The relevancy of massive health education in the Brazilian prison system: The course "health care for people deprived of freedom" and its impacts.

Introduction: Brazil has one of the largest prison populations globally, with over 682,000 imprisoned people. Prison health is a public health emergency as it presents increasingly aggravating disease rates, mainly sexually transmitted infections (STI). And this problem already affects both developed and developing nations. Therefore, when thinking about intervention strategies to improve this scenario in Brazil, the course "Health Care for People Deprived of Freedom" (ASPPL), aimed at prison health, was developed. This course was implemented in the Virtual Learning Environment of the Brazilian Health System (AVASUS). Given this context, this study analyzed the aspects associated with massive training through technological mediation and its impacts on prison health. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 8,118 ASPPL course participants. The data analyzed were collected from six sources, namely: (i) AVASUS, (ii) National Registry of Health Care Facilities (CNES), (iii) Brazilian Occupational Classification (CBO), (iv) National Prison Department (DEPEN); (v) Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE); and the (iv) Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH), through the Outpatient Information System of the Brazilian National Health System (SIA/SUS). A data processing pipeline was conducted using Python 3.8.9. Results: The ASPPL course had 8,118 participants distributed across the five Brazilian regions. The analysis of course evaluation by participants who completed it shows that 5,190 (63.93%) reported a significant level of satisfaction (arithmetic mean = 4.9, median = 5, and standard deviation = 0.35). The analysis revealed that 3,272 participants (40.31%) are health workers operating in distinct levels of care. The prison system epidemiological data shows an increase in syphilis diagnosis in correctional facilities. Conclusions: The course enabled the development of a massive training model for various health professionals at all care levels and regions of Brazil. This is particularly important in a country with a continental size and a large health workforce like Brazil. As a result, social and prison health impacts were observed.

É uma jornada sem fim: aprendendo a se tornar um facilitador nas práticas colaborativas na formação de professores de educação física / Es un trayecto sin fin: aprender a convertirse en facilitador de prácticas colaborativas en la formación de profesores de educación física / It is a never-ending journey: learning to become a facilitator in physical education teacher education collaborative practices

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a contribuição da reflexão colaborativa para os processos individuais e coletivos de aprender a se tornar um facilitador na formação de professores de Educação Física. O autoestudo colaborativo das práticas de formação de professores foi utilizado como metodologia. Os participantes foram três professoras universitárias do Brasil, Turquia e EUA. As reuniões do grupo, memórias dos indivíduos, notas de campo e diários reflexivos foram fontes de dados. Os dados foram analisados de forma colaborativa por meio de constante análise comparativa de conteúdo. Os resultados foram organizados em dois temas: (a) Desafios e oportunidades para se tornar facilitador; (b) Autoestudo: o surgimento de novos insights; os quais representaram seus caminhos para formação de facilitadores em programas de formação de professores. Esse processo de autoestudo desafiou a compreensão do processo de se tornar um facilitador e demonstrou que esse processo é uma jornada sem fim em que as carreiras dos professores são continuamente moldadas e redefinidas. (AU)

El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la contribución de la reflexión colaborativa a los procesos individuales y colectivos de aprendizaje para convertirse en un facilitador en la formación de profesores de Educación Física. Se utilizó como metodología el autoestudio colaborativo de prácticas de formación docente. Los participantes fueron tres profesores universitarios de Brasil, Turquía y Estados Unidos. Las reuniones de grupo, memoria de los sujetos, las notas de campo y los diarios reflexivos fueron fuentes de datos. Los datos se analizaron de forma colaborativa a través de constantes análisis comparativos de contenido. Los resultados se organizaron en dos temas: (a) Desafíos y oportunidades para convertirse en facilitador; (b) Autoaprendizaje: el surgimiento de nuevos conocimientos; los cuales representaban sus caminos para la formación de facilitadores en programas de formación docente. Este proceso de autoaprendizaje desafió la comprensión del proceso de convertirse en facilitador y demostró que este proceso es un viaje interminable en el que las carreras de los docentes se moldean y redefinen continuamente. (AU)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the contribution of collaborative reflection to individual and collective processes of learning how to become a facilitator in Physical Education teacher education (PETE). Collaborative self-study of teacher education practices (S-STEP) was used as methodology. Participants were three teacher educators from Brazil, Turkey, and the USA. Group meetings, individuals' memory work, field notes, and reflective journals were the data sources. Data were collaboratively analyzed by using constant comparative content analysis. Results were organized in two themes: (a) Challenges and opportunities to become facilitators; (b) Self-study: the rise of new insights; which represented their pathways to become facilitators in PETE programs. This self-study process challenged the understanding of the process of becoming a facilitator and demonstrated that this process is a never-ending journey in which teacher educators' careers are continuously shaped and redefined. (AU)

Da produção local à cooperação internacional em saúde mental: construção de redes de cuidado e aprendizagem entre Brasil e Itália / From local production to international mental healthcare cooperation: building care and learning networks between Brazil and Italy / De la producción local a la cooperación internacional en salud mental: construcción de redes de cuidado y aprendizaje entre Brasil e Italia

