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1.
Sci. agric ; 78(1): e20190084, 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1497918

ABSTRACT

Dried stigma of saffron is the most expensive spice in the world. In Iran, the majority of saffron farms use the traditional basin method for irrigation, which, together with other irrigation methods may soon face serious problems because of droughts in the future. Making an evaluation of the regional crop response to the irrigation method is important to the adoption of a proper irrigation management strategy. In this study, the effect of employing different irrigation methods, including the sprinkler, drip, furrow, and basin, on the following factors was evaluated: the saffron stigma dry weight, quality, water use efficiency (WUE), and Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) in the arid climate of Qaen, South Khorasan, Iran, over three consecutive crop years. The experiment was undertaken using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that seasonal saffron Evapotranspiration (ETC) was recorded as 356.5, 339.1, and 330.7 mm, in 2003, 2004 and 2005 respectively, as a result of administering the treatments. Saffron yield as well as WUE and IWUE were found to respond to the various irrigation methods except in the first year. In total, maximum stigma dry weight and water use efficiencies were reached in the third growing season using the drip irrigation method. Judging by the results, the drip irrigation method for saffron production is to be preferred. Additionally, the quality level of saffron was found to be acceptable. However, due to higher crocin content, the quality of saffron irrigated by the sprinkler method was somewhat higher.


Subject(s)
Crocus/growth & development , 24444 , Agricultural Irrigation/methods , Trickling Irrigation/methods , Iran
2.
Sci. agric. ; 78(1): e20190084, 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-28849

ABSTRACT

Dried stigma of saffron is the most expensive spice in the world. In Iran, the majority of saffron farms use the traditional basin method for irrigation, which, together with other irrigation methods may soon face serious problems because of droughts in the future. Making an evaluation of the regional crop response to the irrigation method is important to the adoption of a proper irrigation management strategy. In this study, the effect of employing different irrigation methods, including the sprinkler, drip, furrow, and basin, on the following factors was evaluated: the saffron stigma dry weight, quality, water use efficiency (WUE), and Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) in the arid climate of Qaen, South Khorasan, Iran, over three consecutive crop years. The experiment was undertaken using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that seasonal saffron Evapotranspiration (ETC) was recorded as 356.5, 339.1, and 330.7 mm, in 2003, 2004 and 2005 respectively, as a result of administering the treatments. Saffron yield as well as WUE and IWUE were found to respond to the various irrigation methods except in the first year. In total, maximum stigma dry weight and water use efficiencies were reached in the third growing season using the drip irrigation method. Judging by the results, the drip irrigation method for saffron production is to be preferred. Additionally, the quality level of saffron was found to be acceptable. However, due to higher crocin content, the quality of saffron irrigated by the sprinkler method was somewhat higher.(AU)


Subject(s)
Crocus/growth & development , 24444 , Agricultural Irrigation/methods , Trickling Irrigation/methods , Iran
3.
Sensors (Basel) ; 18(11)2018 Nov 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30423968

ABSTRACT

This article presents a description of the design, development, and implementation of web-based software and dedicated hardware which allows for the remote monitoring and control of a drip irrigation system. The hardware consists of in-field stations which are strategically distributed in the field and equipped with different sensors and communication devices; a weather station and drip irrigation system complete the setup. The web-based software makes it possible to remotely access and process the information gathered by all the stations and the irrigation controller. The proposed system was implemented in a young olive orchard, located in the province of San Juan, an arid region of Argentina. The system was installed and evaluated during the seasons 2014⁻2015 and 2015⁻2016. Four regulated irrigation strategies were proposed in the olive orchard to test its behavior. In this pilot experiment, the precision irrigation system was a useful tool for precisely managing the irrigation process, applying only the required amount of water (precise irrigation). Regulated deficit irrigation experiments, on the other hand, have demonstrated the sensitivity of olives to water restriction. The precision irrigation system made it possible to control soil moisture levels, avoiding water stress in the control treatment.

