The photo-based treatment technology simultaneously removes resistant bacteria and resistant genes from wastewater.

Because of the recent widespread usage of antibiotics, the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) were prevalent in the majority of habitats. Generally, the biological wastewater treatment processes used in wastewater treatment plants have a limited efficiencies of antibiotics resistant bacteria (ARB) disinfection and ARGs degradation and even promote the proliferation of ARGs. Problematically, ARB and ARGs in effluent pose potential risks if they are not further treated. Photocatalytic oxidation is considered a promising disinfection technology, where the photocatalytic process generates many free radicals that enhance the interaction between light and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for ARB elimination and subsequent degradation of ARGs. This review aims to illustrate the progress of photocatalytic oxidation technology for removing antibiotics resistant (AR) from wastewater in recent years. We discuss the sources and transfer of ARGs in wastewater. The overall removal efficiencies of ultraviolet radiation (UV)/chlorination, UV/ozone, UV/H2O2, and UV/sulfate-radical based system for ARB and ARGs, as well as the experimental parameters and removal mechanisms, are systematically discussed. The contribution of photocatalytic materials based on TiO2 and g-C3N4 to the inactivation of ARB and degradation of ARGs is highlighted, producing many free radicals to attack ARB and ARGs while effectively limiting the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in wastewater. Finally, based on the reviewed studies, future research directions are proposed to realize specific photocatalytic oxidation technology applications and overcome current challenges.

Structure-phase transformation of bismuth oxide to BiOCl/Bi24O31Cl10 shoulder-by-shoulder heterojunctions for efficient photocatalytic removal of antibiotic.

Developing heterojunction photocatalyst with well-matched interfaces and multiple charge transfer paths is vital to boost carrier separation efficiency for photocatalytic antibiotics removal, but still remains a great challenge. In present work, a new strategy of chloride anion intercalation in Bi2O3 via one-pot hydrothermal process is proposed. The as-prepared Ta-BiOCl/Bi24O31Cl10 (TBB) heterojunctions are featured with Ta-Bi24O31Cl10 and Ta-BiOCl lined shoulder-by-shouleder via semi-coherent interfaces. In this TBB heterojunctions, the well-matched semi-coherent interfaces and shoulder-by-shoulder structures provide fast electron transfer and multiple transfer paths, respectively, leading to enhanced visible light response and improved photogenerated charge separation. Meanwhile, a type-II heterojunction for photocharge separation has been obtained, in which photogenerated electrons are drove from the CB (conduction band) of Ta-Bi24O31Cl10 to the both of bilateral empty CB of Ta-BiOCl and gathered on the CB of Ta-BiOCl, while the photogenerated holes are left on the VB (valence band) of Ta-Bi24O31Cl10, effectively hindering the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Furthermore, the separated electrons can effectively activate dissolved oxygen for the generation of reactive oxygen species (·O2-). Such TBB heterojunctions exhibit remarkably superior photocatalytic degradation activity for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) solution to Bi2O3, Ta-BiOCl and Ta-Bi24O31Cl10. This work not only proposes a Ta-BiOCl/Bi24O31Cl10 shoulder-by-shoulder micro-ribbon architectures with semi-coherent interfaces and successive type-II heterojunction for highly efficient photocatalytic activity, but offers a new insight into the design of highly efficient heterojunction through phase-structure synergistic transformation strategy.

Protonated carbon nitride for rapid photocatalytic sterilization via synergistic oxidative damage and physical destruction.

Photocatalytic disinfection is an eco-friendly strategy for countering bacterial pollution in aquatic environments. Numerous strategies have been devised to facilitate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within photocatalysts, ultimately leading to the eradication of bacteria. However, the significance of the physical morphology of photocatalysts in the context of sterilization is frequently obscured, and the progress in the development of physical-chemical synergistic sterilization photocatalysts has been relatively limited. Herein, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is chemically protonated to expose more sharp edges. PL fluorescence and EIS results indicate that the protonation can accelerate photogenerated carrier separation and enhance ROS production. Meanwhile, the sharp edges on the protonated g-C3N4 facilitate the physical disruption of cell walls for further promoting oxidative damage. Protonated C3N4 demonstrated superior bactericidal performance than that of pristine g-C3N4, effectively eliminating Escherichia coli within 40 minutes under irradiation. This work highlights the significance of incorporating physical and chemical synergies in photocatalyst design to enhance the disinfection efficiency of photocatalysis.

