Intrinsic capacity and hospitalization among older adults: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: Monitoring intrinsic capacity (IC) in community-dwelling older people can be potentially used to alert for adverse health outcomes. However, whether there is an association between IC and hospitalization has yet to be fully explored. This study aimed to investigate the association of the IC composite measure and its 5 domains with hospitalization in the previous year and length of hospital stay. METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional analyses using data from a representative sample of community-dwelling adults (≥ 65 years). We assessed the IC domains (vitality, locomotor, cognitive, sensory, and psychological) using validated self-reported information and performance tests. We calculated standardized estimated scores (z scores) for IC composite measure and domains and conducted multivariate logistic and ordinal regressions. The primary outcomes were hospitalizations in the previous year and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: In a sample of 5354 participants (mean age = 73 ± 6 years), we found that participants with high IC composite z scores were less likely to have experienced hospitalization in the previous year (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.44-0.58). Among those who were hospitalized, high IC scores were associated with short stays (OR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.80-0.95). Cognitive and psychological domains were associated with hospitalizations, and the locomotor domain was related to length of hospital stay. The vitality domain was associated with both outcomes. CONCLUSION: IC as a composite measure was associated with previous hospitalizations and length of stay. IC can help clinicians identify older people prone to adverse outcomes, prompting preventive integrated care interventions.

Safety of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) as additive to healthy human sperm samples: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to assess if the addition of PRGF to healthy human sperm affects its motility and vitality. METHODS: This was a prospective study, with 44 sperm donors on whom sperm analysis was performed. Nine mL of blood was collected and PRGF was obtained using PRGF-Endoret® technology. The influence of different dilutions of PRGF (5%, 10%, 20%, 40%) applied to 15 sperm donors was compared, and sperm motility was assessed after 30 minutes. In the second part of the study, 29 sperm donors were studied to analyze the influence of 20% dilution of PRGF at 15, 30 and 45 minutes in fresh and thawed sperm samples. Motility was assessed after the addition of PRGF and after analysis each aliquot was frozen. After thawing, concentration and motility were assessed at the same time periods. RESULTS: There were no differences in sperm motility in fresh samples between dilutions of PRGF when assessed 30 minutes after administration, nor between them, nor when compared to the control group immediately prior to treatment. No trend was observed between motility and PRGF dilution in linear regression analysis. There were no significant differences in thawed samples. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of 20% PRGF dilution had no effect on sperm motility compared to samples without PRGF. In addition, there was no change in sperm vitality when comparing samples with and without PRGF. More studies focusing on subnormal sperm samples, analyzing different PRGF concentrations and increasing the number of study variables are needed.

Mindfulness intervention effect on endometriosis-related pain dimensions and its mediator role on stress and vitality: a path analysis approach.

Endometriosis-related pain is supposedly mainly responsible for generating psychological stress and deteriorating the quality of life. However, the interaction between these factors has not been investigated, considering its multidimensional nature and through the path of effects of psychosocial approaches. The present study aims to investigate the effect of a brief mindfulness-based intervention (bMBI) on pain dimensions and its mediator role on psychological stress and QoL-Vitality improvement. A secondary analysis of a pilot randomized controlled trial using a series of parallel and serial mediators was carried out. The results showed that bMBI improves the sensory (B = -6.09 [-9.81, -2.52], ß = -0.42) and affective (B = -3.40 [-5.02, -1.80], ß = -0.47) pain. The bMBI effect on psychological stress reduction was mediated by these changes in sensory (B = -2.81 [-6.06, -0.41], ß = -0.21) and affective (B = -1.97 [-5.07, -0.17], ß = -0.15) pain. Serial sensory pain and psychological stress reduction (B = 2.27 [0.11, 5.81], ß = -0.09) mediated the bMBI effect on quality of life vitality. Meditation training promotes additional improvement in affective and sensory pain characteristics through which psychological stress is reduced. The sensory pain dimension must be positively impacted in combination with psychological stress for the bMBI improves women's vitality. Adding a psychosocial intervention like meditation training to the standard treatment plan may be required for some women to achieve the needed changes to restore well-being.

