Rational design of amorphous vanadium pentoxide and hollow porous carbon spheres hybrid for superior zinc-ion battery.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are expected to be a promising large-scale energy storage system owing to their intrinsic safety and low cost. Nevertheless, the development of AZIBs is still plagued by the design and fabrication of advanced cathode materials. Herein, the amorphous vanadium pentoxide and hollow porous carbon spheres (AVO-HPCS) hybrid is elaborately designed as AZIBs cathode material by integrating vacuum drying and annealing strategy. Amorphous vanadium pentoxide provides abundant active sites and isotropic ion diffusion channels. Meanwhile, the hollow porous carbon sphere not only provides a stable conductive network, but also enhances the stability during charging/discharging process. Consequently, the AVO-HPCS exhibits a capacity of 474 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g and long-term cycle stability. Moreover, the corresponding reversible insertion/extraction mechanism is elucidated by ex-situ X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the flexible pouch battery with AVO-HPCS cathode shows high comprehensive performance. Hence, this work provides insights into the development of advanced amorphous cathode materials for AZIBs.

Nanoarchitectonics of vanadium nanoparticles decorated mesoporous carbon nitride in photocatalytic systems: A study on ethylbenzene oxidation reaction.

In this work, we have described the synthesis of vanadium (V) nanoparticles (NPs) anchored on mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (V@mpg-C3N4) and their uses in photocatalytic ethylbenzene oxidation to the respective acetophenones. The mpg-C3N4 serves as the support for the decoration of V NPs, through a simple impregnation method. Various advanced techniques, such as XRD, UV-vis spectrometry, HRTEM, HAADF-STEM, AC-STEM, elemental mapping, and BET surface area analysis, were employed for the characterization of V@mpg-C3N4. The detailed characterization studies reveal that the V@mpg-C3N4 catalyst has a medium band gap (2.78 eV), a high surface area (76.7 m2g-1), and a mesoporous nature. The V@mpg-C3N4 photocatalysts demonstrated excellent performance in the light-assisted oxidation of ethylbenzene, achieving over 99 % conversion and selectivity for acetophenone in an environmentally friendly solvent (water) using a domestic light source (50 W white light). This developed synthesis strategy will be useful for synthesizing various noble and non-noble metal-based catalysts and their applications in organic transformation and environmental remediation.

Enhanced phytoremediation of vanadium using coffee grounds and fast-growing plants: Integrating machine learning for predictive modeling.

Vanadium (V) contamination posed a significant environmental challenge, while phytoremediation offered a sustainable solution. Phytoremediation performance was often limited by the slow growth cycles of traditional plants. A novel approach to enhancing V phytoremediation by integrating coffee grounds with fast-growing plants such as barley grass, wheat grass, and ryegrass was investigated in this study. The innovative use of coffee grounds leveraged not only their nutrient-rich composition but also their ability to reduce oxidative stress in plants, thereby significantly boosting phytoremediation efficiency. Notably, ryegrass achieved 48.7% V5+ removal within 6 d with initial 20 mg/L V5+ (0.338 mg/L·d·g ryegrass). When combined with coffee grounds, V5+ removal by using wheat grass increased substantially, rising from 30.51% to 62.91%. Gradient Boosting and XGBoost models, trained with optimized parameters including a learning rate of 0.1, max depth of 3, and n_estimators of 300, were employed to predict and optimize V5+ concentrations in the phytoremediation process. These models were evaluated using mean squared error (MSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) metrics, achieving high predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.95, MSE = 1.20). Feature importance analysis further identified the initial V5+ concentration and experimental duration as the most significant factors influencing the model's predictions. The addition of coffee grounds not only mitigated the stress of heavy metals on ryegrass, leading to significant reductions in CAT (87.2%), POD (98.8%), and SOD (39.2%) activities in ryegrass roots, but also significantly altered the microbial community abundance in the plant roots. This research provided an innovative enhancement to traditional phytoremediation methods, and established a new paradigm for using machine learning to predict and optimize V5+ remediation outcomes. The effectiveness of this technology in multi-metal polluted environments warrants further investigation in the future.

Factors Determining the Selectivity of NO Reduction Catalyzed by Copper-Vanadium Oxide Cluster Anions Cu2VO3‒5.