Mn/S diatomic sites in C3N4 to enhance O2 activation for photocatalytic elimination of emerging pollutants.

Oxygen activation leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential for photocatalytic environmental remediation. The limited efficiency of O2 adsorption and reductive activation significantly limits the production of ROS when employing C3N4 for the degradation of emerging pollutants. Doping with metal single atoms may lead to unsatisfactory efficiency, due to the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Here, Mn and S single atoms were introduced into C3N4, resulting in the excellent photocatalytic performances. Mn/S-C3N4 achieved 100% removal of bisphenol A, with a rate constant 11 times that of pristine C3N4. According to the experimental results and theoretical simulations, S-atoms restrict holes, facilitating the photo-generated carriers' separation. Single-atom Mn acts as the O2 adsorption site, enhancing the adsorption and activation of O2, resulting the generation of ROS. This study presents a novel approach for developing highly effective photocatalysts that follows a new mechanism to eliminate organic pollutants from water.

ScSeI Monolayer for Photocatalytic Water Splitting.

We theoretically identify the ScSeI monolayer as a promising new 2D material for photocatalysis through first-principles calculations. The most notable feature is the significant difference in carrier mobility, with electron mobility in the horizontal direction being 20.66 times higher than hole mobility, minimizing electron-hole recombination. The ScSeI monolayer exhibits a bandgap of 2.51 eV, with the valence band maximum at -6.37 eV and the conduction band minimum at -3.86 eV, meeting the requirements for water splitting. Phosphorus doping lowers the Gibbs free energy by 1.63 eV, enhancing the catalytic activity. The ScSeI monolayer achieves a hydrogen production efficiency of 17%, surpassing the commercial threshold of 10% and shows excellent mechanical, thermal, and dynamic stability, indicating feasibility for experimental synthesis and practical application. Additionally, the monolayer maintains its photocatalytic properties under tensile strain (-6% to 6%) and in aqueous environments, reinforcing its potential as an effective photocatalyst. Based on these findings, we believe the ScSeI monolayer is a highly promising photocatalyst.

Standardization of Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis: Photocatalytic Applications (Immobilized with Chitosan Complex) with Textile Dyes and Antibacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus using Banana Pseudo stem.

The purpose of the study is to standardize the silver nanoparticle (BP-AgNPs) synthesis and its antibacterial activity and photocatalytic application with the selected dyes using the banana pseudo stem extract. "One-factor analysis (OFTA)" was carried out for the standardization of silver nanoparticle synthesis and nanoparticle-chitosan complex immobilization. The parameters were identified with plant quantity (20 g), silver nitrate concentration (1 mM), the ratio of plant extract and silver nitrate solution (2:8), pH (12), temperature (37°C), dispersed light conditions, shaking conditions (120 rpm), and time (6 h) were analysed. The photocatalytic decolorization efficiency of the standardized BP-AgNPs (immobilized with chitosan complex) has shown 96.92% for methylene blue (10 ppm) at 3 h and 97.55% for safranin (100 ppm) at 15 h. The antibacterial activity for the synthesised BP-AgNPs was determined. MIC value of the BP-AgNPs was determined to be 15.62 µg. mL-1 for S. aureus. The synthesised BP-AgNPs treated with 0.5x, 1x and 2x MIC concentration (x= 15.62 µg. mL-1) showed decreased viable counts of S. aureus (99.6% at 2x concentration having viable count of 22.6 x 102 CFU. mL-1) at 24 h incubation when compared with the control culture. The structural characteristics of the BP-AgNPs were identified as spherical with SEM and the size was identified as 12.19 ± 1.62nm with TEM and as 37.23 ± 17.89nm with XRD. The parameters such as FTIR, Zeta potential, EDS further supports the nanoparticle synthesis with banana pseudostem extract. The current result suggested that, the silver nanoparticles (BP-AgNPs) synthesized using the extract of the banana pseudo stem could be used as an alternative source for dye decolourization and antibacterial activities.

Inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in coconut juice by graphene-doped photocatalyst rGO/TiO2.

This research used the photocatalyst rGO/TiO2 prepared by hydrothermal method to inhibit the growth of these microorganisms in water and coconut juice. In coconut juice, the initial count of Salmonella typhimurium decreased from 3 × 105 CFU /mL to 6.3 × 104 CFU /mL, and the initial count of L. monocytogenes was reduced from 3 × 105 CFU/mL to 1.2 × 105 CFU/mL. Moreover, the chemical structure characterization rGO/TiO2 showed that the doping of rGO formed a compact composite, enhanced the transfer of photogenerated electrons, and improved the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2. The active substances ·OH and ·O2- produced by photocatalysis directly destroyed the integrity of bacteria cells, led to leakage of protein and DNA in the cells, and resulted in inactivation of the microorganisms, although Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes have different cell structures. These results would provide a good candidate photocatalyst to resist Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes and promote the development of photocatalysis applications.

A high-flux, photocatalytic wood-derived filter for high-efficiency water purification.

Wastewater purification has evolved into a global problem in the face of increasing scarcity of freshwater resources. Photocatalysis technology possesses prominent advantages in treating pollutants in water because of its low cost and mild reaction conditions, which provides an effective way to treat multiple pollutants and reduce membrane fouling. Herein, we combine photocatalysis technology with filtration technology via in situ reduction Bi0 with Bi2SiO5 strategy incorporating a carbonized wood filter to synthesize carbon/Bi2SiO5@Bi bi-functional composite. Thus, simultaneous filtration and photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B and tetracycline were achieved. After filtrating for 30 min, the degradation rate of RhB and TC were 94.23 % and 81.39 %, respectively. Especially, the flux of RhB and TC were up to 2162.16 L m-2 h-1 and 1811.32 L m-2 h-1. In addition, the composite filter also has good recyclability and reusability, after 5 cycles, the degradation efficiency of RhB remains at 91 %. This study utilized photocatalytic technology combined with membrane filtration technology to successfully solve the contradiction between catalytic efficiency and water flux, which realized rapid and dynamic removal of organic pollutants from water. Besides, the use of carbonized wood-based materials provides a potential biomass technology for the preparation of bifunctional photocatalytic filters.

A special coupling strategy: Cu2MoS4 as a large-sized co-catalyst for promoting photocatalytic hydrogen production performance.

The photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of semiconductor materials can be improved by co-catalyst modification. In most of the studies, the size of the co-catalyst is relatively small compared to the primary catalyst. However, in this study, we employed a novel strategy by synthesizing a relatively large-sized Cu2MoS4 as the co-catalyst and in situ loading smaller-sized Zn0.5Cd0.5S onto Cu2MoS4, verifying that Cu2MoS4 enhances the photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency of Zn0.5Cd0.5S. It can be observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that the lateral size of 2D Cu2MoS4 is at least 50 times larger than the Zn0.5Cd0.5S nanoparticle particle size. In addition, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations have demonstrated that the active site for hydrogen production in the composite is located in Cu2MoS4. The large-sized of Cu2MoS4 not only provides more active sites but also broadens the electron transport channel, which is conducive to promoting the transfer of photogenerated electrons from Zn0.5Cd0.5S. This work enriches the study of large-sized materials as co-catalyst and provides a strategy for the construction of composite catalysts.

Dipole field as charge-transfer bridge between Cu atomic clusters/PtCu alloy nanocubes and nitrogen-rich C3N5 for superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Utilizing spontaneous polarization field to harness charge transfer kinetics is a promising strategy to boost photocatalytic performance. Herein, a novel Cu atom clusters/PtCu alloy nanocubes coloaded on nitrogen-rich triazole-based C3N5 (PtCu-C3N5) with dipole field was constructed through facile photo-deposition and impregnation method. The dipole field-drive spontaneous polarization in C3N5 acts as a charge-transfer bridge to promote directional electron migration from C3N5 to Cu atom clusters/PtCu alloy. Through the synergistic effects between Cu atom clusters, PtCu alloy and dipole field in C3N5, the optimized Pt2Cu3-C3N5 achieved a record-high performance with H2 formation rate of 4090.4 µmol g-1 h-1 under visible light, about 154.4-fold increase compared with pristine C3N5 (26.5 µmol g-1 h-1). Moreover, the apparent quantum efficiency was up to 25.33 % at 320 nm, which is greatly superior than most previous related-works. The directional charge transfer mechanism was analyzed in detail through various characterizations and DFT calculations. This work offers a novel pathway to construct high-efficiency multi-metal photocatalysts for solar energy conversion.

