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1.
Infect Med (Beijing) ; 2(2): 128-135, 2023 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38077830

ABSTRACT

Background: In Brazil, the Ministry of Health (MH) monitors leprosy using 15 indicators, with the aim of implementing and evaluating evidence-based public policies. However, an excessive number of variables can complicate the definition of objectives and verification of epidemiological goals. Methods: In this paper, we develop the Global Leprosy Assessment Index (GLAI), a composite measure that integrates two key dimensions for the control the disease: epidemiological and operational. Using a confirmatory factor analysis model to examine 2020 state-level data, we have standardized GLAI to a range of 0 to 1. Results: Higher values within this range indicate a greater severity of the disease. The mean value of the GLAI was 0.67, with a standard deviation of 0.22. Roraima has the highest value, followed by Paraíba with 0.88 while Tocantins records the lowest value of the indicator, followed by Mato Grosso with 0.14. The epidemiological and operational indicators have a positive but statistically insignificant correlation (r = 0.25; p-value = 0.20). Conclusions: The development of evidence-based public policies depends on the availability of valid and reliable indicators. The GLAI presented in this paper is easily reproducible and can be used to monitor the disease with disaggregated information. Furthermore, the GLAI has the potential to serve as a more robust parameter for evaluating the impact of actions designed to eradicate leprosy in Brazil.

2.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet ; 159(1): 254-262, 2022 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35080264

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine fetal death rates (FDRs) according to maternal characteristics in Brazil. METHODS: A serial cross-sectional analysis was conducted based on vital statistics of the Brazilian population from 2007 to 2019. FDRs were estimated according to maternal and pregnancy characteristics. Annual percent change (APC) of FDR was assessed by joinpoint regression model. Causes of death were compared between the ante-/intrapartum periods. RESULTS: A significant reduction in FDR occurred in Brazil during 2007-2019 (11.1 and 10.43 in 2007 and 2019, respectively; APC -0.44). Only the northern region showed an increase in FDR. In 2019, the northeast and southeast had the highest and lowest FDRs, respectively (11.4 and 7.8/1000 live births). In adolescents, FDR increased from 2007 to 2016 (APC 1.75). In 2019, missing information was significantly high for maternal skin color (99.7%), schooling (17.0%), and age (7.0%) in fetal death registries. The most common causes of fetal death in the ante-/intrapartum periods were fetus and newborn affected by maternal conditions. CONCLUSION: A reduction in FDR has been achieved in Brazil over the last decade. However, there is an unmet need for decreasing social and regional disparities. A better system to attribute causes of death is needed to identifying priorities in maternal-fetal health care.


Subject(s)
Fetal Death , Prenatal Care , Adolescent , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Live Birth/epidemiology , Pregnancy
3.
Texto & contexto enferm ; 31: e20210088, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1377427

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the trend of hospitalizations due to Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions in Pediatrics in Distrito Federal, during the 2008-2018 period. Method: a time series study conducted between 2008 and 2018 with data from Distrito Federal, Brazil, in the age group from 0 to 14 years old. The data were collected in the SUS Hospital Information System, and they were used to perform trend analyses of the most frequent groups. Results: there was a trend towards a significant increase in hospitalizations in the age group studied, with an annual percentage variation of 1.42% and a confidence interval between 0.05 and 2.81. Four groups of reasons for hospitalization and diagnoses were more frequent in the period, namely: bacterial pneumonias, infectious gastroenteritis and complications, pulmonary diseases, and asthma. Among the most frequent groups, considering the study period, there was a trend towards a significant increase in pulmonary diseases (15.71%; 12.40 and 19.12); a trend towards a significant reduction in infectious gastroenteritis and complications (-5.35%; -8.01 and 2.61); and a stationary trend in bacterial pneumonias (-0.43%; -3.80 and 3.07) and asthma (3.82%; 0.57 and 8.40). Conclusion: the results of this study can contribute to the planning, evaluation and monitoring of primary care actions, as this indicator aims at indirectly evaluating access and effectiveness of this care level. In this sense, considering the results of the trend analysis performed, it can be concluded that they do not yet reflect the expected results with the expansion of FHS coverage.


RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la tendencia de las internaciones por patologías pasibles de atención primaria en Pediatría en el Distrito Federal, en el período de 2008 a 2018. Método: estudio de series temporales con datos del Distrito Federal, Brasil, en el grupo etario de 0 a 14 años, realizado entre 2008 y 2018. Los dados se recolectaron desde el Sistema de Información Hospitalaria del SUS, con los cuales se realizaron análisis de tendencia de los grupos más frecuentes. Resultados: se registró una significativa tendencia de aumento en las internaciones, dentro del grupo etario del estudio, cuya variación porcentual anual fue del 1,42% con un intervalo de confianza entre 0,05 y 2,81. Cuatro grupos de causas de internación y diagnósticos fueron más frecuentes en el período, a saber: neumonías bacterianas, gastroenteritis infecciosas y complicaciones, enfermedades pulmonares y asma. Entre los grupos más frecuentes, considerando el período del estudio, hubo una significativa tendencia de aumento en las enfermedades pulmonares (15,71%; 12,40 y 19,12); así como una significativa tendencia decreciente en las gastroenteritis infecciosas y complicaciones (-5,35%; -8,01 y 2,61) y una tendencia estacionaria en las neumonías bacterianas (-0,43%; -3,80 y 3,07) y en el asma (3,82%; 0,57 y 8,40). Conclusión: los resultados de este estudio pueden contribuir en la planificación, la evaluación y el control de las acciones en atención primaria, ya que la intención de este es evaluar indirectamente el acceso y la efectividad de este nivel de atención. En este sentido, y considerando los resultados del análisis de tendencia realizado, se puede concluir que dichos resultados todavía no reflejan los esperados con la ampliación de la cobertura de la ESF.


RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a tendência de internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária em pediatria no Distrito Federal, no período de 2008 a 2018. Método: estudo de séries temporais com dados do Distrito Federal, Brasil, na faixa etária de 0-14 anos, entre 2008 e 2018. Os dados foram coletados no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS, com os quais foram realizadas análises de tendência dos grupos mais frequentes. Resultados: houve tendência de aumento significante nas internações, na faixa etária do estudo, cuja variação percentual anual foi de 1,42% e intervalo de confiança entre 0,05 e 2,81. Quatro grupos de causas de internação e diagnósticos foram mais frequentes no período: pneumonias bacterianas, gastroenterites infecciosas e complicações, doenças pulmonares e asma. Entre os grupos mais frequentes, considerando o período do estudo, houve tendência de aumento significante nas doenças pulmonares (15,71%; 12,40 e 19,12); tendência de redução significante nas gastroenterites infecciosas e complicações (-5,35%; -8,01 e 2,61); e tendência estacionária nas pneumonias bacterianas (-0,43%; -3,80 e 3,07) e asma (3,82%; 0,57 e 8,40). Conclusão: os resultados deste estudo podem contribuir no planejamento, avaliação e monitoramento das ações da atenção primária, visto que este indicador se propõe a avaliar indiretamente acesso e efetividade desse nível de atenção. Nesse sentido, considerando os resultados da análise de tendência realizada, pode-se concluir que os mesmos não refletem, ainda, os resultados esperados com a ampliação da cobertura de ESF.

