Colombian Ocular Diseases Epidemiology Study (CODES): Prevalence Incidence, and Sociodemographic Characterization of Vision Impairment (2015-2019), A Nationwide Study.

PURPOSE: To describe the prevalence, incidence, and sociodemographic characterization of moderate to severe vision impairment (MSVI) and blindness in Colombia based on the National Health Registry Integrated Social Protection Information System (SISPRO) Database. METHODS: We performed a nationwide population-based study using SISPRO and the International Classification of Diseases. Total and new cases were identified to calculate the prevalence and incidence per 100,000 inhabitants of MSVI and blindness between 2015 and 2019. Blindness was defined as a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of less than 20/400 in the better-seeing eye. Meanwhile, MSVI is a BCVA from 20/70 to equal or better than 20/400 in the better-seeing eye. An ANOVA test was performed to identify age differences. A conditional autoregressive model was also employed to depict standardized morbidity rate maps. RESULTS: From the 50 million inhabitants, the average prevalence and incidence of MSVI were 13.94 and 13.34 between 2015 and 2019, respectively, while for blindness, they were 4.03 and 3.53. Females accounted for most reported cases, and there was a notable shift towards individuals over 50 years (p < 0.001). Valle del Cauca was the region with the most cases reported and the greatest disease burden. CONCLUSION: This is the first nationwide population-based study describing the prevalence, incidence, and sociodemographic characterization of blindness and MSVI in Colombia. In recent years, there has been an increased number of cases, prevalence, and incidence, with females over 50 particularly affected. This research provides insight into the country's vision impairment epidemiology landscape and contributes to formulating public health policies to improve eye health care.

Comparative Analysis of Health- and Vision-Related Quality of Life Measures among Trinidadians with Low Vision and Normal Vision-A Cross-Sectional Matched Sample Study.

This cross-sectional study investigated the health-related and vision-related quality of life measures of adults with low vision compared to healthy individuals in Trinidad and Tobago. The health-related quality of life (HRQOL-14) and the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) were administered to 20 participants with low vision caused by diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, and macular degeneration, as well as 20 participants with no visual problems (control). Participants were recruited from the University Eye Clinic in Trinidad and Tobago. Compared to the controls, more participants in the low-vision group had lower age-adjusted NEI-VFQ-25 scores (48.3% vs. 95.1%; p < 0.001), had poor general (47.5% vs. 10%, p = 0.004) and mental (100% vs. 10%, p < 0.042) health, experienced greater activity limitation due to impairment or health problems (85% vs. 20%, p < 0.001), needed help with personal care (27.5% vs. 0%, p < 0.009) and daily routine (67.5% vs. 0%, p < 0.001), and experienced sleep problems (97.5% vs. 65%, p < 0.001) and symptoms of anxiety (100% vs. 90%, p = 0.042). All the diabetic retinopathy participants (100%, p = 0.028) had two or more impairments or vision problems compared to none in the other low-vision participants. In summary, the HRQOL-14 and NEI-VFQ-25 scores were significantly reduced in low-vision participants, who also demonstrated a greater vulnerability to poor quality of life in the presence of diabetes retinopathy. These findings have important clinical implications regarding offering appropriate support and interventions to improve quality of life outcomes in individuals with low vision.

Socioeconomic Status and Vision Care Services in Ontario, Canada: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: To test the association of material deprivation and the utilization of vision care services for young children. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a population-based, repeated measures cohort study using linked health and administrative datasets. All children born in Ontario in 2010 eligible for provincial health insurance were followed from birth until their seventh birthday. The main exposure was neighborhood-level material deprivation quintile, a proxy for socioeconomic status. The primary outcome was receipt of a comprehensive eye examination (not to include a vision screening) by age 7 years from an eye care professional, or family physician. RESULTS: Of 128 091 children included, female children represented 48.7% of the cohort, 74.4% lived in major urban areas, and 16.2% lived in families receiving income assistance. Only 65% (n = 82 833) had at least 1 comprehensive eye examination, with the lowest uptake (56.9%; n = 31 911) in the most deprived and the highest uptake (70.5%; n =19 860) in the least deprived quintiles. After adjusting for clinical and demographic variables, children living in the least materially deprived quintile had a higher odds of receiving a comprehensive eye examination (aOR 1.43; 95% CI 1.36, 1.51) compared with children in the most materially deprived areas. CONCLUSIONS: Uptake of comprehensive eye examinations is poor, especially for children living in the most materially deprived neighborhoods. Strategies to improve uptake and reduce inequities are warranted.

