Cultural values, parenting and child adjustment in Colombia.

This study examined associations of mothers' and fathers' individualism, collectivism and conformity values with parenting (warmth, rules/limit-setting, knowledge solicitation and expectations regarding children's family obligations) and child internalising and externalising behaviours in Colombia. Mothers, fathers and children (N = 100) from Medellín, Colombia were interviewed when children were, on average, 10 years old. Higher maternal collectivism and conformity values were associated with higher maternal warmth and fewer child externalising problems, whereas higher paternal collectivism was associated with lower maternal warmth and more child externalising problems. Fathers' cultural values also were related to their expectations regarding children's family obligations. The findings suggest differences in how mothers' and fathers' cultural values are related to parenting and child adjustment in Colombia, as well as the need to examine cultural values beyond individualism, collectivism and conformity values.

Mental Health Factors That Guide Individuals to Engage in Overconsumption Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Study Between USA and Ecuador.

Background: This study tests a framework that examines the role of several mental health factors (mood, wellbeing, health consciousness, and hoarding) on individuals' overconsumption behavior under the novel coronavirus context. This examination is relevant to public health literature because it increases our knowledge on how the context of COVID-19 pandemic affects people's mental health and provides answers to why individuals engage in overconsumption behavior. Additionally, this research also follows a cross-cultural perspective aiming to understand how individuals from different cultural orientations cope with the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that compares samples from two countries: Ecuador (n = 334) and USA (n = 321). Data was collected via an online survey. The timing of data collection was set during the mandatory lockdowns and social distance measures taken by both countries to fight against the COVID-19 virus breakout. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to test the theorized framework. Multi-group analysis was used to explore cultural orientation differences among the relationships included in the model. Results: The results indicate that individuals' mood state has a positive relationship with health consciousness, as people try to regulate their health concerns by maintaining positive perceptions of their subjective wellbeing. Further, the increased concern individuals express in their health is responsible for them to engage in overconsumption behavior. Cultural orientation (individualism vs. collectivism) moderates the relationship between mood and health consciousness. No moderation effect was found for the relationship between health consciousness and overconsumption. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has generated negative effects in individuals' mental health. Findings from this study suggest that maintaining a positive mood is important for individuals at the time of mandatory lockdowns, and this effort is related to a greater concern and awareness of their health. Further, health consciousness is responsible to stimulate overconsumption behavior. This chain of effects can be explained by individuals' interest in their wellbeing. Culture plays a role in these effects. People from individualistic countries (USA) compared to people from collectivistic countries (Ecuador) demonstrate greater motivation in maintaining their positive mood by showing greater health consciousness.

Ethnic Identity and Well-Being of Andean Indigenous People: The Effect of Individualistic and Collectivist Value Orientations.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the mediating effect of the value orientations of collectivism and individualism on the relationship between ethnic identity and well-being, the latter conceived from the worldview of Andean natives. For this purpose, under an observational and cross-sectional design, 395 Lickan-Antay adults (57% women) living in areas of indigenous development and in two cities in northern Chile were surveyed. We used the Lickan-Antay BLA32 well-being scale, a short version of the Portrait 21 Values Questionnaire to measure individualistic and collectivistic values, and an adapted version of the Ethnic Identity Scale. The results show that ethnic identity had a direct positive effect on all three dimensions of well-being (harmony with community life, ethnic harmony and harmony with nature), and total indirect effects on all five dimensions of well-being, one of them originating mainly from collectivist orientations. Individualistic orientations also showed a positive, though less intense, mediating effect on well-being. We conclude that collectivist and individualistic motivational patterns coexist in Lickan-Antay natives and explain an important part of the relationship between ethnic identity and well-being. Finally, we discuss our results and suggest replication of this study in other ethnic contexts to assess the generalizability of these findings to other native peoples of the Andean region of South America.