A synergistic bioelectrochemical-photocatalytic system for efficient uranium removal and recovery.

Bioelectrochemical system (BES) is a promising technology for uranium recovery, which also enables simultaneous electricity generation. However, the bioelectrochemical recovery of uranium is hindered by its slow process due to the low reduction potential provided by microorganisms. Herein, we developed an innovative bioelectrochemical-photocatalytic system (BEPS) that combines the advantages of BES and photocatalysis, achieving enhanced uranium removal and recovery. The photogenerated electrons in BEPS possess a more negative reduction potential and stronger reduction capability than microbial electrons in BES, significantly accelerating uranium reduction and deposition on the electrode surface. Moreover, the electrons from the bioanode combine with photogenerated holes through the external circuit, effectively inhibiting the recombination of charge carriers. The BEPS significantly enhances uranium removal efficiency, kinetic, and electricity generation through a synergistic coupling mechanism between the bioanode and photocathode. Notably, the UO2 deposited on the electrode surface exhibited a recovery efficiency of 98.21 ± 1.37%, and the regenerated electrode sustained its photoelectric response and uranium removal capabilities. Our findings highlight the potential of the BEPS as an effective technology for uranium recovery and electricity generation.

Photocatalysis Inhibits the Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in an Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Community in Aquatic Environments.

Bacterial antibiotic resistance has recently attracted increasing amounts of attention. Here, an artificially antibiotic-resistant bacterial community (ARBC) combined with five different constructed antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) with single antibiotic resistance, namely, kanamycin (KAN), tetracycline (TET), cefotaxime (CTX), polymyxin B (PB), or gentamicin (GEM), was studied for the stress response to photocatalysis. With photocatalytic inactivation, the transfer and diffusion of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the ARBC decreased, and fewer multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) emerged in aquatic environments. After several days of photocatalytic inactivation or Luria broth cultivation, >90% ARB were transformed to antibiotic-susceptible bacteria by discarding ARGs. Bacteria with double antibiotic resistance were the dominant species (99%) of residual ARB. The changes in ARG abundance varied, decreasing for the GEM and TET resistance genes and increasing for the KAN resistance genes. The change in the antibiotic resistance level was consistent with the change in ARG abundance. Correspondingly, point mutations occurred for the KAN, CTX and PB resistance genes after photocatalytic inactivation, which might be the reason why these genes persisted longer in the studied ARBC. In summary, photocatalytic inactivation could reduce the abundance of some ARGs and inhibit the emergence of MDRB as well as block ARG transfer in the bacterial community in aquatic environments. This work highlights the advantages of long-term photocatalytic inactivation for controlling antibiotic resistance and facilitates a better understanding of bacterial communities in real aquatic environments.

Photocatalytic and antibacterial activity properties of Ti surface treated by femtosecond laser-a prospective solution to peri-implant disease.

Laser texturing seems to be a promising technique for reducing bacterial adhesion on titanium implant surfaces. This work aims to demonstrate the possibility of obtaining a functionally orientated surface of titanium implant elements with a specific architecture with specific bacteriological and photocatalytic properties. Femtosecond laser-generated surface structures, such as laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS, wrinkles), grooves, and spikes on titanium, have been characterised by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photocatalytic activity of the titanium surfaces produced was tested based on the degradation effect of methylene blue (MB). The correlation between the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 coatings and their morphology and structure has been analysed. Features related to the size, shape, and distribution of the roughness patterns were found to influence the adhesion of the bacterial strain on different surfaces. On the laser-structurised surface, the adhesion of Escherichia coli bacteria were reduced by 80% compared to an untreated reference surface.