Ophthalmologic Impairment and Intellectual Disability in a Girl Presenting Kenny-Caffey Syndrome Type 2.

Kenny-Caffey syndrome (KCS) is a rare genetic condition characterized by growth retardation, bone abnormalities, and hypoparathyroidism. Herein, we report an unusual case of a 10-year-old girl with Kenny-Caffey syndrome type 2 (KCS2) presenting with vision impairment-suspected maculopathy and intellectual disability. Endocrine evaluation showed low calcium and high phosphorus plasma levels. Radiographic evaluation revealed short metacarpal bones and delayed bone age. Sequencing analysis showed a missense variant in FAM111A (R569H), unidentified in her parents. Better understanding of potential neurological and ophthalmological findings in KCS2 patients is important to improve quality of life of these patients as usually they exhibit long survival.

Factores asociados a caídas en adultos mayores chilenos: evidencia de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010 / Factors associated with falls in older adults in chile: analysis of the National Health Survey 2009-2010

Background: A decrease in functional capacity due to ageing is one of the main risk factors for falls in older people. Aim: To investigate factors associated with falls in Chilean older adults. Material and Methods: We analyzed the self-reports of falls of 1,334 people aged ≥ 60 years who answered the National Health Survey 2009-2010. Falls during the last 12 months were recorded. Lifestyle, socio-demographic and health status were analyzed. A Poisson regression with robust variance estimates was performed to identify factors associated with falls. Results: Falls during the preceding year were reported by 37% of respondents (95% confidence intervals (CI): 32-42]. Fall frequency was higher in women (Prevalence ratio (PR):1.30 [95% CI:1.11; 1.53], p < 0.01) and those aged ≥ 75 years (PR:1.29 [95% CI:1.04; 1.61], p = 0.02). Hearing impairment (PR: 1.31 [95% CI: 1.07; 1.61], p < 0.01), impaired vision (PR:1.46 [95% CI:1.20; 1.77], p < 0.01), low self-reported wellbeing (PR: 1.41 [95% CI: 1.03; 1.94], p = 0.03) and disability (PR: 1.54 [95% CI:1.32; 1.79], p < 0.01) were associated with falls. However, multimorbidity (having ≥ 3 diseases) was negatively associated with falls (PR: 0.79 [95% CI: 0.63; 0.99], p = 0.04). Conclusions: Among older people, female sex, being aged > 75 years and having disability, hearing or vision impairment are risk factors for falls.

Psychophysical Measurements of Luminance Contrast Sensitivity and Color Discrimination with Transparent and Blue-Light Filter Intraocular Lenses.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to measure luminance contrast sensitivity and color vision thresholdfs in normal subjects using a blue light filter lens and transparent intraocular lens material. METHODS: Monocular luminance grating contrast sensitivity was measured with Psycho for Windows (version 2.36; Cambridge Research Systems) at 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, 20.0, and 30.0 cycles per degree of visual angle (cpd) in 15 normal subjects (eight female), with a mean age of 21.6 years (SD = 3.8 years). Chromatic discrimination was assessed with the Cambridge colour test (CCT) along the protan, deutan, and tritan color confusion axes. Both tests were performed in a darkened room under two situations: with a transparent lens and with blue light filter lens. Subjective impressions were taken by subjects regarding their visual experience under both conditions. RESULTS: No difference was found between the luminance contrast sensitivity measured with transparent and blue light filter. However, 13/15 (87%) of the subjects reported more comfortable vision with the blue filter. In the color vision test, tritan thresholds were significantly higher for the blue filter compared with the transparent filter (p = 0.003). For protan and deutan thresholds no differences were found. CONCLUSION: Blue-yellow color vision is impaired with the blue light filter, and no impairment occurs with the transparent filter. No significant differences in thresholds were found in the luminance contrast sensitivity comparing the blue light and transparent filters. The impact of short wavelength light filtering on intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells is also discussed.

