Tratamiento conservador no invasivo del traumatismo esplénico / Non-invasive conservative treatment of splenic trauma

RESUMEN Antecedentes: el tratamiento conservador no invasivo del traumatismo esplénico disminuye intervenciones quirúrgicas innecesarias y depende centro asistencial donde es aplicado. Objetivo: describir los resultados del tratamiento conservador no invasivo de pacientes con traumatismo abdominal cerrado con lesión esplénica y correlacionarlos con variables preoperatorias. Material y métodos: trabajo observacional descriptivo de pacientes con traumatismo abdominal cerrado con lesión esplénica ingresados entre 2012-2022. Se analizaron cinemática del traumatismo, lesiones asociadas, grado de lesión tomográfica y de hemoperitoneo, lugar de internación y resultado del tratamiento conservador no invasivo. Resultados: en 102 pacientes la cinemática del traumatismo de mayor frecuencia fue moto/auto (47,1%); el porcentaje de éxito del tratamiento conservador no invasivo fue 66,6%, y se relacionó con el grado de lesión tomográfica (p <0,001), grado de hemoperitoneo (p <0,001), presencia de otras lesiones (p <0,001), traumatismo encéfalo craneano grave (p <0,009), y lugar de internación (p <0,002). Conclusión: a pesar de no contar con todos los recursos humanos y tecnológicos recomendados, el tratamiento conservador no invasivo en esta serie tuvo resultados comparables con centros de mayor complejidad.

ABSTRACT Background: Non-invasive conservative treatment of splenic trauma reduces the rate of unnecessary surgical interventions and depends on the type of healthcare center involved. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the outcomes of non-invasive conservative treatment in patients with blunt abdominal trauma and splenic injury and their correlation with the preoperative variables. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective and observational study of patients admitted with blunt abdominal trauma and splenic injury between 2012 and 2022. The variables analyzed were kinematics of trauma, lesion severity on computed tomography images, amount of hemoperitoneum, type of unit of hospitalization and results of non-invasive conservative treatment. Results: Among 102 patients, the most common kinematics of trauma was motorcycle-to-car collisions (47.1%); the success rate of non-invasive conservative treatment was 66.6%, and was associated with lesion severity on computed tomography images (p < 0.001), amount of hemoperitoneum (p < 0.001), presence of other injuries (p < 0.001), severe trauma brain injury (p < 0.009), and type of unit of hospitalization (p < 0.002). Conclusion: Despite the absence of recommended human and technological resources, the results of non-invasive conservative treatment in this series were comparable to those obtained in high complexity centers.

Laparoscopia con preservación de órgano en lesión esplénica en dos tiempos por traumatismo cerrado de abdomen / Laparoscopy with spleen preservation for delayed splenic rupture due to blunt abdominal trauma

RESUMEN El tratamiento no operatorio (TNO) de lesiones abdominales en traumatismo cerrado de abdomen (TCA) se basa en pilares clínicos y radiológicos. Presentamos el de caso de paciente masculino de 16 años que ingresa en el Servicio de Emergencias por dolor abdominal en hipocondrio izquierdo y antecedente de traumatismo cerrado de abdomen reciente. Se establece protocolo de TNO basado en cuadro clínico e imágenes pero, en forma posterior, ante la evolución desfavorable, se cambia la conducta y se realiza tratamiento laparoscópico conservador de órgano.

ABSTRACT Nonoperative management (NOM) of organ injuries in abdominal blunt trauma (ABT) is based on clinical and imaging test findings. We herein present a 16-year-old male patient with a history of recent blunt abdominal trauma was admitted to the emergency department for abdominal pain in the left hypochondrium. A protocol for NOM was established based on the clinical picture and imaging findings, but afterwards, in view of the unfavorable progression, the approach was modified to laparoscopic organ-preserving surgery.