Optimization of Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum extract for enhanced synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using response surface methodology and its potential exploration in biological application.

The study investigates the potential of Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum as a novel source for synthesizing nickel oxide nanoparticles (RH-NiONPs) and evaluates its biological applications. Phytochemicals in the algal extract serve as capping, reducing and stabilizing agent for nickel oxide nanoparticles. The process variables were optimized using BBD based RSM to obtain maximum RH-NiONPs. Characterization of RH-NiONPs using UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy reveals the plasmon resonance peak at 340 nm and the functional groups responsible for reduction and stabilization. XRD confirmed the crystalline nature while the stability and size of the RH-NiONPs were determined by DLS and zeta potential. Toxicity assessments demonstrated the effect of RH-NiONPs against Vigna radiata, Allium cepa and Artemia salina was low. RH-NiONPs revealed significant zone of inhibition against the selected bacteria and fungi. The results of larvicidal activity showed that RH-NiONPs are toxic to 4th instar larvae of Daphnis nerii. Also, RH-NiONPs efficiently decolorized Reactive Violet 13 (92%) under sunlight irradiation and the experimental data well fits to Langmuir isotherm along with pseudo second order kinetic model. The thermodynamic studies enunciate the exothermic and non-spontaneous photocatalytic decolorization of reactive violet 13. Thus, the current study assesses the eco-friendly and cost-effective nature of RH-NiONPs along with its biological applications.

Ultrathin Porous Carbon Nitride Anchored with Pt Nanoclusters for Synergistic Enhancement of Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Photocatalytic Polyester Reforming.

Photocatalytic reforming (PR) of polyester waste, fueled by renewable sources like solar energy, offers a sustainable method for producing clean H2 and valuable by-products under mild conditions. The design of high-performance photocatalyst plays a pivotal role in determining the efficacy of an alkaline polyester PR system, influencing H2 generation activity and selectivity. Here, ultrathin porous carbon nitride nanosheets (UP-CN) loaded with Pt nanoclusters (Pt NCs, average diameter of 1.7 nm) with uniform Pt NCs distribution are introduced. The resulting Pt NCs/UP-CN catalyst can accelerate charge and mass transfer while providing additional active sites, achieving superior H2 generation rates of 11.69 mmol gcat -1 h-1 and 2923 mmol gPt -1 h-1 under AM 1.5 light, which nine times higher than that of Pt nanoparticles-bulk graphitic carbon nitride composite (1.29 mmol gcat -1 h-1 and 258 mmol gPt -1 h-1) as counterpart. This performance also surpasses that of previously reported carbon nitride-based and TiO2-based photocatalysts. Moreover, the density functional theory calculations reveal a significant reduction in the energy barrier for the water dissociation step (H2O + * → *H + OH) at the interface between UP-CN and anchored Pt NCs, showcasing the synergistic effect between Pt NCs and UP-CN. This catalytic system also exhibits universality across various polyester plastics.

Recent Advances in Piezoelectric Coupled with Photocatalytic Reaction System: Synergistic Mechanism, Enhancement Factors, and Application.

The field of photocatalysis has demonstrated numerous advantages in the domains of environmental protection, energy, and materials science. However, conventional modification methods fail to simultaneously enhance carrier separation efficiency, redox capacity, and visible light absorption solely through light activation due to the intrinsic band structure limitations of photocatalysts. In addition to modification methods, the introduction of an external field, such as a piezoelectric field, can effectively address deficiencies in each step of the photocatalytic process and enhance the overall performance. The assistance of a piezoelectric field overcomes the limitations inherent in traditional photocatalytic systems. Hence, this review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in piezoelectric-assisted photocatalysis and thoroughly investigates the interaction between the alternating piezoelectric field and photocatalytic processes. Various ideas for synergistic enhancement of the piezoelectric and photocatalytic properties are also explored. This multifield catalytic system shows remarkable performance in stability, pollutant degradation, and energy conversion, distinguishing it from single catalytic systems. Finally, an in-depth analysis is conducted to address the challenges and prospects associated with piezoelectric photocatalysis technology.

Donor polarization engineering of conjugated microporous polymers to boost exciton dissociation for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline.

