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1.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1553824

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Acidentes ofídicos são doenças negligenciadas e constituem uma parcela importante da morbidade de pessoas em idade produtiva que vivem em zonas rurais. A maior parte dos seus efeitos a curto prazo é amplamente conhecida, especialmente aqueles de natureza clínica; no entanto, ainda se observa lacuna importante do conhecimento das consequências a longo prazo de tais agravos, notadamente as de ordem psíquica. Este artigo relata um caso de adoecimento mental subsequente a um acidente crotálico e gera reflexões de âmbito cultural e fisiopatológico a respeito das sequelas de tais eventos. Apresentação do caso: Trata-se de adolescente residente no interior baiano que foi vítima de mordedura por cascavel e teve necessidade de hospitalização em unidade de terapia intensiva. Observou-se que, mesmo após melhora clínica, iniciou com sintomas psicóticos prodrômicos e progrediu para piora mental grave, que culminou em internação psiquiátrica e diagnóstico de esquizofrenia no decorrer dos meses seguintes. Conclusões: Nota-se, neste caso, correlação direta entre esses dois eventos; mas, em razão da escassez de trabalhos científicos que abordem tais questões, depreende-se que é preciso investigar e estudar com maior profundidade possíveis associações entre acidentes crotálicos e psicoses.


Introduction: Snakebites are neglected diseases and constitute an important part of the morbidity of working-age people who live in rural areas. Most of their short-term effects are widely known, especially those of a clinical nature; however, there is still an important gap in the knowledge of the long-term consequences of such injuries, notably those of a psychotic nature. This article aims to report a case of mental illness subsequent to a rattlesnake bite accident and generate cultural and pathophysiological reflections regarding the consequences of such events. Case presentation: An adolescent residing in the interior of the state of Bahia was bitten by a rattlesnake and required hospitalization in an intensive care unit. It was observed that even after clinical improvement, the case started with prodromal psychotic symptoms and progressed to severe mental deterioration that culminated in psychiatric hospitalization and diagnosis of schizophrenia over the following months. Conclusions: In this case, there was a direct correlation between these two events, but because of the scarcity of scientific works that address such issues, it is necessary to investigate and study in greater depth possible associations between snakebite accidents and psychoses.


Introducción: Las mordeduras de serpientes son enfermedades desatendidas y constituyen una parte importante de la morbilidad de las personas en edad laboral que viven en zonas rurales. La mayoría de sus efectos a corto plazo son ampliamente conocidos, especialmente los de carácter clínico; sin embargo, todavía existe un importante vacío en el conocimiento de las consecuencias a largo plazo de este tipo de lesiones, en particular las de carácter psíquico. Este artículo tiene como objetivo informar un caso de enfermedad mental posterior a un accidente crotálico y generar reflexiones culturales y fisiopatológicas sobre las consecuencias de tales eventos. Presentación del caso: Se trata de un adolescente residente en el interior de Bahía que fue mordido por una serpiente cascabel y requirió hospitalización en unidad de cuidados intensivos. Se observó que, aún después de la mejoría clínica, comenzó con síntomas psicóticos prodrómicos y progresó a un deterioro mental severo que culminó con hospitalización psiquiátrica y diagnóstico de esquizofrenia en los meses siguientes. Conclusiones: En este caso, existe una correlación directa entre estos dos eventos pero, debido a la escasez de trabajos científicos que aborden tales cuestiones, parece necesario investigar y estudiar con mayor profundidad posibles asociaciones entre accidentes crotálicos y psicosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Psychotic Disorders , Snake Bites , Case Reports , Crotalus , Folklore
2.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 39(1): 1-6, jan.mar.2024. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1552849

ABSTRACT

Este relato de caso aborda o curso clínico de um envenenamento botrópico ocorrido no município de Jarinu, SP, no ano de 2021. O paciente necessitou de fasciotomia em membro superior após síndrome compartimental aguda com enxertia dermoepidérmica em um segundo momento cirúrgico. No pós-operatório tardio, o paciente evoluiu com retração, necessitando de reabordagem cirúrgica com correção de retração de membro superior esquerdo. Discute-se a gravidade do acidente ofídico, efeitos do veneno nos tecidos, complicações, síndrome compartimental aguda, indicação e técnica da fasciotomia descompressiva com base na literatura.


This case study examines the clinical course of a Bothrops snakebite poisoning that occurred in Jarinu, São Paulo, Brazil, in 2021. The patient required a fasciotomy in the upper limb due to acute compartment syndrome, followed by a second surgical procedure involving dermo-epidermal grafting. In the late postoperative period, the patient experienced retraction, leading to a subsequent surgical intervention to correct the retraction in the left upper limb. The severity of the snakebite accident, the effects of venom on tissues, complications, acute compartment syndrome, as well as the indications and techniques for decompressive fasciotomy, are discussed based on the available literature.

3.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam;58(1): 71-74, mar. 2024. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1556659

ABSTRACT

Resumen Las infecciones por mordeduras de perros y gatos presentan una etiología bacteriana mixta con microorganismos aerobios y anaerobios que provienen de la cavidad oral del agresor y, en menor medida, de la piel del agredido y el medio ambiente. Con mayor frecuencia se aíslan Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella canis, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Capnocytophaga canimorsus y anaerobios. Si bien las infecciones por mordeduras de animales no son infrecuentes, algunos de los microorganismos implicados son excepcionales. Neisseria weaveri forma parte de la microbiota orofaríngea de perros y gatos; sin embargo, los casos comunicados debidos a mordeduras son escasos.


Abstract Infections caused by dog and cat bites have a mixed bacterial etiology with aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms that come from the mouth of the offender and, to a lesser extent, from the skin of the victim and the environment. Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella canis, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Capnocytophaga canimorsus and anaerobes can be frequently isolated. Although animal bite infections are not uncommon, some of the microorganisms involved are rare. Neisseria weaveri is part of the oropharyngeal microbiota of dogs and cats; however, reported cases due to bites are rare.


Resumo As infecções causadas por mordeduras de cães e gatos têm etiologia bacteriana mista com microrganismos aeróbicos e anaeróbicos que provêm da cavidade bucal do agressor e, em menor grau, da pele da vítima e do meio ambiente. Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella canis, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Capnocytophaga canimorsus e aneróbios podem ser isoladas mais frequentemente. Embora as infecções por mordeduras de animais não sejam incomuns, alguns dos microorganismos envolvidos são raros. A Neisseria weaveri faz parte da microbiota orofaríngea de cães e gatos, porém são escassos os casos relatados como consequência de mordeduras.

