Peripheral and brainstem auditory evaluation in post-COVID-19 individuals.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the peripheral and central auditory pathways in adult individuals after COVID-19 infection. METHOD: A total of 44 individuals aged between 19 and 58 years, of both genders, post-COVID-19 infection, confirmed by serological tests, with no previous hearing complaints and no risk factors for hearing loss, were assessed. All the participants underwent the following procedures: pure tone audiometry, logoaudiometry, immitanciometry, and Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEP), in addition to answering a questionnaire about auditory symptoms. RESULTS: Thirteen individuals (29.5 %) had some hearing threshold impairment, mainly sensorineural hearing loss. In the BAEP, 18 individuals (40.9 %) presented longer latencies, mainly in waves III and V. According to the questionnaire answers, 3 individuals (9.1 %) reported worsened hearing and 7 (15.9 %) tinnitus that emerged after the infection. As for the use of ototoxic drugs during treatment, 7 individuals (15.9 %) reported their use, of which 5 showed abnormalities in peripheral and/or central auditory assessments. CONCLUSION: Considering the self-reported hearing complaints after COVID-19 infection and the high rate of abnormalities found in both peripheral and central audiological assessments, it is suggested that the new COVID-19 may compromise the auditory system. Due to the many variables involved in this study, the results should be considered with caution. However, it is essential that audiological evaluations are carried out on post-COVID-19 patients in order to assess the effects of the infection in the short, medium, and long term. Future longitudinal investigations are important for a better understanding of the auditory consequences of COVID-19.

Extended high-frequency hearing loss among Afro-Colombian adolescents from a rural area in Colombia: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: Research trends concerning hearing loss within teen rural populations are limited and current evidence suggests that extended high-frequency audiometry can be a sensitive tool to detect subclinical hearing loss. Moreover, current research emphasises the importance of representing different ethnic populations in science. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of acquired hearing loss through conventional pure-tone (0.25-8 kHz) and extended high frequency (EHF) (9-20 kHz) audiometry in Afro-Colombian adolescents from a rural area in Colombia. DESIGN: Observational, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: 230 Afro-Colombian adolescents aged 13-17 years who attended high school in a rural population from Cartagena, Colombia. INTERVENTIONS: Otoscopic examination, conventional (0.25-8 kHz) and EHF (9-20 kHz) audiometry tests were performed during February-March 2021. Sociodemographic and associated factor questionnaires were also applied to assess probable factors associated with EHF hearing loss. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of acquired hearing loss using conventional and EHF audiometry, and factors associated with hearing loss. RESULTS: Of 230 adolescents who met the eligibility criteria, 133 (57.82%) were female. The mean age was 15.22 years (SD: 1.62). The prevalence of hearing loss in at least one ear assessed with conventional audiometry was 21.30% and with EHF audiometry 14.78%. The main abnormal otoscopic findings included: neotympanum (1.30%), myringosclerosis (0.87%) and monomeric scars (0.43%). Factors associated with a higher probability of EHF hearing loss found through logistic regression were older age (prevalence ratio (PR): 1.45; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.80), attending the 'Picó' four or more times a month (PR: 6.63; 95% CI 2.16 to 20.30), attending bars more than three times a month (PR: 1.14; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.59) and self-reported hearing difficulties (PR: 1.24; 95% CI 1.22 to 4.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that acquired hearing loss is already widespread among this young rural population.

Development of a Website for Disseminating Knowledge About listening Effort for Professionals.

Introduction Permanent education in health aims to ensure that professionals are constantly learning in the workplace and in the last few years institutions resorted to the technology-mediated education modality and new teaching possibilities were explored. In Brazil, between 2017 and 2021, only six articles and five monographs were published about listening effort. Objective The objective of this study was to develop a website with scientific content on the topic listening effort for Speech -Language Therapist and Audiologist with free online access. Methods The study was carried out in five stages: Analysis, contemplating the search for scientific materials to prepare the material. Design, in which the writing and design of the website was carried out. Development, carrying out the adequacy of the online material. Implementation, a stage in which professionals in the area evaluated the quality of the material after consenting to participation through a free and informed consent term. Review, stage in which the researcher analyzed the evaluators' responses. Results The five stages of elaboration of the website were carried out, which was evaluated by professionals in the area. The average of responses to all applied questions rated the website as "superior". Conclusion The website development was validated for online availability.