Implementação de grupos de acolhimento em um centro de atenção psicossocial álcool e outras drogas / Implementation of host groups in a psychosocial care center for alcohol and other drugs

A implementação de grupos de acolhimento em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras Drogas, com o aporte da equipe multiprofissional, propõe o conhecimento acerca do acompanhamento no serviço ao usuário e oferece maiores informações acerca da his-tória de vida do indivíduo ao profissional. Acredita-se que possa contribuir positivamente na reabilitação do usuário, possibilitando novas perspectivas e objetivos de vida a ele. O estudo objetiva conhecer e compreender a implantação e implementação de grupos de aco-lhimento em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras Drogas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa narrativa acerca do processo de implantação e implementação do acolhimento grupal no serviço de saúde mental. Foram realizados cinco reuniões e um seminário com a equipe para pensar e estruturar a formulação dos grupos de acolhimento. Três grupos de acolhimento foram formulados e implementados no serviço, sendo eles: "Quem sou eu", objetivando conhecer os usuários e as suas histórias de vida; "Conhecendo um CAPS AD", buscando maior entendimento acerca do serviço e compreendendo como se dá o acom-panhamento e o tratamento; "O que eu gosto de fazer", propondo-se a conhecer melhor os gostos individuais e as atividades diárias realizadas pelos usuários. Conclui-se que os grupos possibilitaram maior adesão dos usuários ao serviço e um fortalecimento do pro-cesso de escuta ativa nas trocas sociais, no vínculo terapêutico e na construção do Plano Terapêutico Singular.

The implementation of host groups in a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and other Drugs, supported by a multidisciplinary team, proposes to monitor the service to the user and provide professionals with more information on the individual's life. It is believed to contribute positively to the rehabilitation of the users, providing them with new perspec-tives and life goals. The study aims to know and understand the design and implementation of host groups in a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Other Drugs. This narrative research focuses on the process of implementing host groups in the mental health service. Five meetings and a seminar were held with the team to think and structure the implemen-tation of the host groups. Three host groups were designed and implemented in the service: "Who am I", which aims to get to know the users and their life stories; "Knowing a CAPS AD", which aims at a greater understanding of the service and understanding how moni-toring and treatment occur; "What I like to do", proposing to get to know better the indi-vidual tastes and the daily activities of the users. The groups promoted a better adhesion of users to the service. They also strengthened the active listening process in social exchang-es, therapeutic bonds, and the construction of the Singular Therapeutic Plan.

Self-Construal Differences in Chile and South Korea: A Brief Report.

Latin American and East Asian cultures are generally considered to be collectivistic cultures. However, there are very few cross-cultural studies contrasting these two cultures against each other, as most studies in this field compare them to Western culture. Self-construal is one of the most used constructs to explain cultural differences, elucidating whether individuals of a cultural group see themselves as independent of their environment and others, focusing on personal motivations, or interdependent of others and their context, recognizing their role within it. This study intends to compare the self-construal of Chileans and South Koreans and observe the variability in the presence of these dimensions in these two cultures. A total of 200 participants from Chile and South Korea responded to the Self-Construal Scale. Chileans presented significantly higher scores on independent and interdependent self-construal simultaneously when compared to South Koreans. Also, Chileans presented higher scores on independent self-construal than on interdependent self-construal, while Koreans did not show a preference for either dimension. These results are consistent with previous studies on Chileans, implying that not all Latin American countries would adhere to collectivism.

An examination of attributes and barriers to adopt biomass and solar technology. A cross-cultural approach.

This research is primarily aimed at analyzing the most favorable and unfavorable characteristics considered by consumers contemplating the adoption of biomass and solar energy technologies. The pro-environmental behavior, the level of anthropocentrism and ecocentrism in three different cultures are also analyzed using the New Ecological Paradigm scale. Based on a sample of 489 respondents collected by questionnaire, it finds the predominant view in the three cultures is ecocentrism. However, the study has allowed us to discover significant differences in the factors that stimulate or inhibit consumption in Spain, Germany and Mexico. Limitations of the study and the avenues for future research are also discussed.

Rebound Effect, Fast Adaptation to Social Change or Cultural Continuity among Two Generations of Hungarians / Efecto de Rebote, Rápida Adaptación al Cambio Social o Contiuidad Cultural entre Dos Generaciones de Húngaros

Abstract The aim of the present research was to reveal what kind of values, self-conceptualisation and beliefs of personhood characterize two generations of Hungarians, almost three decades after the socio-political changes from socialism to capitalist market economy. Participants were high school students (N = 239) and adults (N = 122). Value-orientation was measured using the Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ, Schwartz et al., 2001), beliefs of personhood were measured by the Lay Contextualism Scale (Owe et al., 2013). Self-construals were measured in case of the high school students by using 23 items from Gudykunst et al. (1996) self-construal scale and in case of the adults a modified version of it (Owe et al., 2013). Results indicate that in the post-socialist Hungary, individualistic values and independent self-concept strongly characterize both the high school students and the adults, but the younger generation displays higher tendency towards individualism.

