Psychometric Properties of Various Factorial Models of the ORTO-15 Tested With Brazilian Respondents.

The ORTO-15 is a commonly used screening instrument for symptoms of Orthorexia Nervosa (ON), an obsessive overconcern with healthy eating. However, its limitations have been evidenced in several published factorial models. We analyzed the psychometric properties of seven different ORTO-15 factorial models using data from Brazilian adult participants (n = 1455; 71.4% women; M age = 29.5, SD = 8.9 years) from the country's five macro-regions who answered online questions for sample characterization and completed the Portuguese version of the ORTO-15 containing 15 items. We tested the fit of each model separately, analyzing data for men and women with separate confirmatory factor analysis, and using the Weighted Least Squares Mean and Variance Adjusted estimation method and goodness-of-fit indices. We also calculated the average variance extracted and the alpha ordinal and omega coefficients to analyze the convergent validity and reliability of the factors. None of the models tested presented adequate properties of validity and reliability. Although we found some acceptable reliability coefficients, they do not guarantee the validity of the data. Future investigators should be cautious when choosing the ORTO-15 for ON screening.

Psychometric evaluation of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Functional Outcome of Sleep Questionnaire 10 (FOSQ-10) in patients with obstructive apnea.

OBJECTIVE: Perform the validation and psychometric evaluation of the Brazilian-Portuguese translation of the Functional Outcome of Sleep Questionnaire 10 (FOSQ10). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 182 patients (65 females 48.3±14.4 years and 117 males 46.9±12.4 years), were evaluated by sleep physicians suspected of having Obstructive Sleep Apnea, underwent polysomnography and completed the FOSQ-10 and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. APA & NCME, 2014 was used to validate the data as the American Educational Research Association recommended. RESULTS: Quality indicators such as Bartlett's test of sphericity (χ2 = 1108.2; gL=45; p= 0.000010) and KMO (0.83), and adherence measures, attest to the quality of the model. The indicators TLI (0.97), CFI (0.98), and RMSEA (0.04) fall within the expected values. Using the Eigenvalue > 1 technique, two factors explain 53% and 13.3% of the variances. In the Parallel Analysis technique, a single factor explained 59.4653% of the random variance, and the Unidimensionality indicators UniCo = 0.921, ECV = 0.822, and MIREAL = 0.253, were supported. Construct Validity: reliability coefficients Cronbach's α = 0.87, McDonald's ordinal Omega index 0.9, and the Composite Reliability 0.891 were satisfactory. CONVERGENT VALIDITY: There was a significant Spearman correlation between FOSQ-10 and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (r = 0.364 [-0.487; -0.226]). CRITERION VALIDITY: Was not possible to differentiate the groups based on the severity of AHI using FOSQ-10P. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian translation of FOSQ-10 is valid and reliable for identifying significant effects of excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Operational criteria application does not change clinicians' opinion on the diagnosis of mental disorder: a pre- and post-intervention validity study.

Objective: Our objective was to check if the ICD-10 operational criteria application changes non-operational, prototype-based diagnoses obtained in a real-life scenario. Methods: Psychiatry residents applied the diagnostic criteria of the ICD-10 as a "diagnostic test" to five outpatient patients they were already following who had a prototype-based diagnosis. Tests were used to ascertain whether changes in opinion were significant and if any of the diagnostic groups were more prone to change than others. The present paper is part of the study with UTN U1111-1260-1212. Results: Seventeen residents reviewed their last five case files, retrieving 85 diagnostic pairs of non-operational-based vs. operational-based diagnoses. The Stuart-Maxwell test did not indicate a significant opinion change (χ2 = 5.25, p = 0.39; power = 0.94) besides 30% of diagnostic changes. Despite not being statistically significant, 20.2% of all evaluations resulted in a change that would affect treatment choices. Using ICD-10 operational criteria slightly increased the number of observed diagnoses, but probably without clinical relevance. None of the non-operational diagnoses have a higher tendency to change with operational criteria application (χ2 = 11.6, p = 0.07). The female gender was associated with a higher diagnostic change tendency. Conclusion: Applying ICD-10 operational criteria as a diagnostic test does not induce a statistically significant diagnostic opinion change in residents and no diagnostic group seems more sensible to diagnostic change. Gender-related differences in diagnostic opinion changes might be evidence of sunk cost bias. Although not statistically significant, using operational criteria after diagnostic elaboration might help to deal with subjects without adequate treatment response.

Validación de cuestionarios para la medición de variables en salud: conceptos fundamentales / Validation of questionnaires for the measurement of health variables: fundamental concepts

Dentro de la práctica clínica, así como en la salud poblacional, es habitual utilizar cuestionarios que permiten evaluar condiciones o variables que no son directamente observables. No obstante, la construcción y validación de estos instrumentos o cuestionarios suele ser poco conocida. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es sintetizar de manera general el proceso de construcción y validación de estos cuestionarios, para así tener una mejor comprensión de este proceso, de los aspectos que se evalúan y de la mejor forma de utilizarlos. La validación de cuestionarios corresponde a un proceso de análisis de este, cuya finalidad es medir una variable latente o constructo, así como sus dimensiones, las que no pueden ser observadas directamente. Una variable latente puede ser inferida a través de un conjunto de atributos específicos que forman parte de ella, como los ítems de un cuestionario y que sí son observables. En este artículo se abordan de manera teórica los conceptos fundamentales de validación de cuestionarios o test, variables latentes o constructos, estudio de la confiabilidad y de la validez, así como los factores que afectan a estas dos últimas características, a través de una revisión narrativa. En el texto, se presentan ejemplos sobre estos conceptos.