Valganciclovir in Infants with Hearing Loss and Clinically Inapparent Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of valganciclovir in infants with hearing loss and clinically inapparent congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV), as there is no consensus on treatment of this group. STUDY DESIGN: A nationwide, nonrandomized controlled trial, comparing 6 weeks of oral valganciclovir to no treatment in infants with cCMV, recruited after newborn hearing screening resulted in referral to an audiologist. The choice whether to treat was left to parents of subjects. Eligible subjects were full term infants aged <13 weeks with sensorineural hearing loss and diagnosed with cCMV through dried blood spot testing. The primary outcome, measured by linear and ordinal logistic regression, was change in best-ear hearing from baseline to follow-up at 18-22 months of age. RESULTS: Thirty-seven participants were included in the final analysis, of whom 25 were in the treatment group and 12 in the control group. The majority of subjects in both groups had neuroimaging abnormalities, which were mostly mild. Hearing deterioration was more likely in the control group compared with the treatment group (common OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.02-0.45, P = .003). Mean best-ear hearing deteriorated by 13.7 dB in the control group, compared with improvement of 3.3 dB in the treatment group (difference 17 dB, 95% CI 2.6 - 31.4, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: We investigated treatment in children with hearing loss and clinically inapparent cCMV. Although our study was nonrandomized, it is the first prospective and controlled trial in this population. Valganciclovir-treated children with hearing loss and inapparent cCMV had less hearing deterioration at 18 through 22 months of age than control subjects. EUDRACT REGISTRY NUMBER: 2013-003068-30.

Auditory training for tinnitus treatment: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: Our study aimed to verify the evidence of auditory training employed in the audiological treatment of tinnitus in adults and older adults. METHODS: Scoping review based on a search for articles in journals available in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), LILACS (BVS), and Cochrane Library. Titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles were assessed by peers, following the eligibility criteria; they were afterward read in full text, and the references were hand searched in the results found. Studies' level of evidence was classified into very high (Level A+), high (Level A), moderate (Level B), limited (Level C), low (Level D), or very low (Level D-) based on the Critically Appraised Topics. RESULTS: 2160 records were identified in the searching stage and 15 studies were eligible for data extraction. Study design, sample characterization, auditory training tasks, sound stimuli, outcome measures, and results were extracted. Frequency discrimination training was the most frequent strategy, followed by auditory attentional skills training and multisensory training. Almost all studies with daily auditory training sessions reported significant benefits demonstrated in at least one outcome measure. Studies that used auditory discrimination training and attentional auditory skill stimulation to treat tinnitus obtained quality evidence levels ranging from limited to high (C‒A) and studies that applied multisensory training or attentional training combined with counseling and passive listening in tinnitus patients reached a high-quality evidence level (A). CONCLUSION: Recent studies had higher levels of evidence and considered attentional factors and multisensory pathways in auditory training strategies.

Complications and audiological results of percutaneous bone-anchored hearing devices.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the post-operative complications and audiological results related to percutaneous bone-anchored hearing devices. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of 44 patients with bilateral conductive or mixed hearing loss who were implanted with unilateral Baha Connect or Ponto devices. A generalised linear model for repeated measurements was used. RESULTS: Twenty patients were Baha Connect users, and 24 were implanted with Ponto devices. Twenty-seven patients experienced complications. No fewer complications were found in the group of patients using longer abutments. When we compared the frequency of complications between Ponto and Baha Connect users, there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.90). Free-field hearing thresholds were statistically significantly improved when we compared pre- and post-operative results (p < 0.001). Average speech perception also improved (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Despite percutaneous bone-anchored hearing devices having a high rate of complications, they provide significant audiological benefits.