Catalytic NO reduction by CO is imperative to satisfy the increasingly rigorous emission regulations. Identifying the structural characteristic of crucial intermediate that governs the selectivity of NO reduction is pivotal to having a fundamental understanding on real-life catalysis. Herein, benefiting from the state-of-the-art mass spectrometry, we demonstrated experimentally that the Cu2VO3-5- clusters can mediate the catalysis of NO reduction by CO, and two competitive channels to generate N2O and N2 can co-exist. Quantum-chemical calculations were performed to rationalize this selectivity. The formation of the ONNO unit on the Cu2 dimer was demonstrated to be a precursor from which two pathways of NO reduction start to emerge. In the pathway of N2O generation, only the Cu2 dimer was oxidized and the VO3 moiety  functions as a "support", while both moieties have to contribute to anchor oxygen atoms from the ONNO unit and then N2 can be generated. This finding displays a clear picture to elucidate how and why the involvement of VO3 "support" can regulate the selectivity of NO reduction.

Sol-Gel Pt-VO2 Films as Selective Chemoresistive and Optical H2 Gas Sensors.

In this work, VO2 (M1/R) thin films were exploited as H2 gas sensors. A flat film morphology, obtained by furnace annealing, was compared with a laser-induced nanostructured one. The combination of the environmentally friendly sol-gel approach with the ultrafast laser crystallization allows for significant reductions in energy consumption and related emissions during the fabrication of VO2 sensors. By decorating the sensors' surface with Pt nanoparticles (NPs), the sensor response was enhanced exploiting the hydrogen spillover effect. The Pt/VO2 sensors, tested at operating temperatures between 20 and 200 °C and for concentration of H2 from few ppm to 50000 ppm, offered a dual chemoresistive and optical sensing mode. Low operating temperatures of 150 °C were achieved, along with a detection limit as low as 2 ppm and a perfect baseline recovery. Both sensors guaranteed specific selectivity toward H2, without response to NO2 or humidity, and long-term stability over 500 h. The H2 sensing mechanism, for both the monoclinic and rutile VO2 phases, was investigated through in operando X-ray Diffraction and in situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy tests. The interaction was found to be based on the reversible formation of HxVO2 bronze, along with the reversible variations in the oxidation state of V.

Dual Polarization of Ni Sites at VOx-Ni3N Interface Boosts Ethanol Oxidation Reaction.

Substituting thermodynamically favorable ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) engenders high-efficiency hydrogen production and generates high value-added products as well. However, the main obstacles have been the low activity and the absence of an explicit catalytic mechanism. Herein, a heterostructure composed of amorphous vanadium oxide and crystalline nickel nitride (VOx-Ni3N) is developed. The heterostructure immensely boosts the EOR process, achieving the current density of 50 mA cm-2 at the low potential of 1.38 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), far surpassing the sluggish OER (1.65 V vs RHE). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicates that the as-fabricated heterostructure can promote the adsorption of OH- and the generation of the reactive species (O*). Theoretical calculations further outline the dual polarization of the Ni site at the interface, specifically the asymmetric charge redistribution (interfacial polarization) and in-plane polarization. Consequently, the dual polarization modulates the d-band center, which in turn regulates the adsorption/desorption strength of key reaction intermediates, thereby facilitating the entire EOR process. Moreover, a VOx-Ni3N-based electrolyzer, coupling hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and EOR, attains 50 mA cm-2 at a low cell voltage of ≈1.5 V. This work thus paves the way for creating dual polarization through interface engineering toward broad catalysis.

Synergistic effect of oxygen defects and calabash-like hollow carbon matrix enables VO2 as high-performance cathode for zinc ion battery.

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) materials exhibit significant theoretical specific capacity, which is ascribed to multi-electron transfer reactions and unique tunneled structures. However, the low electronic conductivity and sluggish reaction kinetics of VO2 have impeded its further development. Hence, in this study, we employed a synergistic strategy of defect engineering and compositing with a calabash carbon matrix to reduce Zn2+ diffusion barriers and accelerate electron transfer. The VO2 cathode provided a high specific capacity at a low rate of 303 mA h g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 after 191 cycles, along with good rate performance (168 mA h g-1 at 10 A g-1) and satisfactory long-term stability (170 mA h g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 1100 cycles). The exhaustive structural analyses indicated that oxygen vacancies accelerated the Zn2+ diffusion rate, while a uniform calabash-like hollow carbon matrix improved electronic conductivity during cycling. Moreover, ex-situ measurements demonstrated that during discharge, the composite cathode transformed to layered Zn3+x(OH)2V2O7·2H2O, which then facilitated the subsequent intercalation of Zn2+. This cooperative strategy advances the practical application of aqueous zinc ion batteries by leveraging vanadium-based electrodes.

