Biological properties of a novel solution based on silver nanoclusters for arresting dentin caries.

Objectives: To test the biological properties of a novel non-restorative treatment method for arresting dentin caries based on silver nanoclusters (AgNCls) synthesized in polymethacrylic acid (PMAA). Methods: Synthesis of AgNCls was performed by photoreduction of AgNO3 in PMAA with 355 nm/wavelength light. AgNCls/PMAA was characterized by absorption/fluorescence spectroscopy and optical and atomic force microscopy. The stability of the clusters in an aerated PMAA solution was evaluated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay and antibacterial effect was determined for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and colony forming (CFU) of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus). 38% Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF) was used for the control groups. Results: Chemical and structural identity of the clusters did not change within 9 months; Cell viability of 92%-89% was found after 24-48 h respectively. MIC and MBC were determined from 1:16 and 1:8 dilutions, respectively. Log CFU counts of S. mutans, and L. acidophilus treated with AgNCls/PMAA (3.4 ppm of silver) were significantly lower than in the control groups and even lower than when the same bacterial strains were treated with SDF (15,525 ppm of silver). Conclusions: AgNCls/PMAA presented chemical stability, acceptable cytotoxicity, and a potential antibacterial effect for strains associated with caries lesions at very low concentrations of silver.

Minimally Invasive Laminate Veneer Therapy for Maxillary Central Incisors.

Minimally invasive dentistry is a considered process that requires the clinician to be prepared with the ideal sequence and the tools needed. This report describes a well-planned ultraconservative approach using only two ceramic laminate veneers for the maxillary central incisors to significantly improve the patient's overall smile. A 30-year-old female presented with the chief complaints of having diastemas between the central and lateral incisors as well as incisal wear. Diagnostic wax-up and mock-up were performed, and the patient approved the minimally invasive treatment with veneers only for central incisors. A reduction guide aided the conservative tooth preparations, and hand-crafted feldspathic veneers were bonded under total isolation with a rubber dam. The two final conservative veneers significantly improved the smile and fulfilled the patient's expectations. Following proper planning and sequencing, predictable outcomes were obtained and fulfilled the patient's esthetic demands. Minimally invasive restorative dentistry with only two single veneers can impact the entire smile frame. Overtreatment in the esthetic zone is unnecessary to meet a patient's esthetic expectations.

CAD-CAM natural restorations-Reproducing nature using a digital workflow.

OBJECTIVES: Natural restorations combine digital workflow and shell technique to create CAD/CAM restorations with the form and texture of natural teeth. This case report describes an interdisciplinary digital workflow combined with CAD/CAM natural restorations to achieve the naturalness of an anterior rehabilitation. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: A 38-year-old patient attended to the office with esthetic issues. An interdisciplinary treatment plan was conducted, which included periodontal surgery to recreate the gingival contour, associated with bleaching and manufacturing CAD/CAM ceramic veneers to return an optimal teeth surface texture and shape. CONCLUSIONS: The design and manufacturing of CAD/CAM natural restorations using a digital workflow allowed a predictable result and overcame the limitations of conventional shell technique. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Conventional shell technique is used to create restorations with the form and texture of natural teeth. This article presents a combination of the conventional shell technique with a digital workflow, facilitating the design and manufacturing of CAD/CAM natural restorations.

Pasado, presente y futuro de la cariología / Past, Present, and Future of Cariology

Presentamos una breve revisión de la evolución de los conceptos asociados a la epidemiología, diagnóstico, etiología y tratamiento de la caries para proveer una actualización y orientación a los profesionales odontológicos. El término caries incluye la patología y su signo clínico. La patología involucra una disbiosis del biofilm normal bucal que responde de manera dinámica a la dieta rica en azúcares, metabolizando ácidos que generan la lesión de caries. Actualmente el diagnóstico comienza con la evaluación del riesgo cariogénico seguido de la detección de lesiones y la evaluación de su actividad. Para el tratamiento se indican aquellas intervenciones que permiten el control de la actividad del biofilm y recuperar los tejidos dentarios dañados mediante intervención mínima. En el futuro, intervenciones que reduzcan el consumo de azúcar, unido al conocimiento del microbioma, al uso de inteligencia artificial y uso de materiales biomiméticos permitirán un manejo personalizado para mantener y recuperar la salud oral individual. Finalmente, para trasladar los avances científicos de la cariología a la práctica clínica se requieren urgentes cambios en la educación y el contexto en que luego trabaja un profesional odontológico.

