Therapeutic effects of electrospun chitosan nanofibers on animal skin wounds: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Electrospun chitosan nanofibers (QSNFs) enhance the healing process by mimicking skin structure and function. The aim of this study was to analyze the therapeutic effects of QSNFs application on animal skin wounds to identify a potential direction for translational research in dermatology. The PRISMA methodology and the PICO scheme were used. A random effects model and mean difference analysis were applied for the meta-analysis. A meta-regression model was constructed, risk of bias was determined, and methodological quality assessment was performed. Of the 2370 articles collected, 54 studies were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The wound healing area was used for building models on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days of follow-up; the results were - 10.4% (95% CI, -18.2% to -2.6%, p = 0.001), -21.0% (95% CI, -27.3% to -14.7%, p = 0.001), and - 14.0% (95% CI, -19.1 to -8.8%, p = 0.001), respectively. Antioxidants and synthetic polymers combined with QSNFs further reduced skin wound areas (p < 0.05). The results show a more efficient reduction in wound area percentages in experimental groups than in control groups, so QSNFs could potentially be applied in translational human medicine research.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of dihydroquercetin esters

Abstract Flavonoids display various beneficial biological properties, such as antioxidant activity and low cytotoxicity, which make them useful ingredients in foods, pharmaceuticals, and functional cosmetics. In particular, dihydroquercetin (DHQ) is found in various forms, and its derivatives exhibit interesting biological properties. Herein, we report the synthesis of acetylated and butyrylated dihydroquercetin derivatives and their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The DHQ derivatives were identified using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies and high-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The chemical stabilities of the acetylated dihydroquercetin derivatives were found to depend on the number of acetate groups, with 3,3',4',4,7-pentaacetyldihydroquercetin found to be the most stable acetylated dihydroquercetin. Furthermore, 7,3',4'-triacetyl- dihydroquercetin exhibited potent antioxidant activity, with an IC50 of 56.67 ± 4.79 µg/mL in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay, with DHQ exhibiting a value of 32.41 ± 3.35 µg/mL. The reactive-oxygen-species-scavenging activity of 7,3',4'-triacetyldihydroquercetin was highest among the esters in the ferric reducing ability of plasma assay, but lower than that of DHQ. Overall, both DHQ and 7,3',4'-triacetyldihydroquercetin exhibited antimicrobial behavior against S. aureus and P. acnes using the paper disc assay. DHQ displayed a higher antimicrobial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 625 µg/mL (P. acnes), 2,500 µg/mL (S. aureus), and 5,000 µg/mL (E. coli). DHQ and acetylated dihydroquercetins are potentially useful as complex antioxidant and antimicrobial materials

Taxifolin stability: In silico prediction and in vitro degradation with HPLC-UV/UPLC-ESI-MS monitoring.

Taxifolin has a plethora of therapeutic activities and is currently isolated from the stem bark of the tree Larix gmelinni (Dahurian larch). It is a flavonoid of high commercial interest for its use in supplements or in antioxidant-rich functional foods. However, its poor stability and low bioavailability hinder the use of flavonoid in nutritional or pharmaceutical formulations. In this work, taxifolin isolated from the seeds of Mimusops balata, was evaluated by in silico stability prediction studies and in vitro forced degradation studies (acid and alkaline hydrolysis, oxidation, visible/UV radiation, dry/humid heating) monitored by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS). The in silico stability prediction studies indicated the most susceptible regions in the molecule to nucleophilic and electrophilic attacks, as well as the sites susceptible to oxidation. The in vitro forced degradation tests were in agreement with the in silico stability prediction, indicating that taxifolin is extremely unstable (class 1) under alkaline hydrolysis. In addition, taxifolin thermal degradation was increased by humidity. On the other hand, with respect to photosensitivity, taxifolin can be classified as class 4 (stable). Moreover, the alkaline degradation products were characterized by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS as dimers of taxifolin. These results enabled an understanding of the intrinsic lability of taxifolin, contributing to the development of stability-indicating methods, and of appropriate drug release systems, with the aims of preserving its stability and improving its bioavailability.

FT-NIR spectroscopy and RP-HPLC combined with multivariate analysis reveals differences in plant cell suspension cultures of Thevetia peruviana treated with salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate.

Plant cell suspension culture of T. peruviana is a feasible biotechnological platform for the production of secondary metabolites with anti-proliferative/cytotoxic activity, as phenolic compounds (PC); however, different in in vitro growth conditions may affect the production, demanding strategies to increase the metabolite biosynthesis, as well as the development of sensitive and rapid analytical methods for metabolite monitoring. The Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy and Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) combined with Multivariate analysis (MVA) were used to detect significant differences in the PC production in cultures treated with two elicitors. The results suggest that the FT-NIR-MVA is useful for discriminating samples according to the treatment, showed significant influence of the PC signal. RP-HPLC-MVA showed that the elicitor effect occurs at 72 h post-elicitation. Detection of dihydroquercetin (maximum concentration = 12.59 mg/L), a flavonoid with anti-cancer properties, is highlighted. Future studies will be aimed at scaling this culture to increase the productivity of dihydroquercetin.

Phytochemical Screening of Callus and Cell Suspensions Cultures of Thevetia peruviana

Abstract Thevetia peruviana is an ornamental shrub grown-up in many tropical region of the world. This plant produces secondary metabolites with biological properties of interest for the pharmaceutical industry. The objective was to determine the secondary metabolites profile of callus and cell suspension cultures of T. peruviana and compare them with those from explant (fruit pulp). Extracts in 50% aqueous ethanol and ethyl acetate were prepared. The phytochemical analysis was performed using standard chemical tests and thin layer chromatography. In addition, total phenolic and flavonoids compounds (TPC and TFC), total cardiac glycosides (TCG) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) was determined during the cell suspension growth. Phenolic chemical profile was also analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Common metabolites (alkaloids, amino acids, antioxidants, cardiac glycosides, leucoanthocyanidins, flavonoids, phenols, sugars and triterpenes) were detected in all samples. The maximum production of extracellular TCG, TPC, TFC and TAA in cells suspensions were at 6-12 days; in contrast, intracellular content was relatively constant during the exponential grown phase (0 to 12-days). HPLC analysis detected one compound with retention time at 11.6 min; this compound was tentatively identified as dihydroquercetin, a flavonoid with anti-cancer properties. These results provide evidence on the utility of the in vitro cell cultures of T. peruviana for valuable pharmaceutical compounds production.

Development of a specialized high protein product for adaptive nutrition

The article is dedicated to the development of a multicomponent high-protein product for the nutrition of physically active individuals. The possibility to introduce flavoring fillers and a biologically active supplement in the milk and vegetable base of fermented whipped dessert has been established, and the expediency thereof has been justified. Based on a mathematical model, the possibility of preparing dessert systems with the specified optimum parameters has been confirmed. The influence of nondairy protein components on the improvement of functional and technological properties of multicomponent mixtures for desserts has been revealed. It has been demonstrated that the inclusion of desserts with specified optimum parameters in the diet will have a positive effect on increasing the body's adaptive capacity.