Influence of Process Parameters on Selected Properties of Ti6Al4V Manufacturing via L-PBF Process.

This study investigates the microstructural effects of process parameters on Ti6Al4V alloy produced via powder bed fusion (PBF) using laser beam melting (LB/M) technology. The research focuses on how variations in laser power, exposure velocity, and hatching distance influence the final material's porosity, microhardness, and microstructure. To better understand the relationships between process parameters, energy density, and porosity, a simple mathematical model was developed. The microstructure of the alloy was analyzed in the YZ plane using a confocal microscope. The study identified optimal parameters-302.5 W laser power, 990 mm/s exposure velocity, and 0.14 mm hatching distance-yielding the lowest porosity index of 0.005%. The material's average hardness was measured at 434 ± 18 HV0.5. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing printing parameters to produce high-quality Ti6Al4V components using PBF-LB/M technology, shedding light on the critical relationship between process parameters and the resulting microstructure.

Unraveling Energy Storage Performance and Mechanism of Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Copper Vanadium Oxides with Tunable Composition for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Achieving high-performance aqueous zinc (Zn)-ion batteries (AZIBs) requires stable and efficient cathode materials capable of reversible Zn-ion intercalation. Although layered vanadium oxides possess high Zn-ion storage capacity, their sluggish kinetics and poor conductivity present significant hurdles for further enhancing the performance of AZIBs. In response to this challenge, a dissolution-regrowth and conversion approach is formulated using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a sacrificial template, which enables the in situ creation of copper vanadium oxides (CuVOx) with porous 1D channels and distinctive nanoarchitectures. Owing to their distinctive structure, the optimized CuVOx cathode experiences a reaction involving the synergistic insertion/extraction of Zn2+, resulting in rapid Zn2+ diffusion kinetics and enhanced electrochemical activity postactivation. Specifically, the activated electrode delivers a reversible capacity of 519 mAh g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 for AZIBs. It is noteworthy that the electrode exhibits a remarkable reversible rate capacity of 220 mAh g-1 at 5 A g-1 with excellent durable cycleability, retaining 88% of its capacity even after 3000 cycles. Various ex situ testing methods endorse the reversible insertion/extraction of Zn2+ in the CuVOx cathode. This study provides a novel insight into high-performance MOF-derived unique structure designs for AZIB electrodes.

Ultra-sensitive electrochemical immunosensor based on 2D vanadium diselenide (VSe2) for efficient detection of pathogens: Salmonella Typhimurium.

Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), with an extensive surface area, intriguing tunable electrical and optical features, and a distinctive Van der Waals layered structure, yield outstanding sensing properties. Essentially, most TMDs originally existed in the crystallographic phase of a 2H trigonal prismatic structure, which is semiconducting in nature with poor electrocatalytic activity. In contrast, vanadium diselenide (VSe2) with its metastable metallic 1 T octahedral crystal structure has been proven to be an outstanding electrode material, embracing exceptional electrocatalytic behavior for various electrochemical (EC) applications. However, practically, VSe2 has hardly ever been explored in the field of biosensing technology. This study presents a novel EC biosensor based on the antibody of Salmonella Typhimurium (Anti-ST) immobilized on VSe2-supported Indium tin oxide (Anti-ST/VSe2/ITO) for quantitative and efficient Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) detection. The Anti-ST/VSe2/ITO bioelectrode displayed a linear relationship with ST concentration (1.3 × 10-107 CFU/ml) with a limit of detection (LOD) (0.096 CFU/ml) that is lower than previously reported ST biosensors and impressively high sensitivity (0.001996 µA.mL/CFU). Furthermore, the proposed electrode's electroanalytical activity was evaluated in spiked sugarcane juice, demonstrating distinguished applicability for specific ST detection in real samples.