4.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 34(4): 899-906, july/aug. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-967035

ABSTRACT

Recently a micro spray and an end cap with drain valve device were launched on the market. Their main advantage is the low cost. The micro spray provides a higher percentage of irrigated area relative to the drippers and an end cap with drain valve removes all air from the pipes and minimizes obstructions of the emitters. However, these components need to be tested operating with different water quantities and qualities. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of this micro spray and end cap with drain valve operating with water containing different concentrations of total solids. The experiment was conducted in a split plot scheme, with two end caps in the plots (conventional and with drain valve) and five total solid concentrations in the subplots (7 mg L-1, 407 mg L-1, 1007 mg L-1, 2007 mg L-1 and 4007 mg L-1) in a completely randomized design, with three replications. Sixty evaluations of the irrigation system were performed and the emitters were evaluated every application of 60 L up to a volume of 3.6 m3. The water flow rate and application uniformity were evaluated through distribution uniformity (DU) and statistical uniformity (US) coefficients. The micro spray performance was not affected by water application containing total solid concentrations below 270 and 500 mg L-1 in irrigation systems equipped with conventional end caps or with drain valves, respectively. Irrigation systems equipped with end caps with drain valve provided a better performance of micro sprays when operating with water containing total solid concentrations greater than 407 mg L-1. These end caps did not provided difference in micro spray performance when operating with public water.


Recentemente foi lançado no mercado um micro spray e um dispositivo fim de linha autolimpante tendo como principais vantagens o baixo custo. O micro spray propicia maior porcentagem de área irrigada em relação aos gotejadores e o fim de linha autolimpante retiram todo o ar das tubulações e minimizam o entupimento dos emissores. Entretanto, esses componentes precisam ser testados operando com diferentes quantidades e qualidades de água. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do micro spray e da válvula autolimpante operando com águas contendo diferentes concentrações de sólidos totais. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas dois finais de linha (convencional e válvula autolimpante) e nas subparcelas cinco águas com concentrações de sólidos totais (7 mg L-1, 407 mg L-1, 1.007 mg L-1, 2.007 mg L-1 e 4.007 mg L-1) no delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com três repetições. Foram realizadas 60 avaliações do sistema de irrigação e os emissores eram avaliados a cada aplicação de 60 L, acumulando o volume de 3,6 m3. Os parâmetros avaliados foram a vazão e as uniformidades de aplicação de água por meio dos coeficientes de distribuição (CUD) e estatístico (CUE). O desempenho dos micros spray testados não foi afetado com aplicação de águas contendo concentrações de sólidos totais inferiores a 270 e 500 mg L-1 nos sistemas de irrigação equipados com finais de linha convencionais e autolimpantes, respectivamente. Sistemas de irrigação equipados com finais de linha autolimpantes proporcionam melhor desempenho dos micros spray quando operam com águas contendo concentrações de sólidos totais superiores a 407 mg L-1. Esses mesmos finais de linha não proporcionam diferença no desempenho dos micros spray quando operam com água de abastecimento.


Subject(s)
Total Solids , Trickling Irrigation , Organic Matter , Agricultural Irrigation , Wastewater
5.
J Sci Food Agric ; 98(14): 5534-5540, 2018 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29691879

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In the last decade, diseases of bacterial origin in onions have increased and this has led to significant losses in production. These diseases are currently observed in both the Old and New Worlds. The present study aimed to evaluate whether the irrigation method influences the incidence of diseases of bacterial origin. RESULTS: In cases where the inoculum was natural, the initial incidence of soft bacterial rot did not manifest in any treatment in the first year, whereas, at the end of the conservation period, all treatments had increased incidences of infection. Sprinkler irrigation (8%) was statistically differentiated from the other treatments, for which the final incidence was similar (4.5%). For all irrigation treatments, the final incidence of bacterial soft rot decreased or remained stable towards the end of the cycle, with the exception of sprinkler irrigation in 2015, which increased. CONCLUSION: From the results of the present study, it can be inferred that the irrigation method does have an influence on the incidence of diseases of bacterial origin in the post-harvest stage for onions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.


Subject(s)
Agricultural Irrigation/methods , Fresh Water/microbiology , Onions/microbiology , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Onions/growth & development
6.
Sci. agric ; 72(5): 377-384, Sept.-Oct. 2015. tab, ilus, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1497518

ABSTRACT

The wetted area fraction is a factor critical to the success of drip irrigation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of partial soil wetting on transpiration, vegetative growth and root system of young orange trees. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse where plants were grown in 0.5 m3boxes internally divided into compartments. The wetting of 12 % of soil area was tested on two types of soil cultivated with Valencia orange trees grafted onto Rangpur lime and Swingle citrumelo rootstocks. Transpiration was determined in 40 plants. Water extraction and root density were evaluated in the compartments. Transpiration is reduced by restriction in wetted soil area, and such reduction is influenced by the number of days after the beginning of partial irrigation, atmospheric evaporative demand and plant phenological stage. Mean transpiration of plants with partial irrigation was equivalent to 84 % of the mean transpiration of plants with 100 % of wetted soil area in the period studied. However, after 156 days of imposing partial irrigation there was no difference in transpiration between treatments. Plant acclimation was caused by an increase in root concentration in the irrigated area. After a period of acclimation, if the entire root system is wetted, soil water extraction becomes proportional to the percentage of wetted area after a short period of time. Despite the reduction in transpiration, there was no difference between treatments with 12 % and 100 % of wetted soil area in terms of vegetative growth.