4.
Rev. baiana saúde pública ; 45(3, n.esp): 53-64, 31 dez. 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355149

ABSTRACT

A Estratégia Saúde da Família é o eixo orientador do modelo assistencial brasileiro. Uma das responsabilidades dos Estados, estabelecida na Política Nacional de Atenção Básica (PNAB), é prestar apoio institucional aos municípios no processo de implantação, acompanhamento e qualificação da Atenção Básica e de ampliação e consolidação da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Na Bahia, a Diretoria da Atenção Básica (DAB) da Secretaria da Saúde do Estado é responsável por prestar apoio institucional aos municípios, por meio dos Colegiados dos Coordenadores de Atenção Básica e de visitas técnicas às cidades. Entretanto, o estado da Bahia enfrenta escassez de recursos humanos e financeiros, em especial para acompanhar os municípios in loco cumprindo suas responsabilidades. Dessa maneira, identificou-se a necessidade de priorizar os municípios, a partir de indicadores de saúde, para o acompanhamento presencial pelos apoiadores institucionais dos níveis central e regional. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever o processo de elaboração de ferramenta informatizada para priorização de municípios para a intervenção presencial do apoio institucional da DAB e dos Núcleos Regionais de Saúde (NRS). Para compor a ferramenta, foram selecionados 13 indicadores, organizados em planilha no Microsoft Excel (2007), distribuindo os 417 municípios nas linhas e os indicadores e seus valores nas colunas. Os valores alcançados pelos municípios em cada um dos indicadores foram estratificados e ponderados de acordo com parâmetros definidos pela literatura e/ou área técnica responsável. Ao final, foi atribuída uma nota por município, sendo cinquenta a pontuação máxima possível. Assim, a partir do Instrumento de Priorização de Municípios, as cidades que apresentaram as maiores pontuações foram definidas como prioritárias para atuação dos apoiadores institucionais.


The Family Health Strategy is the guiding axis of the Brazilian care model. According to the National Primary Care Policy (PNAB), one of the responsibilities of the States is to provide institutional support to municipalities in implementing, monitoring, and qualifying primary care, as well as in expanding and consolidating the Family Health Strategy. In Bahia, the Primary Care Board (DAB) of the State Health Department is responsible for providing institutional support to municipalities through the Boards of Primary Care Coordinators and for conducting technical visits to municipalities. However, the state of Bahia faces a shortage of human and financial resources, specially to monitor the municipalities in loco, thus indicating the need for prioritizing the municipalities that will be monitored by institutional supporters based on health indicators at the central and regional levels. Thus, this paper aims to describe the development of a computerized tool for prioritizing municipalities to receive on-site intervention from the DAB and the Regional Health Departments (RHDs). Such a tool consisted of 13 indicators organized in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (2007) by distributing the 417 municipalities in the lines and the indicators and their values in the columns. The values achieved by the municipalities in each of the indicators were stratified and weighted according to parameters defined by the literature and/or responsible technical area. Then, each municipality was assigned a score, being 50 the maximum possible. The Instrument for Prioritization of Municipalities allowed for determining priority municipalities (those with the highest scores) to receive monitoring by institutional supporters.


La Estrategia de Salud Familiar es el eje orientador del modelo de atención brasileño. Una de las responsabilidades de los estados que establece la Política Nacional de Atención Primaria (PNAB) es brindar apoyo institucional a los municipios en el proceso de implementación, seguimiento y calificación de la Atención Primaria, así como en la expansión y consolidación de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar. En Bahía (Brasil), la Junta de Atención Primaria (DAB) de la Secretaría de Salud del Estado se encarga de brindar apoyo institucional a los municipios, a través del Colegio de Coordinadores de Atención Primaria y de visitas técnicas a los municipios. Sin embargo, el estado de Bahía se enfrenta a una escasez de recursos humanos y financieros, en particular en el seguimiento de los municipios in loco respecto al cumplimiento de sus responsabilidades. De esta manera, se pretende investigar la necesidad de priorizar, con base en indicadores de salud, los municipios para el seguimiento presencial por parte de los apoyos institucionales en el ámbito central y regional. Así, este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir el proceso de elaboración de una herramienta computarizada de priorización de municipios para la intervención in situ con apoyo institucional de la DAB y de los Núcleos Regionales de Salud (NRS). Para componer la herramienta se seleccionaron 13 indicadores, organizados en una hoja de cálculo de Microsoft Excel (2007), distribuyendo los 417 municipios en líneas y los indicadores y sus valores en columnas. Los valores alcanzados por los municipios en cada uno de los indicadores fueron estratificados y ponderados según parámetros definidos por la literatura y/o el área técnica responsable. Al final, se asignó una puntuación por municipio, siendo 50 la máxima puntuación posible. Así, a partir del Instrumento de Priorización de Municipios, se definieron los municipios prioritarios con mayores puntajes para el desempeño de los apoyadores institucionales.


Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Health Status Indicators
5.
Perinatol. reprod. hum ; 35(3): 99-103, sep.-dic. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406192

ABSTRACT

Resumen Antecedentes: Existe consenso en que la cesárea ha sido fundamental en la disminución de la morbimortalidad materno-infantil, sin embargo, desde 1985 expertos consultados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), concluyeron que la tasa ideal de cesáreas debe oscilar entre el 10 y el 15%. La proporción real actual supera ampliamente lo recomendado. El último informe de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE), publicado en enero de 2019, señala a Chile en el tercer lugar con mayor porcentaje de cesáreas. Este dato es preocupante, ya que el exceso de intervenciones quirúrgicas vs. parto normal se asocia a un aumento de la morbimortalidad materna y a un mayor riesgo para el recién nacido. Objetivo: Revisar los porcentajes de cesáreas en las muertes maternas, tanto en establecimientos públicos como privados de la región de Los Lagos, Chile, y detectar si existe una asociación entre cesáreas y mortalidad materna. Resultados: Se puede apreciar una relación entre las cesáreas y las muertes maternas.


Abstract Background: There is consensus that cesarean section has been essential in reducing maternal and child morbidity and mortality, however, since 1985 experts consulted by the World Health Organization (WHO), concluded that the ideal rate of cesarean sections should range between 10 and 15%. The current and real proportion exceeds what is recommended. The latest report from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), published in January 2019, places Chile in third place with the highest percentage of cesarean sections. This data is worrying since the excess of surgical interventions vs. normal delivery is associated with increased maternal morbidity and mortality and increased risk to the newborn. Objective: To review the percentages of cesarean sections in maternal deaths, both in public and private establishments in the Los Lagos region, Chile, and to detect if there is an association between cesarean sections and maternal mortality. Results: A relationship between cesarean sections and maternal deaths, can be seen.

6.
Public Health ; 162: 32-40, 2018 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29957336

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze trends in expansion of coverage of the family health strategy and hospitalization for conditions sensitive to primary care (CSPC) in a successful experience of primary healthcare expansion in Brazil. STUDY DESIGN: Ecological study with data from the Brazilian National Health Information System. METHODS: CSPC were analyzed between 1998 and 2015 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by cause groups. Trends, variation, and correlation between indicators in the period were evaluated. RESULTS: Most of the cause groups showed a reduction in hospitalization rate, particularly cardiovascular diseases and asthma, but an increase was seen for obstetric causes. The main causes of hospitalization were heart failure, cerebrovascular diseases, and bacterial pneumonia. The contribution of vaccine-preventable diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, nutritional deficiencies, and chronic lung diseases to the total number of hospitalizations was seen to decrease. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis demonstrates that the family health strategy, as access to the healthcare system, decreases the majority of CSPC hospitalization rates.


Subject(s)
Hospitalization/trends , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Brazil , Cerebrovascular Disorders/therapy , Health Information Systems , Health Services Research , Heart Failure/therapy , Humans , Pneumonia, Bacterial/therapy
7.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; Eng. sanit. ambient;23(3): 543-556, maio-jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-953254