We present a brief review of the evolution of the concepts associated with the epidemiology, diagnosis, etiology and treatment of caries, to provide an update and orientation for dental professionals. The term "caries" includes the disease and its clinical sign. The disease involves a dysbiosis of the normal oral biofilm that responds dynamically to a sugar-rich diet, metabolizing acids that result in caries lesions. Currently, the diagnosis begins with the evaluation of cariogenic risk, followed by the detection of lesions and the evaluation of their activity. For the treatment, interventions allowing the control of biofilm activity and the recovery of damaged dental tissues through minimal intervention are indicated. In the future, interventions reducing sugar consumption, together with the knowledge of the microbiome, the use of artificial intelligence and the use of biomimetic materials will allow for a personalized management to maintain and recover individual oral health. Finally, to transfer the scientific advances made in cariology to the clinical practice, urgent changes are required in education and in the context in which the dental professional works.

Ultrasound device as a minimally invasive approach for caries dentin removal

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an ultrasound device and the dentin surface morphology after removal of the caries dentin lesions by removal rate and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Knoop hardness test on the bovine dentin blocks (n = 20, 4x4x2mm) was performed to standardize the samples and only those with 38 ± 2 KHN were included. The dentin blocks were submitted to induction of artificial caries lesions, using the bacterial model. Strains of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus were used for 7 days. The caries dentin lesion was removed for 1 min, according to two methods: G1 - carbide bur under low-speed rotation (control group) and G2 - ultrasound device under refrigeration. For the removal rate, the samples were weighed 3 times: T0 (before induction), T1 (after induction) and T2 (after removal). Morphology evaluation of the residual dentin surface was performed by SEM. Data normality was verified by Shapiro-Wilk test (p ≥ 0.240). T-test for independent samples was applied to evaluate the removal rate. A significance level of 5% was adopted. G2 provided lower removal rate than G1 (G1: 3.68 mg and G2 = 2.26 mg). SEM images showed different morphological characteristics between the groups. G2 showed absent of smear layer, while G1 showed a visible smear layer over the surface. We concluded that ultrasound device provides minimally invasive removal with residual dentin exhibiting open dentin tubules and no smear layer formation and no bacteria, which infer the removal of the infected tissue.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de um dispositivo ultrassônico e a morfologia da superfície dentinária após a remoção da dentina cariada por meio da taxa de remoção e imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Foi realizado o teste de dureza Knoop nas amostras de dentina bovina (n = 20, 4x4x2mm) afim de padronizar as amostras e foram incluídas apenas aquelas com 38 ± 2 KHN. As amostras de dentina foram submetidas à indução de lesões artificiais de cárie, utilizando-se modelo biológico contendo cepas de Streptococcus mutans e Lactobacillus acidophilus durante por 7 dias. As lesões foram removidas por 1 min, de acordo com dois métodos: G1 - fresa esférica sob baixa rotação (grupo controle) e G2 - dispositivo ultrassônico sob refrigeração. Para a taxa de remoção, as amostras foram pesadas em três tempos: T0 (antes da indução), T1 (após a indução) e T2 (após a remoção). A avaliação morfológica da superfície residual da dentina foi realizada por MEV. A normalidade dos dados foi verificada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk (p ≥ 0,240). Teste T para amostras independentes foi aplicado para avaliar a taxa de remoção. Foi adotado nível de significância de 5%. G2 apresentou menor taxa de remoção que G1 (G1: 3,68 mg e G2 = 2,26 mg). As imagens de MEV mostraram características morfológicas diferentes entre os grupos. G2 mostrou ausência de smear layer, enquanto G1 mostrou grande quantidade de smear layer sobre a superfície. Com base neste estudo in vitro, o dispositivo de ultrassom promoveu remoção minimamente invasiva e dentina residual exibindo túbulos dentinários abertos e mínima formação de smear layer.

Chemo-mechanical removal versus conventional removal for deep caries lesion. / Remoción química – mecánica comparada con remoción total convencional para lesiones de caries dentinarias profundas.

INTRODUCTION: Dental caries have been traditionally managed with the non-selective removal of carious tissue (total removal). However, the adverse effects and fear that this technique produces in patients has promoted the use of more conservative caries removal techniques such as chemo-mechanical removal, but there is still controversy regarding its effectiveness and safety. METHODS: We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings tables using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified seven systematic reviews including 34 studies overall, of which 30 correspond to randomized trials. We concluded that chemo-mechanical caries removal probably reduces the need for anesthesia. Additionally, chemo-mechanical caries removal may decrease the pain experienced by the patient, decrease the risk of restoration failure and increase the time of the procedure for the removal of deep caries, but the certainty of the evidence is low. We are uncertain whether chemo-mechanical caries removal reduces the risk of pulp exposure as the certainty of the evidence has been assessed as very low.