In clinical practice and population health, it is common to use questionnaires to assess conditions or variables that are not directly observable. However, the construction and validation of these instruments or questionnaires are often poorly understood. This narrative review aims to summarize in a general way the process of construction and validation of these questionnaires in order to have a better understanding of this process, the aspects that are evaluated, and the best way to use them. The validation of questionnaires corresponds to a process of analysis of the questionnaire, aiming to measure a latent variable and its dimensions, which cannot be observed directly. A latent variable can be inferred through a set of specific attributes that are part of it, such as the items of a questionnaire, which are observable. Through a narrative review, this article addresses the fundamental concepts of questionnaire or test validation, latent variables or constructs, reliability and validity studies, and the factors that theoretically affect the latter two characteristics. Examples of these concepts are presented in the text.

Motives for Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire (MCCQ): validity and reliability of Turkish version.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study are to make the Turkish validity and reliability of the scale that explain why caffeine intake. Additionally, it is crucial to highlight that the adaptation of the scale involved a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate its structure and the need for this adaptation in the Turkish context. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out with a total of 200 university students, comprised of 93.5% female and 6.5% male participants, with a mean age of 21.74 ± 6.15 years who were actively studying in the faculties of the universities who accepted to participate voluntarily in the study were included. The Turkish version of the Motives for Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire (MCCQ) scale and the MCCQ was used as the data collection tools. To evaluate the statistical analysis findings, the margin of error was taken as 5%. The entire application was carried out with the R-project software. CFA was used to test the adaptation of the MCCQ scale from English to Turkish. RESULTS: The alpha internal consistency coefficient for the whole scale was calculated as 0.959. Just like the original scale, the Turkish version shows a six-factor structure: habit, alertness, mood, social, taste, and symptom management. In MCCQ-TR, it showed a low level of positive correlation with Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS). For the final scale with 23 items and 6 sub-dimensions, it was determined that the fit indices were at an acceptable level, and the internal consistency was highly reliable for all sub-dimensions and the total scale. CONCLUSIONS: It has been determined that the Turkish version of the MCCQ is a valid and reliable measurement tool to operationalize the motives of caffeine consumption and to reveal possible differences in the motives regarding gender, age, and the type of caffeinated products consumed. The use of CFA in adapting the scale ensures the robustness of the structural validity in the Turkish context, making this adaptation a valuable contribution to the field.

Validation of questionnaires for the measurement of health variables: Fundamental concepts. / Validación de cuestionarios para la medición de variables en salud: conceptos fundamentales.

In clinical practice and population health, it is common to use questionnaires to assess conditions or variables that are not directly observable. However, the construction and validation of these instruments or questionnaires are often poorly understood. This narrative review aims to summarize in a general way the process of construction and validation of these questionnaires in order to have a better understanding of this process, the aspects that are evaluated, and the best way to use them. The validation of questionnaires corresponds to a process of analysis of the questionnaire, aiming to measure a latent variable and its dimensions, which cannot be observed directly. A latent variable can be inferred through a set of specific attributes that are part of it, such as the items of a questionnaire, which are observable. Through a narrative review, this article addresses the fundamental concepts of questionnaire or test validation, latent variables or constructs, reliability and validity studies, and the factors that theoretically affect the latter two characteristics. Examples of these concepts are presented in the text.

Dentro de la práctica clínica, así como en la salud poblacional, es habitual utilizar cuestionarios que permiten evaluar condiciones o variables que no son directamente observables. No obstante, la construcción y validación de estos instrumentos o cuestionarios suele ser poco conocida. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es sintetizar de manera general el proceso de construcción y validación de estos cuestionarios, para así tener una mejor comprensión de este proceso, de los aspectos que se evalúan y de la mejor forma de utilizarlos. La validación de cuestionarios corresponde a un proceso de análisis de este, cuya finalidad es medir una variable latente o constructo, así como sus dimensiones, las que no pueden ser observadas directamente. Una variable latente puede ser inferida a través de un conjunto de atributos específicos que forman parte de ella, como los ítems de un cuestionario y que sí son observables. En este artículo se abordan de manera teórica los conceptos fundamentales de validación de cuestionarios o test, variables latentes o constructos, estudio de la confiabilidad y de la validez, así como los factores que afectan a estas dos últimas características, a través de una revisión narrativa. En el texto, se presentan ejemplos sobre estos conceptos.

