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1.
J Appl Behav Anal ; 57(3): 784-797, 2024 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38515350

ABSTRACT

Rodriguez et al. (2022) discovered that teaching four component skills was sufficient to facilitate the emergence of intraverbal tacts across four applications with three participants. Our study replicated and evaluated an extension of this procedure that was directed at facilitating intraverbal tacts when a child learns the component skills but continues to fail to produce intraverbal tacts. The extension consisted of procedures to enhance the divergent control exerted by the auditory stimulus (i.e., the question) and the discriminability of joint control. Intraverbal tacts emerged for all three participants after undergoing the extension procedures. These results are discussed in the context of a conceptual analysis of intraverbal tacts and the potential role of joint control.


Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder , Humans , Male , Child , Female , Autistic Disorder/psychology , Child, Preschool , Verbal Behavior
2.
Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto, Online) ; 34: e3415, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1569373

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Toddlers (children aged 1 to 3 years) may have difficulties responding as a speaker to objects/events for which they have been taught to respond as a listener. This study aimed to perform a methodologically robust evaluation of the effectiveness of a Multiple Exemplar Instruction teaching (MEI) consisting only of listener (auditory-visual matching-to-sample) and speaker tasks (intraverbal tact), in inducing Unidirectional Speaker Naming in toddlers with typical development. Thus, three toddlers aged between 28 and 29 months were exposed to: listener and speaker pre-tests with auditory stimuli and two-dimensional visual stimuli; listener teaching; listener and speaker post-test 1; MEI; and listener and speaker post-test 2. In post-test 2, one toddler showed emergence of Unidirectional Speaker Naming. The findings of this study may help to refine language teaching procedures for toddlers.


Resumo: Crianças bem pequenas (1 a 3 anos de idade) podem apresentar dificuldades em responder como falante para objetos/eventos para os quais foram ensinadas a responder como ouvinte. Este estudo objetivou realizar uma avaliação metodologicamente robusta da eficácia de um Ensino por Múltiplos Exemplares (MEI, no acrônimo em inglês), constituído apenas por tarefas de ouvinte (emparelhamento ao modelo auditivo-visual) e de falante (tato intraverbal), na indução de Nomeação Unidirecional de Falante em crianças bem pequenas com desenvolvimento típico. Assim, três crianças com idades entre 28 e 29 meses foram expostas a: pré-testes de ouvinte e falante com estímulos auditivos e estímulos visuais bidimensionais; ensino de ouvinte; pós-teste 1 de ouvinte e falante; MEI; pós-teste 2 de ouvinte e falante. No pós-teste 2 uma criança apresentou emergência de Nomeação Unidirecional de Falante. Os achados deste estudo poderão contribuir para o refinamento de procedimentos de ensino de linguagem para crianças bem pequenas.


Resumen: Los niños muy pequeños (1 a 3 años) pueden tener dificultades para responder como hablantes a objetos/eventos a los que se les ha enseñado a responder como oyentes. Este estudio buscó llevar a cabo una evaluación metodológicamente robusta de la eficacia de una Enseñanza por Múltiples Ejemplares (MEI, del acrónimo en inglés), consistente únicamente en tareas de oyente (igualación a la muestra auditivo-visual) y hablante (tacto intraverbal), para inducir el Nombramiento Unidireccional de Hablante en niños muy pequeños con desarrollo típico. Así, tres niños de entre 28 y 29 meses fueron expuestos a: prepruebas de oyente y hablante con estímulos auditivos y estímulos visuales bidimensionales; enseñanza de oyente; posprueba 1 de oyente y hablante 1; MEI; posprueba 2 de oyente y hablante. En la posprueba 2, un niño mostró la aparición de la denominación unidireccional del hablante. Los hallazgos de este estudio podrían contribuir a perfeccionar los procedimientos de enseñanza del lenguaje para niños muy pequeños.

3.
Psicol. (Univ. Brasília, Online) ; 40: e40204, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1569417

ABSTRACT

Abstract Studies using teaching techniques derived from Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) principles have shown promising results, based on empirical evidence, in teaching speaker and listener behavior to individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Our objective was to compare the effects of two teaching procedures on the acquisition of intraverbal-tact and listener relations involving spatial relations concerning body parts in six boys with autism. In "intraverbal-tact-to-listener", questions in the presence of non-verbal stimulus were taught and then tested for emergence of listener responding. In "listener-to-intraverbal-tact", listener responses were initially taught and the emergence of intraverbal-tact responses were tested. An alternate treatment design with an embedded nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across participants was used. The results suggest that the intraverbal-tact-to-listener protocol was more effective. Such data concerning to body parts spatial relations replicate findings for other repertoires.


Resumo Estudos utilizando técnicas de ensino derivadas dos princípios da Análise do Comportamento Aplicada (ABA) têm mostrado resultados promissores, baseados em evidências empíricas, no ensino de comportamento de falante e de ouvinte para indivíduos com diagnóstico de Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA). Nosso objetivo foi comparar os efeitos de dois procedimentos de ensino na aquisição de tato-intraverbal e de relações de ouvinte envolvendo relações espaciais para partes do corpo em seis meninos com TEA. No "tato-intraverbal-para-ouvinte", perguntas na presença de estímulos não verbais foram ensinadas e então testadas para o surgimento de respostas de ouvinte. No "ouvinte-para-tato-intraverbal", as respostas de ouvinte foram inicialmente ensinadas e a emergência de respostas de tato-intraverbais foram testadas. Foi usado um delineamento de tratamento alternado acoplado a um delineamento de linha de base múltipla não simultânea entre os participantes. Os resultados sugerem que o protocolo "tato-intraverbal-para-ouvinte" foi mais eficaz. Esses dados relativos às relações espaciais das partes do corpo replicam achados para outros repertórios.

4.
J Appl Behav Anal ; 55(2): 412-429, 2022 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34978335

ABSTRACT

Intraverbal tacts are an example of multiply controlled verbal behavior. More specifically, they are verbal responses under control of both a nonverbal (visual) stimulus (e.g., a green ball) and a verbal (auditory) stimulus (e.g., "What color?" vs. "What shape?"). Studies have shown that verbal behavior training can be arranged in a way that would lead to the emergence of other verbal operants, including multiply controlled (convergent) intraverbals. Our study sought to evaluate the relevance of a specific set of component skills on the emergence of intraverbal tacts in children with an autism spectrum disorder. Intraverbal tacts were observed only when all component skills were mastered, suggesting that this set of skills was sufficient to produce emergent verbal performance. Preliminary data were obtained on the necessity of 4 of the 6 component skills and tentatively suggest that they may be necessary to produce emergent intraverbal tacts, at least under some conditions.


Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder , Child , Humans , Verbal Behavior/physiology
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