4.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 83: e0002, 2024. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1529930

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O propósito deste estudo foi reportar as alterações oculares observadas após picada de abelha com ferrão retido na córnea. Destacamos o tratamento e o desfecho de uma lesão de córnea incomum e sua patogênese. Trata-se de relato de caso e revisão da literatura de lesões oculares por picada de abelha. Paciente do sexo feminino, 63 anos, procurou atendimento oftalmológico de urgência devido à picada de abelha na córnea do olho direito há 6 dias. Queixava-se de embaçamento visual, dor e hiperemia ocular. Apresentou acuidade visual de vultos no olho afetado. Ao exame, notaram-se hiperemia moderada de conjuntiva bulbar, edema corneano com dobras de Descemet e presença do ferrão alojado na região temporal, no estroma profundo da córnea. A paciente foi internada para ser abordada no centro cirúrgico sob anestesia geral. Durante a cirurgia, o ferrão teve que ser retirado via câmara anterior, mediante a realização de uma paracentese e uma lavagem da câmara anterior, com dupla via e solução salina balanceada. Ainda não existe na literatura um tratamento padrão na abordagem de pacientes com lesões oculares por picada de abelha, sendo importantes a identificação e o reconhecimento precoce de possíveis complicações que ameacem a visão.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to report the ocular changes observed after a bee sting with a stinger retained in the cornea. We show the treatment and outcome of an unusual corneal injury and its pathogenesis. This is a case report and literature review of ocular injuries caused by bee stings. A 63-year-old female patient sought emergency ophthalmic care because of a bee sting on the cornea of her right eye six days before. She complained of blurred vision, pain, and ocular hyperemia. She had glare sensitivity on visual acuity in the affected eye. Examination revealed moderate hyperemia of the bulbar conjunctiva, corneal edema with Descemet's folds and a stinger lodged in the temporal region, in the deep stroma of the cornea. The patient was admitted to the operating room under general anesthesia. During surgery, the stinger had to be removed via the anterior chamber, by performing a paracentesis and washing the anterior chamber with a double flushing and balanced saline solution. There is still no standard treatment in the literature for patients with eye injuries caused by bee stings, and early identification and recognition of possible sight-threatening complications is important.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Bee Venoms/adverse effects , Corneal Edema/etiology , Eye Foreign Bodies/complications , Corneal Injuries/etiology , Insect Bites and Stings/complications , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Corneal Edema/diagnosis , Corneal Edema/physiopathology , Iridocyclitis , Eye Foreign Bodies/surgery , Eye Foreign Bodies/diagnosis , Corneal Injuries/surgery , Corneal Injuries/diagnosis , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Gonioscopy , Insect Bites and Stings/surgery , Insect Bites and Stings/diagnosis
5.
Rev. Ciênc. Plur ; 9(2): 32205, 31 ago. 2023. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: biblio-1452599

ABSTRACT

Os acidentes por animais peçonhentos sãoum problema de saúde pública que apresenta elevado número de casos anuais no Brasil. Objetivo:descrever e analisar as ocorrências de acidentes por animais peçonhentos no Brasil e suas tendências entre 2007 e 2021.Metodologia:oestudo utilizou dados doSistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação edo Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade.A população do estudo foi analisada segundo sexo, faixa etária e região de residência. A análise de tendência da série histórica foi realizada por regressão linear generalizada usando a estimação de Prais-Winsten.Resultados:as taxas de ocorrência padronizadas dobraram no período estudado (53,8/100.000 hab. em 2007 para 111,2/100.000 hab. em 2021). A região Nordeste apresentou a maior taxa de ocorrência padronizada (105,5/100.000 hab.). As regiões Nordeste, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste apresentaram maior taxa bruta de acidentes por escorpiões (75,8, 48,7 e 32,8 acidentes/100.000 hab., respectivamente), enquanto a região Norte por serpentes (54,2 acidentes/100.000 hab.) e a Região Sul por aranhas (60,3 acidentes/100.000 hab.). A taxa de mortalidade observada no período de 2007 a 2020 foi de 1,3 óbitos/1 milhão de hab. Entre as mortes registradas, 39,6% foram por picada de cobra.Conclusões:as tendências no Brasil foram ascendentes para ambos os sexos e para todas as faixas etárias. Apenas as regiões Norte e Sul apresentaram algumas categorias com tendências estacionárias. A análise dos dados epidemiológicos possibilita a identificação de populações-alvo e a elaboração de políticas públicas a fim de prevenir novos acidentes, bem como aprimorar o atendimento às pessoas acometidas por meio do planejamento da distribuição de soros antiofídicos (AU).


Accidents by venomous animals is a public health problem that presents a high number of annual cases in Brazil.Objective:to describe and analyze the occurrences of accidents by venomous animalsin Brazil and their trends between 2007 and 2021.Methodology:the study used Notifiable Diseases Information Systemand Mortality Information Systemdata. The study population wasanalyzed according to sex, age group, and region of residence. Trend analysis of the historical series was performed by generalized linear regression using Prais-Winsten estimation.Results:the standardized occurrence rates doubled during the studied period (53.8/100,000 inhab. in 2007 to 111.2/100,000 inhab. in 2021). The Northeast region had the highest standardized occurrence rate (105.5/100,000 inhab.). The Northeast, Southeast, and Midwest regions had a higher crude rate of accidents caused by scorpions (75.8, 48.7 and 32.8 accidents/100,000 inhab., respectively), while the North region by snakes (54.2 accidents/100,000 inhab.), and the South region by spiders (60.3 accidents/100,000 inhab.). Death rate observed in the period from 2007 to 2020 was 1.3deaths/1 million inhab. Among the deaths registered, 39.6% were from snakebite.Conclusions:trends in Brazil were ascendant for both sexes and for all age groups. Only the North and South regions showed some categories with stationary trends. The analysis of epidemiological data makes it possible the identification of target populations and elaborations of public policies in order to prevent new accidents, as well as the improvement of care for affected people by planning the distribution of antivenom serums (AU).


Los accidentes por animales venenosos son un problema de salud pública que presenta un elevado número de casos anuales en Brasil. Objetivo: describir y analizar lasocurrencias de accidentes por animales venenosos en Brasil y sus tendencias entre 2007 y 2021.Metodología: el estudio utilizó datos del sistema de información de enfermedades de declaración obligatoria(SINAN, según su sigla en portugués)ydelsistema de información de mortalidad. La población delestudio se analizó según sexo, grupo de edad y región de residencia. El análisis de tendencia de la serie histórica se realizó mediante regresión lineal generalizada utilizando la estimación de Prais-Winsten.Resultados: las tasas de ocurrencia estandarizadas se duplicaron durante el período estudiado (de 53,8/100000 hab. en 2007 a 111,2/100000 hab. en 2021). La región Nordeste presentó la mayor tasa de ocurrencia estandarizada (105,5/100000 hab.). Las regiones Nordeste, Sudeste y Medio Oeste presentaron la mayor tasa bruta de accidentes por alacranes (75,8, 48,7 y 32,8 accidentes/100000 hab., respectivamente), mientras que la región Norte por serpientes (54,2 accidentes/100000 hab.), y la Región Sur por arañas (60,3 accidentes/100000 hab.). La tasa de mortalidad observada en el período de 2007 a 2020 fue de 1,3 muertes/1 millón de hab. Entre las muertes registradas, el 39,6% fueron por mordedura de serpiente.Conclusiones: las tendencias en Brasil fueron ascendentes para ambos sexos y para todos los grupos de edad. Solo las regiones Norte y Sur presentaron algunas categorías con tendencias estacionarias. El análisis de datos epidemiológicos posibilita la identificación de poblaciones objetivo y la elaboración de políticas públicas para la prevención de nuevos accidentes, así como la mejora de la atención a las personas afectadas mediante la planificación de la distribución de sueros antiofídicos (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Public Policy , Accidents/trends , Health Information Systems , Insect Bites and Stings , Animals, Poisonous , Brazil , Linear Models , Epidemiological Monitoring
6.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);43(1): 93-106, mar. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533923