Seroepidemiology of Toxocara infection in patients with vision impairment and blindness in durango, Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Toxocara infection is a cause of vision impairment and blindness. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence and correlates of Toxocara infection in patients suffering from vision impairment and blindness in Durango City, Mexico. METHODS: Through a cross-sectional seroprevalence study, 204 patients with vision impairment and 19 blind patients were studied for the presence of anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies in Durango City, Mexico. Seroprevalence association with socio-demographic, housing, clinical, and behavioral characteristics of participants was also investigated. RESULTS: Five (2.5%) of the 204 patients with vision impairment, and none of the 19 patients with blindness were positive for anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies. In total, five of the 223 (2.2%) patients were positive for anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies. Seropositivity to Toxocara was not associated with age, sex, educational level, socio-economic status, presence of underlying diseases or behavioral characteristics of the patients. In contrast, multivariate analysis showed that Toxocara seropositivity was associated with living in a house with soil floor (odds ratio (OR) = 11.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57 - 78.74; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of Toxocara exposure in patients with vision impairment and blindness in Mexico, and of an association of Toxocara exposure with living in a house with soil floors. Results suggest a low Toxocara exposure in these patients in Durango, Mexico. The risk factor associated with Toxocara exposure identified in this study warrants for further investigation.

Intentos de persuasión narrados y actuados en el contexto de una sesión de psicoterapia / Narrated and acted attempts to persuade, in the context of a psychotherapy session

El presente artículo estudia los deseos y defensas presentes en el discurso de una paciente con un sindrome oculorrenal en el contexto de una sesión de psicoterapia. A través de la aplicación del algoritmo David Liberman en sus tres niveles, focaliza en el análisis de secuencias narrativas relatadas y desplegadas durante la sesión para describir una estrategia de persuasión llevada adelante por la paciente, quien posee una gran riqueza intelectual y de recursos expresivos. El interés de este trabajo es clínico y metodológico. Desde el punto de vista clínico, pone de manifiesto que el despliegue para convencer tanto a sus familiares como a su terapeuta, expone el núcleo del riesgo a repetir situaciones traumáticas. En el aspecto metodológico, constituye un aporte al estudio de las secuencias narrativas y de los nexos que existen entre ellas.(AU)

The present article examines the wishes and defences manifested in the discourse of a patient with a papillorenal syndrome, in the context of a psychotherapy session. The David Liberman algorithm is applied on its three levels, focusing on the analysis of narration sequences reported and displayed during the session to describe a strategy of persuasion carried out by the patient, who has a wide scope of intellectual and expressive resources. The interest of this work is clinical and methodological. From the clinical point of view, it shows that the attempts to persuade both her family as her therapist, exposes the core of the risk to repeat traumatic situations. From the methodological perspective, it is a contribution to the study of narrative sequences and the links between them.(AU)

" Um sonho cortado pela metade... ": estudo de caso sobre o impacto da prematuridade e da deficiência visual do bebê na parentalidade / " A dream cut in half... ": A case study of the impact of prematurity and the vision impairment of the babyon parenthood / " Un sueño cortado al medio... ": Estudio de caso sobre el impacto de la prematuridad y de la discapacidadvisual del bebé en la parentalidad

Quando a prematuridade culmina com um diagnóstico de retinopatia da prematuridade com perda da visão, os pais sofrem um duplo impacto. O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar as reações emocionais dos pais nesse contexto e seu impacto na parentalidade. Para tanto, pais de uma menina de 13 meses foram entrevistados conjuntamente. Os dados foram examinados, utilizando-se a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram um choque dos pais com a aparência do bebê prematuro, o medo da morte do bebê, dificuldades para a compreensão do diagnóstico, negação, culpa, sentimentos hostis em relação à equipe médica e diminuição da autoeficácia do casal como pais. Por outro lado, identificou-se uma busca de reorganização do casal e alegrias frente à parentalidade...