Motives for Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire (MCCQ): validity and reliability of Turkish version

Objectives The aims of this study are to make the Turkish validity and reliability of the scale that explain why caffeine intake. Additionally, it is crucial to highlight that the adaptation of the scale involved a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate its structure and the need for this adaptation in the Turkish context. Materials and methods The study was carried out with a total of 200 university students, comprised of 93.5% female and 6.5% male participants, with a mean age of 21.74 ± 6.15 years who were actively studying in the faculties of the universities who accepted to participate voluntarily in the study were included. The Turkish version of the Motives for Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire (MCCQ) scale and the MCCQ was used as the data collection tools. To evaluate the statistical analysis findings, the margin of error was taken as 5%. The entire application was carried out with the R-project software. CFA was used to test the adaptation of the MCCQ scale from English to Turkish. Results The alpha internal consistency coefficient for the whole scale was calculated as 0.959. Just like the original scale, the Turkish version shows a six-factor structure: habit, alertness, mood, social, taste, and symptom management. In MCCQ-TR, it showed a low level of positive correlation with Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS). For the final scale with 23 items and 6 sub-dimensions, it was determined that the fit indices were at an acceptable level, and the internal consistency was highly reliable for all sub-dimensions and the total scale. Conclusions It has been determined that the Turkish version of the MCCQ is a valid and reliable measurement tool to operationalize the motives of caffeine consumption and to reveal possible differences in the motives regarding gender, age, and the type of caffeinated products consumed. The use of CFA in adapting the scale ensures the robustness of the structural validity in the Turkish context, making this adaptation a valuable contribution to the field. (AU)

[Properties of the CP-QOL-PCQ to measure health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in Argentina] / Propiedades del CP-QOL-PCQ para medir calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en niños, niñas y adolescentes con parálisis cerebral en Argentina.

Introduction: The impact of cerebral palsy (CP) on quality of life requires the incorporation of subjective assessments of health, functional status, and well-being. A specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measure for CP is the Australian CP-QOL questionnaire, whose version for caregivers (PCQ) was adapted in Argentina. This study aimed to achieve the final structure and evaluate the reliability and validity of the CP-QOL-PCQ for the Argentine child and adolescent population. Methods: 100 caregivers of people from 3 to 24 years old with a diagnosis of CP from Argentina participated. In addition to the CP-QOL-PCQ, the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire was applied. Analysis of response distributions of all items, inter-item correlations, and internal consistency of the scales were performed using Cronbach's alpha. The convergent validity of the instrument was tested through the correlation with scales of similar content from the KIDSCREEN and through a priori hypotheses in groups of different ages and functional impairment. Results: A final structure of the CP-QOL-PCQ was achieved with 8 multidimensional scales, with satisfactory inter-item correlations (>0.30) and internal consistency (>0.70). Moderate and high correlations (r>0.30) were obtained between similar dimensions of the CP-QOL-PCQ and the KIDSCREEN with similar concepts. Higher HRQoL scores were confirmed at a younger age and at a lower level of functional impairment (Cohen's d >0.20). Conclusion: This provides evidence of reliability and validity to be expected for a HRQoL measurement instrument that can be implemented in the Argentine child and adolescent population with CP.

Introducción: El impacto de la parálisis cerebral (PC) en la calidad de vida exige la incorporación de valoraciones subjetivas de la salud, el estado funcional y el bienestar. Una medida de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) específica para PC es el cuestionario australiano CP-QOL, cuya versión para cuidadores (PCQ) fue adaptada en Argentina. Este estudio se propuso lograr la estructura final y evaluar la fiabilidad y validez del CP-QOL-PCQ para población infantil y adolescente argentina. Métodos: Participaron 100 cuidadores de personas de 3 a 24 años con diagnóstico de PC de Argentina. Además del CP-QOL-PCQ se aplicó el cuestionario KIDSCREEN-27. Se realizaron análisis de distribuciones de respuesta de todos los ítems, correlaciones inter-ítems y consistencia interna de las escalas mediante el alfa de Cronbach. Se probó la validez convergente del instrumento mediante la correlación con escalas de similar contenido del KIDSCREEN y mediante hipótesis a priori en grupos de diferente edad y afectación de la funcionalidad. Resultados: Se logró una estructura final del CP-QOL-PCQ con 8 escalas multidimensionales, con satisfactorias correlaciones inter-ítems satisfactorias (>0.30) y consistencia interna (>0.70). Se obtuvieron correlaciones moderadas y altas (r>0.30) entre dimensiones similares del CP-QOL-PCQ y del KIDSCREEN con conceptos similares. Se confirmaron mayores puntuaciones de CVRS a menor edad y a menor nivel de afectación funcional (d de Cohen >0,20). Conclusión: Este trabajo aporta evidencias de fiabilidad y validez esperables para un instrumento de medición de la CVRS que puede ser implementado en población infantil y adolescente argentina con PC.

Validación de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Carol Ryff, en adultos mayores cubanos / Validation of Carol Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale in Cuban older adults

Introducción: El bienestar del adulto mayor constituye una prioridad del Sistema Sanitario, por lo que es necesario contar con instrumentos válidos y confiables para su evaluación. Objetivo: Validar la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Carol Ryff, en una muestra de adultos mayores con diagnóstico presuntivo de osteoartrosis de rodilla, de la provincia de Villa Clara, Cuba. Métodos: Se asumió el paradigma de investigación cuantitativo y un tipo de estudio instrumental. La selección muestral fue probabilística, conformada por 170 adultos mayores. Se aplicó el instrumento Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Carol Ryff (42 aspectos); para el procesamiento de la información se emplearon las pruebas estadísticas: coeficiente alpha de Cronbach y el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio. Resultados: Se determinó una estructura coherente de 5 factores: autoaceptación, propósito en la vida, dominio del entorno, autonomía y relaciones positivas con los demás. Se apreció una elevada consistencia interna de la escala global y sus dimensiones, así como adecuadas correlaciones entre los diversos aspectos. Conclusión: El instrumento posee adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y permite evaluar el constructo en esta población.