ABSTRACT

Introducción. En Ecuador, las mordeduras de serpientes venenosas son un problema de salud pública. Sin embargo, no existe información hospitalaria reciente desde la Amazonía. Objetivo. Analizar retrospectivamente las características clínico-epidemiológicas de las mordeduras de serpientes en pacientes ingresados en un hospital de la Amazonía del Ecuador. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en el hospital provincial de Nueva Loja (Sucumbíos), que colinda con Colombia, 2017-2021. La información sobre las variables demográficas, epidemiológicas y clínicas, y la condición al egreso hospitalario, se obtuvieron de la ficha epidemiológica del Ministerio de Salud Pública. Resultados. En cinco años se hospitalizaron 147 pacientes (29,4 por año), sin que se presentaran muertes. Corresponden a 26, 34, 32, 29 y 26 casos, en el 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 y 2021, respectivamente. Según el sexo, los más afectados fueron los hombres (n=99; 67,3 %), según el grupo etario, los de 21 a 30 años (n=28; 19,0 %) y, según la raza, los de etnia mestiza (n=94; 63,9 %), estudiantes y agricultores. La mediana de edad fue de 28 años (rango: 4 a 81). Hubo mayor prevalencia en abril, junio y septiembre. Todos los accidentes fueron causados por serpientes Viperidae. Veinte (13,6 %) casos fueron leves, 90 (61,2 %), moderados, y 37 (25,2 %), graves. La mordedura fue más frecuente en los pies (45 casos). El 53,1 % recibió suero antiofídico antes de la hospitalización y en el 19,8 % de los pacientes se colocó un torniquete. La mediana de tiempo de llegada al hospital fue de 5 horas (rango: 1-192), y lo más frecuente fue entre 2 y 3 horas (41 casos). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas según la gravedad del caso. Conclusiones. Se evidenció una gran prevalencia de mordeduras de serpientes en el norte de la región amazónica-Ecuador, con mayor incidencia en la estación lluviosa y todas causadas por Viperidae. Es importante resaltar la mortalidad nula. Las campañas informativas sobre prevención y primeros auxilios, como la desmotivación del uso de torniquetes, serían fundamentales para reducir los casos, especialmente, en los grupos vulnerables.


Introduction: In Ecuador, poisonous snakebites are a public health problem. However, there is no recent hospital information from the Amazon. Objective: To retrospectively analyse the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of snakebites in patients admitted to a hospital in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Nueva Loja-Sucumbíos Provincial Hospital, bordering Colombia (2017-2021). Demographic, epidemiological and clinical variables, and condition at hospital discharge, were obtained from the epidemiological file of the Ministerio de Salud Pública. Results: In 5 years, 147 patients (29.4 per year) were hospitalized with no mortality. They corresponded to 26, 34, 32, 29 and 26 cases, in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Men with 99 (67.3%), aged 21-30 years with 28, mixed race with 94 cases, students, and farmers, were the most affected. The most affected (99; 67.3%) were men, people 21 to 30 years-old (28; 19.0%), mestizos (94; 63.9%), students, and farmers. The median age was 28 (range: 4-81) years. Prevalence was higher in April, June, and September. All accidents were caused by Viperidae snakes. Twenty (13.6%) cases were mild, (61.2%) were moderate and 37 (25.2%) were severe. The feet with 45 were the most bitten. Pre-hospitalization anti-venom serum was received by 53.1% and tourniquet by 19.8% patients. Median hospital arrival time was 5 (range 1-192) hours, mostly between 2-3 hours with 41 cases. No statistically significant differences were found considering the severity. Conclusions: A high prevalence of snakebites was evidenced in the north of the Amazon in Ecuador, with a higher incidence in the rainy season and all by Viperidae species. It is important to highlight the null mortality. Information campaigns on prevention and first aid, such as discouraging the use of tourniquets, especially among vulnerable groups.


Subject(s)
Snake Bites/epidemiology , Amazonian Ecosystem , Ecuador , Animals, Poisonous
7.
Enferm. foco (Brasília) ; 14: 1-7, mar. 20, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1524957

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem, no manejo do paciente vítima de acidente botrópico no serviço de emergência. Métodos: estudo descritivo, exploratório e com abordagem qualitativa. Desenvolvido em 2019, com profissionais da equipe de enfermagem do setor de emergência adulto de um Hospital Universitário. Utilizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, transcritas e analisadas por meio de estatística descritiva simples e análise de conteúdo. Resultados: participaram do estudo 34 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem, sendo 82% do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 37 anos. A análise de conteúdo revelou três categorias: conhecimento sobre acidentes por animais peçonhentos, trajetória acadêmica e profissional no contexto de animais peçonhentos e manejo da equipe de enfermagem do paciente vítima de acidente botrópico. Conclusão: os resultados demonstram o conhecimento e condutas da equipe de enfermagem frente ao acidente botrópico e evidenciam a necessidade de sensibilizar a equipe de enfermagem quanto ao reconhecimento do acidente ofídico, especialmente com relação às características apresentadas pelo animal peçonhento e as manifestações clínicas apresentadas pelo paciente. (AU)


Objective: to identify the knowledge of the nursing staff in dealing with bothropic accident victims in the emergency service. Methods: descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Developed in 2019, with professionals from the nursing staff of the adult emergency sector of a University Hospital. A semi-structured interview was used, transcribed and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and content analysis. Results: 34 professionals from the nursing team participated in the study, being 82% female, with an average age of 37 years. The content analysis revealed three categories: knowledge about accidents caused by poisonous animals, academic and professional trajectory in the context of poisonous animals and management of the nursing team to the patient victim of bothropic accidents. Conclusão: the results demonstrate the knowledge and behaviors of the nursing staff in face of bothropic accidents and highlight the need to sensitize the nursing staff regarding the recognition of the snakebite accident, especially regarding the characteristics presented by the venomous animal and the clinical manifestations presented by the patient. (AU)


Objetivo: identificar los conocimientos del equipo de enfermería en el manejo del paciente víctima de accidente botópico en el servicio de urgencias. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio con abordaje cualitativo. Desarrollado en 2019, con profesionales del personal de enfermería del servicio de urgencias de adultos de un Hospital Universitario. Se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada, transcrita y analizada mediante estadística descriptiva simple y análisis de contenido. Resultados: participaron en el estudio 34 profesionales del equipo de enfermería, de los cuales el 82% eran mujeres, con una edad promedio de 37 años. El análisis de contenido reveló tres categorías: conocimiento sobre accidentes causados por animales venenosos, trayectoria académica y profesional en el contexto de animales venenosos, y manejo del equipo de enfermería al paciente víctima de accidentes bottrópicos. Conclusión: los resultados demuestran el conocimiento y conducta del equipo de enfermería ante el accidente bottrópico y muestran la necesidad de sensibilizar al personal de enfermería sobre el reconocimiento del accidente de la serpiente, especialmente en lo que respecta a las características que presenta el animal venenoso y las manifestaciones clínicas que presenta el paciente. (AU)


Subject(s)
Snake Bites , Bothrops , Emergency Service, Hospital , Animals, Poisonous , Nursing Care
8.
Acta méd. peru ; 40(1)ene. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439128