Toxicity and decomposition activity inhibition of VO2 micro/nanoparticles to white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is an excellent phase transition material widely used in various applications, and thus inevitably enters the environment via different routes and encounters various organisms. Nonetheless, limited information is available on the environmental hazards of VO2. In this study, we investigated the impact of two commercial VO2 particles, nanosized S-VO2 and micro-sized M-VO2 on the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The growth of P. chrysosporium is significantly affected by VO2 particles, with S-VO2 displaying a higher inhibitory effect on weight gain. In addition, VO2 at high concentrations inhibits the formation of fungal fibrous hyphae and disrupts the integrity of fungus cells as evidenced by the cell membrane damage and the loss of cytoplasm. Notably, at 200 µg/mL, S-VO2 completely alters the morphology of P. chrysosporium, while the M-VO2 treatment does not affect the mycelium formation of P. chrysosporium. Additionally, VO2 particles inhibit the laccase activity secreted by P. chrysosporium, and thus prevent the dye decoloration and sawdust decomposition by P. chrysosporium. The mechanism underlying this toxicity is related to the dissolution of VO2 and the oxidative stress induced by VO2. Overall, our findings suggest that VO2 nanoparticles pose significant environmental hazards and risks to white rot fungi.

Synergetic Effect of Mo-Doped and Oxygen Vacancies Endows Vanadium Oxide with High-Rate and Long-Life for Aqueous Zinc Ion Battery.

Vanadium (V)-based oxides have garnered significant attention as cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their multiple valences and high theoretical capacity. However, their sluggish kinetics and low conductivity remain major obstacles to practical applications. In this study, Mo-doped V2O3 with oxygen vacancies (OVs, Mo-V2O3-x@NC) is prepared from a Mo-doped V-metal organic framework. Ex situ characterizations reveal that the cathode undergoes an irreversible phase transformation from Mo-V2O3-x to Mo-V2O5-x·nH2O and serves as an active material exhibiting excellent Zn2+ storage in subsequent charge-discharge cycles. Mo-doped helps to further improve cycling stability and increases with increasing content. More importantly, the synergistic effect of Mo-doped and OVs not only effectively reduces the Zn2+ migration energy barrier, but also enhances reaction kinetics, and electrochemical performance. Consequently, the cathode demonstrates ultrafast electrochemical kinetics, showing a superior rate performance (190.9 mAh g-1 at 20 A g-1) and excellent long-term cycling stability (147.9 mAh g-1 at 20 A g-1 after 10000 cycles). Furthermore, the assembled pouch cell exhibits excellent cycling stability (313.6 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 1000 cycles), indicating promising application prospects. This work presents an effective strategy for designing and fabricating metal and OVs co-doped cathodes for high-performance AZIBs.

Selective Synthesis of 3D Aligned VO2 and V2O5 Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Materials by Chemical Vapor Deposition.

3D carbon nanotube hybrid materials containing VO2 and V2O5 evenly distributed onto vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) is reported. Adjustable loading of particles in controllable sizes onto the VACNTs was developed via a stepwise chemical vapour deposition (CVD) approach. Solid VO(acac)2 is chosen as vanadium source. CO2 acts as reactive gas for the pre-functionalisation of the VACNTs. The process temperature was identified as key parameter to control the deposited vanadium oxide phase. A temperature of 550°C results in monoclinic VO2, while 600 °C results in the deposition of V2O5 onto the VACNT support. The morphology and the amount of deposited material was found to be dependent on the reactor dimensions and the degree of functionalization of the carbon support. An increase of the D/G ratio of the VACNT from 0.75 to 1.08 caused by a CO2 treatment step within the process led to an increase of the particle coverage from a scarce coverage without prior CO2 treatment to a dense coverage of the VACNT support after 15 min of CO2 exposure time. Size and crystallinity of the as deposited particles can be further adjusted by a controlled heat treatment after VO(acac)2 precursor deposition.

Enhanced Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Performance with New Amphoteric Ion Exchange Membranes.

Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) depend on the separator membrane for their efficiency and cycle life. Herein, two amphoteric ion exchange membranes are synthesized, based on sulfonic acid group-grafted poly(p-terphenyl piperidinium), for VRFBs. Using ether-free poly(p-terphenyl piperidine) (PTP) as the polymer matrix, and sodium 2-bromoethanesulphonate (ES) and 1,4-butane sultone (BS) as grafting agents, We achieve quaternization of PTP through an environmentally friendly process without alkaline catalysts. PTP-ES and PTP-BS membranes exhibit low area resistance, high H+ permeability, and significantly reduced vanadium ion permeability, leading to exceptional ion selectivity, which is 3.06 × 106 S min cm-3 and 4.34 × 106 S min cm-3, respectively, three orders of magnitude higher than that of Nafion115 (0.27 × 104 S min cm-3). The VRFB with PTP-BS achieves a self-discharge duration of 190 h, compared to 86 h for Nafion 115. Additionally, under current densities of 40-160 mA cm-2, PTP-BS shows coulombic efficiencies of 98.1-99.1% and energy efficiencies of 92.0-82.1%, outperforming Nafion 115. The VRFB with PTP-BS also demonstrates excellent cycle stability and discharge capacity retention over 300 cycles at 100 mA cm-2. Therefore, the amphoteric PTP-BS membrane shows remarkable performance, offering significant potential for VRFB applications.

A refreshing approach to understanding the action on DNA of vanadium (IV) and (V) complexes derived from the anticancer VCp2Cl2.

A computational study based on derivatives of the anticancer VCp2Cl2 compound and their interaction with representative models of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is presented. The derivatives were obtained by substituting the cyclopentadienes of VCp2Cl2 with H2O, NH3, OH-, Cl-, O2- and C2O42- ligands. The oxidation states IV and V of vanadium were considered, so a total of 20 derivative complexes are included. The complexes interactions with DNA were studied using two different models, the first model considers the interactions of the complexes with the pair Guanine-Cytosine (G-C) and the second involves the interaction of the complexes with adjacent pairs, that is, d(GG). This study compares methodologies based on density functional theory with coupled cluster like calculations (DLPNO-CCSD(T)), the gold standard of electronic structure methods. Furthermore, the change in the electron density of the hydrogen bonds that keep bonded the G-C pair and d(GG) pairs, due to the presence of vanadium (IV) and (V) complexes is rationalize. To this aim, quantities obtained from the topology of the electron densities are inspected, particularly the value of the electron density at the hydrogen bond critical points. The approach allowed to identify vanadium complexes that lead to significant changes in the hydrogen bonds indicated above, a key aspect in the understanding, development, and proposal of mechanisms of action between metal complexes and DNA.

High-Performance p-Type Quasi-Ohmic of WSe2 Transistors Using Vanadium-Doped WSe2 as Intermediate Layer Contact.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), such as tungsten diselenide (WSe2), hold immense potential for applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, a significant Schottky barrier height (SBH) at the metal-semiconductor (MS) interface reduces the electronic device performance. Here, we present a unique 2D/2D contact method for minimizing contact resistance and reducing the SBH. This approach utilizes vanadium-doped WSe2 (V-WSe2) as the drain and source contacts. The fabricated transistor exhibited a stable operation with p-type quasi-ohmic contact and a high on/off current ratio surpassing 108 at room temperature, reaching 1011 at 10 K. The device achieved an on-current of 68.87 µA, a high mobility of 103.80 cm2 V-1 s-1, a low contact resistance of 0.92 kΩ, and remarkably low SBH values of 1.51 meV for holes at VGS = -120 V with fixed VDS = 1 V. Furthermore, a Schottky photodiode has been fabricated, utilizing V-WSe2 and Cr as the asymmetric contact platform, showing a responsivity of 116 mA W1-. The findings of this study suggest a simple and efficient method for improving the performance of TMDC-based transistors.

Flash Joule Heating Synthesis of Layer-Stacked Vanadium Oxide/Graphene Hybrids within Seconds for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Vanadium oxides have been regarded as highly promising cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). However, obtaining high-performance vanadium oxide-based cathodes suitable for industrial application remains a significant challenge due to the need for cost-effective, straightforward, and efficient preparation methods. Herein, we present a facile and rapid synthesis of a composite cathode, consisting of layer-stacked VO2/V2O5 and graphene-like carbon nanosheets, in just 2.5 s by treating the commercial V2O5 powder via a flash Joule heating strategy. When employed as the cathode for ZIBs, the resulting composite delivers a comparable rate capacity of 459 mA h g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 and remarkable cycle stabilities of 355.5 mA h g-1 after 2500 cycles at 1.0 A g-1 and 169.5 mA h g-1 after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g-1, respectively. Further electrochemical analysis reveals that the impressive performance is attributed to the accelerated charge transfer and the alleviated structure degradation, facilitated by the abundant sites and a built-in electric field of the layer-stacked VO2/V2O5 heterostructure, as well as the excellent conductivity of graphene-like carbon nanosheets. This work introduces a unique approach for ultrafast and low-cost fabrication of high-performance vanadium oxide-based composite cathodes toward efficient ZIBs.