Use of masks in the oral communication of hearing device users / Uso de máscara na comunicação oral para usuários de dispositivos auxiliares à audição

ABSTRACT Purpose: to assess the influence of wearing a mask on auditory-visual speech recognition, in a favorable listening situation, in hearing devices users. Methods: a cross-sectional observational study comprising 52 hearing aid users, whose speech recognition was assessed with six video-recorded lists of sentences with and without masks. The mean test results in the various situations were compared using the Friedman test with Bonferroni post hoc, the significance level being set at 5%. Results: speech recognition assessment results differed between the situations with and without masks and between mask types, with a small effect size. The post hoc, with p-values adjusted with the Bonferroni method, showed a difference between transparent masks and others. The transparent one had a higher mean (77.8%) of auditory-visual sentence recognition between the various situations. There were statistically significant differences, as the transparent mask provided a better performance than the others. Conclusion: the auditory-visual recognition of the hearing-impaired people was better with the transparent mask.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a influência do uso de máscara no reconhecimento auditivo-visual de fala, em situação de escuta favorável, em usuários de dispositivos eletrônicos auxiliares à audição (DEAA). Métodos: estudo observacional transversal. Participaram 52 usuários de dispositivos auxiliares à audição que realizaram avaliação do reconhecimento de fala com seis listas de frases apresentadas em vídeo com e sem máscaras. Para comparar as médias dos resultados do teste nas diferentes situações, foi aplicado o Teste de Friedman, com pos-hoc de Bonferroni e nível de significância 5%. Resultados: houve diferença dos resultados da avaliação de reconhecimento de fala entre as diferentes situações, com e sem máscara, assim como entre os tipos de máscara, com tamanho de efeito de pequeno. O post-hoc, com valor de p ajustado pelo método de Bonferroni, mostrou diferença entre a máscara transparente e as demais. A máscara transparente apresentou maior média (77,8%) do reconhecimento auditivo-visual nas sentenças utilizadas entre as situações. Foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes com desempenho superior da máscara transparente em relação aos outros tipos de máscaras. Conclusão: conclui-se que o reconhecimento auditivo-visual para os deficientes auditivos foi melhor com a máscara transparente.

Scientific research about tinnitus in Brazil: An observational compilation / Pesquisas científicas sobre zumbido no Brasil: Um compilado observacional

ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify the profile of tinnitus research in Brazil and the main procedures adopted by professionals in the field in the national territory. Methods: an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, in which an active search was made on digital platforms to identify researchers in Brazil who have tinnitus as a study focus. After identifying the tinnitus study groups, an online Form was sent to the researchers comprising 21 questions, so as to know the works in development. The collected responses were extracted and tabulated intoMicrosoft Excel Professional Plus2019 through the absolute and relative frequency measurements of the final sample. Results: 117 researchers were identified, of these, 21 participated in the study, being (90.5%) females, specifically from public universities (81%) in the Southeast region of Brazil (47.7%). These professionals develop clinical research (76.1%), focusing on therapies and/or treatments (38.1%), and use sound therapy (52.38%) as the main technological resource of their studies. Conclusion: the research profile is clinical, with a main focus on therapies and/or treatments for tinnitus. As for the procedures, there is a predominant application of the Visual Analogue Scale- VAS and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory- THI as evaluation protocols and sound therapy as the main technological resource of their studies.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o perfil das pesquisas sobre zumbido realizadas no Brasil e os principais procedimentos adotados pelos profissionais da área em território nacional. Métodos: estudo de caráter observacional, descritivo e transversal, em que foi feita uma busca ativa em plataformas digitais para identificar pesquisadores no Brasil que têm o zumbido como foco de estudo. Após a identificação dos grupos de estudo sobre zumbido, foi enviado aos pesquisadores um formulário online composto por 21 questões, com o intuito de conhecer os trabalhos em desenvolvimento. As respostas coletadas foram extraídas e tabuladas no Microsoft Excel professional plus 2019 por meio das medidas de frequência absoluta e relativa da amostra final. Resultados: foram identificados 117 pesquisadores, destes, 21 participaram do estudo, sendo (90,5%) do sexo feminino, especificamente de universidades públicas (81%) da região Sudeste do Brasil (47,7%). Esses profissionais desenvolvem pesquisas clínicas (76,1%), com foco em terapias e/ou tratamentos (38,1%) e utilizam a terapia sonora (52,38%) como recurso tecnológico principal de seus estudos. Conclusão: o perfil das pesquisas é do tipo clínico, com foco principal em terapias e/ou tratamentos para o zumbido. Quanto aos procedimentos, há o predomínio de aplicação da Escala Visual Analógica- EVA e do Tinnitus Handicap Inventory-THI como protocolos de avaliação e a terapia sonora como recurso tecnológico principal de seus estudos.