Subject(s)
Citrus sinensis , Agricultural Irrigation , Wettability , Plant Transpiration , Soil Moisture
7.
Sci. agric. ; 72(5): 377-384, Sept.-Oct. 2015. tab, ilus, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-28423

ABSTRACT

The wetted area fraction is a factor critical to the success of drip irrigation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of partial soil wetting on transpiration, vegetative growth and root system of young orange trees. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse where plants were grown in 0.5 m3boxes internally divided into compartments. The wetting of 12 % of soil area was tested on two types of soil cultivated with Valencia orange trees grafted onto Rangpur lime and Swingle citrumelo rootstocks. Transpiration was determined in 40 plants. Water extraction and root density were evaluated in the compartments. Transpiration is reduced by restriction in wetted soil area, and such reduction is influenced by the number of days after the beginning of partial irrigation, atmospheric evaporative demand and plant phenological stage. Mean transpiration of plants with partial irrigation was equivalent to 84 % of the mean transpiration of plants with 100 % of wetted soil area in the period studied. However, after 156 days of imposing partial irrigation there was no difference in transpiration between treatments. Plant acclimation was caused by an increase in root concentration in the irrigated area. After a period of acclimation, if the entire root system is wetted, soil water extraction becomes proportional to the percentage of wetted area after a short period of time. Despite the reduction in transpiration, there was no difference between treatments with 12 % and 100 % of wetted soil area in terms of vegetative growth.(AU)


Subject(s)
Citrus sinensis , Soil Moisture , Plant Transpiration , Wettability , Agricultural Irrigation
8.
Ci. Rural ; 45(8): 1439-1444, Aug. 2015. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-28202

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar e avaliar o desempenho de quatro modelos de gotejadores autocompensantes, frequentemente utilizados nos sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento no Brasil. Para realização do estudo, foi tomada uma amostra de 25 gotejadores de cada modelo. Na avaliação dos respectivos tubos emissores, foram determinados os seguintes parâmetros: (a) vazão média, (b) coeficiente de variação de fabricação, (c) espessura da parede (d), equação característica do gotejador, (e) diâmetro interno do tubo, (f) espaçamento entre emissores, (g) resistência à pressão com água na temperatura ambiente e à temperatura de 40oC, e (h) resistência do tubo à tração com tensão de 160 N e 180 N. As análises mostraram coeficientes de variação de fabricação inferiores a 0,045 para todos os gotejadores (0,07 é o limite máximo, segundo a ABNT NBR ISO 9261). Os expoentes x da equação pressão versus vazão variaram de 0,0082 a 0,0691, classificando-os como autocompensantes. Pelos resultados obtidos, é possível afirmar que nos produtos ensaiados, os quais são utilizados no Brasil pelos irrigantes, apresentaram desempenho hidráulico satisfatório, de acordo com a norma.(AU)


This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the performance of four models self-compensating drippers commonly used in drip irrigation systems in Brazil. To perform the study it was taking a sample of 25 emitters of each model. Evaluating their tubes (b) coefficient of manufacturing variation (c) wall thickness, (d) characteristic equation of the dripper, (e) internal diameter of the pipe, (f) spacing between emitters, (g) resistance water pressure at ambient temperature and to 40°C and (h) the tensile strength of the pipe with tension of 160 N and 180 N. The analysis showed variation coefficient of less than 0.045 for all manufacturing drippers (0.07 is maximum according to ABNT NBR ISO 9261). The exponents x of the equation pressure versus discharge ranged from 0.0082 to 0.0691 classifying them as self-compensating. From the results obtained it is clear that the tested products which are used in Brazil and used by irrigators had a satisfactory hydraulic performance in accordance with the standard.(AU)


Subject(s)
Agricultural Irrigation/instrumentation , Trickling Irrigation
9.
Ciênc. rural ; Ciênc. rural (Online);45(8): 1439-1444, 08/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-753064