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue encontrar qué tipo de valores, auto-conceptuación y creencias de la persona caracterizan dos generaciones de húngaros, casi tres décadas después de los cambios sociopolíticos del socialismo al mercado económico capitalista. Los participantes fueron estudiantes universitarios (N=239) y adultos (N=122). La orientación hacia los valores fue evaluada utilizando el Cuestionario de Valores (PVQ, Portrait Value Questionnaire; Schwartz et al., 2001), las creencias sobre la persona fueron evaluados a través de la Escala de Contextualismo (Owe et al., 2013), las auto-definiciones fueron evaluadas utilizando los 23 reactivos de la escala de autodefinición de Gudykunst et al. (1996) para el caso de los estudiantes, y para los adultos se utilizó la versión modificada del instrumento de autodefinición (Owe et al., 2013). Los resultados indican que, en la Hungría post-socialista, los valores individualistas y un autoconcepto independiente caracterizan fuertemente a ambos grupos, aunque la generación más joven muestra mayor tendencia hacia el individualismo.

Identity and sociocultural change: Comparing young indigenous people in Chiapas who have different sociodemographic trajectories.

One of the most commonly used distinctions in cross-cultural studies is the one between individualism and collectivism. One of the criticisms levelled at this distinction is that it fails to incorporate the differences that may exist when comparing people from a rural context with little formal education to people from the same group who live in an urban context where formal education is the norm. Bearing in mind these sociodemographic factors, we have compared the self-concepts among 104 young indigenous people in Chiapas (Mexico), having divided them into three groups: "rural-traditional," "rural-urban" and "urban." These people's self-concepts were analysed using a task that contrasts personal self-concept with social self-concept and a technique in which participants draw themselves along with the things and people they consider most important to them. The results reveal significant differences between the three groups. The personal categories are given a higher value in the "urban" group while the social categories score higher in the "rural-traditional" group. Regarding the results of the indigenous self-portraits, from the content analysis of the drawings, 16 categories emerged. These findings are discussed in the light of Greenfield's theory of social change and human development.

Dental problems and Familismo: social network discussion of oral health issues among adults of Mexican origin living in the Midwest United States.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of collectivist orientation (often called familismo when applied to the Latino sub-group in the United States) in oral health discussion networks. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN: Through respondent-driven sampling and face-to-face interviews, we identified respondents' (egos) personal social network members (alters). Egos stated whom they talked with about oral health, and how often they discussed dental problems in the preceding 12 months. PARTICIPANTS: An urban community of adult Mexican-American immigrants in the Midwest United States. We interviewed 332 egos (90% born in Mexico); egos named an average of 3.9 alters in their networks, 1,299 in total. METHOD: We applied egocentric network methods to examine the ego, alter, and network variables that characterize health discussion networks. RESULTS: Kin were most often leveraged when dental problems arose; egos relied on individuals whom they perceive to have better knowledge about dental matters. However, reliance on knowledgeable alters decreased among egos with greater behavioral acculturation. CONCLUSIONS: This paper developed a network-based conceptualization of familismo. We describe the structure of oral health networks, including kin, fictive kin, peers, and health professionals, and examine how networks and acculturation help shape oral health among these Mexican-Americans.

Individualismo y colectivismo: caracterización y diferencias entre dos localidades mexicanas / Individualism and collectivism: Characterization and differences in two Mexican localities

Resumen El individualismo y el colectivismo se han considerado síndromes culturales dicotómicos que caracterizan a los miembros de un país y que pueden estar reflejados en la identidad nacional. Una cultura individualista está caracterizada por promover la independencia y la autonomía; por otro lado, una cultura colectivista promueve la interdependencia entre personas y su grupo, en estas culturas las necesidades del grupo se consideran más importantes que las del individuo. Sin embargo, las fronteras geopolíticas entre países no contemplan las diferencias históricas, las normas sociales y las prácticas y particularidades culturales entre localidades y países. Por ejemplo, entre la Ciudad de México y Guanajuato, localidades que en teoría cuentan con tendencias políticas antagónicas, Guanajuato se considera una región de México ultraconservadora, mientras que la Ciudad de México es conocida por la apertura a la discusión de temas como el aborto, la legalización del aborto y el matrimonio igualitario; la Ciudad de México se relaciona con una ideología política de izquierda. En un contexto conservador, es más común estar de acuerdo con ideologías tradicionales sobre los roles de hombres y mujeres. En este sentido, hombres y mujeres pueden internalizar diferenciadamente el individualismo y colectivismo. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar las características del individualismo y colectivismo en dos regiones, así como entre hombres y mujeres. Participaron 420 hombres y mujeres del Valle de México y del estado de Guanajuato. Los resultados muestran que la muestra total presenta características del individualismo y colectivismo; se encontraron diferencias significativas en tres de diez factores por región. En todos estos, las medias son superiores a la media teórica. En Guanajuato los participantes mostraron mayores puntajes de Independencia y Libertad, pero al mismo tiempo reportaron niveles más altos de familismo relacionado con la obediencia. Se encontraron diferencias por sexo, las mujeres de Guanajuato mostraron mayores niveles de individualismo en comparación con los otros grupos. Los hallazgos son discutidos con base en la literatura pertinente. Para estudios subsecuentes es importante incluir variables como nivel de escolaridad, socioeconómico y actitudes respecto al grupo de referencia y de comparación.

