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1.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 80(2): 127-133, 2020.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32282317

ABSTRACT

Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva may develop in association or independently of HPV infection. The relationship between pathogenesis, classification, immunohistochemical profile and prognosis has been studied in the literature with some discrepancies. The aim of this study was to observe the classical association of keratinizing carcinomas with the absence of HPV infection and warty and basaloid carcinomas with the presence of this virus. Therefore, we reviewed the clinic, morphology, and immunophenotype of 39 cases. The tumors were histologically classified into classic keratinizing squamous carcinoma (30), warty (5) and basaloid (4). In the statistical analysis, diffuse expression with p16 was significantly associated with younger age (p = 0.0025), presence of high-grade intraepithelial lesion (p < 0.0001), koilocytosis (p = 0.02), and morphological subtype (p = 0.02), and was inversely associated with the expression of p53 (p < 0.0001) and the presence of lichen sclerosus (p = 0.0051). It is curious that 4 keratinizing carcinomas of the cases studied presented coexpression of p16 and p53. Only one warty tumor was negative for p16 and positive for p53, and 9 keratinizing tumors were positive for p16 and negative for p53. Although these findings show that the use of hematoxylin and eosin could correctly define tumors associated with HPV, we strongly suggest the performance of immunohistochemistry, especially in squamous keratinizing classic carcinomas in young patients with a history of HPV.


El carcinoma escamoso vulvar puede desarrollarse de manera asociada o independiente a la infección por HPV. La relación entre la patogénesis, la clasificación, el perfil inmunohistoquímico, y el pronóstico ha sido estudiada con algunas discrepancias. El objetivo del trabajo fue observar la concordancia clásicamente descripta que asocia a los carcinomas queratinizantes con la ausencia de infección por HPV y a los carcinomas warty y basaloides con la presencia de dicho virus. Para ello, revisamos la clínica, la morfología y el inmunofenotipo de 39 casos de nuestro hospital. Los tumores fueron clasificados histológicamente en carcinomas escamosos queratinizantes clásicos (30), warty (5) y basaloides (4). En el análisis estadístico la expresión de p16 fue asociada de manera significativa con una edad menor al momento del diagnóstico (p = 0.0025), presencia de lesión intraepitelial escamosa de alto grado (p < 0.0001), coilocitosis (p = 0.02), y subtipo morfológico (p = 0.02); y fue inversamente asociado con la expresión de p53 (p < 0.0001) y con el liquen escleroso (p = 0.0051). Resulta peculiar que, de los casos estudiados, 4 carcinomas queratinizantes coexpresaron p16 y p53. Un solo tumor de tipo warty resultó negativo para p16 y positivo para p53, y 9 queratinizantes resultaron positivos para p16 y negativos para p53. Si bien estos hallazgos indican que con la sola utilización de la hematoxilina y eosina podrían definirse de manera correcta los tumores asociados al HPV, sugerimos fuertemente la realización de inmunohistoquímica, especialmente en carcinomas escamosos queratinizantes en pacientes jóvenes o con historia de HPV.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism , Vulvar Neoplasms/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers, Tumor , Carcinogenesis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Papillomaviridae , Papillomavirus Infections , Vulvar Neoplasms/diagnosis , Warts
2.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; Medicina (B.Aires);80(2): 127-133, abr. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1125052

ABSTRACT

El carcinoma escamoso vulvar puede desarrollarse de manera asociada o independiente a la infección por HPV. La relación entre la patogénesis, la clasificación, el perfil inmunohistoquímico, y el pronóstico ha sido estudiada con algunas discrepancias. El objetivo del trabajo fue observar la concordancia clásicamente descripta que asocia a los carcinomas queratinizantes con la ausencia de infección por HPV y a los carcinomas warty y basaloides con la presencia de dicho virus. Para ello, revisamos la clínica, la morfología y el inmunofenotipo de 39 casos de nuestro hospital. Los tumores fueron clasificados histológicamente en carcinomas escamosos queratinizantes clásicos (30), warty (5) y basaloides (4). En el análisis estadístico la expresión de p16 fue asociada de manera significativa con una edad menor al momento del diagnóstico (p = 0.0025), presencia de lesión intraepitelial escamosa de alto grado (p < 0.0001), coilocitosis (p = 0.02), y subtipo morfológico (p = 0.02); y fue inversamente asociado con la expresión de p53 (p < 0.0001) y con el liquen escleroso (p = 0.0051). Resulta peculiar que, de los casos estudiados, 4 carcinomas queratinizantes coexpresaron p16 y p53. Un solo tumor de tipo warty resultó negativo para p16 y positivo para p53, y 9 queratinizantes resultaron positivos para p16 y negativos para p53. Si bien estos hallazgos indican que con la sola utilización de la hematoxilina y eosina podrían definirse de manera correcta los tumores asociados al HPV, sugerimos fuertemente la realización de inmunohistoquímica, especialmente en carcinomas escamosos queratinizantes en pacientes jóvenes o con historia de HPV.


Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva may develop in association or independently of HPV infection. The relationship between pathogenesis, classification, immunohistochemical profile and prognosis has been studied in the literature with some discrepancies. The aim of this study was to observe the classical association of keratinizing carcinomas with the absence of HPV infection and warty and basaloid carcinomas with the presence of this virus. Therefore, we reviewed the clinic, morphology, and immunophenotype of 39 cases. The tumors were histologically classified into classic keratinizing squamous carcinoma (30), warty (5) and basaloid (4). In the statistical analysis, diffuse expression with p16 was significantly associated with younger age (p = 0.0025), presence of high-grade intraepithelial lesion (p < 0.0001), koilocytosis (p = 0.02), and morphological subtype (p = 0.02), and was inversely associated with the expression of p53 (p < 0.0001) and the presence of lichen sclerosus (p = 0.0051). It is curious that 4 keratinizing carcinomas of the cases studied presented coexpression of p16 and p53. Only one warty tumor was negative for p16 and positive for p53, and 9 keratinizing tumors were positive for p16 and negative for p53. Although these findings show that the use of hematoxylin and eosin could correctly define tumors associated with HPV, we strongly suggest the performance of immunohistochemistry, especially in squamous keratinizing classic carcinomas in young patients with a history of HPV.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Vulvar Neoplasms/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism , Papillomaviridae , Vulvar Neoplasms/diagnosis , Warts , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Biomarkers, Tumor , Papillomavirus Infections , Carcinogenesis
4.
Rev. cuba. obstet. ginecol ; 42(2): 179-188, abr.-jun. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-797739

ABSTRACT

Introducción: en los últimos años se ha incrementado el número de carcinomas de vulva, sobre todo en pacientes menores de 50 años, asociado al incremento del número de casos de neoplasia vulvar intraepitelial. Objetivo: describir nuestra casuística de lesiones invasivas vulvares. Métodos: se realiza una revisión retrospectiva de todas las neoplasias de vulva atendidas en el servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología del Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, España desde 2000 hasta 2013. Resultados: esta serie comprende 38 casos. El carcinoma epidermoide fue la neoplasia más frecuente (78,9 por ciento). La supervivencia fue del 65 por ciento al finalizar el segundo año. La edad, el estado ganglionar, la presencia de márgenes afectos y el estadio tumoral, fueron predictores estadísticamente significativos para la supervivencia global. Conclusiones: la afectación ganglionar es un factor pronóstico importante para la supervivencia global. La elección de una técnica quirúrgica más conservadora disminuye la estancia hospitalaria sin modificar las tasas de recidivas ni la supervivencia(AU)


Introduction: In recent years it the number of vulvar carcinomas has increased, especially in patients younger than 50, associated with the increase of number of cases of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Objective: Describe our casuistic of vulvar neoplasia in the last 14 years and Determine prognostic variables for survival. Methods: Aretrospective review of all vulvar malignancies is conducted for those treated at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Elche University General Hospital, Alicante, Spain, from 2000 to 2013. Results: Our series included 38 patients. The most frequent neoplasm was squamous cell carcinoma (78.9 percent). Global survival at 2 years was 65 percent. Age, lymph node metastasis, involvement of resection margins and tumor stage, were statistically significant predictors for overall survival. Conclusions: Inguino-femoral lymph node status is an important prognostic factors for overall survival. Conservative surgery improves postoperative morbidity without modifying outcomes(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Vulvar Neoplasms/surgery , Vulvar Neoplasms/drug therapy , Survival Analysis
5.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 80(5): 401-404, ago. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-764071

ABSTRACT

El queratoacantoma de vulva es una entidad rara que podría presentar confusión en su diagnóstico con el carcinoma bien diferenciado de células escamosas. Presentamos un caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de queratoacantoma de vulva tratada con resección quirúrgica de la lesión y su seguimiento posterior.