Introduction: the well-being of the elderly is a priority of the health system, that is why valid and reliable instruments are necessary for its evaluation. Objective: to validate the Carol Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale in a sample of older adults from Villa Clara province, Cuba with a presumptive diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. Methods: a quantitative and instrumental research was assumed. The sample selection was probabilistic, made up of 170 older adults with this condition. The Carol Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale was applied (42 items); statistical tests were used for information processing such as Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Exploratory Factor Analysis. Results: a coherent factorial structure of 5 factors was determined: self-acceptance, purpose in life, environmental mastery, autonomy, and positive relationships with others. A high internal consistency of the global scale and its dimensions were observed, as well as adequate inter-item correlations. Conclusion: the instrument has adequate psychometric properties and allows us to evaluate the construct in this population.

SPANISH VERSION OF THE ATTITUDE TOWARDS COVID-19 VACCINES SCALE: RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY ASSESSMENT.

Background and Purpose: The negative attitude towards vaccines for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has motivated the adaptation of instruments for this specific purpose. However, details of the reliability and validity of these scales are unknown. The study aimed to evaluate some indicators of the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the Attitude towards COVID-19 Vaccines Scale. Methods: A validation study was carried out with 1,136 students of emerging age (18 and 29 years) from a Colombian university; 65.5% were female. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega were calculated for reliability, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes for validity. Additionally, the gender differential item functioning (DIF) was estimated with Kendall's tau b. Results: The Spanish version of Attitude towards COVID-19 Vaccines Scale showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of .94 and McDonald's omega of .95), a one-dimensional structure with acceptable goodness-of-fit indicators (CFI = .94, TLI = .91, and SRMR = .04), and non-gender DIF (Kendall's tau b between .02 and .06). Conclusions: The Spanish version of the Attitude towards COVID-19 Vaccines Scale presents some appropriate reliability and validity indicators among university emerging adults. These findings should be explored in samples with other characteristics.

Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index (ECDI) in a Colombian Sample.

Electronic cigarettes had become a public health concern, generating the need of having standardized instruments to evaluate the consequences of their use. Objective: The goal of this study was to adapt and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index (ECDI) to a Colombian sample. Method: In this instrumental quantitative research, the instrument was adapted to the Spanish language, evaluated by expert judges and contested by 128 adult regular electronic cigarettes users. Results: The results suggest a single factor structure with reliable goodness of fit measures and values of internal consistency between acceptable and adequate. Conclusion: These results suggest the ECDI as a valid and reliable index to be used in Colombian samples.

El consumo de cigarrillo electrónico se ha convertido en un problema de salud publica, lo que ha generado la necesidad de contar con instrumentos estandarizados que evalúen las consecuencias de su uso. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue adaptar y evaluar las condiciones de validez y confiabilidad del Índice de Dependencia del Cigarrillo Electrónico (IDCE) en una muestra de adultos colombianos. Método: Se realizó una investigación de tipo cuantitativa instrumental, en la cual el instrumento fue adaptado al español, evaluado por jueces y aplicado a 128 consumidores de cigarrillo electrónico. Resultados: El análisis factorial confirmatorio muestra una estructura unifactorial, con adecuados índices de bondad de ajuste, que concuerda con la propuesta teórica, y se hallan valores de consistencia interna entre aceptables y adecuados. Conclusión: Los resultados permiten indicar que el índice de dependencia del cigarrillo electrónico es una escala válida y confiable para ser utilizada en adultos colombianos.

Validação do instrumento de cuidado do enfermeiro ao paciente crítico com cateter venoso central / Validation of the nurse's care instrument for the critical patient with a central venous catheter / Validación de un instrumento para la atención de enfermería a pacientes críticos con catéteres venosos centrales

Objetivo: Validar o conteúdo do instrumento de cuidado do enfermeiro ao paciente com cateter venoso central, internado na unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, conduzido em duas etapas: análise teórica por sete enfermeiros especialistas, dos itens do instrumento construído anteriormente e análise estatística a partir do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo e o coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach. Resultados: Após avaliação dos especialistas, o instrumento compôs- se por 36 itens e quatro domínios. Todos os itens apresentaram índice de validade de conteúdo superior a 0,78, com concordância de 0,85 a 1,00 nas avaliações. O índice de validade de conteúdo médio dos domínios e do instrumento foi maior que 0,90. Os itens dos domínios apresentaram consistência interna satisfatória. Conclusão: O instrumento de cuidado do enfermeiro apresentou conteúdo validado e confiável, sendo, portanto, seguro e de qualidade para cuidados com o paciente crítico com cateter venoso central.