ABSTRACT

Introducción : Es de vital importancia considerar que la toxina del veneno de la avispa puede ocasionar una reacción violenta que daña la función visual, es por ello que presentamos el siguiente caso relacionado. Cuadro Clínico : Mujer de 32 años con antecedente de picadura de avispa hace 24 horas en ojo derecho; disminución de la agudeza visual, enrojecimiento, lagrimeo, dolor, secreción; agudeza visual de cuenta dedos a 2 metros del ojo derecho y 20/25 ojo izquierdo, con presiones intraoculares de 12 y 13; biomicroscopía hiperemia conjuntival con inyección periciliar 3+, cuerpo extraño en córnea hasta estoma con edema 3+, estrías en la Descemet ojo derecho. Resultados : Se procede a la extracción del cuerpo extraño con previa protección antimicrobiana con antibiótico tobramicina, antiinflamatorio esteroideo prednisolona, hipertónicas y lubricante mixto carboximetilcelulosa y glicerina. A la semana, se observa la formación de una opacidad capsular anterior con signos de atrofia iridiana que empieza a dar un "cambio de color del iris", a las dos semanas se evidencia la dilatación de la vasculatura periciliar, a horas 4, y a las 3 semanas el paciente presenta una agudeza visual de 20/25 ambos ojos, con transparencia corneal, persistencia de la atrofia iridiana y catarata traumática capsular anterior, con remisión de sintomatología en el paciente. Conclusiones : No se sabe el componente exacto del veneno que produce los signos previamente descritos, existen teorías de que puede deberse a un componente con acción parasimpaticomimética, el mismo que se relaciona a otras observaciones clínicas de despigmentación local y heterocromía.


Introduction : It is very important to consider that the toxin present in wasp venom may lead to a severe reaction damaging visual function. This is the reason why we present the following case. Clinical Picture : This is a 32-year-old-female who was bitten by a wasp 24 hours ago in her right eye. She had visual acuity reduction, reddening, tearing, pain, and secretion. Her visual acuity was counting fingers at two-meter distance from her right eye and 20/25 in the left eye. Intraocular pressure was 12 and 13. Biomicroscopy showed conjunctival hiperemia with 3+ periciliary injection. There was a foreign body in the cornea towards the stoma, with 3+ edema. There were striae in the right Descemet. Resultados: We took out the foreign body with previous antimicrobial protection including an antibacterial (tobramycin) and a steroid anti-inflammatory compound (prednisolone). Hypertonic solution and mixed lubricants were also administered, including a mixed lubricant, carboxymethylcellulose, and glycerin. One week afterwards, we observed the formation of an anterior capsular opacity with signs of iris atrophy which led to a 'change of color in the iris'. Two weeks afterwards we observed periciliary vascular dilatation, at 4-hour meridian; and on the third week, the patient had 20/25 visual acuity in both eyes. Her cornea was transparent, there was persistence of iris atrophy, and there was an anterior capsular cataract. Her symptoms subsided. Conclusiones : The exact component of wasp venom leading to the described signs is not known. It has been proposed that it may be a compound with parasympathomimetic action, and this has been related with other clinical observations indicating local depigmentation and heterochromia.

9.
Rev. patol. trop ; 52(1): 77-86, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1552667

ABSTRACT

Pediatric patients have particularities in the clinical manifestations and complications of snakebite envenomation (SBEs), and few studies have examined this population. The objective of this paper was to study snakebites in a pediatric age group treated at a reference hospital and to evaluate factors associated with unfavorable evolution. A cross-sectional study with a clinical-epidemiological description and identification of the factors related to unfavorable evolution in patients aged <19 years old seen from January, 2018 to November, 2019 was performed. Complications related to the SBE, such as compartment syndrome, secondary infection, extensive necrosis, hemorrhage, and kidney damage, were considered unfavorable evolution. From the 325 patients in the sample, 58 were aged <19 years old; 40 (69%), 0-12 years old; and 18 (31%), 13-18 years old. All patients had local manifestations (mild, moderate, and severe), and 36 (62%) had an unfavorable evolution. Fourteen (24.1%) patients had compartment syndrome, with a significant risk association between 0 and 12 years old (p = 0.019). Two factors significantly contributed to unfavorable evolution: the timing from the bite to medical care being ≥6 hours and additional antivenom therapy needed. We conclude that the younger the patient, the smaller body segment affected, leading to disproportionality between the affected area and the amount of inoculated venom, contribute to more frequent local manifestations and complications in children rather than adults. Because of the relationship between body area and vascular volume in children differs from that in adults, the same volume of venom inoculated by snakes will be disproportionate in these two groups. Therefore, in the treatment of pediatric patients, increasing the volume of antivenom therapy is possibly necessary. Furthermore, as in adults, six hours between the bite to medical care increases the risk of complications and mortality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Snake Venoms
10.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 32(1): e2022666, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421409

ABSTRACT

Objective: to describe the completeness of notifications of accidents involving venomous animals held on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (SINAN), in Brazil and its macro-regions, from 2007 to 2019. Methods: we analyzed essential and non-mandatory fields for snakebite, spider bite and scorpion sting notifications, considering the following completeness categories: Excellent (≤ 5.0% incompleteness), Good (5.0% to 10.0%), Regular (10.0% to 20.0%), Poor (20.0% ≤ 50.0%) and Very Poor (> 50.0%). Proportional change in completeness between 2007 and 2019 was estimated. Results: 1,871,462 notifications were investigated. The "localized manifestations", "systemic manifestations", "case classification", "case progression" and "zone of occurrence" fields had excellent or good completeness. Completeness was regular or poor for the "schooling" and "race/color" fields. The "occupation" field was predominantly poorly or very poorly filled in. There was a proportional worsening in completeness ((VP < 0) in most regions for the "zone of occurrence", "case progression" and "schooling" fields. Conclusion: completeness of most fields improved, although socioeconomic and occupational fields require more attention.


Objetivo: describir la completitud de las notificaciones de envenenamiento por serpientes, arañas y escorpiones en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración - Sinan, en Brasil y regiones, de 2007 a 2019. Métodos: se analizaron campos esenciales y no obligatorios para las notificaciones de ofidismo, aracneismo y escorpionismo, considerando las categorías de completitud: Excelente (≤ 5,0% de incompletitud), Buena (5,0% a 10,0%), Regular (10,0% a 20,0%), Mala (20,0% ≤ 50,0%) y Muy mala (> 50,0%). Se estimó el cambio proporcional en la completitud entre 2007-2019. Resultados: se investigaron 1.871.462 notificaciones. Los campos "manifestaciones locales y sistémicas", "zona de ocurrencia", "clasificación y evolución de casos" presentaron excelente o buena completitud. "Escolaridad" y "raza/color de piel" regular o mala completitud. "Ocupación" fue predominantemente mala/muy mala completitud. "Zona","evolución" y "escolaridad" mostraron empeoramiento proporcional en la completitud en la mayoría de las regiones ((VP < 0). Conclusión: hay mejoría y completitud en la mayoría de los campos, aunque los campos socioeconómico y ocupacional demandan atención.