Abstract Individualism and collectivism are considered dichotomous cultural syndromes that characterize members of a country and they can be reflected on national identity. An individualistic culture is characterized by promote independence and autonomy; by other hand, a collectivistic culture promotes interdependence between person and his/her reference group, in these cultures the group necessities are most important that the individual's ones. However, the geopolitical boundaries between countries not contemplate the differences between history, social norms and practices, or cultural particularities between localities and counties. For example between Mexico City and Guanajuato which have, in theory, antagonistic politic tendencies: Guanajuato is considered an ultraconservative region in Mexico, while Mexico City is known for the opening to discuss themes as abortion's legalization for free election or same-sex marriage; Mexico City is related with left political ideology. In a conservative context, is more common to be agree with traditional ideology about roles for men and women. In this way, men and women can internalized individualism and collectivisms different. The aim of this paper is determined characteristics of individualism and collectivism in two Mexican regions as well as in men and women. It was atended by 420 men and women of the Valley of Mexico and the state of Guanajuato. Results show that the Mexican population as a whole, shows characteristics of individualism and collectivism; there are significant differences on three of ten factors by region. In all of them, the mean is upper to theoretical mean. In Guanajuato, people show higher values of independence and freedom, but, at same time, they report high levels of familism related to obedience. About gender differences, the sample of women in Guanajuato shows higher levels of individualism in comparison with other groups. The findings are discussed on the relevant literature. For subsequent studies is important include variables as scholar level, socioeconomic level, and attitudes about their referential and comparison groups.

Metas de bienestar y valores en una comunidad rural andina de Puno Perú / Metas de bem-estar e valores em uma comunidade rural andina de Puno Peru / Wellbeing goals and values in a rural andean community of Puno Peru

Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con el objetivo de identificar, describir y analizar la relación entre las metas de bienestar y los valores que poseen los pobladores de una comunidad andina en Puno, Perú. Los resultados sugieren que las principales metas de bienestar para los participantes son: tener buen ganado, tener dinero y brindarle mejor educación a sus hijos. Los valores considerados positivos son: el trabajar y el compañerismo; en contraposición, los valores negativos son: la ociosidad y la envidia-egoísmo. De lo anterior se infiere que los valores identificados corresponden a culturas colectivistas y materialistas, y que estos influyen en la configuración y consolidación de las metas de bienestar de los miembros de la comunidad...

A qualitative study was carried out in order to identify, describe, and analyze the relation between wellbeing goals and values held by an Andean community in Puno, Peru. The findings showed that the main wellbeing goals are owning good cattle, having money, and giving their children a better education. The values considered positive are working and companionship, as opposed to idleness and jealousy-selfishness, which were considered negative. On this basis, it was possible to infer that the identified values correspond to collectivist and materialist cultures, and that these values influence the establishment and consolidation of the wellbeing goals of the members of the community...

Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo com o objetivo de identificar, descrever e analisar a relação entre as metas de bem-estar e os valores que possui a população de uma comunidade andina em Puno (Peru). Os resultados sugerem que as principais metas de bem-estar para os participantes são: ter bom gado, ter dinheiro e oferecer melhor educação aos seus filhos. Os valores negativos são: a ociosidade e a inveja-egoísmo. Do anterior, infere-se que os valores identificados correspondem a culturas coletivistas e materialistas, e que esses valores influenciam na configuração e consolidação das metas de bem-estar dos membros da comunidade...