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar e avaliar o desempenho de quatro modelos de gotejadores autocompensantes, frequentemente utilizados nos sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento no Brasil. Para realização do estudo, foi tomada uma amostra de 25 gotejadores de cada modelo. Na avaliação dos respectivos tubos emissores, foram determinados os seguintes parâmetros: (a) vazão média, (b) coeficiente de variação de fabricação, (c) espessura da parede (d), equação característica do gotejador, (e) diâmetro interno do tubo, (f) espaçamento entre emissores, (g) resistência à pressão com água na temperatura ambiente e à temperatura de 40oC, e (h) resistência do tubo à tração com tensão de 160 N e 180 N. As análises mostraram coeficientes de variação de fabricação inferiores a 0,045 para todos os gotejadores (0,07 é o limite máximo, segundo a ABNT NBR ISO 9261). Os expoentes x da equação pressão versus vazão variaram de 0,0082 a 0,0691, classificando-os como autocompensantes. Pelos resultados obtidos, é possível afirmar que nos produtos ensaiados, os quais são utilizados no Brasil pelos irrigantes, apresentaram desempenho hidráulico satisfatório, de acordo com a norma.


This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the performance of four models self-compensating drippers commonly used in drip irrigation systems in Brazil. To perform the study it was taking a sample of 25 emitters of each model. Evaluating their tubes (b) coefficient of manufacturing variation (c) wall thickness, (d) characteristic equation of the dripper, (e) internal diameter of the pipe, (f) spacing between emitters, (g) resistance water pressure at ambient temperature and to 40°C and (h) the tensile strength of the pipe with tension of 160 N and 180 N. The analysis showed variation coefficient of less than 0.045 for all manufacturing drippers (0.07 is maximum according to ABNT NBR ISO 9261). The exponents x of the equation pressure versus discharge ranged from 0.0082 to 0.0691 classifying them as self-compensating. From the results obtained it is clear that the tested products which are used in Brazil and used by irrigators had a satisfactory hydraulic performance in accordance with the standard.

10.
Semina Ci. agr. ; 36(1): 89-102, Jan.-Fev. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-27491

ABSTRACT

The research work aimed to evaluate the performance of barley cultivars under different irrigation depths in Brazilian Cerrado. The experiment was conducted in a split plot completely randomized design, with irrigation depths (50, 75, 100 and 125% of crop evapotranspiration) in the plots and barley cultivars (BRS Sampa, BRS Manduri and BRS 195) in the split-plots, with four replications. Barley cultivars were different regarding number of tillers per plant, number of spikelets per spike, and root depth. The maximum yields for BRS Sampa, BRS Manduri and BRS 195 were 5,848; 5,449; and 4,767 kg ha-1, respectively. BRS Sampa showed a value 17% higher than the yield reported by the holder. The irrigation depth affected all the agronomic traits. It is recommended BRS Sampa for Brazilian Cerrado, that didnt differ from other cultivars and was developed in region of similar climate; with replacement of 100% of crop evapotranspiration.(AU)


Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho agronômico de cultivares de cevada cervejeira submetidas a diferentes lâminas de irrigação no cerrado sul-mato-grossense. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas quatro lâminas de irrigação (50, 75, 100 e 125% da evapotranspiração da cultura) e nas subparcelas três cultivares de cevada (BRS Sampa, BRS Manduri e BRS 195), com quatro repetições. As cultivares de cevada diferiram apenas em número de perfilhos por planta, espiguetas por espiga e profundidade do sistema radicular. As produtividades máximas de grãos para as cultivares BRS Sampa, BRS Manduri e BRS 195 foram de 5.848, 5.449 e 4.767 kg ha-1, respectivamente. A cevada BRS Sampa apresentou valor 17% superior à produtividade divulgada pelo detentor. As lâminas de irrigação afetaram todas as características agronômicas avaliadas. Recomenda-se para o nordeste sul-mato-grossense a BRS Sampa irrigada com reposição de 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura, por não ter diferido das demais cultivares e ter sido desenvolvida para região de clima semelhante.(AU)


Subject(s)
Agricultural Irrigation , Hordeum/growth & development , Beer , Crops, Agricultural
11.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 36(1): 89-102, 2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1499839

ABSTRACT

The research work aimed to evaluate the performance of barley cultivars under different irrigation depths in Brazilian Cerrado. The experiment was conducted in a split plot completely randomized design, with irrigation depths (50, 75, 100 and 125% of crop evapotranspiration) in the plots and barley cultivars (BRS Sampa, BRS Manduri and BRS 195) in the split-plots, with four replications. Barley cultivars were different regarding number of tillers per plant, number of spikelets per spike, and root depth. The maximum yields for BRS Sampa, BRS Manduri and BRS 195 were 5,848; 5,449; and 4,767 kg ha-1, respectively. BRS Sampa showed a value 17% higher than the yield reported by the holder. The irrigation depth affected all the agronomic traits. It is recommended BRS Sampa for Brazilian Cerrado, that didnt differ from other cultivars and was developed in region of similar climate; with replacement of 100% of crop evapotranspiration.


Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho agronômico de cultivares de cevada cervejeira submetidas a diferentes lâminas de irrigação no cerrado sul-mato-grossense. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas quatro lâminas de irrigação (50, 75, 100 e 125% da evapotranspiração da cultura) e nas subparcelas três cultivares de cevada (BRS Sampa, BRS Manduri e BRS 195), com quatro repetições. As cultivares de cevada diferiram apenas em número de perfilhos por planta, espiguetas por espiga e profundidade do sistema radicular. As produtividades máximas de grãos para as cultivares BRS Sampa, BRS Manduri e BRS 195 foram de 5.848, 5.449 e 4.767 kg ha-1, respectivamente. A cevada BRS Sampa apresentou valor 17% superior à produtividade divulgada pelo detentor. As lâminas de irrigação afetaram todas as características agronômicas avaliadas. Recomenda-se para o nordeste sul-mato-grossense a BRS Sampa irrigada com reposição de 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura, por não ter diferido das demais cultivares e ter sido desenvolvida para região de clima semelhante.


Subject(s)
Hordeum/growth & development , Agricultural Irrigation , Beer , Crops, Agricultural
12.
R. Ci. agrovet. ; 14(2): 109-116, 2015. graf, tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-28581

ABSTRACT

An adequate irrigation system with high efficiency application can improve vegetative growth, yields, plant height, pseudostem diameter, leaf area index and number of standing leaves on banana plants. This paper compares responses to the foot-dripping irrigation of two banana cultivars: Prata Anã and Prata Graúda. Yields and agronomic traits related to growth parameters are analyzed. The trial was carried out at Universidade Católica Dom Bosco Experimental Station in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, between December 2005 and April 2007. Traits related to production cycle were: number of days from planting to flowering and to harvesting as well as from flowering to harvest. The following production traits were evaluated: yields; bunch weight; number of hands per bunch; number of fruits per bunch; average fruit weight, diameter and length. The experimental design was random blocks in factorial scheme 2 x 2 (cultivars x irrigation) with five repetitions and three useful plants per plot. Results showed statistically significant differences between cultivars. There were also significant differences on superior development performance, yield and agronomic traits when cultivars were irrigated. It indicates that the use of strategic technologies, such as irrigation, can enhance banana production in the central part of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.(AU)


O uso adequado de sistemas de irrigação com elevada eficiência de aplicação de água pode melhorar o crescimento vegetativo, rendimento, altura de planta, diâmetro do pseudocaule, índice de área foliar e número de folhas em plantas de bananeira. Assim sendo, o presente trabalho comparou a resposta à irrigação por gotejamento de duas cultivares de banana: Prata Anã e Prata Graúda em suas características vegetativas e produtivas. O ensaio foi conduzido na Estação Experimental da Universidade Católica Dom Bosco em Campo Grande, MS, Brasil, no período de Dezembro de 2005 a Abril de 2007. As características de crescimento avaliadas foram: número de dias do plantio à colheita, do plantio ao florescimento e do florescimento à colheita. As seguintes características de produção foram avaliadas: produtividade; massa dos cachos; número de pencas e de frutos por cacho; massa, comprimento e diâmetro dos frutos da segunda penca. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualisados em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (cultivares x irrigação), com cinco repetições e três plantas úteis por parcela. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas entre as cultivares, bem como superioridade no desenvolvimento, produtividade e características vegetativas quando as cultivares foram irrigadas, indicando que o uso de tecnologias estratégicas, como a irrigação, pode potencializar a produção de banana na região central do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil.(AU)


Subject(s)
Musa/chemistry , Musa/growth & development , Agricultural Irrigation/classification , Trickling Irrigation/analysis
13.
Rev. Ciênc. Agrovet. (Online) ; 14(2): 109-116, 2015. graf, tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1488083

ABSTRACT

An adequate irrigation system with high efficiency application can improve vegetative growth, yields, plant height, pseudostem diameter, leaf area index and number of standing leaves on banana plants. This paper compares responses to the foot-dripping irrigation of two banana cultivars: Prata Anã and Prata Graúda. Yields and agronomic traits related to growth parameters are analyzed. The trial was carried out at Universidade Católica Dom Bosco Experimental Station in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, between December 2005 and April 2007. Traits related to production cycle were: number of days from planting to flowering and to harvesting as well as from flowering to harvest. The following production traits were evaluated: yields; bunch weight; number of hands per bunch; number of fruits per bunch; average fruit weight, diameter and length. The experimental design was random blocks in factorial scheme 2 x 2 (cultivars x irrigation) with five repetitions and three useful plants per plot. Results showed statistically significant differences between cultivars. There were also significant differences on superior development performance, yield and agronomic traits when cultivars were irrigated. It indicates that the use of strategic technologies, such as irrigation, can enhance banana production in the central part of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.