Control radiográfico de trasplante dentario: reporte de caso / Radiographic control of dental transplantation: a case report

El trasplante dentario es una opción terapéutica para reemplazar un órgano dental perdido, causado por un proceso carioso extenso, agenesia, trauma-tismos o iatrogenias. Este procedimiento quirúrgico traslada un órgano dental íntegro desde un alveolo donante hacia su lecho receptor; para lo cual debe poseer ciertas características que permitan tener un pronóstico favorable a largo plazo. El presente estudio describe la evolución de un trasplante dental autólogo realizado hace 14 años a una paciente que acudió a la consulta para valoración del órgano den-tal 4.7, el que presentó un pronóstico desfavorable, por lo cual se realizó exodoncia y trasplante inme-diato del diente vital 4.8 al alveolo del órgano dental 4.7. Tras la planificación quirúrgica se procedió con la intervención conservando la vitalidad pulpar del diente a ser trasplantado, se realizó control clínico y radiográfico a los 15 días, 30 días, 6 meses, 1 año, 5 años y 14 años, en el que se observó conservación del paquete vasculonervioso y ligamento periodontal del órgano dental; a su vez se pudo evidenciar rizo-génesis en el diente trasplantado y un aumento de la altura del proceso alveolar, mediante mediciones realizadas en Auto CAD 2023 (AU)

Tooth transplantation is a therapeutic option to re-place a lost dental organ, caused by an extensive carious process, agenesis, trauma or iatrogenesis. This surgical procedure transfers a complete den-tal organ from a donor alveolus to its recipient bed; for which it must have certain characteristics that allow it to have a favorable long-term prognosis. The present study describes the evolution of an autolo-gous dental transplant carried out 14 years ago to a female patient who attended the consultation for evaluation of the dental organ 4.7, the same one that presented an unfavorable prognosis, for which an extraction and immediate transplantation of the 4.8 vital tooth was performed to the alveolus of the den-tal organ 4.7. After surgical planning, the intervention was carried out preserving the pulpal vitality of the tooth to be transplanted; clinical and radiographic control was performed at 15 days, 30 days, 6 months, 1 year, 5 years and 14 years, in which preservation of the vascular-nervous bundle and periodontal liga-ment of the dental organ was observed; in turn, rhizo-genesis in the transplanted tooth and an increase in the height of the alveolar process could be evidenced, through measurements made in Auto CAD 2023 (AU)

Does the liner material influence pulpal vitality in deep carious cavities submitted to selective caries removal? A network meta-analysis review.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the restorative material in direct contact with the dentin influences pulp vitality in primary and permanent teeth with deep carious lesions restored after selective caries removal (SCR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Systematic searches of databases MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science were performed for primary and permanent teeth. Inclusion criteria were applied for title and abstract reading of databases search results. After full texts review of included studies, those that did not meet exclusion criteria were excluded from meta-analysis. RESULTS: For meta-analysis, 2 studies were included for permanent teeth and 6 for primary teeth. The failure events reported were meta-analyzed using two statistical methods: standard pairwise meta-analysis (SPMA) and network meta-analysis (NMA). The SPMA identified similar failure occurrence of restorations performed with calcium hydroxide (CH) and other liner materials (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.41, 1.74; p = 0.64), no significant difference between the use of alternative liners or CH regardless deciduous or permanent teeth (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.36, 1.71; p = 0.55) and similar risk of failing at different follow-ups for all liner materials tested (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.35, 1.70; p = 0.52). Probabilistic analysis indicated GIC as liner material with the highest probability of clinical success (SUCRA = 72.76%), and CH ranked as the worst liner material (SUCRA = 21.81%). CONCLUSION: Pulpal vitality was not affected by material used as liner after selective caries removal in deep carious cavities. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Current clinical evidence supports the weak recommendation to not use calcium hydroxide as liner after SCR.