The misuse and inevitable release of antibiotics can cause significant harm to both human health and the environment, and the use of polymeric semiconductors for photodegradation of antibiotics in aqueous environments is one of the most effective strategies to alleviate the current dilemma. Nevertheless, the inherently high exciton binding energy (Eb) and low photogenerated carrier transfer efficiency for most photocatalysts results in unsatisfactory photodegradation performance. Hence, this work proposes a donor polarization strategy to regulate the exciton dissociation of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) by minimizing their Eb. Results exhibited that the introduction of the strong donor unit 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) not only reduces the Eb and effectively promotes exciton dissociation, but also broadens the visible light absorption of CMP. Among them, EdtTz-CMP with the lowest Eb (99 meV) delivered an efficiency of 94.6% in photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC) with in 90 min, significantly higher than those of its analogues. This work provides a viable approach to design CMPs by tuning the intrinsic dipole of the donor for efficient environmental purification.

Constructing a non-noble metal WC/CaIn2S4 Schottky heterojunction photocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic H2 production.

To take the pronounced issue of recombination among photogenerated electrons and holes in the photocatalytic reaction, we report a WC/CaIn2S4 Schottky heterojunction photocatalyst using a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method and applied it for the enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction in photocatalysis. A stable Schottky energy barrier can be formed by closely connecting the metal-like WC with the n-type semiconductor CaIn2S4, accelerating the migration of photogenerated carriers. Meanwhile, WC can lower the overpotential for hydrogen evolution, leading to a notable enhancement in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate. The hydrogen evolution rate of the optimal WC/CaIn2S4 Schottky heterojunction photocatalyst WCIS1:1 was approximately 2.3 times higher than that of Pt-loaded photocatalyst CIS+Pt. This study delves into the application significance of the Schottky heterojunction principle in the photocatalytic hydrogen production reaction. Furthermore, this study provides a novel approach to replacing noble metal Pt with metal-like WC in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Unlocking solar energy's potential: Dual photocatalytic activities of g-C3N4/Sb2S3 for hydrogen evolution and tetracycline degradation in sunlight.

This study focuses on developing a g-C3N4/Sb2S3 heterojunction photocatalyst with different g-C3N4 to Sb2S3 weight ratios (1:1, 1:3, and 3:1) for degrading tetracycline (TC) pollutants. The 1:3 ratio (13 GS) exhibited optimal photocatalytic performance, achieving 99% TC degradation under sunlight within 120 min, compared to 78.4% under visible light and 38% under UV light. The 13 GS catalyst demonstrated strong reusability, maintaining 80% degradation efficiency after six cycles. Scavenger experiments identified hydroxyl radicals as crucial for TC degradation, with DMSO reducing activity by 30%. The photocatalyst also showed high hydrogen production with an apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 19.8% under standard conditions, and improved AQE in acidic (23%) and basic (22.7%) conditions, and with CH3OH (23.2%). This g-C3N4/Sb2S3 heterojunction offers a promising solution for degrading toxic contaminants and has the potential for solar-powered applications.

Synergistically-mediated highly-efficient visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution activity using Ohmic/Schottky-type dual-junctions and sulfur vacancy.

Enabling highly-efficient multiplex-optimization photocatalysts is critical to overcome the bottlenecks of hydrogen evolution reaction efficiency and photostability. Herein, novel CoS/Sv-ZnIn2S4/MoS2 composites are successfully synthesized through an in situ technique. Taking advantage of the synergistic effect of sulfur vacancy, Schottky-type MoS2/Sv-ZnIn2S4 junction and Ohmic-type CoS/Sv-ZnIn2S4 junction, the light absorption, electron/hole separation efficiency, charge transfer rate and hydrogen reduction reaction dynamic can be significantly enhanced. As a result, an impressive photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 18.43 mmol g-1 h-1 is achieved under the visible-light irradiation. Furthermore, apparent quantum efficiencies of 72.14 % and 9.91 % are also achieved under 350 and 420 nm monochromatic light irradiation. This work presents an in situ perspective to design multiplex-optimization photocatalytic system for highly-efficient hydrogen production.