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O Indicador de Salubridade Ambiental (ISA) foi criado, em 1999, pelo Conselho Estadual de Saneamento (Conesan) do Estado de São Paulo. Embora tenha sido formado com o objetivo de medir o nível de salubridade ambiental dos municípios paulistas, o ISA tem sido utilizado em diversas Regiões do Brasil. Além disso, ao longo desses 17 anos, o ISA vem sendo alterado em sua formulação original, de acordo com as características do local a ser avaliado, como é sugerido pelo manual que o originou. Diante disso, o objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar o estado da arte da utilização do ISA no Brasil, identificando avanços, lacunas e desafios de seu uso. Para isso, realizou-se amplo levantamento bibliográfico a fim de encontrar estudos disponíveis em meios eletrônicos que utilizaram o ISA. Foram identificados e analisados 60 casos. As Regiões Nordeste e Sul do país são as que possuem a maior quantidade de estudos e a maioria deles (41,6%) é resultado de dissertações de mestrado. Cada estudo utiliza, em média, seis indicadores de primeira ordem e a revisão bibliográfica é método preponderante para escolhê-los e ponderá-los. Por fim, foi mostrado que as diferenças entre os ISA na verdade são um empecilho para a utilização desse indicador. Uma vez que cada estudo possui suas peculiaridades em termos de indicadores, pesos e critérios de cálculo, só é possível fazer comparações dos resultados obtidos entre um mesmo estudo ao longo do tempo, mas essas diferenças impossibilitam a comparação entre os valores obtidos em diferentes estudos.


ABSTRACT The Environmental Health Indicator (Indicador de Salubridade Ambiental - ISA) was established in 1999 by the São Paulo's State Council of Sanitation (Conesan). Although this indicator was created to measure the level of environmental health of the municipalities in São Paulo state, Brazil, ISA has been applied in several other regions of Brazil. Moreover, throughout these 17 years, the original ISA formulation has been altered according with local characteristics, as suggested by the manual that originated it. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate ISA application state of the art in Brazil, by the identification of the progress, gaps, and challenges of its use. An extensive literature investigation was performed in order to find studies available in electronic media that used ISA. We identified and analyzed 60 cases. The Northeast and South regions are those with the greatest number of studies, and the majority of them (41.6%) are result of master's dissertations. Each study uses an average of six first order indicators, and the literature review is the predominant method for choosing and evaluating them. Finally, we showed that the differences between the ISAs are actually a drawback for this indicator use. Since each study has peculiarities in terms of indicators, weights, and criteria calculation, it is only possible to compare the results from the same study over time, but these differences preclude the comparison between the values obtained in different studies.

8.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 113(1-2): 94-99, 2016 Dec 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27600275

ABSTRACT

Monitoring the effects of pollution on mangrove vegetation is a challenge. A specific study using an oil spill simulation on mangrove species was conducted to address this challenge. We tested the effectiveness of the chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics as a fast and robust method to diagnose the vitality of Laguncularia racemosa. We used L. racemosa plants contaminated with marine fuel oil in mangrove microcosm models. Several parameters of the JIP-test were capable of detecting the impairment of the photosynthetic function prior to the visual manifestation of symptoms in response to oil contamination. The results support the use of the chlorophyll fluorescence transient as a reliable, fast and easy to apply diagnostic method for evaluating oil-impacted mangroves. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that consistent data showing photosynthetic impairment in response to oil contamination is shown for a mangrove tree species.


Subject(s)
Combretaceae/drug effects , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Fuel Oils/toxicity , Petroleum Pollution/analysis , Photosynthesis/drug effects , Soil Pollutants/toxicity , Trees/drug effects , Brazil , Chlorophyll/metabolism , Chlorophyll A , Combretaceae/growth & development , Combretaceae/metabolism , Ecosystem , Fuel Oils/analysis , Models, Theoretical , Soil Pollutants/analysis , Trees/growth & development , Trees/metabolism
9.
Natal; s.n; fev. 2014. 78 p. (BR).
Thesis in Portuguese | BBO - Dentistry | ID: biblio-866932