Lesión quirúrgica de vía biliar compleja. Manejo conservador / Complex bile duct injury. Conservative management

RESUMEN La colecistectomía laparoscópica es el tratamiento de elección para la litiasis vesicular sintomática. Aunque la tasa de complicaciones es baja, las lesiones de la vía biliar representan un grave problema. La asociación con una lesión vascular (lesión compleja) genera un impacto adicional, disminuyendo la calidad de vida y la sobrevida a largo plazo. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con lesión compleja por compromiso vascular del pedículo hepático derecho que desarrolló una atrofia del parénquima correspondiente. Ante la ausencia de complicaciones sépticas, el tratamiento no operatorio pudo realizarse en forma exitosa.

ABSTRACT Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the standard of care for symptomatic cholelithiasis. Although the rate of complications is low, bile duct injuries represent a serious problem. The association with vascular injury (complex injury) poses an additional impact by reducing the quality of life and long-term survival. We report the case of a female patient with complex injury due to vascular involvement of the right hepatic pedicle who developed right liver atrophy. Non-operative management was successful due to the absence of septic complications.

Has platelet-rich plasma any role in partial tears of the anterior cruciate ligament? Prospective comparative study.

BACKGROUND: Partial tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are frequent, and there is still considerable controversy surrounding their diagnosis, natural history and treatment. AIM: To examine patient-reported outcomes, physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of partial ACL tears treated with an intraarticular injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) compared to a control group. METHODS: From January 2015 to November 2017, consecutive patients from a single institution with partial ACL tears treated nonoperatively were prospectively evaluated. Partial tears were defined as a positive Lachman test with a clear end-point, a negative pivot-shift and less than 3 mm of side-to-side difference using the KT1000 arthrometer. Patients in group 1 were treated with one intraarticular injection of PRP and specific physical therapy protocol. Control group consisted of patients treated only with physical therapy. Prospective analyzed data included physical examination, Tegner activity level and Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee scores. Baseline MRI findings and at 6 mo follow-up were reviewed. Failure was defined as those patients with clinical instability at follow-up that required a subsequent ACL reconstruction. RESULTS: A total of 40 patients where included, 21 treated with PRP injection with a mean follow-up of 25 mo [standard deviation (SD): 3.6] and 19 in the control group with a mean follow-up of 25 mo (SD: 5.68). Overall failure rate was 32.0% (n = 13). No significant differences were observed between groups regarding subjective outcomes, return to sport and failure rate. MRI findings revealed an improvement in the ACL signal in half of the patients of both groups. However, we did not find a significant relationship between MRI findings and clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: Overall, 95.0% of patients returned to sports at a mean follow-up of 25 mo. Mean time to return to sports was 4 mo. Out of these patients, almost 30.0% in each group had a new episode of instability and required surgery at a median time of 5 mo in group 1 and 8 mo in group 2. The addition of PRP alone was not sufficient to enhance any of the outcome measures evaluated, including MRI images, clinical evaluation and failure rate.

Factors associated with one year mortality in ill patients with proximal femoral fractures treated non operatively.

INTRODUCTION: Non-operative treatment is an exceptional indication for the treatment of proximal femur fracture. The aim of the study was to analyze the mortality rate in one year and associated factors in severely ill patients submitted to non-operative treatment. METHODS: It was included 28 patients treated from August 2014 to September 2019. Eighteen (64.3%) patients were female and 10 (35.7%) were male. The mean age was 78.7 ± 11.9 years old. The main outcome evaluated was the mortality rate in one year. It was also evaluated the correlation with gender, age, personal habits, number of comorbidities and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). RESULTS: The functional result was assessed with WOMAC score via telephone call. The mortality rate in one year was 42.8% without statistical positive correlation with any of the studied parameters. Patients with three or more comorbidities didn't have a higher mortality rate comparing to survived patients (83.3% vs 81.3%). The CCI also didn't show any correlation with high mortality (6.9 vs 7.1). The functional result of the survived patients was poor (78.2 points WOMAC). CONCLUSION: The conclusion is that the mortality rate in one year of ill patients with hip fractures treated non-operatively is 42.8% without correlation with age, gender of number of comorbidities, and the functional result of the survived patients is poor.