Objetivo: descrever a completude das notificações de acidentes causados por animais peçonhentos no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, no Brasil e macrorregiões, em 2007-2019. Métodos: analisou-se a completude de campos de preenchimento essenciais e não obrigatórios das notificações de ofidismo, araneísmo e escorpionismo, utilizando-se a classificação de "Excelente" (≤ 5,0% de incompletude), "Bom" (5,0% a 10,0%), "Regular" (10,0% a 20,0%), "Ruim" (20,0% e ≤ 50,0%) e "Muito ruim" (> 50,0%); estimou- -se a variação proporcional (VP) da completude. Resultados: foram investigadas 1.871.462 notificações; os campos "manifestações locais", "sistêmicas", "classificação do caso", "evolução do caso" e "zona de ocorrência" apresentaram completude excelente ou boa; "escolaridade" e "raça/cor da pele", completude regular ou ruim; ocupação, completude ruim ou muito ruim; "zona", "evolução do caso" e "escolaridade" apresentaram piora proporcional na completude, na maioria das regiões ((VP < 0). Conclusão: melhorou a completude na maioria dos campos, exceto socioeconômicos e ocupacionais, que demandam maior atenção.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Bites and Stings/epidemiology , Health Information Systems/statistics & numerical data , Data Accuracy , Spider Bites , Snake Bites , Brazil/epidemiology , Scorpion Stings , Animals, Poisonous
11.
Salud mil ; 41(2): e402, dic 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1531373

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el envenenamiento por mordedura de ofidios es reconocido como un problema de salud pública según la Organización Mundial de la Salud. La baja incidencia sumada a la diversidad de presentaciones clínicas, edades, topografías afectadas, así como los diferentes protocolos en la bibliografía existente sobre algunos aspectos del tratamiento, hacen difícil el manejo sistematizado de estos pacientes. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre mordedura de serpientes en pacientes pediátricos con afectación en mano y miembro superior, haciendo hincapié en la conducta frente las complicaciones loco-regionales. Por importancia y frecuencia destacamos al síndrome compartimental, las flictenas y las infecciones. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en MedLine/PubMed con las palabras clave: "Snake Bite hand Children" y "Snake Bite compartimental syndrome". Se incluyeron los artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años (2012 al 2022). Resultados: la búsqueda de artículos ante las palabras "Snake Bite hand Children" resultó en 20 articulos y la busqueda ante las palabras "Snake Bite compartimental syndrome" derivó en 34. Luego de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se obtuvieron 30 artículos para el análisis. Conclusiones: la población pediátrica se encuentra más expuesta a las mordeduras por serpientes y a su vez a presentar lesiones más severas. El tratamiento del síndrome compartimental continúa siendo un tema de debate. El veneno inoculado puede simular un síndrome compartimental que puede revertir sin fasciotomías con el tratamiento adecuado. Igualmente, ante síntomas y signos claros de síndrome compartimental se sugiere realizar fasciotomías frente a las graves secuelas potenciales. Ante la aparición de flictenas, el destechado cuidadoso de la misma es un tratamiento adecuado. La mayoría de los autores coinciden con el tratamiento profiláctico con antibioticoterapia.


Introduction: Ophidian bite poisoning is recognized as a public health problem by the World Health Organization. The low incidence added to the diversity of clinical presentations, ages, affected topographies, as well as the different protocols in the existing literature on some aspects of treatment, make the systematized management of these patients difficult. The aim of this work is to carry out a systematic review of the literature on snakebite in pediatric patients with hand and upper limb involvement, with emphasis on the management of loco-regional complications. In terms of importance and frequency, we highlight compartment syndrome, phlyctenas and infections. Methodology: a literature search was carried out in MedLine/PubMed with the keywords: "Snake Bite hand Children" and "Snake Bite compartment syndrome". Articles published in the last 10 years (2012 to 2022) were included. Results: the search for articles with the words "Snake Bite hand Children" resulted in 20 articles and the search for the words "Snake Bite compartment syndrome" resulted in 34 articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 articles were obtained for the analysis. Conclusions: the pediatric population is more exposed to snake bites and in turn to present more severe lesions. The treatment of compartment syndrome continues to be a subject of debate. Inoculated venom can simulate a compartment syndrome that can be reversed without fasciotomies with proper treatment. Likewise, in the presence of clear symptoms and signs of compartment syndrome, fasciotomies are suggested because of the serious sequelae generated. In the event of the appearance of phlyctenas, careful unroofing of the phlyctenas would be an appropriate treatment. Most authors agree with prophylactic treatment with antibiotic therapy.


Introdução: O envenenamento por mordidas ofídias é reconhecido como um problema de saúde pública pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. A baixa incidência, juntamente com a diversidade de apresentações clínicas, idades, topografias afetadas, bem como os diferentes protocolos da literatura existente sobre alguns aspectos do tratamento, tornam difícil o gerenciamento sistemático desses pacientes. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre mordida de cobra em pacientes pediátricos com envolvimento de mãos e membros superiores, com ênfase no gerenciamento de complicações loco-regionais. Em termos de importância e freqüência, destacamos a síndrome compartimental, as flectenas e as infecções. Metodologia: foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica no MedLine/PubMed com as palavras-chave: "Snake Bite hand Children" e "Snake Bite compartment syndrome". Os artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos (2012 a 2022) foram incluídos. Resultados: a busca de artigos usando as palavras "Snake Bite hand Children" resultou em 20 artigos e a busca das palavras "Snake Bite compartment syndrome" resultou em 34 artigos. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram obtidos 30 artigos para análise. Conclusões: a população pediátrica está mais exposta às picadas de cobra e, por sua vez, a lesões mais graves. O tratamento da síndrome compartimental continua a ser motivo de debate. O veneno inoculado pode simular uma síndrome de compartimento que pode ser revertida sem fasciotomias com tratamento apropriado. Da mesma forma, se houver sinais e sintomas claros de síndrome compartimental, são sugeridas fasciotomias por causa das severas seqüelas. Se as flectenas aparecerem, o desenrolamento cuidadoso das flectenas seria um tratamento apropriado. A maioria dos autores concorda com o tratamento profilático com a antibioticoterapia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Snake Bites/complications , Snake Venoms/adverse effects , Snake Bites/therapy , Snake Venoms/poisoning , Hand Injuries/etiology
12.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536015

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el accidente ofídico es una intoxicación ocasionada por la inoculación de veneno a través de la mordedura de una serpiente, la cual genera alteraciones locales y sistémicas. Dicho evento representa un importante problema de salud pública en los países en vía de desarrollo debido a su alta frecuencia y gravedad. Las serpientes del género Bothrops son responsables de la mayoría de los accidentes y esto se debe, en parte, a su amplia distribución geográfica y comportamiento agresivo cuando se sienten amenazadas. La lesión renal aguda es una causa importante de mortalidad en pacientes con mordedura de serpientes de este género. Objetivo: describir el caso de un paciente femenino con lesión renal aguda inducida por mordedura de serpiente del género Bothrops. Simultáneamente se detallan los datos epidemiológicos más relevantes de dicha entidad, sus factores de riesgo, los posibles mecanismos fisiopatológicos que explican la génesis de la misma, su diagnóstico y manejo clínico. Se resalta la importancia de su identificación precoz y tratamiento oportuno. Presentación del caso: se presenta el caso de una paciente de 40 años que ingresa a una institución de cuarto nivel de complejidad por presentar lesión renal aguda y coagulopatía por consumo secundario a mordedura de serpiente del género Bothrops, con presencia de sangrado vaginal y hematuria que progresa a anuria y hematemesis, requiriendo transfusión de hemoderivados y terapia de reemplazo renal, medidas con las cuales presentó una evolución clínica favorable. Discusión y conclusión: la lesión renal aguda asociada a la mordedura de serpientes del género Bothrops es una complicación clínica común y potencialmente mortal que no debe ser olvidada. Los eventos fisiopatológicos responsables de esta complicación incluyen mecanismos inmunológicos, trastornos de la coagulación, pigmenturia, nefrotoxicidad directa y la respuesta inflamatoria con efectos hemodinámicos sistémicos y renales. Se hace imprescindible el conocimiento de dicha entidad en aras de reconocerla de forma precoz e instaurar su tratamiento oportuno con el fin de reducir sus complicaciones potencialmente fatales.