Auditory training for tinnitus treatment: a scoping review

Abstract Objectives Our study aimed to verify the evidence of auditory training employed in the audiological treatment of tinnitus in adults and older adults. Methods Scoping review based on a search for articles in journals available in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), LILACS (BVS), and Cochrane Library. Titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles were assessed by peers, following the eligibility criteria; they were afterward read in full text, and the references were hand searched in the results found. Studies' level of evidence was classified into very high (Level A+), high (Level A), moderate (Level B), limited (Level C), low (Level D), or very low (Level D−) based on the Critically Appraised Topics. Results 2160 records were identified in the searching stage and 15 studies were eligible for data extraction. Study design, sample characterization, auditory training tasks, sound stimuli, outcome measures, and results were extracted. Frequency discrimination training was the most frequent strategy, followed by auditory attentional skills training and multisensory training. Almost all studies with daily auditory training sessions reported significant benefits demonstrated in at least one outcome measure. Studies that used auditory discrimination training and attentional auditory skill stimulation to treat tinnitus obtained quality evidence levels ranging from limited to high (C‒A) and studies that applied multisensory training or attentional training combined with counseling and passive listening in tinnitus patients reached a high-quality evidence level (A). Conclusion Recent studies had higher levels of evidence and considered attentional factors and multisensory pathways in auditory training strategies.

Service guidelines, models, and protocols for integrating rehabilitation services in primary healthcare in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa: a scoping review.

PURPOSE: The WHO emphasises that rehabilitation services must be integrated into primary healthcare as an inherent part of universal health coverage. However, there is limited research on the integration of rehabilitation services in primary healthcare in low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe the literature on service guidelines, models, and protocols that support the integration of rehabilitation services in primary healthcare in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). METHODS: A scoping review guided by Arksey and O'Malley's framework was conducted. Structured database and website searches identified published and unpublished records from 2010, which were subjected to eligibility criteria. Mendeley, JBI SUMARI, and Microsoft Excel were used to extract and synthesise the data. RESULTS: The search strategy identified 542 records. Thirty-two records met the inclusion criteria. Shared care and community-based rehabilitation were the most reported practice models, and the implementation of the models, guidelines, and protocols was mostly described in mental health services. CONCLUSION: This review discusses BRICS countries' rehabilitation service guidelines, models, and protocols for primary healthcare integration and implementation challenges. Rehabilitation professionals should rethink, realign, and apply existing models because of the lack of primary healthcare integration directives.

The integration of rehabilitation services in low-resourced and remote settings can be improved by involving community health workers and community rehabilitation workers in transdisciplinary teams.Peer support workers and community health workers can improve rehabilitation outcomes, particularly through shared care models that emphasize peer-to-peer learning, mentoring, and coaching.Self-management interventions can have a positive impact on functional outcomes.Integrated rehabilitation services in primary healthcare can be supported through community-based rehabilitation, which emphasises community involvement and engagement.

The P300 Auditory Evoked Potential in Cochlear Implant Users: A Scoping Review

Abstract Introduction The P300 auditory evoked potential is a long-latency cortical potential evoked with auditory stimulation, which provides information on neural mechanisms underlying the central auditory processing. Objectives To identify and gather scientific evidence regarding the P300 in adult cochlear implant (CI) users. Data Synthesis A total of 87 articles, 20 of which were selected for this study, were identified and exported to the Rayyan search software. Those 20 articles did not propose a homogeneous methodology, which made comparison more difficult. Most articles (60%) in this review compare CI users with typical hearing people, showing prolonged P300 latency in CI users. Among the studies, 35% show that CI users present a smaller P300 amplitude. Another variable is the influence of the kind of stimulus used to elicit P300, which was prolonged in 30% of the studies that used pure tone stimuli, 10% of the studies that used pure tone and speech stimuli, and 60% of the studies that used speech stimuli. Conclusion This review has contributed with evidence that shows the importance of applying a controlled P300 protocol to diagnose and monitor CI users. Regardless of the stimuli used to elicit P300, we noticed a pattern in the increase in latency and decrease in amplitude in CI users. The user's experience with the CI speech processor over time and the speech test results seem to be related to the P300 latency and amplitude measurements.