Nonoperative treatment of a blunt adrenal gland trauma with blush: A case report.

Adrenal gland trauma is a rare and scarcely reported injury due to its retroperitoneal position and relationship with adjacent tissues. We report a male patient with a history of a thoracoabdominal blunt trauma with adrenal injury as an isolated abdominal viscera. He was hemodynamically stable at admission, with a blush within his adrenal hematoma. The patient was treated nonoperatively and subsequently discharged after 15 days. The available literature reports advantages of a nonoperative approach compared to surgery, which is necessary in only 1% of cases that are predominantly polytrauma patients with multiple intra-abdominal injuries. Therefore, a nonoperative treatment is recommended for patients with an isolated adrenal gland injury who are hemodynamically stable during hospital stay.

Current challenges and controversies in the management of scapular fractures: a review.

Fractures of the scapula are rare and usually associated with high-energy trauma. The unfavorable scapular anatomy, combined with the complexity of the approaches for fracture fixation, make the treatment challenging, even for experienced surgeons. Furthermore, the literature is controversial regarding surgical indications and rationale for treatment. The present review article was designed to address and discuss critical aspects of decision-making for the management of scapular fractures, including surgical indications and patient safety considerations.

Achados tomográficos nos traumas abdominais contusos e perfil dos pacientes / Tomographic findings in contune abdominal trauma and patient profile

O trauma é a 5ª. causa de morte no mundo e, na população com menos de 40 anos, é a maior causa de óbitos. O abdome é região frequentemente lesada e requer tratamento cirúrgico com frequência. Em se tratando de trauma contuso, exames de imagem oferecem diagnóstico mais acurado conduzindo tratamento mais adequado. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação dos achados tomográficos, do exame físico e a prevalência das lesões. Foram selecionados 39 politraumatizados e vítimas de trauma abdominal contuso, através de um estudo prospectivo. Foram comparados exame físico e o achado tomográfico. Em conclusão, mostrou-se que a avaliação clínica isoladamente pode fazer com que lesões passem desapercebidas; a tomografia computadorizada teve boa sensibilidade e especificidade devendo ser realizada para diagnosticar e melhor guiar a terapêutica.

Trauma is the 5th cause of death in the world and, in the population under 40 years old, it is the biggest cause of death. The abdomen is a frequently injured region and often requires surgical treatment. In the case of blunt trauma, imaging tests offer a more accurate diagnosis leading to more appropriate treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between tomographic and physical examination findings and the prevalence of lesions. Thirty-nine polytraumatized and victims of blunt abdominal trauma were selected through a prospective study. Physical examination and tomographic findings were compared. In conclusion, it has been shown that clinical assessment alone can make lesions go unnoticed; computed tomography had good sensitivity and specificity and should be performed to diagnose and better guide therapy.

Impacto de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) en el tratamiento de una lesión duodenal por arma de fuego / Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) in the treatment of duodenal gunshot injury

RESUMEN Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente con traumatismo abdominal por herida de arma de fuego (HAF). En otra institución se realizó cirugía de exclusión pilórica y hepatorrafia por lesión hepatoduo denal. Fue derivado a nuestra institución a las 12 horas posoperatorias. Intercurre en el posoperatorio con neumonía grave por COVID-19 y complicaciones de su cirugía ini cial. La presentación severa de la enfermedad nos inclina por el manejo no operatorio. La utilización de drenajes percutáneos permitió el manejo de colecciones evitando una cirugía mayor inicial. La recuperación pulmonar facilitó la cirugía definitiva. La neumonía severa por COVID-19 en un paciente con lesión duodenal grave por HAF condiciona la toma de decisiones.