Objective: To validate the content of the nurse's care instrument for patient with a central venous catheter in the intensive care unit. Methods: Quantitative study, conducted in two stages: theoretical analysis by seven specialist nurses of the instrument items previously developed and statistical analysis based on the Content Validity Index and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Results: After expert evaluation, the instrument consisted of 36 items and four domains. All items had a content validity index greater than 0.78, with an agreement between 0.85 and 1.00 in the evaluations. The mean content validity index of the domains and the instrument was greater than 0.90. The domain items showed satisfactory internal consistency. Conclusion: The nurse's care instrument presented validated and reliable content, being, therefore, safe and of quality for the care of critically ill patients with central venous catheters.

Objetivo: Validar el contenido del instrumento de atención de la enfermera al paciente con catéter venoso central, ingresado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, conducido en dos etapas: análisis teórico por parte de siete enfermeros especialistas, de los ítems del instrumento construido anteriormente y análisis estadístico a partir del Índice de Validez de Conteúdo y el coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach. Resultados: Tras la evaluación de los expertos, el instrumento quedó compuesto por 36 ítems y cuatro dominios. Todos los ítems tuvieron un índice de validez de contenido superior a 0,78, con un acuerdo entre 0,85 y 1,00 en las evaluaciones. El índice medio de validez de contenido de los dominios y del instrumento fue superior a 0,90. Los ítems de los dominios mostraron una consistencia interna satisfactoria. Conclusión: El instrumento de cuidado del enfermero presentó un contenido validado y fiable, siendo, además, seguro y de calidad para el cuidado del paciente crítico con catéter venoso central.

Validación y reproducibilidad intraevaluador de la escala CDQ para el diagnóstico de EPOC en Colombia / Validation and intrarater reliability of the CDQ scale for the diagnosis of COPD in Colombia

Introducción: la EPOC es altamente subdiagnosticada, por lo que aplicar escalas de predicción clínica como el COPD Diagnostic Questionnaire (CDQ) ayuda a abordar este problema. Sin embargo, se desconoce su rendimiento en nuestra población. Objetivo: evaluar la validez de criterio y reproducibilidad intraevaluador del CDQ en una población colombiana. Materiales y métodos: estudio de cohorte prospectivo. La reproducibilidad se valoró con el estadístico Kappa y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI). La validez se estableció con el puntaje obtenido del cuestionario CDQ y los valores espirométricos VEF1/CVF 16,5 y < 19,5 y probabilidad alta de EPOC CDQ ≥ 19,6. El ACOR fue de 0,68 (IC95%: 0,647-0,712) y se obtuvo una sensibilidad del 79% y una especificidad del 44% para un puntaje ≥ 16,5, con un VPP del 26% y un VPN del 86%. Conclusiones: el cuestionario CDQ tiene un rendimiento regular para el diagnóstico de la EPOC con una ACOR similar a otros cuestionarios, puede ser útil en pacientes subdiagnosticados y el punto de corte óptimo para esta población fue de 16,5.

Summary Background: COPD is highly underdiagnosed, thus applying clinical prediction scales such as the COPD Diagnostic Questionnaire (CDQ) helps to address this problem. Objective: To evaluate the criterion validity and intra-rater reproducibility of the questionnaire CDQ in a Colombian population. Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study. The reproducibility was assessed with the Kappa statistic and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Validity was established with the score obtained from the CDQ questionnaire and the spirometry values (FEV1/ FVC 16.5 and < 19.5, and high probability of CDQ COPD ≥ 19.6. The ACOR was 0.68 (95%CI: 0.647-0.712), a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 44% were obtained for a score ≥16.5, with a PPV of 26% and a NPV of 86%. Conclusions: The CDQ questionnaire has a regular performance for the diagnosis of COPD with an ACOR similar to other questionnaires, it can be useful in underdiagnosed patients. The optimal cut-off point for this population was 16.5.

Traducción y validez de la Escala de creencias sobre el uso de mascarillas para prevenir el contagio de la COVID-19 / Translation and validity of the Scale of beliefs about the use of masks to prevent the spread of COVID-19