INTRODUCCION: La caries dental tradicionalmente es manejada con la remoción no selectiva del tejido carioso (remoción total). Sin embargo, los efectos adversos y el temor que produce esta técnica en los pacientes ha promovido la utilización de técnicas de remoción de caries más conservadoras como la remoción químico-mecánica, pero aún existe controversia respecto a su efectividad y seguridad. MÉTODOS: Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metaanálisis y preparamos tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Identificamos siete revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron 34 estudios primarios, de los cuales 30 corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que la remoción químico-mecánica de caries probablemente disminuye la necesidad de anestesia. Además, podría disminuir el dolor que experimenta el paciente, disminuir el riesgo del fracaso de la restauración y aumentar el tiempo del procedimiento, pero la certeza de la evidencia es baja. No es posible establecer con claridad si la remoción químico- mecánica disminuye el riesgo de exposición pulpar debido a que la certeza de la evidencia existente ha sido evaluada como muy baja.

Materiais inteligentes na odontologia minimamente invasiva: remoção, recuperação e restauração da dentina / Smart materials in minimally invasive dentistry: dentin removal, recovery and restoration

O objetivo da presente tese foi analisar as características das interações de materiais inteligentes quando aplicados em dentina, avaliando as técnicas de remoção, a recuperação e a restauração do tecido cariado. Para isso, foram realizados 6 estudos englobando os conceitos atuais da odontologia de mínima intervenção. O primeiro estudo consiste em uma revisão bibliométrica, que realizou um levantamento nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Lilacs/BBO e Embase, evidenciando o potencial bioativo dos materiais estudados e a necessidade de testá-los em dentina totalmente ou parcialmente desmineralizada através de estudos laboratoriais. O segundo estudo visou comparar in vitro diferentes técnicas para remoção de cárie artificialmente produzidas: o uso de broca, cureta e dois agentes químico-mecânicos (Papacárie Duo Gel®, Fórmula e Ação e Brix3000®, Brix Medical Science). Para isso, foram realizados escaneamentos em micro-CT antes e após a remoção de cárie com o intuito de comparar o volume e a densidade mineral da dentina, demonstrando que não houve diferença entre as técnicas quanto a quantidade de tecido removido (p>0,05). Além disso, nesse mesmo estudo, foi avaliado o potencial de cimentos de polialquenoato (Poly Zinc®, Prevest DenPro e Ketac Molar®, 3M ESPE) na recuperação da densidade mineral da dentina remanescente, mostrando que o cimento de policarboxilato de zinco apresentou um desempenho melhor (33,6%) quando comparado ao cimento de ionômero de vidro (6%; p<0,01). Quanto à seletividade in vitro dos agentes químico-mecânicos à base de papaína, um terceiro estudo foi conduzido, testando as alterações na morfologia e rugosidade superficial da dentina hígida antes e após a aplicação dos géis, comprovando que esses géis são específicos e seguros, sendo que os valores da rugosidade superficial não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas (p>0,05). No quarto estudo foi avaliado in vitro a interação de materiais restauradores liberadores de íons aplicados sobre a dentina artificialmente cariada. Excetuando o compósito resinoso testado (Aura®, SDI), tanto o cimento de ionômero de vidro (Fuji IX®, GC) quanto os cimentos a base de silicato de cálcio (Endo-pass®, DEI e Theracal®, Bisco) provocaram precipitação mineral na interface com a dentina. Esses resultados foram confirmados através de análises quantitativas (α = 5%) e qualitativas. O quinto estudo analisou in vitro dois cimentos de ionômero de vidro modificados por resina (CIVMR; Ionolux®, VOCO e ACTIVA®, Pulpdent) quando aplicados sobre sistemas adesivos universais simplificados (Futurabond®, VOCO e Scotchbond®, 3M) com o objetivo de comparar a força de união a longo prazo desses materiais aplicados sobre dentina. Foi possível constatar que a composição dos sistemas adesivos influencia mais do que o protocolo de aplicação, seja a aplicação convencional ou autocondicionante. Entretanto, quando bem empregados, os CIVMR, podem melhorar a longevidade de adesão desses sistemas adesivos (p<0,05). O sexto estudo consiste em uma revisão de literatura narrativa que apresenta os materiais liberadores de íons disponíveis no mercado, seus mecanismos ação e suas indicações clínicas. Com isso, pode-se concluir que grande parte dos estudos sobre materiais bioativos ainda são limitados a experimentos in vitro e que, apesar de apresentarem resultados positivos quanto a sua bioatividade em recuperar densidade e promover precipitação mineral, esses resultados ainda não podem ser extrapolados clinicamente. Quanto as técnicas de remoção seletiva de cárie, talvez conhecer os conceitos biológicos, fisiológicos e químicos dos processos seja mais importante do que a técnica aplicada em si. Isso também serve no emprego dos materiais bioativos já disponíveis no mercado, que de acordo com a sua composição, a indicação clínica pode variar. (AU)