Toward Understanding Violence in Islam / Entendiendo la violencia en el Islam

In the context of reduced violence world-wide, as documented by Pinker (2011), Islam is an exception; i.e., it is more violent than other cultures. Can contemporary cultural psychology explain aspects of this difference? It is hypothesized that violence is more frequent in cultures that are vertical collectivist than in cultures that are horizontal individualist. The paper reviews data that are generally consistent with this hypothesis. Furthermore, most Muslims are not violent, but perhaps 1 percent do engage in jihad. What personality aspects might explain this difference? It is argued that self-deception is very common among humans and the jihadists are especially susceptible to self-deception. Religion provides important benefits but it is also often related to violence. One way to reduce aspects of Islamic violence is for the West to ridicule Islam less. The paper also provides Islam with a more realistic model of its religion.

En el contexto de reducción mundial de la violencia, tal como lo documenta Pinker (2011), el Islam es una excepción p.e., es más violento que otras culturas. ¿Es posible que la psicología cultural actual explique los aspectos de dicha diferencia? Se hipotetiza que la violencia es más frecuente en culturas que son colectivistas verticales que en culturas que son individualistas horizontales. Este trabajo revisa datos que son generalmente consistentes con la ya mencionada hipótesis. Además, la mayoría de los islámicos no son violentos, aunque tal vez el 1 por ciento de ellos sean partícipes del jihad. ¿Qué aspectos de la personalidad podrían explicar esta diferencia? Se argumenta que el auto-engaño es bastante común entre los seres humanos, y que los jihadas son especialmente susceptibles al auto-engaño. La religión provee beneficios importantes pero también es comúnmente asociada con la violencia. Una manera de reducir aspectos de la violencia islámica es que el oeste haga menos ridiculizaciones del Islam. Este trabajo también describe al Islam con un modelo más realista de su religión.

Las dimensiones del apego y los síndromes culturales como determinantes de la expresión emocional / Cultural Syndromes and Attachment Dimensions Involved in Emotional Expression

Las reglas de expresión emocional son normas culturales que dictan el manejo y modificación de las manifestaciones emocionales y se asocian consistentemente con los síndromes culturales. Se propone que las reglas de expresión emocional también son afectadas por la seguridad del apego. A través de una plataforma de internet se administraron instrumentos de auto-reporte a un grupo de estudiantes de México y otro de Estados Unidos, encontrándose que la ansiedad y evitación del apego limitan la expresión de emociones positivas hacia los miembros del endogrupo, mientras que el colectivismo motiva la expresión de estas emociones. Además, la evitación del apego y el colectivismo limitan la expresión de emociones negativas hacia el endogrupo, mientras que el individualismo la favorece. El patrón general de resultados refleja que las dimensiones de ansiedad y evitación del apego afectan únicamente las reglas de expresión de emociones hacia los miembros del endogrupo.

Emotional display rules are cultural norms that dictate the management and modification of emotional disclosure depending on social circumstances. They are associated to cultural syndromes. We propose that display rules are also affected by attachment sense of security. Online questionnaires were administered to college students in both México and the United States, finding that attachment anxiety and avoidance constrain the expression of positive emotions toward in-groups members, whereas collectivism encourages emotional expression. Moreover, attachment-related avoidance and collectivism are associated with constrained expression of negative emotions toward in-group members, whereas individualism encourages their expression. The results suggest that attachment anxiety and avoidance affect emotional displays toward in-group members.

Application of the interactive model in the context of individualism and collectivism / Aplicação do modelo interativo no contexto do individualismo e coletivismo

The objective of the present study was to apply the Interactive Model methodology to the Individualism-Collectivism:Horizontal and Vertical Models to better understand the last model. The sample consisted of 271 individuals and theIdiocentric-Allocentric Athlete Profile Inventory was used. Multiple analyses of variance revealed that when theconstructs become polarized, as in the Idiocentric supremacy, greater are the individual needs for differentiation fromothers, success and achievement. As the constructs get balanced, the individuals tend to present more egalitarian attitudes,and allocentric individuals seek benefits for the group, submission and hierarchy. In conclusion, one can infer that as thefields of idiocentrism and allocentrism become more distant from the bisector, the vertical dominion increases(hierarchy), while a greater proximity with the bisector favors the horizontal dominion (equality). These areas don’treflect the predominance or not of one construct over the other anymore. (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi aplicar a metodologia do Modelo Interativo no modelo do Individualismo-Coletivismo:Horizontal e Vertical para melhor entender este último modelo. A amostra foi composta por 271 indivíduos e foi utilizadoo Inventário de Perfil Idiocêntrico-Alocêntrico para Atletas. Múltiplas análises de variância revelaram que quando osconstrutos tornam-se polarizados, como na supremacia idiocêntrica, mais os indivíduos necessitam dieferenciar-se dosdemais, buscando sucesso e realização. Quando os construtos tornam-se equilibrados, os indivíduos tendem a apresentaratitudes igualitárias e os indivíduos alocêntricos buscam o benefício do grupo, submisão e hierarquia. Em conclusão,pode-se inferir que quando os campos do idiocentrismo e alocentrismo tornam-se mais distantes da bissetriz, o domíniovertical aumenta (hierarquia) e a maior proximidade da bissetriz favorece o domínio horizontal (igualdade). Essesdomínios não mais refletem a predominância ou não de um construto sobre o outro. (AU)

