Science and Technology Ethics Governance, How to Put Ethics First? / 中国医学伦理学

Science and technology ethics governance, how to put ethics first? The purpose of "technological innovation, ethics first" is to build an ethical soft landing mechanism for scientific and technological innovation. Researchers of science and technology ethics should start from the practice of international and domestic science and technology ethics governance, and explore the realistic way of science and technology ethics governance on the basis of understanding and thinking about the innovative culture, value orientation and operation mechanism. First of all, it should be noted that seeking technical, management and institutional solutions in the current ethical governance of science and technology may not be perfect and thorough, but operable management measures can be explored and continuously improved under the framework of mainstream scientific and technological innovation. Secondly, the co-governance of science and technology ethics needs to further explore the corresponding group co-governance epistemology facing pluralistic co-governance. Finally, the ethical governance of science and technology should pay attention to the principle of proportionality, and avoid both lax and being too strict.

[Application of "major scientific issues and engineering technology difficulties in traditional Chinese medicine(2019-2021)" in national science and t echnology layout].

In order to judge the future development trend of science and technology, plan ahead and lay out the frontier technology fields and directions, China Association of Chinese Medicine(CACM) has launched consultation projects for collecting "major scienti-fic issues and engineering technology difficulties in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)" for the industry for three consecutive years since 2019. Up to now, 18 projects have been selected as major issues for research, and some experience and achievements have been made. These projects have been applied in important scientific and technological work such as scientific and technological planning and deployment at all levels of national, local, and scientific research institutions, the selection and cultivation of major national scientific and technological projects, and the construction of innovation bases, giving full play to the role of the think tank advisory committee of CACM. This study reviewed the selection of major issues for the first time, systematically combed its application in the national layout of science and technology, and put forward the existing problems and improvement suggestions, aiming to provide new ideas for further improving the selection of major issues and research direction, providing a theoretical basis and decision support for the national scientific and technological layout in the field of TCM, and promoting scientific and technological innovation to facilitate the high quality development of TCM.

Advances in artificial muscles: A brief literature and patent review.

Background: Artificial muscles are an active research area now. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed to evaluate the development of artificial muscles based on research papers and patents. A detailed overview of artificial muscles' scientific and technological innovation was presented from aspects of productive countries/regions, institutions, journals, researchers, highly cited papers, and emerging topics. Results: 1,743 papers and 1,925 patents were identified after retrieval in Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) and Derwent Innovations Index (DII). The results show that China, the United States, and Japan are leading in the scientific and technological innovation of artificial muscles. The University of Wollongong has the most publications and Spinks is the most productive author in artificial muscle research. Smart Materials and Structures is the journal most productive in this field. Materials science, mechanical and automation, and robotics are the three fields related to artificial muscles most. Types of artificial muscles like pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) and dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) are maturing. Shape memory alloy (SMA), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and other novel materials have shown promising applications in this field. Conclusion: Along with the development of new materials and processes, researchers are paying more attention to the performance improvement and cost reduction of artificial muscles.

Application of "major scientific issues and engineering technology difficulties in traditional Chinese medicine(2019-2021)" in national science and t echnology layout / 中国中药杂志

In order to judge the future development trend of science and technology, plan ahead and lay out the frontier technology fields and directions, China Association of Chinese Medicine(CACM) has launched consultation projects for collecting "major scienti-fic issues and engineering technology difficulties in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)" for the industry for three consecutive years since 2019. Up to now, 18 projects have been selected as major issues for research, and some experience and achievements have been made. These projects have been applied in important scientific and technological work such as scientific and technological planning and deployment at all levels of national, local, and scientific research institutions, the selection and cultivation of major national scientific and technological projects, and the construction of innovation bases, giving full play to the role of the think tank advisory committee of CACM. This study reviewed the selection of major issues for the first time, systematically combed its application in the national layout of science and technology, and put forward the existing problems and improvement suggestions, aiming to provide new ideas for further improving the selection of major issues and research direction, providing a theoretical basis and decision support for the national scientific and technological layout in the field of TCM, and promoting scientific and technological innovation to facilitate the high quality development of TCM.

