. Concluding...

Uterine torsion with a 1080º rotation in a queen with closed-cervix pyometra / Torção uterina de 1080º de rotação em gata com piometra fechada

Background: Uterine torsion is a rotation of one or both uterine horns around its longitudinal axis, associated to vascular compromise that may lead to necrosis and both metabolic and hematological disorders, rarely reported in cats. The etiology has not been established and it has most frequently been associated to pregnancy, although its occurrence in non-pregnant animals in association with uterine diseases (e.g. pyometra, mucometra and hematometra) has been reported. The aim of this work is to report a case of 1080 uterine horn torsion in a cat with closed-cervix pyometra. Case: A five-year-old, weighing 4.2 kg, female queen was referred to the Ambulatório de Pequenos Animais do Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária in the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP with a three-day history of an evident abdominal distension, anorexia, polydipsia and lethargy. The owner reported that the queen had delivered a litter of kittens three years ago and, since then, medroxyprogesterone acetate has been administrated in order to inhibit the oestrus cycles. Physical examination revealed pale mucous membranes, dehydration, cachexy, abdominal distension with no vaginal discharge and a large uterus with irregularities, detected by abdominal palpation. Hematological examination revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia [...](AU)

Uterine torsion with a 1080º rotation in a queen with closed-cervix pyometra / Torção uterina de 1080º de rotação em gata com piometra fechada

Background: Uterine torsion is a rotation of one or both uterine horns around its longitudinal axis, associated to vascular compromise that may lead to necrosis and both metabolic and hematological disorders, rarely reported in cats. The etiology has not been established and it has most frequently been associated to pregnancy, although its occurrence in non-pregnant animals in association with uterine diseases (e.g. pyometra, mucometra and hematometra) has been reported. The aim of this work is to report a case of 1080 uterine horn torsion in a cat with closed-cervix pyometra. Case: A five-year-old, weighing 4.2 kg, female queen was referred to the Ambulatório de Pequenos Animais do Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária in the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP with a three-day history of an evident abdominal distension, anorexia, polydipsia and lethargy. The owner reported that the queen had delivered a litter of kittens three years ago and, since then, medroxyprogesterone acetate has been administrated in order to inhibit the oestrus cycles. Physical examination revealed pale mucous membranes, dehydration, cachexy, abdominal distension with no vaginal discharge and a large uterus with irregularities, detected by abdominal palpation. Hematological examination revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia [...]

Torção uterina em égua: relato de caso / e report / Torción uterina en la yegua: reporte de caso

A torção do útero em equinos apesar de pouco frequente, predispõe a sérias complicações. Sinais de dor abdominal são comuns e podem ser confundidos com obstrução do trato gastrointestinal e devido ao risco de óbito para a mãe e o feto é fundamental o atendimento imediato. O presente trabalho relata o caso de uma égua encaminhada ao Hospital Veterinário da UENF com sinais de dor abdominal intensa. Após palpação retal,ultrassonografia e vaginoscopia, suspeitou-se de torção de uterina. Decidiu-se pela cirurgia cesariana. No procedimento cirúrgico confirmou-se a torção uterina, retirando-se o feto e corrigindo a torção. Após o reposicionamento do útero, a cavidade abdominal foi explorada e nenhuma alteração gastrointestinal concomitante foi encontrada. A égua apresentou plena recuperação no pós-operatório, entretanto o feto veio a óbito três dias após a cirurgia.(AU)

The uterine torsion in horses, although uncommon, predisposes to serious complications. Signs ofabdominal pain are common and can be confused with obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract. Due to the risk ofdeath for the mother and the fetus, immediate veterinary care is fundamental. This paper reports the case of amare sent to the Veterinary Hospital of UENF with signs of severe abdominal pain. After rectal palpation, ultrasoundand vaginoscopy examination, it was suspected uterine torsion. It was decided by cesarean section. During thesurgical procedure, uterine torsion was confirmed, the fetus removed and the torsion corrected. After repositioningof the uterus, the abdominal cavity was exploited and no concurrent gastrointestinal disorder was found. Themare had full recovery after surgery, however, the foal came to death three days after the surgery.(AU)