Application of the interactive model in the context of individualism and collectivism / Aplicação do modelo interativo no contexto do individualismo e coletivismo

The objective of the present study was to apply the Interactive Model methodology to the Individualism-Collectivism:Horizontal and Vertical Models to better understand the last model. The sample consisted of 271 individuals and theIdiocentric-Allocentric Athlete Profile Inventory was used. Multiple analyses of variance revealed that when theconstructs become polarized, as in the Idiocentric supremacy, greater are the individual needs for differentiation fromothers, success and achievement. As the constructs get balanced, the individuals tend to present more egalitarian attitudes,and allocentric individuals seek benefits for the group, submission and hierarchy. In conclusion, one can infer that as thefields of idiocentrism and allocentrism become more distant from the bisector, the vertical dominion increases(hierarchy), while a greater proximity with the bisector favors the horizontal dominion (equality). These areas don’treflect the predominance or not of one construct over the other anymore.

O objetivo deste estudo foi aplicar a metodologia do Modelo Interativo no modelo do Individualismo-Coletivismo:Horizontal e Vertical para melhor entender este último modelo. A amostra foi composta por 271 indivíduos e foi utilizadoo Inventário de Perfil Idiocêntrico-Alocêntrico para Atletas. Múltiplas análises de variância revelaram que quando osconstrutos tornam-se polarizados, como na supremacia idiocêntrica, mais os indivíduos necessitam dieferenciar-se dosdemais, buscando sucesso e realização. Quando os construtos tornam-se equilibrados, os indivíduos tendem a apresentaratitudes igualitárias e os indivíduos alocêntricos buscam o benefício do grupo, submisão e hierarquia. Em conclusão,pode-se inferir que quando os campos do idiocentrismo e alocentrismo tornam-se mais distantes da bissetriz, o domíniovertical aumenta (hierarquia) e a maior proximidade da bissetriz favorece o domínio horizontal (igualdade). Essesdomínios não mais refletem a predominância ou não de um construto sobre o outro.

O perfil psicológico de atletas baseado na teoria do individualismo e do coletivismo / The athletes psychological profile based on individualism and collectivism theory / El perfil psicológico de atletas basado em la teoria del individualismo y del colectivismo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil psicológico de atletas, classificados em grupos tipológicos segundo a teoria do Individualismo-Coletivismo. O Modelo Interativo foi utilizado como metodologia para a classificação das atletas em grupos tipológicos. Participaram do estudo 274 atletas universitários. Foram utilizados os inventários Perfil I-A, IFEGA e o IMEGA. Análises descritivas e inferenciais (Manova) foram realizadas. Os resultados demonstraram que o grupo Heteroidiocêntrico orienta-se para as metas pessoais, buscam a auto-realização, poder e fama. Os Heteroalocêntricos tendem a ser mais sensíveis ao contexto social e prestam mais atenção às necessidades dos outros e os Isocêntricos apresentam traços tanto do idiocentrismo quanto do alocentrismo, o que resulta em atitudes igualitárias. Conclui-se que todos os grupos apresentam perfis ideais, os quais podem se adequar melhor para determinadas modalidades esportivas, em situações específicas do jogo e em diferentes posições em quadra.(AU)

The Athlete’s Psychological Profile Based on Individualism and Collectivism TheoryThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the athlete’s psychological profile classified in typological groups based on Individualism-Collectivism theory. The Interactive Model’s methodology was used to classify the athletes in typological groups. The sample was composed by 274 athletes. It were used Perfil I-A, IFEGA and IMEGA inventories. Descriptive and inferential analyses (Manova) were performed. The results showed that the Heteroidiocentric group is self oriented, searching for self-realization, power and fame. The Heteroalocentric group tends to be more sensitive to social context and pay more attention to the needs of others and the Isocentrics showed both Idiocentric and Alocentric traits, which results in egalitarian attitudes. In conclusion, all groups have ideal profiles that can be better adjusted in specific sports, in specific situations during the game and in to different play positions.(AU)