ABSTRACT We report the case of a patient with an abdominal gunshot trauma with liver and duodenal injury who underwent pyloric exclusion and liver repair in another institution. The patient was transferred to our institution 12 hours after surgery. During hospitalization, severe pneumonia due to COVID-19 and complications of the initial surgery developed. Non-surgical management was decided due to the severity of the disease. Percutaneous drainage allowed for the management of the collections avoiding a major initial surgery. Once he recovered from the pneumonia, the definite surgery was performed. Severe COVID-19 pneumonia in a patient with serious duodenal shotgun injury is a determining factor for decision-making of treatment options.

Operative versus Non-Operative Management of Traumatic Thoracolumbar Injuries according to the AO Spine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System

Introduction The AOSpine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification (AOSTSIC) system has been proposed to better characterize injury morphologies and improve the classification of thoracolumbar (TL) spine trauma. However, the indications for surgical treatment according to the AOSTSIC system are still debated. Additionally, the proposed Thoracolumbar AOSpine Injury Score (AOSIS) is quite complex, which may preclude its use in daily practice. The objective of this reviewis to discuss the AOSTSIC systemand its indications for initial nonoperative versus surgical management of acute TL spine trauma. Methods We analyzed the literature for each injury type (and subtype, when pertinent) according to the AOSTSIC system as well as their potential treatment options. Results Patients with AOSTSIC subtypes A0, A1, and A2 are neurologically intact in the vast majority of the cases and initially managed nonoperatively. The treatment of A3- and A4-subtype injuries (burst fractures) in neurologically-intact patients is still debated with great controversy, with initially nonoperative management being considered an option in select patients. Surgery is recommended when there are neurological deficits or failure of nonoperativemanagement,with the role of magnetic resonance findings in the Posterior Ligamentous Complex (PLC) evaluation still being considered controversial. Injuries classified as type B1 in neurologically-intact patients may be treated, initially, with nonoperative management, provided that there are no ligamentous injury and non-displacing fragments. Due to severe ligamentous injury, type-B and type-C injuries should be considered as unstable injuries that must be surgically treated, regardless of the neurological status of the patient. Conclusions Until further evidence, we provided an easy algorithm-based guide on the spinal trauma literature to help surgeons in the decision-making process for the treatment of TL spine injuries classified according to the new AOSTSIC system.

When and how to discontinue bracing treatment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: results of a survey.

BACKGROUND: Currently, there is little consensus on how or when to discontinue bracing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). An expert spine surgeon national survey could aid in elucidate discontinuation of the brace.Few data have been published on when and how to discontinue bracing treatment in patients with AIS resulting in differences in the management of the condition. The aim of this study was to characterize decision-making of surgeons in the management of bracing discontinuation in AIS. METHODS: An original electronic survey consisting of 12 multiple choice questions was sent to all the members of the National Spine Surgery Society (497 surveyed). Participants were asked about their type of medical practice, years of experience in the field, society memberships, type of brace they usually prescribed, average hours of daily brace wearing they recommended, and how and when they indicated bracing discontinuation as well as the clinical and/or imaging findings this decision was based on. Exclusion criteria include brace discontinued because of having developed a curve that warranted surgical treatment. RESULTS: Of a total of 497 surgeons, 114 responded the survey (22.9%). 71.9% had more than 5 years of experience in the specialty, and 51% mainly treated pediatric patients. Overall, 95.5% of the surgeons prescribed the thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO), indicated brace wearing for a mean of 20.6 h daily. Regarding bracing discontinuation, indicated gradual brace weaning, a decision 93.9% based on anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral radiographs of the spine and physical examination, considered a Risser ≥ IV and ≥ 24 months post menarche. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provide insight in the daily practice of spine surgeons regarding how and when they discontinue bracing in AIS. The decision of bracing discontinuation is based on AP/lateral spinal radiographs and physical examination, Risser ≥ IV, regardless of Tanner stage, and ≥ 24 months post menarche. Gradual weaning is recommended.