Caffeine Administration in Piglets with Low Birthweight and Low Vitality Scores, and Its Effect on Physiological Blood Profile, Acid-Base Balance, Gas Exchange, and Infrared Thermal Response.

Intrapartum asphyxia, fetal hypoxia, and their consequences (e.g., acidosis, hypercapnia, hypoglycemia, and hypothermia) are the main factors related to physio-metabolic imbalances that increase neonatal mortality in piglets, particularly in piglets with low birthweight and low vitality scores. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three different doses of caffeine (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) administered orally to 480 newborn piglets with low birthweight and low vitality scores. Blood gas parameters (pH, pO2, pCO2, and HCO3-), physio-metabolic profile (Ca++, glucose, and lactate), and the thermal response assessed through infrared thermography in four thermal windows (ocular, auricular, snout, and hindlimb) and rectal temperature were evaluated during the first 24 h of life. Doses of 30 mg/kg resulted in significant differences at 24 h for all evaluated parameters, suggesting that caffeine administration improved the cardiorespiratory function and metabolic activity of piglets by reducing acidosis, restoring glycemia, and increasing surface and rectal temperature. In conclusion, caffeine at 30 mg/kg could be suggested as an appropriate dose to use in piglets with low birthweight and low vitality scores. Future research might need to study the presentation of adverse effects due to higher caffeine concentrations.

Assessment of Vitality, Blood Profile, and Degree of Meconium Staining on the Skin in Newborn Dogs According to Its Birth Weight.

Neonatal mortality in dogs reaches up to 40%. Due to the high rates, promptly detecting the causes and preventing newborns from dying are extremely important. Vitality evaluation, blood parameters, and the degree of meconium staining on the skin are valuable resources in canine perinatology. In this study, 435 puppies from 85 bitches close to parturition were recruited and divided into four quartiles according to the puppy's birth weight: Q1 (127-200 g) n = 110 puppies, Q2 (201-269 g) n = 108 puppies, Q3 (270-388 g) n = 108 puppies, and Q4 (389-464 g) n = 109 puppies. This experimental article aimed to report the effect of birth weight on the blood profile variables, the vitality of newborn puppies, and the meconium staining degree, integrating these three aspects. It was concluded that the weight of newborns was correlated with the degree of meconium staining, presenting more cases of severe meconium staining in the puppies of the highest birth weight group. The weight of the newborns was correlated with a higher number of stillbirths and alterations in the blood variables, showing the most severe cases of metabolic acidosis, hypoxia, and hypoglycemia in the puppies of the Q4 quartile. On the contrary, no statistically significant correlations were found between the weight of newborns and vitality. Nevertheless, the analysis of the results showed that the most vigorous puppies were found at Q1; however, at minute 60 after birth (AB), all the puppies in the four quartiles standardized their vitality scores.

Musicalidad y juego en la primera infancia: el andamiaje que el juego con las formas de la vitalidad provee al juego de ficción / Musicality and play in early childhood: the scaffolding that forms of vitality play provides to pretend play

Resumen El juego de ficción, aquel que comporta la creación de una situación imaginaria, ha sido un objeto de estudio privilegiado en la psicología del desarrollo y se ha señalado su rol en el desarrollo de funciones psicológicas complejas. Recientemente, gracias a la utilización de herramientas de análisis de las artes temporales, se ha documentado una nueva forma de juego, el juego con las formas de la vitalidad, cuyo foco es la repetición y variación de motivos sonoro-kinéticos de modo interactivo, en detrimento de cualquier contenido figurativo. Se ha observado que durante el tercer año de vida este tipo de juego se presenta de modo combinado con el juego de ficción y que en esos casos podría ser parte del andamiaje del desarrollo del juego de ficción. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un microanálisis de los sonidos y movimientos de una escena de juego de ficción combinado con juego con las formas de la vitalidad de una niña de 1 año y 11 meses de edad, con el fin de conocer cómo se produce dicho andamiaje. Entre los resultados se destacan la presencia de sincronía interactiva basada en un pulso subyacente, la construcción de una mutualidad entre adulto e infante a partir de la calidad de los motivos compartidos, la ampliación del espacio de juego y el sostenimiento de la atención conjunta y la fluidez interactiva.