Introduction: The ophidian accident is an intoxication caused by the inoculation of venom through the bite of a snake, which generates local and systemic alterations. This event represents an important public health problem in developing countries due to its high frequency and severity. Snakes of the genus Bothrops are responsible for the majority of accidents, and this is partly due to their wide geographic distribution and aggressive behavior when threatened. Acute kidney injury is an important cause of mortality in patients with snake bites of this genus. Purpose: To describe the case of a female patient with bothrops snakebite-induced acute kidney injury. Simultaneously, the most relevant epidemiological data of said entity, its risk factors, the possible pathophysiological mechanisms that explain its genesis, its diagnosis and clinical management are detailed. The importance of its early identification and timely treatment is highlighted. Case presentation: We present the case of a 40-year-old female patient who was admitted to a fourth level of complexity institution due to acute kidney injury and consumption coagulopathy secondary to bothrops snakebite, with the presence of vaginal bleeding and hematuria that progressed to anuria. and hematemesis; requiring transfusion of blood products and renal replacement therapy, measures with which she presented a favorable clinical evolution. Conclusion and discussion: Acute kidney injury associated with the bite of bothrops snakes is a common and life-threatening clinical complication that should not be overlooked. The pathophysiological events responsible for this complication include immunological mechanisms, coagulation disorders, pigmenturia, direct nephrotoxicity, and the inflammatory response with systemic and renal hemodynamic effects. Knowledge of this entity is essential in order to recognize it early and establish its timely treatment in order to reduce its potentially fatal complications.

13.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 22(1): 167-175, Jan.-Mar. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1376207

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the epidemiological and clinical aspects of accidents caused by venomous animals in children under 15 years old. Methods: a cross-sectional study with an analytical component using secondary data from Centro de Informação e Assistência Toxicológica de Pernambuco (CIATox-PE), (Poison Center in Pernambuco)), in 2017 to 2019. Notifications of accidents caused were included in the studied age group and evaluated the characteristics of poisoning (animal classification, exposure zone, place and time of the occurrence and specific use of serum therapy), and of the patient (sociodemographic variables, clinical condition and evolution). The analysis performed in STATA® 13.1 presents frequency distribution tables and Pearson's chi-square for comparison. Results: of the 2678 notifications, 82,8% were scorpionism and 10, 8% snakebite. The age group of1 to 9 years old (70.5%) and being male (54.1%) were predominant. Most of the cases occurred in urban area (80.9%), in Recife (67.3%), inside the victim's residence (83.9%) and at night (47.3%). The majority (87.1%) were classified as 'mild severity', 10% received antivenom therapy and one died (by scorpionism). Two cases of snakebite in the workplace were registered. Conclusion: there was a high frequency of accidents caused in the urban area, which may be related to the lack of urban planning and sanitary education. The accidents caused among children in the household environment and the suspicion of child labor in the age group of 10 to 14 years old were also highlighted which favors the development and habits of the venomous animal.


Resumo Objetivos: analisar aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos dos acidentes por animais peçonhentos em menores de 15 anos. Métodos: estudo transversal com componente analítico utilizando dados secundários do Centro de Informação e Assistência Toxicológica de Pernambuco (CIATox-PE), no período de 2017 a 2019. Foram incluídas as notificações dos acidentes na faixa etária estudada e avaliadas características do envenenamento (classe do animal, zona de exposição, local/turno da ocorrência e uso soroterapia específica) e do paciente (variáveis sociodemográficas, gravidade clínica e evolução). A análise realizada no STATA® 13.1 apresenta tabelas de distribuição de frequência e qui-quadrado de Pearson para comparação. Resultados: das 2678 notificações, 82,8% foram de escorpionismo e 10,8% de ofidismo. Predominaram na faixa etária de 1a 9 anos (70,5%) e sexo masculino (54,1%);ocorreram principalmente na zona urbana (80,9%),no Recife(67,3%), na residência da vítima (83,9%), durante horário noturno (47,3%). A maioria (87,1%) foi classificada como de gravidade leve, 10% receberam soroterapia e ocorreu um óbito (escorpionismo). Registraram-se dois casos de ofidismo em ambiente de trabalho. Conclusão: ressaltam-se os acidentes intradomiciliares entre crianças e a suspeita de trabalho infantil na faixa etária de 10 a 14anos.Os acidentes ocorreram sobretudo na zona urbana provavelmente associado à falta de planejamento e educação sanitária que favorece o desenvolvimento e hábitos do animal peçonhento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Snake Bites/epidemiology , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Scorpion Stings/epidemiology , Animals, Poisonous , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies
14.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 31(3): e2022025, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1404735

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal dos acidentes causados por animais peçonhentos no Brasil, de 2007 a 2019. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan). Para a análise temporal, utilizou-se a regressão linear de Prais-Winsten. Foram calculadas as incidências por sexo e faixa etária, risco relativo e letalidade. Resultados: No período de estudo, houve 2.102.657 casos de acidentes por animais peçonhentos. Com exceção do ofidismo, os demais acidentes apresentaram tendência temporal crescente na maioria das macrorregiões nacionais. Escorpionismo, ofidismo e araneísmo foram responsáveis por 86% dos acidentes, principalmente entre pessoas do sexo masculino em idade economicamente ativa. A de letalidade foi mais elevada para acidentes ofídicos (0,4%) e apílicos (0,3%). As crianças foram as principais vítimas de acidentes com abelhas, lagartas e "outros". Conclusão: Os acidentes com animais peçonhentos apresentaram tendência temporal crescente para a maioria dos agravos e diferentes perfis epidemiológicos.


Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia temporal de los accidentes con animales ponzoñosos en Brasil de 2007 a 2019. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con datos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria (Sinan). Para el análisis temporal se utilizó la Regresión Lineal de Prais-Wisten. Se calcularon las incidencias por sexo y grupo de edad, riesgo relativo y letalidad. Resultados: Durante el período del estudio hubo 2.102.657 casos de accidentes con animales ponzoñosos. Con excepción de la mordedura de serpiente, los demás accidentes mostraron una tendencia temporal creciente en la mayoría de las regiones del país. El escorpionismo, la mordedura de serpiente y la picadura de araña fueron responsables del 86% de los accidentes, afectando principalmente a personas del sexo masculino en edad laboral. Las tasas de letalidad más altas fueron por accidentes de mordedura de serpiente (0,4%) y picadura de araña (0,3%). Los niños fueron las principales vitimas de los acidentes con abejas, lagartas y "otros". Conclusión: Los accidentes com animales ponzoñosos mostraron una tendencia temporal creciente para la mayoría de las enfermedades y diferentes perfiles epidemiológicos.