The aim of the present study was to analyze the type of interactions between smart materials and dentin by studying the techniques for carious tissue removal, dentin recovery and tissue restoration. In order to do this, 6 studies were carried out, involving the current concepts of minimally invasive dentistry. The first study consisted of a bibliometric review, in which we carried out a survey in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Lilacs/BBO and Embase databases, on the bioactive potential of restorative materials and their effect in sound, completely or partially demineralized dentin through laboratory studies. The second study aimed to compare in vitro different techniques for dentin caries removal: drill, hand excavator and two chemical-mechanical agents (Papacárie Duo Gel®, Fórmula e Ação and Brix3000®, Brix Medical Sciences). In order to do this, micro-CT scans were performed before and after caries removal to compare the volume and mineral density of dentin, and the results showed no difference among the techniques regarding the amount of tissue removed (p>0.05). At the same study, the potential of polyalkenoate cements (Poly Zinc®, Prevest DenPro and Ketac Molar®, 3M ESPE) to recover mineral density of the remaining dentin was evaluated, showing that the zinc polycarboxylate cement presented higher performance (33.6%) compared to the glass ionomer cement (6%; p<0.01). To test the in vitro selectivity of the chemical-mechanical agents based on papain, a third study was conducted to test the changes in the morphology and surface roughness of sound dentin before and after the application of papain gels. The results showed that they are specific and safe, as the surface roughness values after application were not statistically significant different (p>0.05). The fourth study evaluated in vitro the interaction of ion-releasing restorative materials applied on artificially carious dentin. With the exception of the resin composite (Aura®, SDI), both glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX®, GC) and calcium silicate-based cements (Endo-pass®, DEI and Theracal®, Bisco) resulted in mineral precipitation at the interface with dentin. These results were confirmed through quantitative (α= 5%) and qualitative analyses. The fifth study analyzed in vitro two resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGIC; Ionolux®, VOCO and ACTIVA®, Pulpdent) when applied with simplified universal adhesive systems (Futurabond®, VOCO and Scotchbond®, 3M) with the aim to compare the long-term bond strength between these materials and dentin. It was possible to verify that the composition of the adhesive systems influenced more than the application protocol (conventional or self-etch mode). However, RMGIC can improve the longevity of adhesion of these adhesive systems (p<0.05). The sixth study consisted of a narrative critical literature review presenting the ion-releasing materials available on the market, their mechanisms of action and their clinical indications. It can be thus concluded that most studies on bioactive materials are still limited to in vitro experiments and, despite showing positive results regarding bioactivity in recovering density and promoting mineral precipitation, these results still can not be extrapolated to clinical applications. Regarding the selective potential of caries removal techniques, the knowledge of biological, physiological and chemical concepts of the processes is more important than the technique used. This can be also applied to the use of bioactive materials available on the market, which according to their composition, may present different clinical indications and applications. (AU)

El objetivo de la presente tesis fue analizar las características de las interacciones de los materiales inteligentes cuando se aplican a la dentina para estudiar las técnicas de remoción, recuperación y restauración del tejido. Para ello se realizaron 6 estudios que engloban los conceptos actuales de la odontología de mínima intervención. El primer estudio consiste en una revisión bibliométrica, que realizó una revisión en las bases de datos MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Lilacs/BBO y Embase, evidenciando el potencial bioactivo de los materiales estudiados y la necesidad de probarlos en dentina totalmente o parcialmente desmineralizada a través de estudios de laboratorio. El segundo estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar in vitro diferentes técnicas para la remoción de caries producidas artificialmente: el uso de material rotatorio, cureta y dos agentes químico-mecánicos (Papacárie Duo Gel® y Brix3000®). Para ello, se realizaron análisis en micro-CT antes y después de la remoción de caries con el fin de comparar el volumen y la densidad mineral de la dentina, demostrando que no hubo diferencia entre las técnicas en la cantidad de tejido removido (p>0,05). Además, en el mismo estudio se evaluó el potencial de los cementos de polialquenoato (Poly Zinc®, Prevest DenPro y Ketac Molar®, 3M ESPE) en la recuperación de la densidad mineral de la dentina remanente, demostrando que el cemento de policarboxilato de zinc presentó un comportamiento mejor (33,6%) en comparación con el cemento de ionómero de vidrio (6%; p<0,01). Con relación la selectividad in vitro de los agentes químico-mecánicos a base de papaína, se realizó un tercer estudio probando los cambios en la morfología y rugosidad superficial de la dentina sana antes y después de la aplicación de los geles, demostrando que estos geles son específicos y seguros, siendo que los valores de rugosidad superficial no presentaron diferencias estadísticas (p>0.05). El cuarto estudio evaluó in vitro la interacción de materiales restauradores liberadores de iones aplicados sobre dentina cariada artificialmente. Excepto por el compuesto de resina (Aura®, SDI), tanto el cemento de ionómero de vidrio (Fuji IX®, GC) como los cementos a base de silicato de calcio (Endo-pass®, DEI y Theracal®, Bisco) causaron precipitación mineral en la interfaz con la dentina. Estos resultados se confirmaron mediante análisis cuantitativos (α = 5%) y cualitativos. El quinto estudio analizó in vitro dos cementos de ionómero de vidrio modificados con resina (CIVMR; Ionolux®, VOCO y ACTIVA®, Pulpdent) aplicados sobre sistemas adhesivos universales simplificados (Futurabond®, VOCO y Scotchbond®, 3M) con el objetivo de comparar la fuerza de unión a largo plazo de estos materiales aplicados a la dentina. Se pudo verificar que la composición de los sistemas adhesivos influye más que el protocolo de aplicación, sea la aplicación convencional o el autograbado. Sin embargo, el CICMR puede mejorar la longevidad de la adhesión de estos sistemas adhesivos (p<0.05). El sexto estudio consiste en una revisión narrativa de la literatura que presenta los materiales liberadores de iones disponibles en el mercado, sus mecanismos de acción y sus indicaciones clínicas. Con esto, se puede concluir que la mayoría de los estudios sobre materiales bioactivos aún se limitan a experimentos in vitro y que, a pesar de mostrar resultados positivos con relación a su bioactividad para recuperar densidad y promover la precipitación mineral, estos resultados aún no son extrapolables clínicamente. En cuanto a las técnicas de eliminación selectiva de caries, quizás sea más importante conocer los conceptos biológicos, fisiológicos y químicos de los procesos que la técnica elegida. Esto también sirve para el uso de materiales bioactivos disponibles en el mercado, que, según su composición, la indicación clínica puede variar. (AU)

