ABSTRACT
Background The evaluation of attractiveness varies from one civilization, culture, and environment to another and between individuals. Gender can also play a role in determining the standards of attractiveness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the rater's gender on the assessment of adult facial attractiveness with a vertical and horizontal growth pattern in patients with skeletal Class I malocclusion. Methodology The study sample comprised extraoral photos taken before the treatment of 120 patients (30 males and 30 females in each group) with skeletal Class I malocclusion and vertical and horizontal growth patterns according to the Bjork sum aged between 18 and 25 years. A panel of 30 laypersons (aged 19-25 years with an average age of 23 ± 0.53 years), including raters from both genders, were selected equally using a disproportionate stratified sampling method through a computer-generated list. The raters used the visual analog scale (VAS) to provide a score for each photograph's aesthetic quality. The most attractive group, which received the greatest aesthetic score, and the least attractive group, which received the lowest aesthetic score, were the two groups formed based on each photograph's mean aesthetic scores. Overall, 13 patients were chosen for each group. Subsequently, the average assessment score for every patient photo set was determined. Independent-sample t-tests were employed to ascertain if the raters' gender made a statistically significant difference in assessing patients with vertical and horizontal growth patterns. Results There were statistically significant differences between the gender of raters in evaluating female patients with vertical growth patterns (p < 0.001), where the average rating of the female raters was significantly greater than that of the male raters in evaluating female patients. In addition, there were statistically significant differences between the gender of raters in evaluating female patients with horizontal growth patterns (p = 0.009), where the average rating of the male raters was significantly greater than that of the female raters in evaluating female patients. Conclusions There is a limited effect of the rater's gender in evaluating facial aesthetics. However, the facial features of female patients with long faces are preferred by females more than males, and males are more critical in evaluating these patients. On the other hand, males favor the facial features of female patients with short faces more than females, and females are more critical in evaluating these patients. These results suggest considering patients' personal characteristics with vertical and horizontal growth patterns during diagnosis and treatment planning.
ABSTRACT
Background This study investigated the facial angles and proportions affecting facial aesthetics in patients with skeletal class II division 1 malocclusion between those labeled the most attractive and least attractive in each gender. Methodology The study sample included pretreatment extraoral photographs of 60 patients (30 males and 30 females) with skeletal class II division 1 malocclusion according to the ANB angle aged between 18 and 21 years. A panel of 240 laypersons (aged 20-25 years; the average age of 22.5 ± 0.37 years; 120 males and 120 females) scored the aesthetic evaluation of photographs using the visual analog scale (VAS). Two groups were created according to the mean aesthetic scores of each photograph, namely, the most attractive group with the highest aesthetic scores, and the least attractive group with the least aesthetic scores. A total of 12 patients in each group were selected. Subsequently, their angular and proportional measurements on the frontal and lateral photographs were calculated. Independent-sample t-tests were used to determine if there were significant differences in these measurements between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in frontal variables between the most attractive and least attractive groups in each gender. The angle NPog-FH was significantly greater in the most attractive males than in the least attractive males, while there was no significant difference between the most attractive and least attractive females regarding any of the profile variables. Conclusions The most attractive females with class II division 1 were similar to the least attractive on evaluating the frontal and profile variables. In contrast, the most attractive males with class II division 1 malocclusion had more protrusion in the chin than the least attractive male patients, with no differences in other profile and frontal variables. These findings suggest considering the chin position during the diagnosis and treatment planning of class II division 1 malocclusion patients.
ABSTRACT
AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: The human face is the most prominent aspect in human social interactions, and therefore, it seems reasonable opting for orthodontic treatment is to overcome psychosocial difficulties relating to facial and dental appearance and enhance the quality of life in doing so. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Posteroanterior cephalograms and frontal photographs of 100 participants (50 males and 50 females) were analyzed to evaluate skeletal asymmetry by the analysis suggested by Grummons. Soft tissue facial asymmetry was analyzed by composite photographic analysis. The data were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0 software. Independent t-test was used to find the differences between different measurements. RESULTS: All participants showed mild asymmetry and right-sided laterality. The difference between the right and left sides were statistically insignificant (P > 0.01). The test revealed that only Co distance was statistically significant (P < 0.01), and all the other values are not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Composite photographs of hundred participants revealed that facedness is towards the right, however, this laterality was not statistically significant. Both posteroanterior cephalograms and composite photographs showed right-sided laterality. Gender difference in both skeletal and soft tissue asymmetry is not statistically significant.
ABSTRACT
Frontal photographs of the head in its natural position are not as easy to achieve as lateral ones. We describe a new way to obtain standard 2-dimensional images of its natural position in full-face frontal view using a customised photographic system, which may provide supplementary information for traditional lateral facial imaging, and be helpful for standard assessment of 3-dimensional facial images.