The P300 Auditory Evoked Potential in Cochlear Implant Users: A Scoping Review.

Introduction The P300 auditory evoked potential is a long-latency cortical potential evoked with auditory stimulation, which provides information on neural mechanisms underlying the central auditory processing. Objectives To identify and gather scientific evidence regarding the P300 in adult cochlear implant (CI) users. Data Synthesis A total of 87 articles, 20 of which were selected for this study, were identified and exported to the Rayyan search software. Those 20 articles did not propose a homogeneous methodology, which made comparison more difficult. Most articles (60%) in this review compare CI users with typical hearing people, showing prolonged P300 latency in CI users. Among the studies, 35% show that CI users present a smaller P300 amplitude. Another variable is the influence of the kind of stimulus used to elicit P300, which was prolonged in 30% of the studies that used pure tone stimuli, 10% of the studies that used pure tone and speech stimuli, and 60% of the studies that used speech stimuli. Conclusion This review has contributed with evidence that shows the importance of applying a controlled P300 protocol to diagnose and monitor CI users. Regardless of the stimuli used to elicit P300, we noticed a pattern in the increase in latency and decrease in amplitude in CI users. The user's experience with the CI speech processor over time and the speech test results seem to be related to the P300 latency and amplitude measurements.

Evolução e desfecho de casos de violência intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes: enfoque fonoaudiológico / Evolution and outcome of cases of intrafamily violence against children and adolescents: Speech, Language Pathology and Audiology approach / Evolución y desenlace de los casos de violencia intrafamiliar contra niños y adolescentes: enfoque de logopedia

Objetivo: investigar as alterações fonoaudiológicas encontradas em casos de violência intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes, bem como analisar a evolução e o desfecho dos casos atendidos por fonoaudiólogos. Método: Estudo transversal, produzido por meio da aplicação de questionários com fonoaudiólogos clínicos que atendiam a crianças e adolescentes nos estados do Paraná e Santa Catarina. A exploração dos dados foi pautada na metodologia de Análise do Conteúdo (AC). Resultados: Dos 75 fonoaudiólogos pesquisados, 52% atenderam a crianças e/ou adolescentes suspeitos ou confirmados de sofrerem violência. Deste número, 59,5% dos profissionais continuaram acompanhado os casos e 40,5% descontinuaram o acompanhamento. Conclusão: As alterações na linguagem foi a queixa fonoaudiológica mais encontrada nas vítimas. Em muitos casos não foi possível obter informações sobre o desfecho da situação de violência, devido ao abandono do trabalho fonoaudiológico. Nas situações com desfechos favoráveis, este acontecimento ocorreu devido à remoção do agressor do contexto familiar, o acompanhamento de todos os envolvidos ou o encaminhamento da vítima para tratamentos interdisciplinares. Com relação ao desenrolar da queixa fonoaudiológica, os casos que tiveram evolução, foram os acompanhados de maneira interdisciplinar, principalmente com tratamento psicólogo dos envolvidos. Pode-se notar, também, que os profissionais que relacionaram a queixa fonoaudiológica com a situação de violência atuaram de forma mais humanizada, olhando o sujeito como um todo, permitindo o seu progresso terapêutico. (AU)

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the speech-language disorders found in cases of domestic violence against children and adolescents and to analyze the evolution and outcome of cases assisted by Speech, Language Pathology and Audiology professionals. Methods: Cross-sectional study, produced through the application of questionnaires to clinical Speech, Language Pathology and Audiology professionals who assisted children and adolescents in the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina. Data exploration was based on the Content Analysis methodology. Results: Of the 75 Speech, Language Pathology and Audiology professionals surveyed, 52% assisted children and/or adolescents suspected or confirmed to be victims of violence. Regarding this number, 59.5% of the professionals continued to monitor the cases, and 40.5% discontinued the follow-up. Conclusion: Language changes comprised the speech-language pathology complaint most found in the victims. In many cases, it was not possible to obtain information about the outcome of the situation of violence due to the abandonment of Speech, Language Pathology and Audiology work. In situations with favorable outcomes, this event occurred due to the removal of the aggressor from the family context, the monitoring of all those involved, or the referral of the victim to interdisciplinary treatments. Regarding the development of the speech-language pathology complaint, the cases that evolved were followed up in an interdisciplinary manner, mainly with psychological treatment for those involved. Professionals who related the speech-language pathology complaint to the situation of violence acted more humanely, looking at the subjects as a whole and allowing their therapeutic progress. (AU)