La torsión en los caballos aunque rara, predispone a complicaciones graves. Las seáales de dolorabdominal son comunes y pueden ser confundidas con obstrucción dei tracto gastrointestinal. Debido ai riesgode muerte para Ia madre y para el feto, una atención inmediata es necesária. Em este trabajo se comunica el caso de una yegua enviada ai Hospital Veterinario de Ia UENF con senales de dolor abdominal severo. Después dehacer Ia palpación rectal, Ia ecografía y Ia vaginoscopia se sospechó de presencia de torsión uterina. Se decidió hacer cesárea. EI procedimiento quirúrgico confirmó que habia torsión uterina, el feto se extrajo y Ia torsiónuterina fue corrigida. Después de reposicionamiento dei útero, Ia cavidad abdominal fue revisada y no se encontró ningún problema gastrointestinal asociado. La yegua presentó recuperación completa después de Ia cirugiato davia el feto murió tres dias después de Ia cirugia.(AU)

Torção uterina em égua: relato de caso / e report / Torción uterina en la yegua: reporte de caso

A torção do útero em equinos apesar de pouco frequente, predispõe a sérias complicações. Sinais de dor abdominal são comuns e podem ser confundidos com obstrução do trato gastrointestinal e devido ao risco de óbito para a mãe e o feto é fundamental o atendimento imediato. O presente trabalho relata o caso de uma égua encaminhada ao Hospital Veterinário da UENF com sinais de dor abdominal intensa. Após palpação retal,ultrassonografia e vaginoscopia, suspeitou-se de torção de uterina. Decidiu-se pela cirurgia cesariana. No procedimento cirúrgico confirmou-se a torção uterina, retirando-se o feto e corrigindo a torção. Após o reposicionamento do útero, a cavidade abdominal foi explorada e nenhuma alteração gastrointestinal concomitante foi encontrada. A égua apresentou plena recuperação no pós-operatório, entretanto o feto veio a óbito três dias após a cirurgia.

The uterine torsion in horses, although uncommon, predisposes to serious complications. Signs ofabdominal pain are common and can be confused with obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract. Due to the risk ofdeath for the mother and the fetus, immediate veterinary care is fundamental. This paper reports the case of amare sent to the Veterinary Hospital of UENF with signs of severe abdominal pain. After rectal palpation, ultrasoundand vaginoscopy examination, it was suspected uterine torsion. It was decided by cesarean section. During thesurgical procedure, uterine torsion was confirmed, the fetus removed and the torsion corrected. After repositioningof the uterus, the abdominal cavity was exploited and no concurrent gastrointestinal disorder was found. Themare had full recovery after surgery, however, the foal came to death three days after the surgery.

La torsión en los caballos aunque rara, predispone a complicaciones graves. Las seáales de dolorabdominal son comunes y pueden ser confundidas con obstrucción dei tracto gastrointestinal. Debido ai riesgode muerte para Ia madre y para el feto, una atención inmediata es necesária. Em este trabajo se comunica el caso de una yegua enviada ai Hospital Veterinario de Ia UENF con senales de dolor abdominal severo. Después dehacer Ia palpación rectal, Ia ecografía y Ia vaginoscopia se sospechó de presencia de torsión uterina. Se decidió hacer cesárea. EI procedimiento quirúrgico confirmó que habia torsión uterina, el feto se extrajo y Ia torsiónuterina fue corrigida. Después de reposicionamiento dei útero, Ia cavidad abdominal fue revisada y no se encontró ningún problema gastrointestinal asociado. La yegua presentó recuperación completa después de Ia cirugiato davia el feto murió tres dias después de Ia cirugia.