O uso adequado de sistemas de irrigação com elevada eficiência de aplicação de água pode melhorar o crescimento vegetativo, rendimento, altura de planta, diâmetro do pseudocaule, índice de área foliar e número de folhas em plantas de bananeira. Assim sendo, o presente trabalho comparou a resposta à irrigação por gotejamento de duas cultivares de banana: Prata Anã e Prata Graúda em suas características vegetativas e produtivas. O ensaio foi conduzido na Estação Experimental da Universidade Católica Dom Bosco em Campo Grande, MS, Brasil, no período de Dezembro de 2005 a Abril de 2007. As características de crescimento avaliadas foram: número de dias do plantio à colheita, do plantio ao florescimento e do florescimento à colheita. As seguintes características de produção foram avaliadas: produtividade; massa dos cachos; número de pencas e de frutos por cacho; massa, comprimento e diâmetro dos frutos da segunda penca. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualisados em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (cultivares x irrigação), com cinco repetições e três plantas úteis por parcela. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas entre as cultivares, bem como superioridade no desenvolvimento, produtividade e características vegetativas quando as cultivares foram irrigadas, indicando que o uso de tecnologias estratégicas, como a irrigação, pode potencializar a produção de banana na região central do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil.


Subject(s)
Agricultural Irrigation/classification , Trickling Irrigation/analysis , Musa/growth & development , Musa/chemistry
14.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 30(1): 55-64, jan./feb. 2014. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-946962

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar diferentes cultivares e sistemas de irrigação na produção de batata na região nordeste de Mato Grosso do Sul. O experimento foi realizado entre maio e setembro de 2011 e conduzido em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas dois sistemas de irrigação (Gotejamento e Tripa) e nas subparcelas três cultivares de batata (Asterix, Atlantic e CLL), no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O manejo da irrigação foi realizado por meio da obtenção da evapotranspiração e de dados do solo e cultura. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: comprimento, largura e espessura dos tubérculos, número de tubérculos por planta, produtividade comercial e eficiência do uso da água. A irrigação total necessária no sistema de irrigação por tripa superou o sistema por gotejamento devido ao maior coeficiente de localização e menor eficiência de aplicação da água. A cultivar Asterix apresentou maiores fatores biométricos de tubérculo, produtividade e eficiência de uso da água pela batata. Os sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento e tripa não afetaram a produção de batata, entretanto, o sistema por gotejamento deve ser preferido devido apresentar maior eficiência de aplicação da irrigação e de utilização da água pela cultura.


This study aimed to evaluate different cultivate and irrigation system in production of potato in the northeast of Mato Grosso do Sul State. The experience was made between May and September of 2011 and mounted in a complete randomized block, with four replications, in a split-plot design. The plots a two irrigation systems (drip irrigation and tubes of perforates plastic) and three cultivate of potato (Asterix, Atlantic and CLL). The irrigation management was by evapotranspiration and data of soil and culture. The following characteristics had been studied: length, width and thickness of tubercles, tubercle per plant number, commercial yield and water use efficiency. The necessary total irrigation in the system of irrigation for tubes of perforates plastic was greater that the drip irrigation because of the greater localized coefficient and minor irrigation efficiency. To Asterix cultivate, it presented greaters biometric factors, yield and water use efficiency. The irrigation systems had not affected the production of potato, however, the drip irrigation must be preferred because it presents a greater irrigation efficiency and water use efficiency for the culture.


Subject(s)
Solanum tuberosum , Crop Production , Agricultural Irrigation , Crop Production
15.
Ciênc. rural ; Ciênc. rural (Online);42(10): 1811-1817, out. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-651668

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de fertirrigação nitrogenada na produtividade e nas características agronômicas de plantas de almeirão, irrigadas por gotejamento. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo avaliadas nas parcelas duas formas de disposição das mangueiras gotejadoras (superficialmente sobre o solo do canteiro e subsuperficialmente) e nas subparcelas seis doses de nitrogênio: 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150kg ha-1. A forma de disposição das mangueiras afetou a produção apenas da massa fresca, com o melhor resultado sendo obtido com a irrigação subsuperficial. A produção e as características agronômicas do almeirão foram influenciadas pelas doses de nitrogênio aplicadas na água de irrigação nas duas formas de disposição das mangueiras nos canteiros. A maior eficiência financeira da adubação foi obtida com a dose de 30kg ha-1 de N nas duas formas de disposição das mangueiras gotejadoras.