Propósito: investigar los trastornos del habla y el lenguaje encontrados en casos de violencia doméstica contra niños y adolescentes, así como analizar la evolución y el rechazo de dos casos tratados por logopedas. Método: Estudio transversal, producido a través de la aplicación de cuestionarios con logopedas clínicos que atendían a niños y adolescentes en los estados de Paraná y Santa Catarina. La exploración de datos se basó en la metodología de Análisis de Contenido (CA). Resultados: De los 75 fonoaudiólogos encuestados, el 52% asiste a niños y/o adolescentes sospechosos o confirmados de ser víctimas de violencia. De ese número, 59,5% de los profesionales continuaron con el acompañamiento de los casos y 40,5% interrumpieron el seguimiento. Conclusión: Los cambios en el lenguaje fueron la queja de patología del habla y lenguaje más frecuente en las víctimas. En muchos casos no fue posible obtener información sobre el desenlace de la situación de violencia, debido al abandono del trabajo logopédico. En situaciones con resultados favorables, este evento se produjo por la separación del agresor del contexto familiar, el seguimiento de todos los implicados o la derivación de la víctima a tratamientos interdisciplinarios. En cuanto a la evolución del cuadro patológico del habla-lenguaje, los casos que evolucionaron fueron seguidos de manera interdisciplinaria, principalmente con tratamiento psicológico para los involucrados. También se puede notar que los profesionales que relacionaron la denuncia de fonoaudiología con la situación de violencia actuaron de forma más humana, mirando al sujeto como un todo, permitiendo su progreso terapéutico.(AU)

The Promotion of Hearing Health through Wikipedia Campaigns: Article Quality and Reach Assessment.

This case study examined the feasibility, reach, and potential impact of using Wikipedia as a tool for hearing health promotion. Activities involved editing existing Portuguese-language Wikipedia hearing health articles, as well as translating English-language hearing health articles to Portuguese during the Wiki4WorldHearingDay2019 and Wiki4YearOfSound2020 online campaigns. The Wikipedia efforts that took place in Brazil were carried out by 10 volunteer undergraduate students in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology at the Federal University of Santa Catarina, in Brazil. Among new and existing Wikipedia articles, the group edited 37 articles, which attracted more than 220,000 views during the set tracking period. Students were responsible for 60% of the Portuguese-language edits during the Wiki4WorldHearingDay2019 campaign and more than 90% of the Portuguese-language edits during the first half of the Wiki4YearOfSound2020 campaign. Moreover, the quality indexes for pages either created or edited were improved in all situations by registering an increase rate ranging from 33% to 100%. Wikipedia-centered activities expanded the availability of quality scientific content, written in plain language, to the public. Students worked together in order to select topics, assess existing information, validate it, create new content, and share information-steps that contributed to the mission of health promotion and knowledge dissemination for the benefit of society.

Standardization of Latency and Amplitude Values of Short, Middle and Long Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials in Adults

Abstract Introduction Auditory processing refers to the efficiency and effectiveness with which the central auditory nervous system uses auditory information. Middle- and long-latency auditory evoked potentials are objective electrophysiological tests that can complement the diagnosis of alterations involving central auditory processing. Objectives To standardize latency and amplitude values for short-, middle-, and long-latency auditory evoked potentials in adults with normal hearing thresholds. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Thirty-three adults with normal hearing thresholds, without hearing complaints, and with normal central auditory processing were evaluated. All underwent basic audiological evaluation, central auditory processing assessment, and short-, middle-, and long-latency auditory evoked potentials. Results Absolute latency and interpeak values for middle- and long-latency auditory evoked potentials were lower than internationally suggested. However, for the brainstem auditory evoked potential, the means were within the range considered as normal, as suggested in the equipment. Conclusions The present study provided measurements of normal latencies and amplitudes for short-, middle-, and long-latency auditory evoked potentials in adults.