Efficacy evaluation of pepsin enzyme-based gel in chemo-mechanical caries removal on primary anterior teeth: a randomized controlled clinical study / Avaliação da eficácia do gel à base de enzima pepsina na remoção químico-mecânica da cárie em dentes anteriores decíduos: um estudo clínico controlado randomizado

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a new pepsin enzyme-based gel compared with Carisolv as a CMCR agent. Clinical and radiographical evaluations of recurrent caries were made 3 and 6 months after treatment. Material and Methods: A split-mouth designed randomized controlled clinical study was carried out on 40 primary anterior teeth of children aged between 4-7 years. Pepsin enzyme-based gel and Carisolv solution were applied to carious lesions until complete removal of caries. The efficacy of both agents was evaluated by the number of application times to remove all caries. Recurrent caries were evaluated clinically and radiographically after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Results: Results showed no statistically significant differences in the efficacy of caries removal by the number of application times (P = 0.919). Concerning recurrent caries, clinical and radiographical evaluation after three and six months showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.574, P = 0.547, respectively). Conclusion: Pepsin enzyme-based gel can be considered similar to Carisolv gel regarding its efficacy as a CMCR agent for small carious lesions on primary anterior teeth in children aged 4-7 years old. (AU)

Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia de um novo gel a base de enzima pepsina comparada com o Carisolv como um agente na remoção químico-mecânica da cárie. Avaliações clínicas e radiográficas de cárie recorrente foram feitas em 3 e 6 meses apos o tratamento. Material e Métodos: um estudo clínico controlado randomizado de boca-dividida foi realizado em 40 dentes deciduos anteriores de crianças com idade entre 4-7 anos. Gel à base de enzima pepsina e a soluçao de Carisolv foram aplicados sobre a lesão cariosa até a completa remoção da carie. A eficácia de ambos agentes foi avaliada pelo número de tempo de aplicações para a remoção de todo tecido cariado. Cárie recorrente foi avaliada clinicamente e radiograficamente após 3 e 6 meses de tratamento. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa na eficácia de remoção de cárie pelo número de tempo de aplicação (P = 0.919). Em relação à cárie recorrente, avaliação clínica e radiográfica apos 3 e 6 meses mostraram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os 2 grupos (P = 0.574, P = 0.547, respectivamente). Conclusão: o gel à base de enzima pepsina pode ser considerado similar ao gel Carisolv em relação a sua eficácia como um agente químico-mecânico na remoção da cárie para lesões cariosas pequenas em dentes anteriores decíduos em crianças entre 4-7 anos de idade.(AU)

Acessos endodônticos: o que todo endodontista deve saber / Endodontic accesses: what every endodontist should know