Synergistic Regulation of Anode and Cathode Interphases via an Alum Electrolyte Additive for High-performance Aqueous Zinc-Vanadium Batteries.

A zinc (Zn) metal anode paired with a vanadium oxide (VOx) cathode is a promising system for aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs); however, side reactions proliferating on the Zn anode surface and the infinite dissolution of the VOx cathode destabilise the battery system. Here, we introduce a multi-functional additive into the ZnSO4 (ZS) electrolyte, KAl(SO4)2 (KASO), to synchronise the in-situ construction of the protective layer on the surface of the Zn anode and the VOx cathode. Theoretical calculations and synchrotron radiation have verified that the high-valence Al3+ plays multifunctional roles of competing with Zn2+ for solvation and forming a Zn-Al alloy layer with a homogeneous electric field to mitigate the side reactions and dendrite generation. The Al-containing cathode-electrolyte interface considerably alleviates the irreversible dissolution of the VOx cathode and the accumulation of byproducts. Consequently, the Zn || Zn cell with KASO exhibits an ultra-long cycle of 6000 h at 2 mA cm-2. Importantly, the VOx cathodes (VO2, V2O5 and NH4V4O10) in the ZS-KASO electrolyte showed excellent cycling stability, even at a low negative/positive (N/P) ratio of 2.83 and high mass loading (~16 mg cm-2). This study offers a practical reference for concurrently addressing challenges at the anode and cathode of AZIBs.

"Water-in-Salt" Electrolyte Suppressed MnVOPO4·2H2O Cathode Dissolution for Stable High-Voltage Platform and Cycling Performance for Aqueous Zinc Metal Battery.

Vanadium-based materials have the advantages of abundant valence states and stable structures, having great application potential as cathode materials in metal-ion batteries. However, their low voltage and vanadium dissolution in traditional water-based electrolytes greatly limit their application and development in aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs). Herein, phosphate- and vanadium-based cathode materials (MnVOPO4·2H2O) with stacked layers and few defects were prepared via a condensation reflux method and then combined with a high-concentration electrolyte (21 m LiTFSI + 1 M Zn(CF3SO3)2) to address these limitations. The specific capacity and cycle stability accompanying the stable high voltage of 1.39 V were significantly enhanced compared with those for the traditional electrolyte of 3 M Zn(CF3SO3)2, benefiting from the suppressed vanadium dissolution. The cathode materials of MnVOPO4·2H2O achieved a high specific capacity of 152 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1, with a retention rate of 86% after 100 cycles for AZMBs. A high energy density of 211.78 Wh kg-1 was also achieved. This strategy could illuminate the significance of electrolyte modification and provide potential high-voltage cathode materials for AZMBs and other rechargeable batteries.

Ultrafast Tailoring Amorphous Zn0.25V2O5 with Precision-Engineered Artificial Atomic-Layer 1T'-MoS2 Cathode Electrolyte Interphase for Advanced Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Vanadium (V)-based oxides as cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) still encounter challenges such as sluggish Zn2+ diffusion kinetics and V-dissolution, thus leading to severe capacity fading and limited life span. Here, we designed an ultrafast and facile colloidal chemical synthesis strategy based on crystalline Zn0.25V2O5 (c-ZVO) to successfully prepare a-ZVO@MoS2 core@shell heterostructures, where atomic-layer MoS2 uniformly coats on the surface of amorphous a-ZVO. The tailored amorphous structure of a-ZVO provides more isotropic pathways and active sites for Zn2+, thus significantly enhancing the Zn2+ diffusion kinetics during charge-discharge processes. Meanwhile, as an efficient artificial cathode electrolyte interphase, the precision-engineered atomic-layer MoS2 with semi-metallic 1T' phase not only contributes to improved electron transport but also effectively inhibits the V-dissolution of a-ZVO. Therefore, the prepared a-ZVO@MoS2 and conceptually validated a-V2O5@MoS2 derived from commercial c-V2O5 exhibit excellent cycling stability at an ultralow current density (0.05 A g-1) while maintaining good rate capability and capacity retention. This research achievement provides a new effective strategy for various amorphous cathode designs for AZIBs with superior performance.