Environmental Regulation, Scientific and Technological Innovation, and Industrial Structure Upgrading in the Yellow River Basin, China.

Industrial structure upgrading is an important prerequisite for achieving regional ecological environment protection and high-quality development, and environmental regulation can improve the capacity of scientific and technological innovation and promote industrial structure transformation and upgrading. Based on the panel data of 78 cities in the Yellow River Basin, the relationships among environmental regulation, scientific and technological innovation, and industrial structure upgrading in the Yellow River Basin were analyzed using the mediating effect model and the panel threshold model. The results showed the following findings: (1) Although both formal and informal environmental regulations can promote industrial structure upgrading in the Yellow River Basin, regional heterogeneity and temporal stage characteristics are observed. (2) Transmission mechanism test results show that formal and informal environmental regulations directly affect industrial structure upgrading and indirectly act on it through the level of scientific and technological innovation, showing a significant mediating effect. (3) Taking scientific and technological innovation as the threshold variable, formal environmental regulations have a corresponding relationship with industrial structure upgrading in the form of a broken line, and informal environmental regulations significantly promote industrial structure upgrading after scientific and technological innovation crosses a certain threshold. Finally, we discuss the article and make corresponding suggestions in terms of environmental regulation and technological innovation.

A Decade of Scientific and Technological Innovation at Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College: Retrospect and Prospect.

Focusing on the reform initiatives of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) in medical scientific and technological innovation from perspectives of deepening the reform and optimizing the ecosystem of science and technology innovation, this article summarizes the highlights of CAMS & PUMC's efforts in safeguarding people's health and promoting the Healthy China 2030 strategy through scientific and technological innovation in the fields including basic research, disease prevention and treatment, and medical technology in the past ten years. These achievements embody the endeavors and responsibility of CAMS & PUMC in realizing self-reliance and self-improvement of Chinese medical science and technology and highlight its contributions to the development of medical science and technology of China.

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Urban Green Total Factor Productivity and the Mechanism Test.

This paper employs the slack-based model directional distance function to measure the green total factor productivity of each city, using the panel data of 284 prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2019 and considering the unexpected output. The results are as follows: ① Foreign direct investment significantly suppresses the improvement of urban green total factor productivity, and the negative impact on the green technology progress index is the main reason to inhibit the increase of the green total factor productivity. The results are still significant through a series of robustness tests such as replacing variables and eliminating outliers; the positive intermediary effect of scientific and technological innovation exists, and the Sobel test and bootstrap random sampling test are passed. The upgrading of industrial structure has a positive regulating effect on the improvement of urban green total factor productivity. ② The impact of foreign direct investment on urban green total factor productivity has regional heterogeneity. The inhibitory effect of foreign direct investment on resource-based cities and non-coastal cities is greater than that on non-resource-based cities and coastal cities, and the negative impact on China-Europe train opening cities is greater than that on non-opening cities. Accordingly, the paper puts forward policy suggestions from the aspects of improving the quality of foreign direct investment and implementing differentiated management.

Spatio-temporal evolution and influencing factors of scientific and technological innovation level: A multidimensional proximity perspective.

Through a literature analysis, this study proposes that the difference between scientific innovation and technological innovation has been ignored in the current research on the level of scientific and technological innovation and its influencing factors. Combined with multidimensional proximity and knowledge type of current research, a theoretical induction has been carried on their corresponding relation with scientific innovation and technological innovation, research hypotheses were proposed the multidimensional proximity effect on the mode and degree of scientific innovation and technological innovation, five theoretical factors, which are the economic development level, regional economic structure, the level of opening to the outside world, science and technology input and education input, are proposed to affect the level of scientific innovation and technological innovation. In this study, the Yangtze River Delta region of China from 2001 to 2018 is selected as the research sample, and the two hypotheses proposed are tested through a mixed method of exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial panel econometric model. The main conclusions are as follows: i) As an exogenous variable, geographical proximity has a small impact on the level of scientific innovation, but a large impact on the level of technological innovation; ii) As endogenous variables, theoretical influencing factors may not play a significant role in the actual environment due to the complex influence of multidimensional proximity; iii) Based on the idea of improving multidimensional proximity and the actual situation of the region and the city, we can formulate policies conducive to improving the regional and urban innovation environment.