El Perfil Psicológico de Atletas basado em la Teoria del Individualismo Y del ColectivismoEL objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el perfil psicológico de atletas, clasificados en grupos tipológicos según la teoria del Individualismo-Colectivismo. El Modelo Interactivo fue utilizado como metodologia para la clasificación de las atletas en grupos tipológicos. Participaron del estudio 274 atletas universitários. Fueron utilizados los inventários Perfil I-A, IFEGA y el IMEGA. Análisis descriptivas y diferenciales (Manova) fueron realizadas. Los resultados demostraron que el grupo Heteroidiocêntrico se orienta para las metas personales, buscan la auto-realización, poder y fama. Los Heteroalocêntricos tienden a ser mas sensibles al contexto social y prestan mas atención a lasnecesidades de los otros y los Isocêntricos presentan trazos tanto del idiocentrismo cuanto del alocentrismo, lo que resulta en actitudes igualitárias.Se Concluye que todos los grupos presentan perfiles ideales, los cuales puedenadecuarse mejor para determinados desportes, en situaciones específicas de juego y en diferentes posiciones en cuadra.(AU)

Resiliência e enfrentamento do estresse em adolescentes: efeitos mediadores dos valores culturais / Resiliencia y afrontamiento del estrés en adolescentes: efectos mediadores de los valores culturales / Resilience and coping with stress in adolescents: mediating effects of cultural values

Este estudo teve dois objetivos: a) analisar as relações entre resiliência e estratégias de enfrentamento do estresse e b) explorar o rol dos valores pessoais sobre tais relações. A investigação se deu por meio de uma amostra composta por 1 512 estudantes (484 argentinos, 363 brasileiros e 665 mexicanos), que preencheram uma seleção de instrumentos desenvolvidos para explorar resiliência, enfrentamento do estresse e valores pessoais. As análises de correlação mostraram relações significativas entre resiliência e estratégias positivas de enfrentamento do estresse. As análises de regressão mediada indicaram que tanto o individualismo horizontal como o coletivismo horizontal moderam as relações entre resiliência e enfretamento positivo. Tais resultados permitem concluir que o sentimento de igualdade (horizontalidade) entre os membros do grupo é o principal mediador entre o adolescente, as demandas do meio ambiente, seus recursos para enfrentá-las e o desenvolvimento da resiliência.

The aim of this study was twofold: a) to explore the relationships between resilience and coping strategies with stress; and b) to examine the role of personal values on such relationships. The research was conducted with a sample consisting of 1512 students (484 Argentines, 363 Brazilians, and 665 Mexicans) who filled a selection of recognized instruments developed to explore resilience, coping with stress and personal values. Correlation analysis showed significant relationships between resilience and positive coping strategies. Mediated regression analysis indicated that both, horizontal individualism and horizontal collectivism, are good mediators of the relationship between resilience and positive coping. These results strongly suggest that the sense of equality (horizontal) among members of the group is the main mediator between the adolescent, the demands of the environment, their resources to cope and develop resilience.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue doble: a) analizar las relaciones entre resiliencia y estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés, y b) explorar el rol de los valores personales sobre tales relaciones. La investigación se llevó a cabo con una muestra integrada por 1512 estudiantes (484 argentinos, 363 brasileros y 665 mexicanos), quienes completaron una selección de reconocidos instrumentos desarrollados para explorar resiliencia, afrontamiento del estrés y valores personales. Análisis de correlación mostraron significativas relaciones entre resiliencia y estrategias positivas de afrontamiento. Análisis de regresión mediada indicaron que tanto el Individualismo Horizontal, como el Colectivismo Horizontal moderan las relaciones entre resiliencia y afrontamiento. Tales resultados permiten concluir que el sentimiento de igualdad (horizontalidad) entre los miembros del grupo es el principal mediador entre el adolescente, las demandas del medio ambiente, sus recursos para afrontarlas y el desarrollo de la resiliencia.