Abstract The pretend play, one that involves the creation of an imaginary situation, has been a privileged object of study in developmental psychology framed in the linguistic turn. Its important role in the development of complex psychological functions, such as language, theory of mind or narrative capacity, has been pointed out. In recent years, there has been a change in focus in the human sciences that has been dubbed the corporal turn: a re-focus on the analysis and conceptualization of bodily aspects that are at the base of various cognitive capacities. Thanks to the use of analysis tools typical of the temporal arts -such as music and dance- to the field of cognitive psychology, a new form of play has been documented in early childhood: the forms of vitality play. It recovers the idea of forms of vitality from Stern (2010), which refers to affects that cannot be reflected in the lexicon of Darwinian emotions. The forms of vitality are a Gestalt, an emergent property where movement, time, force, space and directionality/intentionality are integrated; they are a fundamental property of multimodal exchanges in the adult-baby dyad as well as of the experience, as spectator or performer, of non-figurative temporal arts such as dance and music. The forms of vitality play arise as a reconceptualization of the notion of musical play and is considered a reissue of early social play with a symmetrical participation of the child in the composition of play. It is defined as any pleasant or self-remunerative activity, in which motifs of movements and/or sounds are elaborated according to the repetition-variation form, at the expense of any figurative content. The forms of vitality play have been observed in the third year of the child's life and it has been pointed out that it can manifest in a simple way or in combination with the pretend play. Likewise, it was suggested that when the pretend play is presented in combination with the forms of vitality play, the latter could be scaffolding the pretend play, although how this happens has not been clearly specified. The objective of the present study is to carry out a microanalysis of the sounds and movements of a pretend play scene combined with forms of vitality play of a girl of 1 year and 11 months of age and an adult, in order to know how such scaffolding is produced. The sound envelope was analyzed in order to identify and describe the timing of the sounds. Regarding movement, specialized software was used to graph its trajectory and for the analysis of the expression of movements, the basic categories "Shape and Effort" of the Laban-Bartenieff system of movement analysis were used (Laban, 1971). The results indicate the presence of interactive synchrony based on an underlying pulse that sustains mutuality between the players and provides a temporal structure on which the synchrony of the self can be anchored. Furthermore, it allows the sharing of continuity and contrast in the quality of sounds and movements and thus provides the dyad with a primary level of understanding with non-mediated meanings; promotes the exploration of the play space and the expansion of the potential of the fictional scene; it favors the maintenance of joint attention and mutual understanding through ontogenetically pre-fiction semiotic mechanisms, which favor the interactive fluidity of play.

Prenatal or postnatal corticosteroids favor clinical, respiratory, metabolic outcomes and oxidative balance of preterm lambs corticotherapy for premature neonatal lambs.

Challenges of the extrauterine environment can be life threatening for a premature fetus with inadequate fetal maturity. Maternal corticosteroids therapy is widely employed to induce fetal pulmonary maturation. Nevertheless, whenever therapeutic pregnancy interruption has to be performed in a time manner insufficient to treat the dam, postnatal corticotherapy can be considered an alternative. However, it is not known if antenatal and postnatal corticotherapy can improve similarly neonatal outcomes and pulmonary function. This research aimed to analyze antenatal and postnatal corticotherapy on premature lambs vitality, pulmonary functioning, metabolic and oxidative status. Lambs were evaluated according to the mode of treatment: Prenatal Corticosteroid Group (8 lambs born after maternal betamethasone treatment 48 h prior to birth), Postnatal Corticosteroid Group (9 lambs subjected to betamethasone treatment 10 min after birth) and Control Group (5 lambs remained untreated). Lambs were medically followed-up from birth to 72 h thereafter through a complete physical examination, as well as lactatemia, glycaemia, blood acid-base balance and antioxidant status. Treated lambs had higher vitality score than the Control Group. Heart rate was higher in postnatal therapy compared to prenatal treatment. Respiratory rate and rectal temperature were higher in treated groups. Treated lambs had hyperglycemia, while the Postnatal Group had higher lactatemia than the Control Group. The Prenatal Group had lower and normal pCO2 from 60 min onwards. The Postnatal Group had higher superoxide dismutase activity than untreated lambs. In conclusion, prenatal and postnatal betamethasone treatments favor neonatal clinical outcome, respiratory function, glucose homeostasis and oxidative balance.