In this research the objective was to evaluate the effects of different levels nitrogen fertirrigation on yield and agronomic characteristics of chicory plants irrigated by drip.The experimental design was a randomized block in split plot with two ways of using drip hoses on the ridge (on the surface and subsurface of soil) and six levels of nitrogen, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150kg ha-1.The hose layout affected the yield fresh weight only with better results obtained with subsurface irrigation.The yield and agronomic characteristics of chicory were influenced by nitrogen levels applied in irrigation water in the two forms of hoses disposition in the beds. The best economic efficiency of fertilization was obtained with 30kg N ha-1 in both forms of drip hoses disposition.

16.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1478788

ABSTRACT

In this research the objective was to evaluate the effects of different levels nitrogen fertirrigation on yield and agronomic characteristics of chicory plants irrigated by drip.The experimental design was a randomized block in split plot with two ways of using drip hoses on the ridge (on the surface and subsurface of soil) and six levels of nitrogen, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150kg ha-1.The hose layout affected the yield fresh weight only with better results obtained with subsurface irrigation.The yield and agronomic characteristics of chicory were influenced by nitrogen levels applied in irrigation water in the two forms of hoses disposition in the beds. The best economic efficiency of fertilization was obtained with 30kg N ha-1 in both forms of drip hoses disposition.


O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de fertirrigação nitrogenada na produtividade e nas características agronômicas de plantas de almeirão, irrigadas por gotejamento. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo avaliadas nas parcelas duas formas de disposição das mangueiras gotejadoras (superficialmente sobre o solo do canteiro e subsuperficialmente) e nas subparcelas seis doses de nitrogênio: 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150kg ha-1. A forma de disposição das mangueiras afetou a produção apenas da massa fresca, com o melhor resultado sendo obtido com a irrigação subsuperficial. A produção e as características agronômicas do almeirão foram influenciadas pelas doses de nitrogênio aplicadas na água de irrigação nas duas formas de disposição das mangueiras nos canteiros. A maior eficiência financeira da adubação foi obtida com a dose de 30kg ha-1 de N nas duas formas de disposição das mangueiras gotejadoras.

17.
Ci. Rural ; 42(10)2012.
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-708091

ABSTRACT

In this research the objective was to evaluate the effects of different levels nitrogen fertirrigation on yield and agronomic characteristics of chicory plants irrigated by drip.The experimental design was a randomized block in split plot with two ways of using drip hoses on the ridge (on the surface and subsurface of soil) and six levels of nitrogen, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150kg ha-1.The hose layout affected the yield fresh weight only with better results obtained with subsurface irrigation.The yield and agronomic characteristics of chicory were influenced by nitrogen levels applied in irrigation water in the two forms of hoses disposition in the beds. The best economic efficiency of fertilization was obtained with 30kg N ha-1 in both forms of drip hoses disposition.


O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de fertirrigação nitrogenada na produtividade e nas características agronômicas de plantas de almeirão, irrigadas por gotejamento. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo avaliadas nas parcelas duas formas de disposição das mangueiras gotejadoras (superficialmente sobre o solo do canteiro e subsuperficialmente) e nas subparcelas seis doses de nitrogênio: 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150kg ha-1. A forma de disposição das mangueiras afetou a produção apenas da massa fresca, com o melhor resultado sendo obtido com a irrigação subsuperficial. A produção e as características agronômicas do almeirão foram influenciadas pelas doses de nitrogênio aplicadas na água de irrigação nas duas formas de disposição das mangueiras nos canteiros. A maior eficiência financeira da adubação foi obtida com a dose de 30kg ha-1 de N nas duas formas de disposição das mangueiras gotejadoras.

18.
Ci. Rural ; 42(10)2012.
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-707941

ABSTRACT

In this research the objective was to evaluate the effects of different levels nitrogen fertirrigation on yield and agronomic characteristics of chicory plants irrigated by drip.The experimental design was a randomized block in split plot with two ways of using drip hoses on the ridge (on the surface and subsurface of soil) and six levels of nitrogen, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150kg ha-1.The hose layout affected the yield fresh weight only with better results obtained with subsurface irrigation.The yield and agronomic characteristics of chicory were influenced by nitrogen levels applied in irrigation water in the two forms of hoses disposition in the beds. The best economic efficiency of fertilization was obtained with 30kg N ha-1 in both forms of drip hoses disposition.