Vulvar keratoacanthoma is a rare disease that may present confusion in diagnosis with well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. We report one patient with vulvar keratoacanthoma, treated by resection surgery of the lesion and her outcome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Vulvar Diseases/diagnosis , Keratoacanthoma/diagnosis , Vulvar Diseases/surgery , Vulvar Diseases/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Keratoacanthoma/surgery , Keratoacanthoma/pathology
6.
Hum Pathol ; 45(5): 917-25, 2014 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24746196

ABSTRACT

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 150 cases of invasive vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, gene copy number status by fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed in a smaller set of samples. Results were correlated with patient's clinical data and prognostic factors. EGFR overexpression (2+ and 3+) was observed on the membrane in 24.66% and 21.33% of all cases, respectively. Higher EGFR expression was associated with depth of invasion (P = .0409) and disease recurrence (P = .0401). Cytoplasm staining was found in 21.33% of the cases and was associated with absence of nodal metastasis (P = .0061) and better survival (P = .0199). Intratumor heterogeneity of EGFR IHC staining was frequently observed (55.33%) and was associated with the presence of nodal metastasis (P = .0207) and tumor invasion (P = .0161). Worse survival outcomes have been demonstrated in tumors with EGFR heterogeneity (P = .0434). EGFR gene status evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization did not correlate with protein expression evaluated by IHC. In conclusion, EGFR cytoplasm staining has no link with poorer outcome; still, this pattern of staining is even more related to better prognosis. EGFR heterogeneity of staining correlated with more aggressive tumors, and presented to be an important marker of poor prognosis in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. The usage of small biopsies or even tissue microarrays for vulvar cancer evaluation should be carefully reconsidered for the assessment of EGFR as the results may be misleading. Protein overexpression may be independent on gene amplification, showing that other molecular mechanisms than copy number variation may regulate protein expression of EGFR in vulvar cancer.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism , ErbB Receptors/biosynthesis , Vulvar Neoplasms/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , DNA Copy Number Variations , ErbB Receptors/genetics , Female , Gene Dosage , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Vulvar Neoplasms/genetics , Vulvar Neoplasms/pathology
7.
Dermatol. argent ; 15(5): 344-349, 2009. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-719837

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El carcinoma de células escamosas de la vulva constituye el 1 al 4 % de los tumores en la mujer, y ocupa el cuarto lugar de las neoplasias del tracto genital femenino. Objetivos. Determinar la incidencia de carcinoma epidermoide de vulva, e identificar el grado de invasión. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional de las pacientes atendidas en el consultorio de patología vulvar durante 4 años y 8 meses. Se estudiaron 28 mujeres con diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de carcinoma de células escamosas. Resultados. Del total de pacientes evaluadas en el consultorio, 6,17% (28) presentó carcinoma de células escamosas. La edad promedio fue de 62,5 años. De las 28 pacientes, el 64,28% (18) presentó carcinoma de células escamosas invasor y el 35,7% (10) VIN, cuatro desarrollados a partir de liquen escleroso, tres con displasia epitelial (VIN diferenciado) y tres con diagnóstico de papulosis bowenoide (VIN usual). Todas las pacientes refirieron como signo predominante prurito y el tabaquismo se detectó en el 60% de los casos. Conclusiones. Se presentan 28 casos de carcinoma epidermoide vulvar: el 64,2 % fue invasor y el 35,7% neoplasia intraepitelial (VIN). De ésta el 70% correspondió a VIN diferenciado y el 30% restante a VIN usual. Esta casuística nos ha permitido conocer la incidencia de neoplasia epitelial vulvar en nuestro medio además de poder diferenciar los grados de invasión y factores patogénicos.


Introduction. The squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva constitutesbetween 1 and 4% of cancers affecting women, occupying fourthplace among neoplasias of the female genital tract.Objetives. To determine the incidence of squamous cell carcinomaof the vulva and identify grade of invasion.Material and methods. An observational retrospective study wasconducted, in which 28 patients were studied with clinical and pathologicaldiagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva.Results. Of the total genital carcinomas in our hospital, the vulvarcarcinomas accounted for 6.17% of the genital tract tumours. Of the28 patients included in the study, 18 invasive carcinomas (64.28%)were detected and 10 vulvar intraepidermal neoplasia (VIN 35.7%).The average age of incidence was 62.5 years. The predominantsymptom was pruritus, and the most significant signs were tumour.In the 10 patients that were diagnosed with VIN, 4 developed froma lichen sclerosus, 3 from epithelial dysplasia and 3 with papulosisbowenoide. 60% of patients were smokers.Conclusions. 28 cases of epidermoide carcinoma of the vulva werestudied resulting in 64.2% invasive and 35.7% VIN. Of the latter, 70%corresponded to differentiated VIN and 30% usual VIN. This casuistryhas permitted us to observe the incidence of squamous cell carcinomain our region, and allowed us to differentiate the grades of invasionand pathogenic factors (Dermatol Argent 2009;15(5):344-349).


Subject(s)
Female , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Vulvar Neoplasms/classification , Vulvar Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma in Situ/pathology , Vulva/pathology
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