The analyst's vitalizing function and the living word in the analysis room: from Thomas Ogden / A função vitalizadora do analista e a palavra viva na sala de análise: reflexões a partir de thomas ogden

RESUMO: O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas ideias de Thomas Ogden sobre a importância dada aos sentimentos de vitalidade e desvitalização, como medida fundamental para o entendimento do que ocorre no processo analítico. Com o uso de duas vinhetas clínicas de uma das autoras, pretendeu-se a articulação com as ideias de Ogden, destacando-se o encaminhamento para um encontro vitalizado entre analista e paciente por meio de uma linguagem viva, visando a busca da verdade emocional conectada à vitalidade da sessão.

Abstract: This article aims to present some ideas by Thomas Ogden on the importance given to feelings of vitality and devitalization, as a fundamental measure for understanding what happens in the analytical process. With the use of two clinical vignettes by one of the authors, the intention was to articulate with Ogden's ideas, highlighting the referral to a vitalized encounter between the analyst and the patient through a living language, aiming at the search for connected emotional truth to the vitality of the session.

Effects of multicomponent exercise training on the intrinsic capacity in frail older adults: review of clinical trials

Abstract Aim: To review the effects of multicomponent exercise training on the domains of the intrinsic capacity of physically frail older adults: locomotion, vitality, cognition, psychological outcomes, and sensory function. Methods: The search for the studies was carried out in the MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and PEDro databases, along with manual search, delimiting the period of publication as the last 10 years. The initial search identified 338 studies and 18 among them were analyzed qualitatively. Results: From the analysis of the included studies, great variability was evidenced between the intervention protocols, as well as between the results. As for the effectiveness of multicomponent exercise training, it has been shown to induce a positive effect on most of the analyzed outcomes. Conclusion: In summary, the present review suggests that multicomponent physical training can be effective to improve aspects of locomotion, cognition, and psychological aspects in frail older populations. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to specify the time needed to achieve such adaptations, the magnitude of these adaptations, and the design of the most appropriate training program for each outcome related to intrinsic capabilities.

Corrigendum: Quality of the Physical Education Teacher's Instruction in the Perspective of Self-Determination.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708441.].

Quality of the Physical Education Teacher's Instruction in the Perspective of Self-Determination.

The teacher's instructions in physical education class have important implications for the psychological well-being of their students. The aim of this study was to analyze, under the postulates of the Self-Determination Theory (SDT), a model with the following sequence: the perception of the quality of the instructions (task presentation, amount of corrective feedback, and its legitimate perception) generated by the physical education teacher, the satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs and the subjective vitality in young students. The participants were 890 students (462 males and 428 females) of primary level from the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico, between ages 11 and 13 (M = 11.36; SD = 0.49). The structural equation modeling showed positive and significant associations in all model interrelations, that is, task presentation and the amount of corrective feedback (B = 0.88, p < 0.001), and this in turn with legitimate perception (B = 0.81, p < 0.001); the legitimate perception of feedback and the satisfaction of the need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness (B = 0.63, p < 0.001; B = 0.90, p < 0.001; B = 1.01, p < 0.001, respectively); finally, the satisfaction of the three psychological needs and the subjective vitality (B = 0.12, p < 0.01; B = 0.43, p < 0.001; B = 0.24, p < 0.001, respectively). Therefore, the importance of a quality task presentation, as well as providing corrective feedback based on support for autonomy, is evident, so that students perceive it legitimately and thus facilitate the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs and in consequence, indicators of psychological well-being such as subjective vitality.