Manejo no operatorio del trauma cerrado de abdomen en pacientes hemodinámicamente estables / Non-operative management of closed abdominal trauma in hemodynamically stable patients

En las últimas décadas, las indicaciones para el tratamiento de pacientes con diagnóstico de trauma cerrado de abdomen han cambiado considerablemente. Con el desarrollo y la disponibilidad de métodos de diagnósticos por imágenes y avances en unidades de cuidados intensivos, fue posible optar por el tratamiento no quirúrgico de las lesiones de órganos sólidos. El manejo no quirúrgico es la piedra angular del manejo de las lesiones hepáticas y esplénicas causadas por un traumatismo abdominal cerrado en pacientes con hemodinámica estable, evitando las laparotomías innecesarias y sus complicaciones.

Factores asociados a falla en el manejo no operatorio de lesiones hepáticas o esplénicas secundarias a trauma abdominal cerrado en niños / Associated factors to non-operative management failure of hepatic and splenic lesions secondary to blunt abdominal trauma in children

Introducción: El manejo no operatorio (MNO) es el manejo estándar del trauma cerrado esplénico y hepático en el paciente pediátrico. Se han identificado como fallas a este manejo inestabilidad hemodinámica y transfusiones masivas. Pocos trabajos evalúan si existen factores que permitan una anticipación a estos eventos. El objetivo fue determinar la existencia de factores asociados a la falla en MNO de las lesiones esplénicas y/o hepáticas secundarias al trauma abdominal cerrado. Pacientes y Método: Análisis retrospectivo 2007 a 2015 de los pacientes que ingresaron al servicio de Cirugía infantil del Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación con trauma hepático y/o esplénico cerrado. Resultados: Ingresaron 70 pacientes con trauma cerrado de abdomen, 3 fueron excluidos por cirugía inmediata (2 inestabilidad hemodinámica y 1 irritación peritoneal). De 67 pacientes que recibieron MNO, 58 tuvieron éxito y 9 presentaron falla (8 inestabilidad hemodinámica y 1 lesión de víscera hueca). Encontramos 3 factores asociados a la falla MNO: presión arterial (PAS) < 90 mmHg al ingreso (p=0,0126; RR =5,19), caída de la Hemoglobina (Hb) > 2 g/dl en las primeras 24 h (p=0,0009; RR= 15,3), y transfusión de 3 o más unidades de glóbulos rojos (UGR) (0,00001; RR= 17,1). Mecanismo del trauma, severidad e Índice de Trauma Pediátrico no se asociaron con fallo MNO. Conclusiones: Los niños con trauma cerrado hepático o esplénico responden al MNO. Los factores como PA menor de 90 al ingreso, caída de la Hb >2 g/dl en las primeras 24 h y la transfusión de 3 o más UGR pueden asociarse con la falla en el MNO.

Introduction: The non operative management (NOM) is the standard management of splenic and liver blunt trauma in pediatric patients.Hemodynamic instability and massive transfusions have been identified as management failures. Few studies evaluate whether there exist factors allowing anticipation of these events. The objective was to identify factors associated with the failure of NOM in splenic and liver injuries for blunt abdominal trauma. Patients and Method: Retrospective analysis between 2007-2015 of patients admitted to the pediatric surgery at University Hospital Saint Vincent Foundation with liver trauma and/or closed Spleen. Results: 70 patients were admitted with blunt abdominal trauma, 3 were excluded for immediate surgery (2 hemodynamic instability, 1 peritoneal irritation). Of 67 patients who received NOM, 58 were successful and 9 showed failure (8 hemodynamic instability, 1 hollow viscera injury). We found 3 factors associated with failure NOM: blood pressure (BP) < 90 mmHg at admission (p = 0.0126; RR = 5.19), drop in hemoglobin (Hb) > 2 g/dl in the first 24 hours (p = 0.0009; RR = 15.3), and transfusion of 3 or more units of red blood cells (RBC) (0.00001; RR = 17.1). Mechanism and severity of trauma and Pediatric Trauma Index were not associated with failure NOM. Conclusions: Children with blunted hepatic or splenic trauma respond to NOM. Factors such as BP < 90 mmHg at admission, an Hb fall > 2 g/dl in the first 24 hours and transfusion of 3 or more units of RBC were associated with the failure in NOM.