RESUMEN Introducción: El uso de la mascarilla es indispensable para reducir la propagación de la COVID-19, pero, un porcentaje importante de personas se rehúsan a su uso. Es posible que las creencias jueguen un rol sustancial en la aceptación o rechazo de su uso. Sin embargo, se carece de una escala para evaluar las creencias sobre el uso de mascarillas para prevenir el contagio de la COVID-19. Objetivo: Traducir y determinar las evidencias de validez, de estructura interna y confiabilidad del autoinforme de creencias sobre el uso de las mascarillas. Métodos: El autoinforme de creencias sobre el uso de las mascarillas fue administrado a 1 218 personas de diferentes provincias del Perú (Medad = 27,4 años, DE = 12,6), elegidas de forma no probabilística. El instrumento fue sometido a un proceso de doble traducción del inglés al español y viceversa; además, mediante el programa Proyecto Jamovi versión 1.6, se determinó la estructura interna con análisis factorial (exploratorio y confirmatorio) y finalmente se estimó la confiabilidad. Resultados: El análisis factorial exploratorio identificó cuatro factores emergentes que explicaron el 53,7 % de la varianza. El modelo fue verificado y obtuvo índices de ajuste aceptables (χ² = 154 gl = 46; p < 0,01; CFI = 0,96; TLI = 0,942; RMSEA = 0,602). Además, se apreciaron cargas factoriales estandarizadas mayores a 0,30. Conclusión: La versión en español del autoinforme de creencias sobre el uso de las mascarillas muestra evidencias de validez, de estructura y confiabilidad por consistencia interna adecuadas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of a mask is essential to reduce the spread of COVID-19, however, a significant percentage of people refuse to use it. Beliefs may play an important role in accepting or rejecting their use. Objective: To translate and determine the evidence of validity of internal structure and reliability of the self-report of beliefs about the use of masks. Methods: The self-report of beliefs about the use of masks was administered to 1218 people from different provinces of Peru (M age = 27,4 years, SD = 12,6), chosen in a non-probabilistic way. The instrument was subjected to a process of double translation from English to Spanish and vice versa; In addition, using the Jamovi Project version 1.6 program, the internal structure was determined with factor analysis (exploratory and confirmatory), and finally reliability was estimated. Results: The exploratory factor analysis identified four emerging factors that explained 53.7% of the variance. The model was verified and obtained acceptable fit indices (χ² = 154 gl = 46; p < 0,01; CFI = 0,96; TLI = 0,942; RMSEA = 0,602). In addition, standardized factor loadings greater than 0,30 were observed. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the self-report of beliefs about the use of masks shows evidence of validity of structure and reliability due to adequate internal consistency.

Actividad física basada en dispositivos versus autorreporte en estudiantes universitarios uruguayos / Device-based monitoring in physical activity versus self-report in Uruguayan university students / Atividade física baseada em dispositivos versus atividade física autorreferida em estudantes universitários uruguaios

Resumen: Introducción: la medición precisa de la actividad física (AF) es clave para analizar su asociación con resultados de salud. Sin embargo, en Uruguay no existen estudios que comparen diferentes métodos para determinar la AF en adultos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la confiabilidad del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ) en estudiantes universitarios uruguayos y evaluar su validez concurrente en comparación con la AF basada en dispositivos. Método: 54 estudiantes universitarios de educación física completaron el IPAQ (versión larga) en dos ocasiones con 7 días de diferencia y utilizaron acelerómetros GeneActiv durante ese período. La confiabilidad se evaluó a través del Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase (ICC) y se utilizó el análisis de Bland-Altman para determinar la validez concurrente. Resultados: todos los dominios de AF mostraron niveles moderados de ICC. El transporte (ICC = 0,64), el tiempo libre (ICC = 0,58), y la AF total (ICC = 0,53) fueron los dominios con niveles moderados más altos. El total de minutos de AF evaluados a través del IPAQ en las dos ocasiones reportó un promedio de 773 minutos de diferencia (IC 95% 362,88-1.184,01). La diferencia de minutos de AF entre la evaluación con el IPAQ y con los acelerómetros es de 752 minutos (IC 95% 418,05-1.087.16). Conclusiones: el IPAQ sobreestima la AF respecto al acelerómetro en estudiantes universitarios uruguayos, sin embargo fue más confiable al considerar dominios de transporte y tiempo libre para los participantes que reportaron realizar un promedio menor a 400 minutos de AF semanal.

Summary: Introduction: precise measurement of physical activity (PA) is key to analyze its association with health results. However, there are no studies in Uruguay comparing the different methods to determine PA in adults. The study aims to analyze the reliability of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in Uruguayan university students and to assess its validity by comparing it to device-based monitoring PA. Method: 54 Physical Education university students completed the IPAQ (long version) on 2 occasions with a 7 day difference using GeneActive accelerometers during that period. Reliability was assessed with the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and the Bland-Altman analysis was used to determine concurrent validity. Results: all PA domains evidenced moderate ICC levels. Transport (ICC= 0.64), free time (ICC= 0.58) and total PA (ICC= 0.53) were the domains with the highest moderate levels. The total number of minutes of PA assessed by IPAQ reported an average of a 773 minutes difference (CI 95%: 362.88; 1184.01). Difference of PA in minutes, considering the assessment with the IPAQ and the accelerometers is 752 minutes (CI 95%: 418.05; 1087.16). Conclusions: the IPAQ overestimates the PA when compared to the accelerometer in Uruguayan university students. However, it was more reliable when considering the transport and free time domains for participants who reported an average physical activity under 400 minutes per week.

Resumo: Introdução: a mensuração precisa da atividade física (AF) é fundamental para analisar sua associação com desfechos de saúde. No entanto, no Uruguai não existem estudos que comparem diferentes métodos para determinar a AF em adultos. Objetivo: analisar a confiabilidade do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) em estudantes universitários uruguaios e avaliar sua validade concorrente em comparação com a AF baseada em dispositivos. Método: 54 estudantes universitários de Educação Física preencheram o IPAQ (versão longa) em 2 ocasiões com 7 dias de intervalo e usaram acelerômetros GeneActiv durante esse período. A confiabilidade foi avaliada por meio do Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC) e a análise de Bland-Altman foi utilizada para determinar a validade concorrente. Resultados: todos os domínios da AF apresentaram níveis moderados de ICC. Transporte (ICC = 0,64), tempo livre (ICC = 0,58) e AF total (ICC = 0,53) foram os domínios com os níveis moderados mais altos. O total de minutos de AF avaliados pelo IPAQ em ambas as ocasiões apresentou diferença média de 773 minutos (IC 95%: 362,88; 1184,01). A diferença em minutos de AF entre a avaliação com o IPAQ e com os acelerômetros é de 752 minutos (IC 95%: 418,05; 1087,16). Conclusões: o IPAQ superestima a AF em relação ao acelerômetro em universitários uruguaios, porém, foi mais confiável ao considerar os domínios transporte e tempo livre para participantes que relataram realizar em média menos de 400 minutos de AF por semana.