Prematurity in conjuction with diagnosis of premature retinopathy aimed to with loss of vision cause, in parents a double impact. This study aimed to investigate the emotional parents reactions in this context and its impact on parenthood. Parents of a 13 months old baby girl were interviewed together. The data was examined by means of content analysis. The results revealed that parents were in shock with the appearance of the premature baby, faced fear of the baby's death, difficulty to understand the diagnosis, denial, guilt, hostile sentiments toward the medical team and diminished self-efficacy as parents. On the other hand, a couple's reorganization and happiness in the face of parentality, were also identified...

Cuando la prematuridad culmina con un diagnóstico de la retinopatía, con pérdida de la visión, los padres sufren un doble impacto. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las reacciones emocionales de los padres en este contexto y su impacto en la parentalidad. Para ello, se entrevistó conjuntamente a los padres de una niña de 13 meses. Los datos fueron analizados mediante análisis de contenido. Los resultados mostraron un choque de los padres con la aparencia de un bebé prematuro, miedo de la muerte del bebé, dificultades para comprender el diagnóstico, negación, culpa, sentimientos de hostilidad hacia el equipo médico y la disminucíon de la auto-eficacia de la pareja como padres. Por otra parte, fue identificada una búsqueda de reorganización de la pareja y de alegrías por la parentalidad...

" Um sonho cortado pela metade... ": estudo de caso sobre o impacto da prematuridade e da deficiência visual do bebê na parentalidade / " A dream cut in half... ": A case study of the impact of prematurity and the vision impairment of the babyon parenthood / " Un sueño cortado al medio... ": Estudio de caso sobre el impacto de la prematuridad y de la discapacidadvisual del bebé en la parentalidad

Quando a prematuridade culmina com um diagnóstico de retinopatia da prematuridade com perda da visão, os pais sofrem um duplo impacto. O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar as reações emocionais dos pais nesse contexto e seu impacto na parentalidade. Para tanto, pais de uma menina de 13 meses foram entrevistados conjuntamente. Os dados foram examinados, utilizando-se a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram um choque dos pais com a aparência do bebê prematuro, o medo da morte do bebê, dificuldades para a compreensão do diagnóstico, negação, culpa, sentimentos hostis em relação à equipe médica e diminuição da autoeficácia do casal como pais. Por outro lado, identificou-se uma busca de reorganização do casal e alegrias frente à parentalidade.(AU)

Prematurity in conjuction with diagnosis of premature retinopathy aimed to with loss of vision cause, in parents a double impact. This study aimed to investigate the emotional parents reactions in this context and its impact on parenthood. Parents of a 13 months old baby girl were interviewed together. The data was examined by means of content analysis. The results revealed that parents were in shock with the appearance of the premature baby, faced fear of the baby's death, difficulty to understand the diagnosis, denial, guilt, hostile sentiments toward the medical team and diminished self-efficacy as parents. On the other hand, a couple's reorganization and happiness in the face of parentality, were also identified.(AU)

Cuando la prematuridad culmina con un diagnóstico de la retinopatía, con pérdida de la visión, los padres sufren un doble impacto. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las reacciones emocionales de los padres en este contexto y su impacto en la parentalidad. Para ello, se entrevistó conjuntamente a los padres de una niña de 13 meses. Los datos fueron analizados mediante análisis de contenido. Los resultados mostraron un choque de los padres con la aparencia de un bebé prematuro, miedo de la muerte del bebé, dificultades para comprender el diagnóstico, negación, culpa, sentimientos de hostilidad hacia el equipo médico y la disminucíon de la auto-eficacia de la pareja como padres. Por otra parte, fue identificada una búsqueda de reorganización de la pareja y de alegrías por la parentalidad.(AU)