O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de fertirrigação nitrogenada na produtividade e nas características agronômicas de plantas de almeirão, irrigadas por gotejamento. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo avaliadas nas parcelas duas formas de disposição das mangueiras gotejadoras (superficialmente sobre o solo do canteiro e subsuperficialmente) e nas subparcelas seis doses de nitrogênio: 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150kg ha-1. A forma de disposição das mangueiras afetou a produção apenas da massa fresca, com o melhor resultado sendo obtido com a irrigação subsuperficial. A produção e as características agronômicas do almeirão foram influenciadas pelas doses de nitrogênio aplicadas na água de irrigação nas duas formas de disposição das mangueiras nos canteiros. A maior eficiência financeira da adubação foi obtida com a dose de 30kg ha-1 de N nas duas formas de disposição das mangueiras gotejadoras.

19.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 26(5): 739-746, Sept.- Oct. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-911452

ABSTRACT

Esse trabalho objetivou identificar os principais fatores de entupimento em três modelos de tubogotejadores (M1, M2 e M3), caracterizar a qualidade da água utilizada na irrigação, bem como verificar os gêneros de bactérias causadoras de entupimento. Avaliou-se a uniformidade de aplicação de água, por meio da vazão e do Coeficiente de Uniformidade Estatístico (Us). Conclui-se que todos os parâmetros de qualidade da água analisados encontravam-se dentro dos padrões desejados, com exceção do ferro. Foram identificadas ferrobactérias dos gêneros Gallionella e Leptpthrix nos tubogotejadores. Após 700 h de funcionamento do sistema, a vazão dos tubogotejadores M1 e M2 reduziu 26,13 e 27,4%, respectivamente, e o modelo M3 apresentou um incremento de 1%. Os valores de Us apresentaram reduções de 28,35; 16,25 e 12,5% para os modelos M1, M2 e M3, respectivamente.


This work objectified to identify to the main causes of clogging in three models of drip lines (M1, M2 and M3), to characterize the quality of the water used in the irrigation, as well as verifying the gender of ironbacterias causing of clogging. The uniformity of application of water was evaluated, through the discharge and the Coefficient of Statistic Uniformity (Us). In accordance with the gotten results concluded that all of the parameters of quality of the water analyzed met inside of the wanted patterns, except for the iron. The gender Gallionella and Leptpthrix had been identified in drip lines. After 700 h of operation, the discharge of the drip lines M1 and M2 reduced 26,13 and 27,4%, respectively, and increased 1% for M3. The reductions in the values of Us for model M1, M2 and M3: 28,35; 16,25 and 12,5%.


Subject(s)
Agricultural Irrigation , Iron Bacteria , Trickling Irrigation
20.
Sci. agric ; 67(1)2010.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1497033

ABSTRACT

The use of drip irrigation and marginal water is growing rapidly in some areas, highlighting the need to develop sound fertigation practices that combine environmental and crop production concerns. In this study the spatial and temporal water and solute distribution patterns are characterized to underpin fertirrigation design and management systems. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes were used to monitor the distributions of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and water from drippers discharging at a constant flow rate of 4 L h-1 in soil-filled containers. In the interactions between the different profiles, a gradient distribution of the solution in the soil was observed, with greater storage of solution close to the dripper, which decreased gradually as it approached the wetting front. To reduce leaching of fertigated ions, the frequent application of small amounts of solution during irrigation is recommended.


O uso de irrigação por gotejamento e água de reúso está crescendo rapidamente em algumas áreas, destacando a necessidade para desenvolver práticas de fertirrigação que combinem preocupações ambientais dentro da produção vegetal. Caracterizou-se espacial e temporalmente os padrões de distribuição da água e do soluto para auxiliar o dimensionamento e manejo de sistemas de fertirrigação. O experimento foi conduzido numa caixa de solo, com monitoramento por TDR da distribuição de solução de nitrato de potássio (KNO3), aplicada via gotejador de vazão de 4 L h-1. Observou-se distribuição em gradiente da solução no solo nas interações entre os perfis (umidade versus condutividade elétrica), sendo verificado maior armazenamento da solução próximo ao gotejador e, conseqüentemente, diminuição desta à medida que se aproxima da frente de molhamento. Sugere-se, para a redução da lixiviação dos íons fertirrigados, a aplicação de pequenos volumes de solução durante a irrigação, mas com maior freqüência.

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