Eugenol mitigated acute lung but not spermatic toxicity of C60 fullerene emulsion in mice.

C60 fullerene (C60) is a nano-pollutant that can damage the respiratory system. Eugenol exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We aimed to investigate the time course of C60 emulsion-induced pulmonary and spermatic harms, as well as the effect of eugenol on C60 emulsion toxicity. The first group of mice (protocol 1) received intratracheally C60 emulsion (1.0 mg/kg BW) or vehicle and were tested at 12, 24, 72 and 96 h (F groups) thereafter. The second group of mice (protocol 2) received intratracheally C60 emulsion or vehicle, 1 h later were gavaged with eugenol (150 mg/kg) or vehicle, and experiments were done 24 h after instillation. Lung mechanics, morphology, redox markers, cytokines and epididymal spermatozoa were analyzed. Protocol 1: Tissue damping (G) and elastance (H) were significantly higher in F24 than in others groups, except for H in F72. Morphological and inflammatory parameters were worst at 24 h and subsequently declined until 96 h, whereas redox and spermatic parameters worsened over the whole period. Eugenol eliminated the increase in G, H, cellularity, and cytokines, attenuated oxidative stress induced by C60 exposure, but had no effect on sperm. Hence, exposure to C60 emulsion deteriorated lung morphofunctional, redox and inflammatory characteristics and increased the risk of infertility. Furthermore, eugenol avoided those changes, but did not prevent sperm damage.

A contraindication to orthodontic and endodontic treatment: periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia

ABSTRACT Introduction: The dental pulp is completely normal in teeth with periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia. However, orthodontic and endodontic treatments are contraindicated in cases with this injury. Objective: Present some biological, clinical and imaging reasons opposing these contraindications and questioning which are the real ones impediments and the reasons for the lack of research on the disease, analyzing cases submitted to orthopedic treatment under controlled and ethically approved conditions. Conclusion: The clinician can act safely based in available knowledge and aware of the possible consequences of orthodontic movement in teeth with periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia, as well as in the proper way of making a safe and definitive diagnosis.

RESUMO Introdução: A polpa dentária é completamente normal nos dentes com displasia cemento-óssea periapical. Porém, os tratamentos ortodônticos e endodônticos estão contraindicados nos casos com essa lesão. Objetivo: Apresentar algumas razões biológicas, clínicas e imagiológicas, contrapondo-se essas contraindicações e questionando quais seriam os reais impedimentos e os motivos da falta de pesquisa sobre a doença, analisando casuísticas submetidas ao tratamento ortodôntico sob condições controladas e eticamente aprovadas. Conclusão: O clínico pode agir de forma segura embasado no conhecimento disponível e consciente das possíveis consequências da movimentação ortodôntica nos dentes com displasia cemento-óssea periapical, bem como na forma adequada de se fazer o diagnóstico seguro e definitivo da doença.

Effects of clamping umbilical cord on the neonatal viability of puppies delivered by cesarean section.

In human neonates, when the umbilical cord is kept intact postpartum, blood continues to flow to the neonate, but this procedure might be difficult in dogs owing to a shorter umbilical cord and several neonates in a litter. However, it might be possible to detach the placenta and keep the umbilical cord intact, allowing residual blood to flow to the puppies. This study compared the effects of clamping versus no clamping of the umbilical cord in dogs born by cesarean section on neonatal vitality. The puppies were assessed by Apgar and reflex scores. Fifty puppies delivered from 16 bitches were randomly allocated to receive immediate umbilical cord clamping (n=25) or no clamping for at least 3 min after the onset of breathing (n=25). The puppies were assessed during the first 5 min of life and 10 min after the first assessment. The no clamping group showed significantly higher Apgar scores (second assessment, P<0.01) and reflex scores (first and second assessments, P<0.05) than the clamping group, implying higher vitality in the no clamping group. The differences observed between the moments (first versus second assessment) of each group was significant (P<0.01), revealing higher vitality in the second assessment. The results suggest that keeping the umbilical cord intact for at least 3 min after the onset of breathing may contribute to increased vitality in puppies delivered by cesarean section without any negative consequences.