Introdução: Os acessos endodônticos minimamente invasivos (AEMI) surgiram com o intuito de, por meio da preservação de estrutura dentária, manter a resistência à fratura de dentes tratados endodonticamente. A partir do primeiro estudo, em 2010, vários trabalhos foram desenvolvidos buscando entender qual a influência dos AEMI na resistência à fratura de dentes tratados endodonticamente. No entanto, interferências coronárias causadas pelos AEMI poderiam prejudicar a realização dos procedimentos subsequentes à cavidade de acesso, como a localização, instrumentação, limpeza, descontaminação e obturação dos canais radiculares. Objetivo: Com base nessa premissa, a presente revisão teve como objetivo responder algumas perguntas para que o clínico entenda quais são as principais modalidades de AEMI, os impactos da sua abordagem no tratamento endodôntico e o verdadeiro papel do tratamento endodôntico na perda dos elementos dentários. Resultados: Considerando os dados disponíveis até o presente momento, faltam evidências robustas para apoiar a alegação de que os AEMIs preservem a resistência à fratura dos elementos tratados endodonticamente melhor do que nos dentes acessados de maneira tradicional. Além disso, cavidades de acesso minimamente invasivas podem interferir em outras etapas do tratamento endodôntico, podendo torná-lo imprevisível. Conclusão: Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que há uma falta de evidências que apoiem a utilização de cavidades de acesso minimamente invasivas na prática clínica de rotina e/ou no processo de formação de alunos de graduação e pós-graduação (AU).

Introduction: Minimally invasive access cavities emerged aiming to maintain the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth through the preservation of dental structure. Starting with the first study in 2010, several others were developed to evaluate the influence of minimally invasive access cavities in the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. However, the coronal interference caused by those access cavities could impair the subsequent procedures of root canal treatment, such as the location, instrumentation, cleaning, disinfection and filling of the root canals. Objective: Based on this premise, the aim of the present review was to answer some questions so that the clinician knows the main modalities of minimally invasive access cavities, the impacts of this approach and the real role of endodontic treatment in the tooth loss. Results: Considering the available data, there is a lack of robust evidence in literature to support the claim that the minimally invasive access cavities preserve the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth better than the traditional one. In addition, these access cavities can interfere in other stages of endodontic treatment, making it unpredictable. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that there is a lack of evidence to support the use of minimally invasive access cavities in routine clinical practice and/or in the process of training undergraduate and graduate students (AU).

Selective removal compared to complete removal for deep carious lesions. / Remoción selectiva comparado con remoción total para caries dentinarias profundas.

INTRODUCTION: Dental caries have been conventionally managed by non-selective removal of carious tissue (total complete removal); however, the adverse effects of this procedure have promoted the use of conservative caries removal techniques (selective removal), but there is still controversy regarding its effectiveness. METHODS: We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified seven systematic reviews including seven studies overall, of which all were randomized trials. We concluded that selective caries removal may decrease the need for root canal treatment and the risk of pulp exposure in teeth with deep caries, but the certainty of the evidence is low. It is not clear whether the selective removal of caries reduces the risk of appearance of signs and symptoms of pulp disease and the risk of restorations failure, as the certainty of the evidence is very low.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La caries dental ha sido convencionalmente manejada mediante la remoción no selectiva del tejido carioso (remoción total), sin embargo, los efectos adversos de este procedimiento han promovido la utilización de técnicas de remoción de caries conservadoras (remoción selectiva), pero aún existe controversia respecto a su efectividad. MÉTODOS: Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metaanálisis, preparamos tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Identificamos siete revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron siete estudios primarios, todos ellos correspondientes a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que la remoción selectiva de caries podría disminuir la necesidad de tratamiento de endodoncia y el riesgo de exposición pulpar en dientes con caries profundas, pero la certeza de la evidencia es baja. No existe claridad de que la remoción selectiva de caries disminuya el riesgo de aparición de signos y síntomas de patología pulpar y el riesgo de fracaso de las restauraciones ya que la certeza de la evidencia es muy baja.

Remoción selectiva comparado con remoción total para caries dentinarias profundas / Selective removal compared to complete removal for deep carious lesions

INTRODUCCIÓN La caries dental ha sido convencionalmente manejada mediante la remoción no selectiva del tejido carioso (remoción total), sin embargo, los efectos adversos de este procedimiento han promovido la utilización de técnicas de remoción de caries conservadoras (remoción selectiva), pero aún existe controversia respecto a su efectividad. MÉTODOS Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metaanálisis, preparamos tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES Identificamos siete revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron siete estudios primarios, todos ellos correspondientes a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que la remoción selectiva de caries podría disminuir la necesidad de tratamiento de endodoncia y el riesgo de exposición pulpar en dientes con caries profundas, pero la certeza de la evidencia es baja. No existe claridad de que la remoción selectiva de caries disminuya el riesgo de aparición de signos y síntomas de patología pulpar y el riesgo de fracaso de las restauraciones ya que la certeza de la evidencia es muy baja.