Objective: to analyze the temporal trend of accidents involving venomous animals in Brazil from 2007 to 2019. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study carried out with data from the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (SINAN). Prais-Winsten linear regression was used for the temporal analysis. We calculated incidence rates according to sex and age group, relative risk and case fatality ratio. Results: during the study period there were 2,102,657 cases of accidents involving venomous animals. With the exception of snakebite, the remaining accidents showed a rising temporal trend in most regions of the country. Scorpion stings, snake bites and spider bites were responsible for 86% of accidents, mainly affecting male people of working age. Accidents involving snakes (0.4%) and bees (0.3%) had the highest case fatality ratios. Children were the main victims of accidents involving bees, caterpillars and "others". Conclusion: accidents involving venomous animals showed a rising temporal trend for most conditions, as well as different epidemiological profiles.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Spider Bites/epidemiology , Snake Bites/epidemiology , Scorpion Stings/epidemiology , Health Profile , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiological Monitoring , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , Health Information Systems , Insect Bites and Stings/epidemiology
15.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);41(4): 631-642, oct.-dic. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355738

ABSTRACT

Resumen | Se reportan dos casos de mordedura por serpientes de la especie Micrurus ortoni en Colombia y uno por M. hemprichii en Perú. En dos de los casos se observó afección neurológica motora leve a moderada y, en todos, se presentó un acentuado trastorno sensitivo con hiperestesia e hiperalgesia irradiada desde el sitio de la mordedura hacia todo el hemicuerpo comprometido. El único paciente que recibió antiveneno, el cual no era específico para el tipo de envenenamiento, desarrolló una reacción al suero equino a los ocho días de su aplicación. Se presentan y discuten los resultados de las pruebas de laboratorio, incluido el estudio electromiográfico, así como el registro fotográfico de las manifestaciones clínicas y de los agentes causales.


Abstract | We report two snakebites by Micrurus ortoni in Colombia and one by M. hemprichii in Perú. In two of the cases, we observed mild to moderate motor neurological involvement and in all patients, there was a marked sensory effect with hyperesthesia and hyperalgesia radiating from the bite site to the entire ipsilateral hemibody. The only patient who received antivenom, which did not correspond with the type of envenomation, developed equine serum sickness eight days after its administration. The results of the laboratory tests, including an electromyographic study, the photographic record of the clinical manifestations, and the causative agents are presented and discussed.


Subject(s)
Snake Bites , Coral Snakes , Peru , Colombia
16.
Medisan ; 25(5)2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1346546

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso clínico de un anciano de 73 años de edad, que fue asistido en el Cuerpo de Guardia del Hospital General Docente Enrique Cabrera Cossío de La Habana por haber sido mordido en el rostro, en la región supraciliar derecha, por un perro, que le causó una herida avulsiva, con pérdida considerable de tejidos blandos, abundante sangrado y dolor. Luego de efectuar antisepsia del área y profilaxis con antibióticos, se practicó rápidamente el procedimiento quirúrgico, que consistió en desbridamiento de la herida y reconstrucción del defecto a través de plastia primaria con técnica de colgajos locales de avance y rotación, lo que permitió una evolución favorable, tanto estética como funcional, en el paciente.


The case report of a 73 years old man is presented. He was assisted in the Emergency Service of Enrique Cabrera Cossío Teaching General Hospital in Havana city, due to a dog bite in his face, in the right supraciliary region, that caused him a lacerated wound, with considerable loss of soft tissues, abundant bleeding and pain. After making antisepsis of the area and prevention with antibiotics, the surgical procedure was quickly practiced that consisted on debridement of the wound and reconstruction of the defect through primary plasty with technique of advance and rotation local flaps, that allowed a favorable clinical course in the patient, both cosmetic and functional.


Subject(s)
Bites and Stings/surgery , Aged , Dogs , Surgical Flaps , Debridement
17.
Rev. argent. cir. plást ; 27(2): 67-70, 20210000. graf, fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1357667

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Hasta un 90% de las mordeduras de animales son producidas por perros. Los niños son la población más vulnerable frente a las mordeduras ya que suelen afectar una mayor proporción de superficie corporal. Objetivo. Analizar la casuística de mordeduras de perro y su repercusión en nuestro entorno. Métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo de un período de 8 años, que incluyó a todos los pacientes de 0 a 18 años con diagnóstico de mordedura de perro. Resultados. Se incluyeron 183 pacientes con diagnóstico de mordedura de perro. El promedio de edad fue de 6,1 años, y el grupo etario más afectado fue el de los niños de 3 a 5 años (38,3%). El tratamiento quirúrgico fue dividido en pacientes que requirieron rafia por planos (84,6%), colgajos (11,4%), injertos (3,4%) y puntos de aproximación (1%). Se reportaron 8 pacientes con complicaciones (4,4%). Conclusión. Los niños de 3 a 5 años son los más afectados por mordeduras de perro y la zona de cabeza y cuello es la más común. Un porcentaje importante de pacientes requirieron colgajos e injertos con buenos resultados.


Introduction. Up to 90% of animal bites are produced by dogs. Children are the most vulnerable population because bites tend to affect greater body surface area. Outcome. Analyze dog bites cases and their impact on our environment. Methods. An observational, descriptive, retrospective study during an 8 year period was carried out, which included all patients from 0 to 18 years with a diagnosis of dog bite. Results. A total of 183 patients with a diagnosis of dog bite were found. The average age was 6.1 years, and the age group most affected was children from 3 to 5 years old (38.3%). Surgical treatment was divided into: patients who required suture by planes (84.6%), flaps (11.4%) and grafts (3.4%) and approximation stitches (1%). Complications were reported in 8 patients (4.4%). Conclusion. Children from 3 to 5 years old are the most affected by dog bites, the head and neck area is the most common. A significant percentage of patients required flaps and grafts with good results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Wounds and Injuries/surgery , Bites and Stings/therapy , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Vaccination , Neck Injuries/therapy , Transplants/surgery , Lower Extremity/injuries , Upper Extremity/injuries , Dogs/injuries , Facial Injuries/therapy , Wound Closure Techniques , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
18.
Rev. chil. infectol ; Rev. chil. infectol;38(3): 393-400, jun. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388262

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las mordeduras causadas por animales de compañía constituyen el 5% de las heridas traumáticas registradas en los servicios de urgencias. OBJETIVO: Conocer los principales agentes infecciosos presentes en las mordeduras provocadas por perros y gatos, tanto de forma individual como conjunta; así como los factores que favorecen la infección. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Pub-Med con la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: (("Bites, Human"[Mesh]) OR "Bites and Stings"[Mesh]) AND "Infection"[Mesh]. Se incluyeron 24 trabajos en la síntesis cualitativa escritos en lengua inglesa o española, casos clínicos o descriptivos y publicados entre los años 2000 y 2019. RESULTADOS: Las especies más frecuentemente aisladas fueron Capnocytophaga canimorsus en perros y Pasteurella multocida en gatos. La existencia de comorbilidades en el individuo, la mordedura en la mano, o la presencia de signos de alteración del estado general del individuo mordido fueron considerados como factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de la infección tras la mordedura. CONCLUSIONES: Todos los afectados por mordeduras animales deben recibir asistencia médica y considerar la administración de una pauta de profilaxis antimicrobiana con el fin de reducir el riesgo de shock séptico. Por otro lado, es importante advertir al laboratorio de microbiología de la naturaleza de las muestras clínicas obtenidas para alcanzar el mejor diagnóstico etiológico.