Tratamiento no operatorio en traumatismo cerrado de abdomen en el Hospital Municipal Dr. Leónidas Lucero: nuestra experiencia / Nonoperative treatment of blunt abdominal trauma at the Municipal Hospital Dr. Leonidas Lucero

Antecedentes: existe una tendencia creciente hacia el tratamiento no operatorio (TNO) en el trauma-tismo cerrado de abdomen (TCA), en pacientes estables hemodinámicamente, sin abdomen agudo peritoneal. No hay consenso sobre: momento de inicio de la dieta, deambulación, proflaxis anttrom-bótica, seguimiento y control, y reinicio de la actividad fisica. Objetivo: describir los resultados del manejo de pacientes con TCA, admitidos en nuestro Servicio de Cirugía. Material y métodos: incluimos pacientes mayores de 15 años internados desde enero de 2011 hasta septembre de 2014, con TCA sometidos a TNO. Se recabaron las variables analizadas de una base de datos electrónica de fichaje prospectivo. Resultados: del total de pacientes 31 TCA, 15 se intervinieron quirúrgicamente al ingreso y 16 pacientes se someteron a TNO. El 73,3% presentó lesiones asociadas extraabdominales. A todos se les realizó ecografa abdominal, donde se encontró líquido libre en el 80% y se identificó lesión de órgano sólido en el 60%. En 11 pacientes se realizó TC confrmando lesión objetivada en la ecografa e iden-tificando 3 no evidenciadas previamente. Se diagnosticaron 5 traumatismos hepáticos, 2 asociados a traumatismo renal; 6 traumatismos esplénicos, 4 renales y un paciente con hemoperitoneo. En 7 pacientes se utlizó tromboproflaxis. El TNO fue exitoso en todos los casos. Tres pacientes presentaron complicaciones. No se registró mortalidad. Conclusiones: los pacientes sometidos a TNO en nuestro hospital fueron tratados exitosamente en todos los casos. No se registró mortalidad en la serie analizada.

Background: there is a growing trend towards non-operative management (NOM) in the blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) in hemodynamically stable patentis without peritoneal acute abdomen. However, there is stll no consensus on: tme of onset of diet, ambulaton, antthrombotic prophylaxis, follow-up, and resumpton of physical activity. Objective: to describe the management of patentis with BAT, admited to the Department of Surgery of our insttuton. Material and methods: we included patentis age 15 and older admited from January 2011 to Sept-ember 2014, with BAT who underwent NOM. The variables analyzed were collected from an electronic database of prospective signing. Resultis: 31 TCA were identifed, 15 were operated on at admission and 16 patentis underwent NOM. 75% were men; mean age of 29 (range 18-58). In 100% abdominal ultrasound was performed, finding free fuid in 80% and identifying organ damage in 60% of the total. In 11 patentis CT scan was perfor-med confrming identifed organ injury on ultrasound and diagnosing three not evidenced previously. We included 5 patentis with liver trauma, 2 associated renal trauma; 6 splenic trauma; 4 kidney trauma and 1 patent with hemoperitoneum. Thromboprophylaxis was used in 7 patentis. NOM was successful in all cases. Three patentis presented complicatons, not associated with trauma. No mortality was recorded. Conclusions: patentis undergoing NOT in our hospital were successfully treated in all cases. There were no complicatons associated with management of the NOT. No mortality was recorded.

Non-surgical treatment of pectus carinatum with the FMF® Dynamic Compressor System.

Pectus carinatum is a chest wall deformity, sometimes associated with physical signs and symptoms, but always associated to significant psychological distress. Surgical correction used to be the only solution, and was therefore only indicated for the most severe cases. Non-surgical approaches have been developed and improved during the last 15-20 years. A paradigm shift occured when the medical community realized that, despite the wall deformity, the chest wall was not completely rigid, but flexible and capable of remodeling. Several bracing devices and protocols are available as of today. This article will focus specifically in the FMF® Dynamic Compressor System (DCS), which was developed in Argentina in 2001 and is currently used worldwide.