The Impact Relationships between Scientific and Technological Innovation, Industrial Structure Advancement and Carbon Footprints in China Based on the PVAR Model.

As one of the three major engines of economic growth in China, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration has become one of the regions with the highest energy consumption intensity. To investigate the dynamic relationships between scientific and technological innovation, industrial structure advancement and carbon footprints, panel data in BTH from 2006 to 2019 was selected, and a Panel Vector Auto-Regressive (PVAR) model was established to conduct an empirical study. The conclusions show that there is a causal relationship between the industrial structure advancement and carbon footprints, and the influence of each on the other is significant. The impact of scientific and technological innovation on carbon footprints has a "rebound effect". Scientific and technological innovation can accelerate the process of industrial structure advancement. Carbon footprints have a significant backward forcing effect on both industrial structure advancement and scientific and technological innovation, with impact coefficients of 0.0671 and 0.2120, respectively. Compared with scientific and technological innovation, the industrial structure advancement has a greater impact on carbon footprints, with a variance contribution of 25.4%. The research findings are conducive to providing policy support for the coordinated development of BTH and promoting the realization of the Double Carbon goal.

Talents and science-technology pave the way to precise management of chronic diseases——Reflection and endeavor from The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Chronic disease management is a challenging issue in China. To address the needs of talents and mature innovation ecosystem related to chronic disease management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University(FAH-SYSU) actively responds to the national strategy to promote the high-quality development of the hospital through strengthening strategic planning, top-level design, and systematic consideration. Precise management of chronic diseases was taken as key measure for the construction of a national medical center. With continuous exploration in establishing talent pool, innovation center and application platform, and chronic disease management system that focuses on core elements of talent and innovation, the FAH-SYSU Model for the precise management of chronic diseases has been initially formed.

Relationship and integrated development of low-carbon economy, food safety, and agricultural mechanization.

The organic integration of food security and agricultural mechanization has become a challenge to realize a low-carbon economy, which helps promote carbon peaking and carbon neutralization. In this work, a simultaneous equation model has developed to analyze the relationship between food security, agricultural automation, and agricultural carbon emissions in China. The ordinary least square method was used to verify the method. The logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition was used to decompose further the influencing factors of agricultural carbon emissions. Results show that the organic coupling of a low-carbon economy, food security, and agricultural mechanization positively affects environmental protection. In which, unit fertilizer usage and crop sown area have the greatest impact on carbon emission intensity, followed by agricultural diesel fuel and agricultural plastic film. It is worth noting that the bottom line of the grain sown area cannot be touched. It is a prerequisite for ensuring grain production. Finally, this paper presents suggestions based on China's achievements, where the top-level design is crucial.

Analysis on the output of pharmaceutical papers and highly cited papers in Double First-rate universities / 药学实践杂志

Objective To understand the current situation of pharmaceutical research development in China and provide a constructive thinking for universities to serve the national innovation strategy through the statistical analysis of pharmaceutical papers and highly cited papers from Double First-rate universities. Methods CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched for Chinese publications, and Scopus database was searched for English publications. Duplicates and non-research literatures were excluded. Excel 2016 software was used for statistical data analysis. Results By comparing the data from 2017 to 2019 with that from 2014 to 2016, it was found that the number of papers in Q1 area from international journals and Q2 area from domestic journals increased significantly. The popularity of publishing papers in international journals by university authors was increasing. The number of publications in domestic journals slightly decreased. From 2014 to 2020, 850 papers were published in domestic journals, among which 223 papers were highly cited, with a total cited times of 2 410 and an average cited times per publication of 10.81. Conclusion In spite of the government’s encouragement to publish the scientific and technological achievements in domestic journals, no such trend was formed from our analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to further build the corresponding academic ecology and enhance the international influence of domestic journals. The science and technology circles and technology publication circles in China should be deeply integrated to promote mutual development.