Intra-rater Kappa Accuracy of Prototype and ICD-10 Operational Criteria-Based Diagnoses for Mental Disorders: A Brief Report of a Cross-Sectional Study in an Outpatient Setting.

Background and Objectives: The use of "operational criteria" is a solution for low reliability, contrasting with a prototypical classification that is used in clinics. We aim to measure the reliability of prototypical and ICD-10 diagnoses. Methods: This is a retrospective study, with a convenience sample of subjects treated in a university clinic. Residents reviewed their diagnosis using ICD-10 criteria, and Cohen's kappa statistic was performed on operational and prototype diagnoses. Results: Three out of 30 residents participated, reviewing 146 subjects under their care. Diagnoses were grouped in eight classes: organic (diagnoses from F00 to F09), substance disorders (F10-F19), schizophrenia spectrum disorders (F20-F29), bipolar affective disorder (F30, F31, F34.0, F38.1), depression (F32, F33), anxiety-related disorders (F40-F49), personality disorders (F60-F69), and neurodevelopmental disorders (F70-F99). Overall, agreement was high [K = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.69-0.85], with a lower agreement related to personality disorders (K = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.38-0.76) and higher with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (K = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.82-0.99). Discussion: Use of ICD-10 criteria did not significantly increase the number of diagnoses. It changed few diagnoses, implying that operational criteria were irrelevant to clinical opinion. This suggests that reliability among interviewers is more related to information gathering than diagnostic definitions. Also, it suggests an incorporation of diagnostic criteria according to training, which then became part of the clinician's prototypes. Residents should be trained in the use of diagnostic categories, but presence/absence checking is not needed to achieve operational compatible diagnoses.

Estructura Factorial de la Escala de Competencia Parental Percibida: Version para padres (ECPP-p)

Introducción: Este estudio evalúa la dimensionalidad de la versión para padres de la Escala de Competencia Parental Percibida (ECPP-p). La muestra considera a padres (n = 227; M = 35.34, DE = 7.22) de Lima metropolitana. Método: El análisis estructural se realizó con el análisis factorial confirmatorio mediante el uso del estimador WLSMV acorde a la naturaleza ordinal de los ítems de la escala. Se confirmó la estructura original evaluada de cinco dimensiones correlacionadas: implicación escolar, dedicación personal, ocio compartido, asesoramiento y orientación y asunción rol de padre o madre. Resultados: Se obtuvo un ajuste adecuado al modelo de cinco factores, X 2 = 406.47, CFI =0.96, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.068. Los coeficientes de consistencia interna fueron adecuados para cada una de las dimensiones (( >0.80) ((α >0.70). Conclusión: Se concluye que la ECPP-p es un instrumento que presenta evidencias de estructura interna y confiabilidad en la muestra de estudio.

Background: This study examines the dimensionality of the parent version of the Scale of Sensed Parental Competencies (ECPP-p). The sample was composed of 227 parents (n = 227; M = 35.34, DE = 7.22) from Lima Metropolitan. Method: The structural analysis was conducted with confirmatory factor analysis using the estimator WLSMV according to the ordinal nature of the items on the scale. The original structure evaluated of five correlated dimensions: school involvement, personal dedication, shared leisure, counseling and guidance and assumption of the role of father or mother was confirmed. Results: An adequate fit was obtained to the model of five factors, X 2 = 406.47, CFI = .96, TLI =0.95, RMSEA =0.068. The internal consistency coefficients were adequate for each of the dimensions ((( >0.80) ((α >0.70). Conclusion: The ECPP-p is an instrument that presents evidence of internal structure and reliability in the study sample.

Relative validity and reproducibility of food frequency questionnaire for individuals on hemodialysis (NUGE-HD study).

INTRODUCTION: Adequate assessment of food intake is essential to establish the magnitude and direction of the relationship of food, nutrients, and bioactive compounds with clinical outcomes of individuals in hemodialysis. We evaluated the relative validity and reproducibility of a specific food frequency questionnaire for individuals on hemodialysis (FFQ-HD). METHODS: Eighty-two participants (57.3% male, 57.5 ± 14.4 years) from the open cohort Nutrition and Genetics in Hemodialysis Outcomes participated in this study. The relative validity of the FFQ-HD was assessed using the mean of two 24-h food recall (24hR) adjusted for within-subject variability as a reference method. We also performed Pearson correlations, and agreement between tertile, kappa statistics, and Bland-Altman scatter plots were validated. Reproducibility was assessed after 1 year using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). FINDINGS: Daily energy intake was not different between FFQ-HD and 24hR (mean difference of 50.1 kcal). Intake of protein, linolenic acid, fiber, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, and sugar showed a moderate correlation (r between 0.4 and 0.5) among instruments, while mean correlation coefficient was r = 0.38 to food group intake. Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement for micronutrients, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium and for the groups "flour, bread, and pasta" and "processed, canned meat, salts, and seasonings". The reproducibility of FFQ-HD for nutrients and food groups was satisfactory, reaching a maximum ICC of 0.72 and 0.59, respectively. DISCUSSION: The FFQ-HD showed moderate validity and reproducibility for calories, nutrients, and food groups of clinical and nutritional interest for HD subjects so that it can be a useful tool in epidemiological studies in this population.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Internal Consistency of the Suicidal Ideation Scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Among Colombian Adolescents.