Associations of alternative operationalizations of job strain with health and well-being outcomes in the same multioccupational worker sample.

OBJECTIVES: The main goal of this study was to evaluate, in a large, occupationally diverse sample of Colombian workers, the association between alternative methods of operationalizing job strain and various health and well-being measures using the original Job Content Instrument (Job Content Questionnaire). We examine whether the specific way job strain is operationalized can explains differing variance in the outcomes. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using self-report instruments. A total of 168 496 workers affiliated with the Colombian General System of Occupational Hazards answered a questionnaire that evaluated demographics, job demands and control, stress symptoms, general and mental health, vitality, job satisfaction, and diagnosis of hypertension. Hierarchical linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Seven different formulations of job strain were used as predictors. RESULTS: Results Differences in operationalization of job strain explained similar and significant percentages of variance in outcomes used in this study. Definition of job strain as cases found within the most extreme quartiles of high demands and low control explained more variance than alternative characterizations of job strain. Job strain definitions were predictive of hypertension, although did not explain additional variance in the model. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of psychological demands and control on health and well-being appears to be additive and not multiplicative. A definition of job strain that takes into account those most at risk in the sample appears have a better predictive value than alternative formulations.

Coaches' Corrective Feedback, Psychological Needs, and Subjective Vitality in Mexican Soccer Players.

In the sport context, an essential aspect of an athlete's development and performance happens during the interaction with the coach while receiving information on the aspects of performance that need to be modified (corrective feedback). Grounded in the Self-Determination Theory and particularly on the basic psychological needs theory, a structural equation model (SEM) was tested with the following sequence: perception of the amount of corrective feedback generated by the coach, perceived legitimacy of corrective feedback, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and vitality in soccer players. Additionally, simple mediation and serial (double) mediation models were also tested. Participants were 377 Mexican soccer players (Maged = 16.46, SD = 1.08), who completed the instruments that evaluated the study variables. SEM results reported positive and significant variables' interrelations in the sequence. The analysis of serial mediation model showed that the perceived legitimacy of feedback and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs fully mediated the relationship between the perception of the amount of corrective feedback generated by the coach and the perception of the subjective vitality of Mexican soccer players. Results suggest that coaches have to ensure that athletes accept the corrective feedback provided and meet their basic psychological needs. Based on SDT tenets, this research highlights the importance for coaches to be aware of the athlete's perceptions when they are providing corrective feedback and their implications for athlete's technical development and well-being. It is suggested to incorporate those aspects to training programs for coaches.

Dietary ractopamine supplementation of pregnant sows: what are the impacts on the neonate?

The use of additives such as ractopamine (Rac) in pregnant sows during early-mid pregnancy is an alternative to increase foetal and progeny growth and development. However, Rac supplementation in finishing pigs can lead to behavioural and physiological changes similar to the typical stress responses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Rac in pregnant sows from day 25 to 50 of gestation (pre-hyperplastic stage) on piglet's vitality, blood parameters, number, diameter and perimeter of muscle fibres in semitendinosus muscle and developmental characteristics of piglets at birth to weaning. Forty-one hybrid sows were divided into three dietary treatments: (1) control diet without Rac (control), (2) addition of 10 mg/kg of Rac (Rac10) and (3) addition of 20 mg/kg of Rac (Rac20). Higher numbers of low-vitality piglets (P<0.05) were observed in Rac-fed sows, regardless of dose, compared with the control group. Very low-density lipoprotein levels were lower in the Rac10 group when compared with the Rac20 group at day 21. Haematocrit was greater, and the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was lower in piglets from Rac-fed sows. No significant statistical differences were detected regarding piglets body weight, average daily gain, blood gasometry, complete blood count and muscle fibre measurements in semitendinosus muscle. The use of Rac in pregnant sows reduced the vitality parameters of piglets but did not improve the performance from birth until weaning and did not negatively influence the haematological parameter and lipid metabolism.