Tratamento não operatório de 1.768 pacientes portadores de lesões das vísceras maciças abdominais por trauma contuso atendidos no Hospital João XXIII / Non-operative treatment of 1,768 patients with lesions in the abdominal massive viscerae caused by blunt trauma, tended at the João XXIII Hospital

Objetivos: Analisar os resultados obtidos com a implantação do protocolo de tratamento não operatório (TNO) do trauma abdominal contuso no Hospital João XXIII (HJXXIII). Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo em pacientes submetidos ao TNO vítimas de trauma abdominal contuso atendidas no HJXXIII no período de novembro de 2004 a dezembro 2013. Resultados: Durante o período, 1.768 pacientes preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Do total, 17 pacientes (0,99%) apresentavam lesões das três vísceras,197 (11,1%) de duas vísceras e 1.554 (87,9%) de uma víscera. Os 1.768 pacientes tinham 1.999 lesões assim distribuídas: 790 (39,5%) lesões hepáticas, 761 (38%) esplênicas e 448 (22.5%) renais. Na lesão hepática, a falha foi de 4,3%. As lesões graus II e III foram as mais frequentes - 74,2% do total. Nesse grupo de pacientes o índice de falha não superou2%. Nas lesões graus IV e V a falha foi mais frequente, ocorrendo em, respectivamente, 12,5 e 25% dos pacientes. Na lesão esplênica a falha de TNO foi de 7,9%. As lesões graus II e III foram as mais comuns - 75,3% do total de pacientes. A falha do TNO foi maior na lesão esplênica grau III (11,3%) e grau IV (33,3%). O sangramento foi a causa principal dafalha. Na lesão renal a falha foi de 6,6%. As lesões graus II e III foram as mais frequentes (63,3%). O TNO falhou em 22,8% dos pacientes com lesão grau IV. Conclusão: o sucesso do TNO depende do grau de lesão, recursos institucionais e protocolo inflexível.

Objectives: to analyze the results obtained with the implementation of the non-operative treatment protocol (TNO) for blunt abdominal trauma in the João XXIII Hospital (HJXXIII). Methods: this was a retrospective study of patients submitted to TNO, victims of blunt abdominal trauma and tended at the HJXXIII, between November of 2004 and December of 2013. Results: a total of 1,768 patients met the inclusion criteria. Seventeen patients (0.99%)presented lesions in the three viscerae, 197 (11.1%) in two viscerae, and 1,554 (87.9%) in one viscera. The 1,768 patients had 1,999 lesions distributed as follows: 790 (39.5%) liver lesions, 761 (38%) splenic, and 448 (22.5%) renal. Failure was 4.3% in liver lesions, Grades II and III lesions were the most frequent - 74.2% of the total. In this group of patients the failure index was not over 2%. Failure was more frequent in Grades IV and V lesions occurring in, respectively, 12.5 and 25% of the patients. TNO failure was 7.9% in splenic lesions, Grades II and III lesions were the most common - 75.3% of the patients. TNO failure wasgreater in splenic lesions grade III (11.3%) and IV (33.3%). Bleeding was the main cause of failure. Failure was 6.6% in renal lesions. Grades II and III lesions were the most frequent (63.3%). TNO failed in 22.8% of patients with grade IV lesion. Conclusion: the success of TNO depends on the lesion grade, institutional resources, and an inflexible protocol.

