Analysis of the Behaviour of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies in Children and Adults Convalescing From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 Infection.

The pandemic caused by SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people since 2020. There are clinical differences and in mortality between the adult and paediatric population. Recently, the immune response through the development of antibodies has gained relevance due to the risk of reinfection and vaccines' development. Objective: Was to compare the association of clinical history and the clinical presentation of the disease with the development of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in paediatric and adult patients with a history of positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study carried out in a Paediatric Hospital in Mexico City included patients under 18 years of age and health personnel with positive RT-PCR for COVID-19 comparing antibody expression. The development of specific IgG antibodies was measured, the presence of comorbidities, duration, and severity of symptoms was determined. Results: Sixty-one subjects (20 < 18 years and 41 > 18 years) were analysed. The median sample collection was 3 weeks. There were no differences in the expression of specific antibodies; no differences were shown according to the symptoms' severity. A positive correlation (r = 0.77) was demonstrated between the duration of symptoms and antibody levels. Conclusions: In conclusion, there is a clear association between the duration of the symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and the IgG units generated in paediatric and adult patients convalescing from COVID-19.

Assessment of physical activity intensity and duration in the paediatric population: evidence to support an a priori hypothesis and sample size in the agreement between subjective and objective methods.

We aimed to provide evidence for an a priori hypothesis and sample size for subjectively assessing physical activity intensity and duration in paediatric population, adopting objective methods as the reference. We searched electronic databases, reference lists and author databases. Correlation coefficients were pooled as an indicator of agreement estimates. We found 183 agreement analyses (94.5% based on correlation coefficients) from 89 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We identified four physical activity parameters addressing intensity and two parameters addressing duration. The physical activity parameters focusing on intensity were measured only by questionnaires, and the best correlation was achieved by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity compared with a heart rate monitor. In addition, total physical activity duration had a stronger correlation with an accelerometer when measured by diaries or logs than when measured by questionnaires. In both cases, the correlation was moderate. Studies with sample sizes between 50 and 99 subjects showed measurements that were stable in both magnitude and interpretation. Our findings suggest that the agreement between subjective and objective methods for assessing physical activity intensity and duration is weak to moderate. Furthermore, sample sizes ranging from 50 to 99 subjects provide stable agreement estimates between methods.

Increased incidence of anterior cruciate ligament revision surgery in paediatric verses adult population.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the anterior cruciate ligament graft failure rate in a population of 1376 patients submitted to single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction procedure. It was hypothesized that the younger the patient, the greater the chance of a new anterior cruciate ligament graft ligament injury. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients who had SB anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction between the years, 2001 and 2016, with a minimum post-operative follow-up period of 6 months. The patient population was divided into three groups, according to age: group 1-under 16 years old; group 2-between 16 and 18 years old; and group 3-older than 18 years old. Data collected included sex, laterality and graft choice data. RESULTS: In group 1 (under 16 years old), there were 61 primary ACL surgeries performed and 15 (24.6%) revision ACL surgeries. In group 2 (between 16 and 18 years old), there was 57 primary ACL procedures, of which 10 (17.5%) were revisions. In the group 3 (older than 18 years of age), 1258 surgeries were done with 116 (9.2%) revisions. CONCLUSION: The rate of ACL revision surgery in patients under 16 years of age was significantly higher than that found in patients older than 18 years old. When compared to the population between 16 and 18 years old, there were a higher number of failure cases, however, statistically non-significant. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

Función renal relativa normalizada por volumen en la gamagrafía con 99mTc-DMSA: estudio basado en una población pediátrica / Volume normalized relative renal function in 99mTc-DMSA scintigraphy: study in a paediatric population

Objetivo Evaluar las diferentes características diagnósticas de la función renal relativa (FRR) y de la función renal relativa normalizada por volumen renal relativo (FRRN), con el fin de analizar la posible mejora diagnóstica que implicaría su uso conjunto. Métodos Hemos estudiado con 99mTc-DMSA 952 unidades renales (riñones individuales), que pertenecían a 476 pacientes pediátricos (269 niñas) de edades comprendidas entre 0 y 11 años. De ellas, 355 unidades renales se consideraron patológicas a partir del análisis visual gammagráfico. Se determinaron los puntos de corte más apropiados para establecer los valores normales de las funciones FRR y FRRN, considerando como patrón de referencia al análisis visual gammagráfico. Se realizaron curvas ROC y se calculó el índice “J de Youden” y la exactitud para diferentes puntos de corte desde 42 por ciento hasta 50 por ciento, tanto para la FRR como para la FRRN. Se realizó también un análisis bayesiano (global y parcial clasificando las unidades renales por indicaciones clínicas) de la FRR y la FRRN. Resultados Para la FRR el mejor punto de corte fue 45 por ciento y para la FRRN fue 47 por ciento. El análisis bayesiano global mostró mejores resultados de los diferentes parámetros estadísticos para la FRRN. El análisis bayesiano parcial indicaba un importante incremento de la sensibilidad en pacientes con patología de dilatación de vía: de 10 por ciento (FRR) a 74.6 por ciento (FRRN); y con pielonefritis aguda: de 29.2 por ciento (FRR) a 66.2 por ciento (FRRN) mientras que en pacientes con nefropatías crónicas la sensibilidad fue similar (70.1 por ciento). Conclusión El cálculo de la FRRN (punto de corte 47 por ciento) proporciona información útil y complementaria a la FRR, ya que cuantifica la calidad relativa del riñón independientemente del volumen renal y refleja mejor los hallazgos gammagráficos.

Purpose To assess the different diagnostic features of relative renal function (RRF) and volume normalized relative renal function (NRRF) with the aim of analysing the possible diagnostic improvement that would imply their joint use. Methods We studied 952 kidneys with 99mTc-DMSA, belonging to 476 paediatric patients (269 girls) aged 0-11 years. 355 out of total were considered pathologic (visual analysis). The most appropriate cut-off points for establishing normality of RRF and NRRF were determined, considering as gold standard the visual scintigraphic analysis. R.O.C. curves were performed, J Youden index and accuracy were calculated for the different cut-off points from 42 percent to 50 percent for RRF and NRRF. A bayesian analysis (global and partial according to clinical indications) of RRF and NRRF was also performed. Results For RRF the better cut-off point was 45 percent and for NRRF 47 percent. The global bayesian analysis showed better values of the different statistical parameters for NRRF. Partial bayesian analysis indicated an important increment of sensitivity in patients with dilated pyelocalicial system: from 10 percent (RRF) to 74.6 percent (NRRF); and acute pyelonephritis: from 29.2 percent (RRF) to 66.2 percent (NRRF) while the sensitivity in patients with chronic nephropathy remained stable (70.1 percent). Conclusion NRRF calculation (cut-off 47 percent) provides useful and additional information to RRF, as it quantifies the relative quality of kidney tissue regardless of renal volume and better reflects better the scintigraphic findings.