Diagnostic accuracy of dental pulse oximeter with customized sensor holder, thermal test and electric pulp test for the evaluation of pulp vitality: an in vivo study / Precisão diagnóstica do oxímetro de pulso odontológico com suporte de sensor personalizado, teste térmico e teste elétrico da polpa para avaliação da vitalidade pulpar: um estudo in vivo

Background: the efficiency of the diagnostic aids plays an important role in the treatment plan. This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of dental pulse oximeter with a customized sensor holder, thermal test and electric pulp tester in assessing the actual pulp status and to evaluate the oxygen saturation level in control healthy teeth, non-vital and teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Material and methods: thirty-seven single canal teeth requiring endodontic therapy were included in the study. The selected teeth were tested with dental pulse oximeter, electric pulp test, cold spray, and heated gutta percha stick. Between each test a time lag of 2 minutes was allowed for the central sensitization to occur. Three blinded operators were involved in the study. The actual status of the pulp was evaluated after the initiation of endodontic treatment, by direct visual examination of the accessed cavity. The data was statistically analysed using (ANOVA) Analysis of Variance and Post-hoc Tukey test. Results: sensitivity of pulse oximeter, heat test, cold and electric pulp test, was 100, 25, 50, and 12, respectively. The specificity of these tests was 100, 72 81, and 77, respectively. The ANOVA showed that there was statistical difference between all the groups (p=0.0005). Post-Hoc Tukey revealed that there was statistical difference among all the groups, nonvital group (p=0.0005), control group (p=0.01) and for irreversible pulpitis (p=0.01). The overall diagnostic accuracy of pulse oximeter was 100% followed by cold test 66%, heat test to be 49% and electric pulp test to be 45%. Conclusion: the custom-made holder used in the present study aided in providing accurate response for pulp vitality testing. In this study the diagnostic accuracy was high with dental pulse oximeter followed by cold, heat and the least was electric pulp tester in different pulpal conditions. (AU)

Fundamentação: a eficiência dos meios de diagnóstico desempenha um papel importante no plano de tratamento. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a precisão diagnóstica do oxímetro de pulso odontológico com um suporte de sensor personalizado, teste térmico e testador de polpa elétrico na avaliação da condição pulpar e na avaliação do nível de saturação de oxigênio em dentes controle saudáveis, não vitais e dentes com pulpite irreversível. Material e métodos: trinta e sete dentes de canal único que necessitavam de terapia endodôntica foram incluídos no estudo. Os dentes selecionados foram testados com oxímetro de pulso, teste pulpar elétrico, spray frio e bastão de guta-percha aquecido. Entre cada teste, foi permitido um intervalo de tempo de 2 minutos para a sensibilização central ocorrer. Três operadores cegos foram envolvidos no estudo. A condição real da polpa foi avaliada após o início do tratamento endodôntico, por meio de exame visual direto da cavidade de acesso. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste de Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e pelo teste Post-hoc de Tukey. Resultados: a sensibilidade do oxímetro de pulso, teste de calor, de frio e teste pulpar elétrico foi de 100, 25, 50 e 12, respectivamente. A especificidade desses testes foi de 100, 72 81 e 77, respectivamente. O teste de ANOVA mostrou que houve diferença estatística entre todos os grupos (p = 0,0005). O teste Post-Hoc de Tukey revelou que houve diferença estatística entre todos os grupos, grupo não-vital (p = 0,0005), grupo controle (p = 0,01) e pulpite irreversível (p = 0,01). A precisão diagnóstica geral do oxímetro de pulso foi de 100%, seguida pelo teste a frio de 66%, o teste de calor a 49% e o teste pulpar elétrico a 45%. Conclusão: o suporte personalizado utilizado no presente estudo ajudou a fornecer uma resposta precisa para o teste de vitalidade pulpar. Neste estudo, a precisão diagnóstica foi alta com o oxímetro de pulso dental, seguido do teste com frio e calor, sendo o teste elétrico o menos eficaz nas diferentes condições pulpares testadas.(AU)