BACKGROUND: Bites caused by pets constitute 5% of the traumatic injuries registered in the emergency services. AIM: To know the main infectious agents present in dog and cat bites, both individually and jointly, in humans, as well as the predisposing factors that favor infection and its spread. METHODS: A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed with the following search strategy: (("Bites, Human" [Mesh]) OR "Bites and Stings" [Mesh]) AND "Infection" [Mesh]. Twenty-four papers were included in the qualitative synthesis written in English or Spanish, clinical or descriptive cases and published between 2000 and 2019. Results: Most frequently isolated species were Capnocytophaga canimorsus in dogs and Pasteurella multocida in cats. The existence of comorbidities in the individual, the bite on the hand, or the presence of signs of alteration of the general state of the bitten individual were considered as risk factors for the development of infection after the bite. CONCLUSIONS: All patients with animal bites should receive medical assistance, and the administration of an antibiotic prophylaxis regimen should be considered to reduce the risk of septic shock. Besides, it is important to advise the microbiology laboratory of the nature of the clinical samples obtained in order to reach the best etiological diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Cats , Dogs , Bites and Stings/microbiology , Cat Diseases , Dog Diseases , Capnocytophaga/isolation & purification , Pasteurella multocida/isolation & purification
19.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);41(2): 314-337, abr.-jun. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339270

ABSTRACT

Resumen | Introducción. El ofidismo en Colombia es un problema de salud pública, lo cual se hace evidente al examinar los datos epidemiológicos a nivel latinoamericano, pues el país ocupa el tercer lugar en número de accidentes ofídicos después de Brasil y México. Objetivo. Hacer un análisis retrospectivo de los casos de accidente ofídico ocurridos entre 2009 y 2018 en el departamento de Cauca, según los datos del Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud Pública (Sivigila) registrados en el Instituto Departamental de Salud del Cauca. Materiales y métodos. Se recopiló e interpretó la información consignada en las fichas de notificación obligatoria de accidente ofídico en los 10 años de estudio. Se determinaron la incidencia y la frecuencia de accidentes según la distribución geográfica y los agentes causales, y se analizaron las variables socioeconómicas relacionadas. Resultados. Se registraron 1.653 casos y una baja mortalidad. Los géneros Bothrops y Bothriechis causaron la mayoría (77,43 %) de los accidentes, seguidos por el género Micrurus (2,9 %). La mayoría de las notificaciones procedían del sur del departamento; las personas de sexo masculino y los agricultores fueron los más afectados, con mordeduras en las extremidades superiores principalmente. Las principales manifestaciones del envenenamiento fueron las hemorrágicas, más frecuentes que la necrosis y la infección. Aunque el criterio para utilizar la seroterapia no siempre fue el mejor, las complicaciones iatrogénicas no fueron frecuentes. Conclusiones. Los municipios de El Tambo y Piamonte, las personas de sexo masculino y las áreas rurales, fueron las variables más afectadas por el ofidismo, principalmente el ofidismo botrópico. Las mayores incidencias se presentaron en la zona sur del Cauca, en las cuencas de los ríos Patía y Caquetá.


Abstract | Introduction: Snakebite is a relevant public health problem in Colombia, which is evident in epidemiological data at the Latin American level, where it ranks third place in the number of snakebites, after México and Brazil. Objective: To perform a retrospective analysis of snakebite accidents in the department of Cauca between 2009 and 2018 based on the data from the Public Health Surveillance System of Colombia reported to the Health Institute of Cauca. Materials and methods: We compiled and interpreted the information from the compulsory snakebite notification forms for the study's 10 years period. We determined snakebite incidence and frequency according to the geographical distribution and the causal agents, and we analyzed related socioeconomic variables as well. Results: The records accounted for 1,653 cases and low mortality. Bothrops and Bothriechis species (77.43%) caused most of the accidents followed by Micrurus (2.9%). Most of the notifications came from the south of the department, and males and farmers were the most affected with bites mainly in the upper extremities. During poisoning, hemorrhagic manifestations predominated over necrosis and infections; serotherapy criteria were not always adequately applied, however, iatrogenic complications were not frequent. Conclusions: El Tambo and Piamonte municipalities, being male, and rural areas were the variables most affected by ophidism, mainly bothropic ophidism. The highest incidences occurred in the southern part of Cauca, in the Patía and Caquetá river basins.


Subject(s)
Snake Bites , Colombia , Bothrops , Neglected Diseases
20.
Online braz. j. nurs. (Online) ; Online braz. j. nurs. (Online);20: e20216506, 05 maio 2021. graf, tab
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1290898

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: avaliar os fatores associados aos óbitos e ataques de tubarão no Brasil. MÉTODO: trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado mediante acesso virtual ao website do Global Shark Attack File. A análise foi realizada no programa R, a partir de estatística descritiva e dos testes de Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Teste Exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: ocorreram 86 ataques, dos quais 26 (30,2%) resultaram em óbito. Foi encontrada associação entre a ocorrência de ataque com o ano, estado, região, dia da semana, turno e espécie do tubarão, além da faixa etária, sexo da vítima e local do corpo acometido. Nenhuma variável apresentou associação com o óbito. O estado de Pernambuco computou o maior número de ataques (83,7%) e óbitos (96,2%). CONCLUSÃO: os ataques de tubarão estiveram associados com nove variáveis: três de caracterização da vítima e seis do perfil do acidente. Os óbitos não apresentaram associação significativa. Pernambuco sobressaiu como estado com maior ocorrência de ataque e óbitos.


OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the factors associated with shark attacks and deaths in Brazil. METHOD: this is a cross-sectional and quantitative study, carried out through virtual access to the Global Shark Attack File website. The analysis was performed in the R program, using descriptive statistics and the Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: there were 86 attacks, of which 26 (30.2%) resulted in deaths. An association was found between occurrence of the attacks and year, state, region, day of the week, shift and shark species, in addition to the victim's age group and gender and to the part of the body affected. No variable was associated with death as outcome. The state of Pernambuco accounted for the largest number of attacks (83.7%) and deaths (96.2%). CONCLUSION: shark attacks were associated with nine variables: three related to the victim's characterization and six to the profile of the accident. The deaths did not present a significant association. Pernambuco stood out as the state with the highest occurrence of attacks and deaths.


OBJETIVO: evaluar los factores asociados con las muertes y los ataques de tiburones en Brasil. MÉTODO: se trata de un estudio transversal, cuantitativo, realizado a través del acceso virtual al sitio web Global Shark Attack File. El análisis se realizó mediante el programa R, utilizando estadística descriptiva y chi-cuadrado de Pearson y prueba exacta de Fisher. RESULTADOS: hubo 86 ataques, de los cuales 26 (30,2%) resultaron en muerte. Se encontró que hay asociación entre el ataque y el año, estado, región, día de la semana, turno y especie de tiburón, además del rango etario, sexo de la víctima y parte del cuerpo afectada. Ninguna variable se asoció con la muerte. El estado de Pernambuco tuvo el mayor número de ataques (83,7%) y muertes (96,2%). CONCLUSIÓN: los ataques de tiburones se asociaron con nueve variables: tres de la caracterización de la víctima y seis del perfil del accidente. Las muertes no mostraron una asociación significativa. Pernambuco se destacó como el estado con mayor número de ataques y muertes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Sharks , Death , Bites and Stings/mortality , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors
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