Mismatch Negativity in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract Introduction Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have abnormalities in auditory perception and sensitivity. The mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the evoked potential demonstrates a brain detection response to an auditory change due to memory, and enables the identification of changes in the auditory system. Objectives To analyze MMN responses in children and adolescents with ASD and compare them with those of a control group. Methods Cross-sectional and comparative study. The sample was composed of 68 children and adolescents, divided into study group (SG), which contained those diagnosed with ASD, and the control group (CG), which contained those with typical development, normal hearing thresholds, and without hearing complaints. All participants were submitted to peripheral and central electrophysiological auditory evaluations. For the electrophysiological auditory evaluation and MMN recording, the electrodes were fixed in the following positions: Fz (active electrode), M1 and M2 (reference electrodes), and on the forehead (ground electrode). Auditory stimuli were presented in both ears simultaneously, with a frequency of 1,000 Hz for the frequent stimulus, and of 2,000 Hz for the rare stimulus, in an intensity of 80 dBNA. Results Latency and amplitude values were increased in the SG, with a statistically significant difference in comparison with the CG. In the MMN analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in the comparison between right and left ears and between genders. Conclusions Children and adolescents with ASD had higher latency and amplitude values in the MMN component than the individuals in the CG.

Mismatch Negativity in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Introduction Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have abnormalities in auditory perception and sensitivity. The mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the evoked potential demonstrates a brain detection response to an auditory change due to memory, and enables the identification of changes in the auditory system. Objective To analyze MMN responses in children and adolescents with ASD and compare them with those of a control group. Methods Cross-sectional and comparative study. The sample was composed of 68 children and adolescents, divided into study group (SG), which contained those diagnosed with ASD, and the control group (CG), which contained those with typical development, normal hearing thresholds, and without hearing complaints. All participants were submitted to peripheral and central electrophysiological auditory evaluations. For the electrophysiological auditory evaluation and MMN recording, the electrodes were fixed in the following positions: Fz (active electrode), M1 and M2 (reference electrodes), and on the forehead (ground electrode). Auditory stimuli were presented in both ears simultaneously, with a frequency of 1,000 Hz for the frequent stimulus, and of 2,000 Hz for the rare stimulus, in an intensity of 80 dBNA. Results Latency and amplitude values were increased in the SG, with a statistically significant difference in comparison with the CG. In the MMN analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in the comparison between right and left ears and between genders. Conclusion Children and adolescents with ASD had higher latency and amplitude values in the MMN component than the individuals in the CG.

Standardization of Latency and Amplitude Values of Short, Middle and Long Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials in Adults.

Introduction Auditory processing refers to the efficiency and effectiveness with which the central auditory nervous system uses auditory information. Middle- and long-latency auditory evoked potentials are objective electrophysiological tests that can complement the diagnosis of alterations involving central auditory processing. Objective To standardize latency and amplitude values for short-, middle-, and long-latency auditory evoked potentials in adults with normal hearing thresholds. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Thirty-three adults with normal hearing thresholds, without hearing complaints, and with normal central auditory processing were evaluated. All underwent basic audiological evaluation, central auditory processing assessment, and short-, middle-, and long-latency auditory evoked potentials. Results Absolute latency and interpeak values for middle- and long-latency auditory evoked potentials were lower than internationally suggested. However, for the brainstem auditory evoked potential, the means were within the range considered as normal, as suggested in the equipment. Conclusion The present study provided measurements of normal latencies and amplitudes for short-, middle-, and long-latency auditory evoked potentials in adults.

Potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefálico em indivíduos com doença de Parkinson: revisão de literatura / Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in individuals with Parkinson's disease: literature review

Objetivo: investigar a integridade da via auditiva por meio do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (PEATE) em indivíduos com Doença de Parkinson (DP) por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Métodos: foram utilizadas as bases de dados Embase, Google acadêmico, Scielo, bem como o portal eletrônico completo da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde, com os seguintes descritores: DP (Parkinson Disease ou Parkinsonian Disorders) e PEATE (Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ou Evoked Potentials, Auditory). Foram selecionados artigos nacionais e internacionais, sem limitação de ano ou idioma. Os estudos foram descritos e analisados qualitativamente e quantitativamente quanto à latência absoluta e à amplitude das ondas I, III e V, e quanto aos interpicos I-III, III-V e I-V. Resultados: após exclusão dos títulos repetidos, 420 artigos foram encontrados, sendo que 17 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Nos resultados do PEATE, estudos descreveram o aumento da latência de todas as ondas, principalmente das ondas III e V e, também, aumento dos interpicos I-V e III-V. Conclusão: indivíduos com DP apresentam neurodegeneração das vias auditivas centrais com diminuição na velocidade de transmissão neural do estímulo acústico.

Purpose: investigate the integrity of the auditory pathway through the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential (BAEP) in individuals with Parkinson's Disease (PD) through an integrative literature review. Methods: Embase, Academic Google, Scielo databases were used, as well as the complete electronic portal of the Virtual Health Library, with the following descriptors: PD (Parkinson Disease or Parkinsonian Disorders) and BAEP (Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem or Evoked Potentials, Auditory). National and international articles were selected, without limitation of year or language. The studies were described and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively regarding the absolute latency and amplitude of waves I, III and V, and regarding the interpeaks I-III, III-V and I-V. Results: After excluding repeated titles, 420 articles were found, however only 17 met the inclusion criteria. In the ABR results, studies described the increase in latency of all waves, especially waves III and V, and also an increase in interpeaks I-V and III-V. Conclusion: individuals with PD present neurodegeneration of the central auditory pathways with a decrease in the neural transmission speed of the acoustic stimulus.

Time trend of audiological procedures in the Brazilian Public Health System / Tendência temporal de procedimentos audiológicos no Sistema Único de Saúde

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the time trend of audiological procedures in the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) between 2008 and 2019 in the geographical regions of Brazil. Methods: a time series ecological study with data on audiological procedures from the SUS Outpatient Information System. The study calculated annual indices of audiological procedures with joinpoint regression for the trend analysis. The progress in the provision of procedures between the initial and final years in the series and the distribution of identified records was calculated. Results: altogether, 38,500,404 records were found in the study period. The South (178.84/10,000 inhabitants) and North of Brazil (130.97/10,000 inhabitants), respectively, had the highest and lowest mean procedure indices. Both were the only regions with a trend towards a significant increase in procedures. In Brazil, they increased by 56.91%, with an emphasis on the increase in "otoacoustic evoked emissions in neonatal hearing screening" and a decrease in "visual reinforcement audiometry (air/bone conduction)." In the distribution, procedures concentrated on basic audiological assessments. Conclusion: audiological procedures have increased at SUS, but there are discrepancies between procedures and geographical regions of Brazil.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a tendência temporal de procedimentos audiológicos no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), entre 2008 e 2019, nas regiões geográficas brasileiras. Métodos: estudo ecológico de série temporal, com dados de procedimentos audiológicos do Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais do SUS. Foram calculadas taxas anuais de procedimentos audiológicos, utilizando-se a regressão Joinpoint para análise de tendência. Calculou-se a evolução da oferta destes procedimentos entre os anos inicial e final da série e a distribuição dos registros identificados. Resultados: foram localizados 38.500.404 registros no período investigado. Verificou-se que as regiões Sul (178,84/10.000 habitantes) e Norte (130,97/10.000 habitantes) apresentaram a maior e a menor taxa média de procedimentos, respectivamente. Ambas foram as únicas regiões que exibiram tendências de aumento significativo na realização dos procedimentos. No Brasil, a oferta dos procedimentos demonstrou uma evolução positiva de 56,91%, com destaque para crescimento de "emissões otoacústicas evocadas para triagem auditiva (teste da orelhinha)" e queda de "audiometria de reforço visual (via aérea/óssea)". Na distribuição, houve concentração de procedimentos da avaliação audiológica básica. Conclusão: a realização de procedimentos audiológicos no SUS revela aumento, mas evidencia discrepâncias nas regiões geográficas brasileiras e nos procedimentos executados.