ABSTRACT

Dentre os vários aspectos da saúde do idoso, a saúde bucal merece atenção especial pelo fato de que, historicamente, nos serviços odontológicos, não se considera esse grupo populacional como prioridade de atenção. Por isso, se faz necessária a produção de um indicador multidimensional capaz de mensurar todas as alterações bucais encontradas em um idoso, facilitando a categorização da saúde bucal como um todo. Tal indicador representará um importante instrumento capaz de elencar prioridades de atenção voltadas à população idosa. Portanto, o estudo em questão propõe a produção e validação de um indicador de saúde bucal a partir dos dados secundários coletados pelo projeto SB Brasil 2010 referente ao grupo etário de 65 a 74 anos. A amostra foi representada pelos 7619 indivíduos do grupo etário de 65 a 74 anos que participaram da pesquisa nas 5 (cinco) regiões do Brasil. Tais indivíduos foram submetidos à avaliação epidemiológica das condições de saúde bucal, a partir dos índices CPO-d, CPI e PIP. Além disso, verificou-se o uso e necessidade de prótese, bem como características sociais, econômicas e demográficas. Uma análise fatorial identificou um número relativamente pequeno de fatores comuns, através da análise de componentes principais. Após a nomenclatura dos fatores, foi realizada a soma dos escores fatoriais por indivíduo. Por último, a dicotomização dessa soma nos forneceu o indicador de saúde bucal proposto. Para esse estudo foram incluídas na análise fatorial 12 variáveis de saúde bucal oriundas do banco de dados do SB Brasil 2010 e, também 3 variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas. Com base no critério de Kaiser, observa-se que foram retidos cinco fatores que explicaram 70,28% da variância total das variáveis incluídas no modelo. O fator 1 (um) explica sozinho 32,02% dessa variância, o fator 2 (dois) 14,78%, enquanto que os fatores 3 (três), 4 (quatro) e 5 (cinco) explicam 8,90%, 7,89% e 6,68%, respectivamente. Por meio das cargas fatoriais, o fator um foi denominado "dente hígido e pouco uso de prótese", o dois "doença periodontal presente", o três "necessidade de reabilitação", já o quarto e quinto fator foram denominados de "cárie" e "condição social favorável", respectivamente. Para garantir a representatividade do indicador proposto, realizou-se uma segunda análise fatorial em uma subamostra da população de idosos investigados. Por outro lado, a aplicabilidade do indicador produzido foi testada por meio da associação do mesmo com outras variáveis do estudo. Por fim, Cabe ressaltar que, o indicador aqui produzido foi capaz de agregar diversas informações a respeito da saúde bucal e das condições sociais desses indivíduos, traduzindo assim, diversos dados em uma informação simples, que facilita o olhar dos gestores de saúde sobre as reais necessidades de intervenções em relação à saúde bucal de determinada população. (AU)


Among the various aspects of the health in the elderly, oral health deserves special attention by the fact that, historically, the dental services not considered this population group as a priority for attention. Therefore, the production of a multidimensional indicator capable of measuring all oral abnormalities found in an elderly is necessary, facilitating the categorization of oral health as a whole. This indicator will be an important instrument to list priorities for attention focused on the elderly population. Therefore, the present study proposes the production and validation an indicator of oral health from the secondary data collected by the project SB Brasil 2010 concerning the age group 65-74 years. The sample was represented by 7619 individuals of the age group 65-74 years participated in the survey in five (5) regions of Brazil. These subjects underwent epidemiological assessment of oral health conditions, from DMFT, CPI and PIP indices. In addition, there was the use and need for prostheses, as well as social, economic and demographic characteristics. A factor analysis identified a relatively small number of common factors by principal components analysis. After naming the factors, was performed the sum of the factor scores for the individual. Finally, the dichotomy that sum provided in the proposed indicator of oral health. For this study were included in the factor analysis of 12 variables derived from the oral health database SB Brasil 2010 and also 3 socioeconomic and demographic variables. Based on the Kaiser criterion, it is observed that five factors that explained 70.28% of the total variance of the variables included in the model were retained. Factor 1 (one) alone explains 32.02% of variance, factor 2 (two) 14.78%, while the factors three (3) four (4) and five (5) explain 8.90% 7.89% and 6.68%, respectively. By means of factor loadings, factor one was called " healthy tooth and little prosthesis use," the second "gift periodontal disease," the three 'need for rehabilitation, "already the fourth and fifth factor was called" decay "and "favorable social condition", respectively. To ensure the representativeness of the proposed indicator, there was a second factor analysis on a subsample of the elderly population investigated. Moreover, the applicability of the indicator produced was tested by the same association with other variables in the study. Finally, it is worth noting that the indicator produced here has put together various information about oral health and social conditions of these individuals, translating so many data in a simple information, which facilitates the look of health managers about the real needs assistance with their oral health of a given population. (AU)