[Scientific and technological innovation and achievement transformation promote the medical development].

With the worldwide adoption of minimally invasive surgery, innovation again becomes the theme. In the past hundred years, molecular biology technology, minimally invasive surgery technology, pharmaceutical research and therapies have been constantly innovated to promote the development of medicine. As the subject of medical innovation, the innovative idea from medical staff is also very important. For surgeons, the invention and improvement of a new operation or surgical instrument directly depends on curiosity and exploration. Whether a novel idea or technology can be transformed and used in clinical practice depends on its commercial prospects and the adjustment of macro health policies. The protection of intellectual property and appropriate distribution of interests are the key to ensure sustainable innovation. We should put scientific and technological innovation and achievement transformation in the important position of the "healthy China" strategy, take scientific and technological innovation as the basis and achievements transformation as the means, promote the development of China's health protection, implement the healthy China strategy, and make our own contribution to provide people with all-round health services.

Role of international academic communication of pharmacology in scientific and technological innovation / 中国药理学通报

This article is to investigate the role of international academic communication of pharmacology in scientific and technological innovation. The object, the organization mode and the characteristics of international conferences of pharmacology, as well as their effects on pharmacology, were researched and analyzed. As shown in the text, international academic communication plays a key role in promoting scientific and technological development, such as pharmacological theory and technological creativity, new drug research and development, talents cultivation , etc. On the basis of the analysis, this paper suggests how to promote scientific and technological innovation, talents cultivation, and international discourse power through international academic exchange.

Study on scientific and technological innovation trend based on the analysis of patents in Beijing municipal hospitals / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To analyze the trend of scientific and technological innovation and propose strategies for development by study the general situation,distribution,dominant technology areas and protection conditions of patent applications from Beijing municipal hospitals during 2006-2015.Methods Collect basic patent information in 22 municipal hospitals to analyze the trend of scientific and technological innovation in municipal hospitals using technological development measurement method.Results A total number of 678 patent applications were filed from 22 hospitals from 2006 to 2015,shows patent applications increased a lot during the ten years.There are 390 valid patents among which medical devices,medical materials and preparation methods,enzyme or microbial testing methods are dominant areas of technological innovation.Conclusions The capacity of technological innovation develops rapidly in municipal hospitals.Research management departments should be more active in advancing technological innovation by strengthen patent management and promoting technology transfer.

Research model of scientific and technological innovation situation and tendency analysis: paradigm and applications / 中华医学图书情报杂志

Objective To study the research model of scientific and technological innovation situation from the angle of information research-assisted scientific decision-making in order to transform information service to knowledge service in research library. Methods The research model of scientific and technological innovation situation was proposed on the basis of multi-source data, multi-dimension evidence and multi-methods after the connotation of scientific and technological innovation situation was elaborated, innovative activity research and development were monitored, and the innovative body competition was assessed. Results The following experiences were summarized according to the service provided based on the model: comprehensive research on biosecurity innovation situation based on multi-source data and multi-dimension evidence, importance attached to the combined scientometric a-nalysis and thinking tank report analysis when the research of precision medicine was placed in a priority position, attention paid to the mining of situation in network analysis, stress laid on the prospective and different development strategies in competition situation research of stem cells. Conclusion The research model of scientific and technological innovation situation is a new model of scientific and technological innovation and can adapt to the changing information environment and the transformation of scientific and technological information needs to scientific and techno-logical information innovation needs. Comprehensive re-search ability and language expression ability should be improved, and cooperation model and regular communica-tion systems should be established in order to improve the value of consultation research in decision- making.

The complex characteristics of hospital scientific and technological innovation and management strategies for scientific research team / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Scientific and technological innovation plays an important role in hospital development.The process of Scientific and technological innovation in hospital is a Complex Adaptability System made up of the interactions of multi-agents in research team and also the interactions between agents and their environmental conditions.After analyzing the CAS characteristics of hospital scientific and technological innovation system,the paper put forward the management strategies for research team.For example,set up hospital scientific and technological innovation system based CAS theory,explore new research management model,construct open scientific and technological innovation platform,and optimize collaborative mechanism.