The current study tested the one-dimensionality of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Suicidal Ideation (CES-D-SI) and its reliability among high school students in Santa Marta, Colombia. A total of 1,462 tenth and eleventh-grade students from public and private schools completed the CES-D-SI. The students were between 13 and 17 years (M = 16.0, SD = 0.8), 60.3% were female, and 55.3% were in the tenth grade. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted, and the chi-square, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) statistics were calculated. The internal consistency of the dimension was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. The results of the CFA were as follows: chi-square = 26.51, df =2, p = .001; RMSEA = .092; 90% confidence interval = .063-.124; CFI = .983; TLI = .950; and SRMR = .019. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .75, and McDonald's omega coefficient was .77. As conclusions, the scale exhibited a unidimensional structure similar to that in other studies and presented good reliability values. Hence, its use is recommended to screen suicidal ideation in school-aged adolescents in Santa Marta, Colombia.

Escala del modelo de creencias de salud en español para el cáncer y la autoexploración testicular / Spanish-language version of the health belief model scale for testicular cancer and testicular self-examination / Escala em espanhol do modelo de crenças em saúde para câncer e autoexame testicular

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y validar la escala del modelo de creencias de salud para el cáncer y autoexploración testicular (AT) en estudiantes universitarios en México y determinar las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y del modelo de creencias que influyen en efectuar la AT. Se realizó el proceso de traducción y retraducción de la cual se obtuvieron 72 ítems, que fueron revisados por expertos y se eligieron 39 ítems, los cuales fueron aplicados en un grupo de 30 estudiantes para revisar la comprensión y el tiempo de aplicación; por último, esta versión se aplicó en 803 estudiantes de una universidad pública. Se obtuvo una escala de 38 ítems divididos en 6 factores congruentes con el modelo de creencias de salud: susceptibilidad (α = 0,77), seriedad (α = 0,82), beneficios (α = 0,80), barreras (α = 0,83), autoeficacia (α = 0,88) y motivación para la salud (α = 0,71) que explican el 44% de la varianza y presentan una consistencia interna de adecuada a buena. La variable que más influye en la realización de la autoexploración testicular fue la autoeficacia. La versión en español de la escala del modelo de creencias de salud para el cáncer y la autoexploración testicular obtuvo evidencias de validez y confiabilidad en esta muestra de estudiantes universitarios.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to adapt and validate the health belief model scale for testicular cancer and testicular self-examination (TSE) in university students in Mexico and to determine the sociodemographic, clinical, and health belief model variables that influence TSE performance. Translation and back translation were conducted, and 72 items were obtained and reviewed by experts, following which 39 items were selected and applied to a group of 30 students to assess comprehension and application time. Finally, this version was applied to 803 students at a public university. A scale consisting of 38 items was obtained, and the items were divided across six factors consistent with the health belief model: susceptibility (α = 0.77), seriousness (α = 0.82), benefits (α = 0.80), barriers (α = 0.83), self-efficacy (α = 0.88), and health motivation (α = 0.71). These factors explain 44% of the variance and show an internal consistency ranging from acceptable to good. The variable that most strongly influenced the performance of testicular self-examination was self-efficacy. The Spanish-language version of the health belief model scale for testicular cancer and testicular self-examination yielded evidence of validity and reliability in this sample of university students.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar e validar a escala do modelo de crenças em saúde para o câncer e o autoexame testicular (AT) em estudantes universitários no México e determinar as variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e do modelo de crenças que influenciam a realização do AT. Realizou-se o processo de tradução e retrotradução, do qual foram obtidos 72 itens que foram revisados por especialistas. Posteriormente, foram escolhidos 39 itens que foram aplicados em um grupo de 30 estudantes para verificação da compreensão e do tempo de aplicação. Por último, esta versão foi aplicada a 803 alunos de uma universidade pública. Obteve-se uma escala de 38 itens, divididos em 6 fatores consistentes com o modelo de crenças em saúde: suscetibilidade (α = 0,77), seriedade (α = 0,82), benefícios (α = 0,80), barreiras (α = 0,83), autoeficácia (α = 0,88) e motivação para a saúde (α = 0,71), que explicam 44% da variância e apresentam consistência interna de adequada a boa. A variável que mais influenciou a realização do autoexame testicular foi a autoeficácia. A versão em espanhol da escala do modelo de crenças em saúde para câncer e autoexame testicular obteve evidências de validade e confiabilidade nesta amostra de estudantes universitários.