Manejo del absceso diverticular / Management of the diverticular abscess

Introducción: el absceso diverticular (AD) es la complicación más común de la diverticulitis. Actualmente no hay consenso en definir su mejor estrategia terapéutica. Objetivos: describir las características clínicas de los pacientes con AD y su evolución según tamaño, ubicación y manejo. Material y Método: estudio descriptivo de pacientes con AD hospitalizados en el Hospital Militar, durante el período 2009-2012. Resultados: se hospitalizaron 22 pacientes con diagnóstico de AD, con edad promedio de 65.2 años, el 63% eran mujeres, y las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus e hipotiroidismo. Todos consultaron por dolor abdominal y se encontraban hemodinámicamente estables al ingreso. 15 casos eran AD pericolónicos: 7 AD = 3 cm con buena respuesta a tratamiento médico; 4 AD de 3-5 cm, en este grupo se instaló drenaje percutáneo (DPC) en 3 pacientes de los cuales 2 requirieron cirugía; 4 AD > 5 cm, sólo en un caso se realizó DPC y ningún paciente requirió cirugía. Siete casos eran AD pélvicos o retroperitoneales: 4 AD de 3-5 cm con respuesta favorable a manejo médico; 3 AD > 5 cm, sólo un caso se manejó con DPC y ninguno requirió cirugía. Se realizó una sigmoidectomía electiva sólo en 5 casos, los 15 pacientes restantes han evolucionado satisfactoriamente durante 15.73 meses de seguimiento. No hay mortalidad en esta serie. Conclusión: es factible el manejo conservador de AD > 5 cm de diámetro. No hay mayor recurrencia de diverticulitis en pacientes con AD, independiente del tamaño, ubicación y manejo inicial.

Background: diverticular Abscess (DA) is the most common complication of diverticulitis. Currently, there is no consensus on defining the best therapeutic strategy against it. Objectives: to describe the clinical characteristics of DA patients and their evolution according to size, location and management. Materials and Methods: descriptive study of DA patients hospitalized in Militar Hospital in the period 2009-2012. Results: 22 patients diagnosed with DA were hospitalized (mean age was 65.2, 63% being women). The most frequent comorbidities were high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and hipothyroidism. All the patients complained about abdominal pain and were hemodynamically stable when admitted. Fifteen cases were pericolonic DA: 7 DA = 3 cm responding well to medical treatment; 4 DS between 3-5 cm (in this group, percutaneous drainage (PCD) was applied to 3 patients, out of which 2 required surgery); 4 AD > 5 cm (in this group, PD was applied to only one patient and none required surgery). Elective sigmoidectomy was performed in only 5 cases; the other 15 patients have recovered satisfactorily during 15.73 months of follow-up. There is no mortality in this series. Conclusion: conservative management of DA > 5 cm in diameter is feasible. There is no considerable recurrence of diverticulitis in DA patients, despite the size, location and early management.

Efficacy and safety of non-operative management of blunt liver trauma.

BACKGROUND: The liver is the most frequently affected organ during blunt abdominal trauma. Blunt liver trauma management has changed in the last two decades with the introduction of the computed tomography (CT) scan and non-operative management of stable patients. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, efficacy, and failure rate of blunt liver trauma non-operative management as well as the risk factors associated with such treatment in a level 1 trauma center in Colombia. METHODS: We conducted an observational descriptive study on patients with blunt liver trauma who were admitted to a level 1 trauma center in Colombia. The evaluated outcomes were indications of immediate surgical treatment and the success of non-operative management. RESULTS: A total of 73 patients were studied. The most common mechanism of trauma continues to be motor vehicle crashes. In 14 patients (19.2%), immediate surgical intervention was necessary and we observed a Revised Trauma Score (RTS) above 7.8 and intra-abdominal injuries as risk factors. Three patients died (21.4%). Fifty-nine patients (80.8%) received non-operative management, which failed in seven patients (11.2%). Age, severity of liver injury, and intra-abdominal injuries were not risk factors in the failure of non-operative management. Mortality in the non-operative management group was 1.7%. CONCLUSION: Non-operative management is the treatment of choice for polytraumatized patients with blunt liver trauma who are hemodynamically stable. Non-operative management is an effective and safe treatment strategy. However, patients with an RTS score under 7.8 and other intra-abdominal non-liver injuries are at increased risk for an immediate surgical intervention.