INTRODUCTION Dental caries have been conventionally managed by non-selective removal of carious tissue (total complete removal); however, the adverse effects of this procedure have promoted the use of conservative caries removal techniques (selective removal), but there is still controversy regarding its effectiveness. METHODS We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We identified seven systematic reviews including seven studies overall, of which all were randomized trials. We concluded that selective caries removal may decrease the need for root canal treatment and the risk of pulp exposure in teeth with deep caries, but the certainty of the evidence is low. It is not clear whether the selective removal of caries reduces the risk of appearance of signs and symptoms of pulp disease and the risk of restorations failure, as the certainty of the evidence is very low.

Influence of resin cement thickness and temperature variation on mechanical behavior of dental ceramic fragment restoration.

To evaluate the stress behavior of ceramic fragment restoration, varying the thickness of the cement layer and intraoral temperature variation. A solid model of a upper lateral incisor was obtained and a defect at enamel distal/incisal edge was restored with a ceramic fragment. Based on this initial model, 4 different models (M) were built: M1 - absence of cement layer (CL) (0 µm of thickness); M2 - CL with an uniform thickness of 50 µm; M3 - CL with 50 µm at the margin of ceramics and 100 µm in the inner area far from margins; M4 - CL with 50 µm at the margin of ceramics and 200 µm in the inner area far from margins. The environment temperature changed from 5 °C to 50 °C in 4 increments. The finite element analysis was performed. Increase the cement layer thickness generated higher stress levels on ceramic surface in all temperatures, as well as on cement interface. In general hot temperature was the worst scenario for ceramic fragments integrity, since tensile and compressive stress were more intense. The maximum principal stress on ceramic fragment was found 90 MPa for M4 at 50 °C, followed for M3 (87 Mpa). For CL, the peak of stress was found for M3 at 5 °C (47 MPa). Is it possible to conclude that thick resin cement layer contribute to higher stress concentration on ceramic fragment, and extremely hot temperatures increase the risk of structural failure, since both ceramic and \cl are exposed to higher compressive and tensile stresses.

Odontología estética mínimamente invasiva / Minimally invasive esthetic dentistry

La odontología de mínima invasión se ha convertido en la filosofía de tratamiento dental más aceptada en la actualidad. La posibilidad de incorporarla se ha debido en gran medida a la aparición de nuevos materiales dentales que se adhieren a la estructura dental, a técnicas más conservadoras de estructura dental sana y sobre todo a una nueva forma de pensar tanto de clínicos como de los mismos pacientes. La odontología estética contemporánea se ha visto infl uenciada por este nuevo paradigma. El tratamiento de pigmentaciones dentales también se ha visto benefi ciado por esta nueva tendencia y nuevos materiales han aparecido recientemente que conservan la mayor cantidad de tejido dental sano sin necesidad de preparaciones no conservadoras. Lo más importante al incorporar estas nuevas tecnologías es la realización de un diagnóstico adecuado entendiendo la causa que origina esta condición y así poder implementar el mejor tratamiento posible (AU)

Minimally invasive dentistry has become the standard of care most widely accepted today. This trend has been posible in great extent to the advent of new dental materials that adhere to dental structure, more conservative techniques of healthy dental tissue but mainly from clinicians and patients with a new way of thinking. Contemporary esthetic dentistry has been influenced by this new paradigm. Treatment of dental stainings has also been infl uenced by this new trend and new materials have recently surfaced that keep healthy dental tissue without the need of non conservative preparations. The most important aspect in order to incorporate this new technologies is a correct diagnosis understanding the cause that originated this condition in order to implement the best posible treatment (AU)

Esthetic and functional rehabilitation of bilateral congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors: Minimally invasive surgical and prosthetic approach.

OBJECTIVE: Congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors is a frequent clinical challenge which must be solved by a multidisciplinary approach in order to obtain an esthetic and functional restorative treatment. Noninvasive treatments, that are in accordance with the patients' expectations, should be the first therapeutic alternative. If the deciduous tooth is present, minimally invasive dental extraction followed by immediate dental implant placement and provisional restoration is indicated. In this restorative treatment, an adequate emergency profile can be achieved by peri-implant soft-tissue-conditioning techniques. Moreover, the association of restorative materials, such as composite resins and dental ceramics, provides more predictable esthetic results. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The present case report presents a rehabilitation of bilateral congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors through a multidisciplinary approach. Dental implants, long-term provisional restoration, tooth bleaching, minimally veneered high-translucent monolithic zirconia crowns, feldspathic veneers, and composite restorations were used by the dental team to achieve the expected functional and esthetic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Different treatment modalities are available for the rehabilitation of congenital absence of teeth. However, it is important that a dental team consider performing minimally invasive treatments, as many of these treatments are done on young patients. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Patient-centered treatments involving minimally invasive approaches in a multidisciplinary environment would be appropriate in order to achieve predictable results.