Some Thoughts on the Development of Scientific and Technological Innovation of Guangxi TCM Ethnic Medicine / 中国中医药信息杂志

To analyze and summarize the current status of scientific and technological innovation of Guangxi TCM ethnic medicine, including the preliminary achievement and the main problems, and put forward to strengthening top-level design, discussing and formulating Guangxi TCM Scientific and Technological Innovation Development Plan, implementing innovation-driven development strategy, establishing innovation-driven development of interactive mechanism to optimize allocation of resources, and learning from the latest experience of innovation-driven led TCM industry to realize spanning development of Tianjin and Buchang Pharmacy, with a purpose to speed up scientific and technological innovation of Guangxi TCM ethnic medicine.

Patents analysis-based scientific innovation ability in colleges and universities of traditional Chinese medicine / 中华医学图书情报杂志

Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medi-cine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine served as the study object in this study.Their published patent data were recorded and analyzed in terms of the number and types of patent applications, the number of validated patents, and the distribution of patent technologies using the patent information service platform on China Intellectual Property Right Net in order to understand their scientific research level, innovative ability, and scientific research trends.Certain suggestions were put forward for the solu-tion of existing problems and for working out strategies for the protection of intellectual property right.

O cenário da inovação tecnológica / The scenario of technological innovation

A inovação tecnológica tem um importante papel no cenário econômico mundial, pois a inserção de novas tecnologias proporciona maior poder de competição dentro do mercado econômico e conduz à disponibilização aos consumidores de produtos e ser- viços de maior qualidade. Geralmente, a inovação está atrelada à propriedade intelectual, haja vista que o conhecimento passível de proteção será transformado em produtos e processos inovadores. A inovação decorre da atuação de vários atores, envolvendo o setor público e o setor privado e, para incentivar a atuação conjunta desses setores, o Estado atua implementando políticas de incentivo à geração de propriedade intelectual e inovação. No setor público destaca-se a atuação dos Núcleos de Inovação tecnológica - NlT's das Instituições Científicas e Tecnológicas - ICT's na proteção do conhecimento gerado e disseminação da política de propriedade intelectual. Diante de necessidade de formação de parcerias que conduzissem a uma troca de conhecimentos entre os núcleos das ICT's mineiras e de disseminação da política de propriedade intelectual de forma mais abrangente, em Minas Gerais, foi criada a Rede Mineira de Propriedade Intelectual. Dessa forma, resta evidente a importância da propriedade intelectual no cenário da inovação, bem como conduzir a uma maior interação entre a universidade e as empresas, esta última, responsável por transformar o conhecimento em tecnologia e serviços para a sociedade.

Technological innovation plays an important role in the world economic scenario, since the insertion of new technologies provides more competition power inside the economic market and leads to the availability of higher quality products and services for consumers. In general, innovation is related to intellectual property, because the knowledge that can be protected will be transformed into innovatiue products and processes. lunovation is a result of many actions inuoluing the public and privare sectors. To strengthen this joint action, the government implements policies uihich encourage the generation of intellec- tual property and innooation. In the public sector, lhe Núcleos de Inovoação tecnolôgica (Technologicallnnouation Centers) - NIT's of the Instituições Científicas e Tecnológicas (Scientitic and Technological Institutions) -IC7"s have ioorked prominent/y to protect knowledge and disseminate the intellectual property policy. The Rede Mineira de Proprie- dade Intelectual (Intellectual Property Net of Minas Gerais) was created due to the need for partnerships uihich lead to an exchange of knowledge antong lhe centers of the NIT's of Minas Gerais and disseminare the intelectual property policy iu a filare comprehensive way. Theretore, it is necessary Ia point out the significance of intellectual property in lhe contexl ot innovation and pursue a higher interaction between universities and compa- nies, because companies are responsible to transform knowledge into technology and services for society.