Resiliência e enfrentamento do estresse em adolescentes: efeitos mediadores dos valores culturais / Resiliencia y afrontamiento del estrés en adolescentes: efectos mediadores de los valores culturales / Resilience and coping with stress in adolescents: mediating effects of cultural values

Este estudo teve dois objetivos: a) analisar as relações entre resiliência e estratégias de enfrentamento do estresse e b) explorar o rol dos valores pessoais sobre tais relações. A investigação se deu por meio de uma amostra composta por 1 512 estudantes (484 argentinos, 363 brasileiros e 665 mexicanos), que preencheram uma seleção de instrumentos desenvolvidos para explorar resiliência, enfrentamento do estresse e valores pessoais. As análises de correlação mostraram relações significativas entre resiliência e estratégias positivas de enfrentamento do estresse. As análises de regressão mediada indicaram que tanto o individualismo horizontal como o coletivismo horizontal moderam as relações entre resiliência e enfretamento positivo. Tais resultados permitem concluir que o sentimento de igualdade (horizontalidade) entre os membros do grupo é o principal mediador entre o adolescente, as demandas do meio ambiente, seus recursos para enfrentá-las e o desenvolvimento da resiliência.(AU)

The aim of this study was twofold: a) to explore the relationships between resilience and coping strategies with stress; and b) to examine the role of personal values on such relationships. The research was conducted with a sample consisting of 1512 students (484 Argentines, 363 Brazilians, and 665 Mexicans) who filled a selection of recognized instruments developed to explore resilience, coping with stress and personal values. Correlation analysis showed significant relationships between resilience and positive coping strategies. Mediated regression analysis indicated that both, horizontal individualism and horizontal collectivism, are good mediators of the relationship between resilience and positive coping. These results strongly suggest that the sense of equality (horizontal) among members of the group is the main mediator between the adolescent, the demands of the environment, their resources to cope and develop resilience.(AU)

El objetivo del presente estudio fue doble: a) analizar las relaciones entre resiliencia y estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés, y b) explorar el rol de los valores personales sobre tales relaciones. La investigación se llevó a cabo con una muestra integrada por 1512 estudiantes (484 argentinos, 363 brasileros y 665 mexicanos), quienes completaron una selección de reconocidos instrumentos desarrollados para explorar resiliencia, afrontamiento del estrés y valores personales. Análisis de correlación mostraron significativas relaciones entre resiliencia y estrategias positivas de afrontamiento. Análisis de regresión mediada indicaron que tanto el Individualismo Horizontal, como el Colectivismo Horizontal moderan las relaciones entre resiliencia y afrontamiento. Tales resultados permiten concluir que el sentimiento de igualdad (horizontalidad) entre los miembros del grupo es el principal mediador entre el adolescente, las demandas del medio ambiente, sus recursos para afrontarlas y el desarrollo de la resiliencia.(AU)

Rating emotion communication: display and concealment as effects of culture, gender, emotion type, and relationship / Avaliando a comunicação da emoção: o ato de mostrar e ocultar como efeitos da cultura, gênero, tipo de emoção e relacionamento

Students from a collectivistic (Brazilian, n= 401) and an individualistic (Norwegian, n= 418) culture rated their ability to display and conceal anger, sadness, and anxiety in relation to immediate family, partner, friends, and "other persons." Norwegians showed higher display ratings for anger and sadness, and higher concealment ratings for anger and anxiety. Display ratings were much higher, and concealment ratings much lower in relation to close persons than in relation to "other persons." A culture x relationship interaction was that Brazilians' ratings suggested more emotional openness to friends than to family and partner, whereas Norwegians showed the inverse patterns. Gender differences supported previous research by showing higher display and lower concealment ratings, and less differentiation between relationships by females.(AU)

Estudantes de uma cultura coletivista (brasileiros, n= 401) e uma individualista (noruegueses, n= 418) pontuam suas habilidades em demonstrar e esconder raiva, tristeza e ansiedade em relação à família, companheiro, amigos e "outras pessoas". Noruegueses mostram pontuações mais altas na manifestação da raiva e tristeza, e menores pontuações para encobrir raiva e ansiedade. As pontuações de expor foram muito mais altas, e o ocultar muito mais baixas em relação a pessoas mais íntimas do que em relação a "outras pessoas". Uma interação entre cultura x relacionamento apresenta que os escores dos brasileiros sugerem maior abertura emocional para amigos do que para familiares e companheiros, enquanto os noruegueses denotam um o padrão inverso. Diferenças de gêneros apóiam pesquisas anteriores evidenciando que o sexo feminino tem escores mais elevado em expressar emoções e menores escores em esconder; também demonstram menos diferenciação entre os relacionamentos.(AU)