Subject(s)
Dental Care for Aged , Delivery of Health Care , Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology , Aged , Dental Health Surveys , Health Policy , Oral Health , Health of the Elderly , Dental Health Services , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Surveys and Questionnaires
10.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop;46(2): 190-195, Mar-Apr/2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-674640

ABSTRACT

Introduction The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial behavior of the occurrence of trachoma cases detected in the City of Bauru, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2006 in order to use the information collected to set priority areas for optimization of health resources. Methods the trachoma cases identified in 2006 were georeferenced. The data evaluated were: schools where the trachoma cases studied, data from the 2000 Census, census tract, type of housing, water supply conditions, distribution of income and levels of education of household heads. In the Google Earth® software and TerraView® were made descriptive spatial analysis and estimates of the Kernel. Each area was studied by interpolation of the density surfaces exposing events to facilitate to recognize the clusters. Results Of the 66 cases detected, only one (1.5%) was not a resident of the city's outskirts. A positive association was detected of trachoma cases and the percentage of heads of household with income below three minimum wages and schooling under eight years of education. Conclusions The recognition of the spatial distribution of trachoma cases coincided with the areas of greatest social inequality in Bauru City. The micro-areas identified are those that should be prioritized in the rationalization of health resources. There is the possibility of using the trachoma cases detected as an indicator of performance of micro priority health programs. .


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Geographic Information Systems , Geographic Mapping , Health Resources/statistics & numerical data , Trachoma/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Socioeconomic Factors
11.
Medisan ; 16(10): 1579-1595, oct. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-660114

ABSTRACT

El incremento de la cesárea, que constituye la operación obstétrica más comúnmente efectuada, ha sido motivo de preocupación en los últimos años. En esta revisión se ha perseguido identificar básicamente los problemas que genera este aumento, a fin de que pueda servir no solo como estrategia para el análisis y control de la ejecución de ese proceso en los servicios de obstetricia, sino como herramienta de trabajo para los gerentes de salud; pero en el artículo se ha tratado también lo concerniente al impacto de este tipo de cirugía en la morbilidad y mortalidad maternas, por lo cual se concluye que este es un proceder quirúrgico que debe reservarse para cuando exista una fundamentación científica confirmada para su realización, con vistas a garantizar el resultado exitoso en el binomio madre-hijo.


The increase of cesarean section, that constitutes the most commonly obstetric operation carried out, has been reason of concern in the last years. The aim in this review has been to identify basically the problems generated by this increase, so that it can serve not only as strategy for the analysis and control of that process in the surgical services, but also as work tool for the health managers; the work has also dealt with impact of this surgery type in the maternal morbidity and mortality, reason why it is concluded that this is a surgical procedure that should be reserved in case of a confirmed scientific reason for its realization, for guaranteeing the successful result in the binomial mother-son.