The effects of hybrid light activation and enamel acid etching on the effectiveness, stability and sensitivity after a single session in-office bleaching: A 12-month clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The use of hybrid-light (HL) during in-office teeth bleaching can provide faster and reliable results after a single bleaching session, especially if associated with previous acid etching. The present in vivo, interventional, split-mouth, triple-blinded and randomized study evaluated the efficiency of a HL, with and without prior enamel acid etching, assessing the gel application time, degree of color change, sensitivity and treatment stability up to 12 months. METHODS: Thirty-four patients were selected and randomly divided into four groups. The color was evaluated using a spectrophotometer with the CIELab color system, and a VAS questionnaire was used to evaluate the sensitivity. Both upper and lower hemiarches (GI and III) received enamel acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 s prior to the application of 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (HP). For GI and II, HP was applied on both dental arches for 3-4 consecutive applications and activated by HL (2 × 3' activations with 1' interval); and 3 × 15' (HP) for GIII and IV without HL. Patients returned in 24 h, 1 week, 1-, 6- and 12-months intervals. The clinical operator was different from the clinical measurements operator. RESULTS: After 3-way ANOVA, Tukey's, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests, all with p < 0.05, no statistical differences were observed between the groups regarding color change (ΔE) and sensitivity in all evaluations. The lowest gel application time was observed for GII (acid etch + HL), followed by GI (HL). CONCLUSIONS: The present study's results reveal the advantages of HL associated with acid etching prior to in office bleaching.

Preventive and Therapeutic Proximal Sealing: A 3.5-Year Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Follow-Up.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of proximal sealing for avoiding the development of new caries lesions or arresting incipient caries lesions on the mesial surface of first permanent molars (6m) abutting lesions on the distal surface of second primary molars (05d) in children at high caries risk. METHODS: A total of 61 children 8-10 years old were selected based on the caries status of the proximal sites of 05d and 6m. Children with caries on 05d and caries-free 6m were placed in the preventive sealing group and children with caries on both 05d and 6m in the therapeutic group. The children in each group had one 6m surface pair and in each pair one 6m surface was randomly allocated to receive a preventive or therapeutic sealing. Using a split-mouth design, the other 6m surface in the pair served as control. RESULTS: After 3.5 years, standardized follow-up radiographs were obtained for the 45 children who remained. In the preventive sealing group, 4 out of 30 (13.3%) sealed and 16 out of 30 (53.3%) unsealed sound 6m surfaces had developed new caries lesions (p = 0.004, McNemar test). In the therapeutic sealing group, the progression of the carious lesions on 6m was observed in 3 out of 15 sealed (20.0%) and 8 out of 15 (53.3%) unsealed caries control surfaces (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Preventive sealing on sound 6m surfaces abutting 05d lesions in children at high caries risk efficaciously prevents the development of caries lesions. Therapeutically sealing active non-cavitated caries lesions reduces the progression.

Odontologia estética minimamente invasiva ­ possibilidades para a transformação do sorriso / Minimally invasive aesthetic dentistry ­ possibilities for smile transformation

A busca por tratamentos estéticos tem aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos. Novas técnicas restauradoras foram introduzidas no mercado odontológico com o intuito de beneficiar os pacientes, sem o comprometimento da estrutura dental. Para isso, o entendimento dos detalhes da técnica, garantindo a correta indicação, se faz necessário para o sucesso do tratamento restaurador.

The search for aesthetic treatments has increased signifi cantly in recent years. New restorative techniques were introduced in the dental market with the goal to benefit patients without compromising the dental structure. For this, an understanding of the technical details to ensure correct indication is needed for a successful restorative treatment.

Update on nonsurgical, ultraconservative approaches to treat effectively non-cavitated caries lesions in permanent teeth.

Dental caries on tooth surfaces is still a problem in many industrialized countries. For many years, dentistry was influenced by a mechanical approach characterized by the use of high-speed rotary cutting instruments, and dentists predominantly used surgical methods to address caries. This included radical removal of diseased portions of the tooth, along with material-driven geometric extensions to areas that were assumed to be caries-resistant. This concept of extension for prevention was introduced by G. V. Black and influenced dentists for more than 120 years. Recently, a new paradigm of operative conservatism, sometimes referred to as "minimally invasive dentistry," has gained popularity. This paradigm is designed to promote maximum preservation of healthy dental structures over a lifetime. The aim of this review is to discuss the efficacy of current nonsurgical treatments for non-cavitated caries lesions in permanent teeth. Based on results obtained from clinical trials, this review evaluates treatments such as consumption of CPP-ACP added gums, resin infiltration and fissure sealing. Although in a few cases an invasive approach is needed to arrest caries progression, the non-surgical approach generally provides potential benefits that include conserving structure by delaying intervention or minimizing the operative procedure. All current non-invasive methods are effective in treating non-cavitated caries lesions. The adoption of non-invasive approaches in the management of these lesions can preserve dental tissues, thus increasing tooth longevity.