12.
Rev. salud pública ; Rev. salud pública;11(1): 92-99, ene.-feb. 2009. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-523864

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Aplicar la metodología de las cartas de control estadístico de procesos (SPC) en la vigilancia de la mortalidad perinatal, indicador de la salud materno-perinatal. Método Las cartas de control fueron elaboradas utilizando 286 muertes perinatales y los 51 840 nacimientos, ocurridos en la Empresa Promotora de Salud SUSALUD, entre enero de 2004 y diciembre de 2007. Se elaboraron dos cartas de control, la primera se hizo teniendo en cuenta como línea central la proporción de muertes perinatales en cada uno de los meses y como límites superior e inferior de control la proporción de muertes ±3 SD, la segunda se elaboró calculando los logits de las proporciones de las muertes perinatales. Resultados Se construyeron dos cartas control para la vigilancia de la mortalidad perinatal. La primera tuvo en cuenta las proporciones de muertes perinatales para cada uno de los meses dando un promedio para el proceso de cinco muertes perinatales por cada mil nacimientos (p=0,005), para la segunda carta control se calcularon los logits de las proporciones de muertes perinatales. Conclusiones Disponer de las cartas SPC para el monitoreo y posterior análisis de la mortalidad perinatal, permitirá detectar rápidamente los cambios en la calidad del servicio, evaluar aspectos de la calidad de la atención materno-infantil y programar intervenciones específicas.


Objective Applying statistical process control (SPC) charts in perinatal mortality surveillance (as an epidemiological indicator). Method The control charts were prepared using 51,840 births; 286 cases were produced from these births. All information came from SUSALUD between January 2004 and December 2007. Two control charts are presented; the first one's central line was considered to be the proportion of cases + 3 SD and the second one used the logits from the percentages of cases. Results Two control charts were prepared for monitoring perinatal mortality. The first considered the percentage of cases per month and an average of five cases per one thousand births was obtained (p=0.005). The logits were used for the second chart. Conclusions Having SPC charts available for monitoring and analysing perinatal mortality will allow changes in service quality to be quickly detected and let aspects regarding the quality of the service being provided for mothers and the newborn to be evaluated. Specific interventions can also be programmed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Perinatal Mortality/trends , Life Tables , Population Surveillance
13.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.);13(4): 1257-1264, jul.-ago. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-488826

ABSTRACT

Verifica-se uma positiva reversão de expectativa das condições gerais de saúde da população idosa, possivelmente devido ao progresso da tecnologia médica, mudanças comportamentais, desenvolvimento de programas específicos para idosos, elevação do status socioeconômico e modificações no padrão epidemiológico da população. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar diferenciais sociodemográficos nas taxas de prevalência de incapacidade em mobilidade física entre os idosos no Brasil. Os dados utilizados foram os da PNAD, de 1998 e 2003, realizada pelo IBGE, envolvendo duas amostras, representativas nacionalmente, de 28.943 e de 35.042 pessoas de 60 anos ou mais. A escolha do indicador de incapacidade funcional recaiu sobre a variável "dificuldade para caminhar cerca de 100 metros". As medidas de status sociodemográfico incluíram sexo, grupos de idade, região de residência e renda familiar mensal per capita. Houve redução, estatisticamente significativa, das taxas de prevalência de incapacidade funcional, em mobilidade física, entre as pessoas idosas, no período considerado. As políticas públicas direcionadas para os idosos devem focalizar a ampliação da diminuição da carga da capacidade funcional.


There is a positive reversion in the expectations regarding the health condition of the elderly population, possibly due to the progresses in medical technology; behavioural changes; development of special programmes for the elderly; improvements in the socio-economic status; decrease of infectious diseases. This study aims analyzing differentials in the prevalence rates of mobility disability among elderly people in Brazil. The data used were from 'The 1998 and 2003 National Household Survey (PNAD)', conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geographic and Statistics (IBGE). The two samples were nationally representative, including approximately 30 thousand individuals aged 60 years or more respectively. "Difficulty to walk more than 100 meters" was the variable selected as the indicator of disability. Socio-demographic status measures were sex, age group, region of residence and family income per capita. Comparison of the PNAD results of 1998 and 2003 showed that over that period in Brazil the elderly disability rates decreased among all socio-demographic groups considered. Public policies directed to the elderly must focus on reducing mobility disability.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Geriatric Assessment , Health Status Disparities , Mobility Limitation , Brazil , Socioeconomic Factors
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