Desafios da cooperação internacional em saúde mental abarcam a superação de propostas colonizadoras por meio de práticas horizontais e localmente situadas. O conceito decolonial do terceiro espaço fomenta a construção de entendimentos híbridos, aprendizagens situadas e transformações recíprocas entre países. Buscamos relatar uma experiência de cooperação internacional entre Brasil e Itália, no âmbito da saúde mental, decorrente de uma pesquisa qualitativa, colaborativa e etnográfica, por meio de uma comunidade virtual de prática. Interações entre gestores, profissionais, usuários, familiares e membros da comunidade, brasileiros e italianos, foram analisadas no software NVIVO e explicitaram imaginários, contradições e potências do cuidado em saúde mental nas duas localidades. As transformações ocorridas nas trocas possibilitaram des/re/fazer identidades cristalizadas sobre o outro país, identificar singularidades e similaridades, assim como criar e reafirmar caminhos que valorizem os princípios da reforma psiquiátrica.(AU)

The challenges faced in international mental healthcare cooperation include overcoming colonizing proposals through situated and horizontal practices. The Third Space Theory's decolonial concept fosters the construction of hybrid notions, situated learning, and mutual transformations between countries. The objective was to report an international mental healthcare cooperation experience between Brazil and Italy through a qualitative, cooperative, and ethnographic research of a virtual community of practice. Interactions among Brazilian and Italian managers, professionals, users, family members, and community members were analyzed on NVivo, resulting in imageries, contradictions, and powers of mental healthcare in both countries. The transformations that occurred in the exchanges enabled to build, rebuild, and break rooted identities about the other country; identify singularities and similarities; and create and reaffirm paths that value the psychiatric reform's principles.(AU)

Los desafíos de la cooperación internacional en salud mental abarcan la superación de propuestas colonizadoras por medio de prácticas horizontales y localmente situadas. El concepto decolonial del tercer espacio fomenta la construcción de entendimientos híbridos, aprendizajes situados y transformaciones recíprocas entre países. Buscamos relatar una experiencia de cooperación internacional entre Brasil e Italia en el ámbito de la salud mental, proveniente de un estudio cualitativo, colaborativo y etnográfico, por medio de una comunidad virtual de práctica. Se analizaron interacciones entre gestores, profesionales, usuarios, familiares y miembros de la comunidad, brasileños e italianos, en el software NVIVO y se explicitaron imaginarios, contradicciones y potencias del cuidado en salud mental en las dos localidades. Las transformaciones ocurridas en los intercambios posibilitaron des/re/hacer identidades cristalizadas sobre el otro país, identificar singularidades y semejanzas, así como crear y reafirmar caminos que valoricen los principios de la reforma psiquiátrica.(AU)

¿Dónde Ocurre el Aprendizaje? / Where Learning Happens?

Sobre la base de los planteamientos básicos del aprendizaje situado, este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio que explora los escenarios donde los escolares de secundaria buscan información o adquieren ciertos conocimientos específicos. Metodológicamente, el estudio aplicó el enfoque de Teoría de Facetas para identificar las variables involucradas en las conexiones posibles entre escenarios y contenidos de aprendizaje. 298 estudiantes de secundaria (135 hombres y 163 mujeres) respondieron un cuestionario sobre la frecuencia de búsqueda de cierto tipo de contenidos en ciertos escenarios. Los resultados confirmaron la faceta construida para los escenarios y reconfiguraron la faceta de contenidos en una polaridad. A partir de estos resultados, se elaboraron conclusiones respecto al alcance de los planteamientos del aprendizaje situado y se formularon interrogantes para futuros estudios que exploren el papel que juegan los nuevos escenarios de aprendizaje en la formación de los estudiantes.

Under the basic principles of situated learning, this paper presents the results of a study that explores about the scenarios where information is looked up or certain specific knowledge is acquired by high school students. Methodologically, the study applied Facet Theory to identify the variables involved in the possible connections between scenarios and learning contents. A total of 298 high school students (135 males and 163 females) answered a questionnaire about the frequency with which certain contents are looked up in certain scenarios, such as: the school, the city, home and the web. The results confirm the scenarios' facet and restructure the contents' facet in terms of a polarity. Some conclusions about the extension of situated learning principles were made and questions for future studies that explore the role of new learning scenarios in students' education were asked.

Aproximación a la educación artística en la escuela: an overview / Artistic education in school

En este trabajo nos proponemos reflexionar sobre el impacto de lo artístico-estético en la estructura del conocimiento en relación al eje aprendizaje-cognición. Resulta fundamental que la escuela propicie el desarrollo del pensamiento creativo y reconocemos en la experiencia artística una base importante para potenciarlo. Los diferentes lenguajes artísticos (visual/corporal/ musical/teatral) constituyen sistemas simbólicos culturales que promueven posibilidades de expresión y comunicación. Desde nuestra investigación¹, hemos documentado situaciones donde dichos lenguajes tienen lugar; analizando el sentido de las actividades que allí se entrama y organiza. En este trabajo se incluyen los desarrollos teóricos que amplían el concepto de educación, entendiendo el aprendizaje y la expresión como fenómenos dinámicos simultáneos. El objetivo es que estas reflexiones puedan constituir un aporte más para pensar la importancia del lugar de las artes en la escuela y del acceso a la experiencia estético- expresiva como derecho universal y factor fundamental del desarrollo humano.

In this work we reflect on the impact of the artistic-aesthetic issue on knowledge structure, analyzing it from a learning-cognition approach. It is of great importance that school favours creative thinking development, and we recognize in the artistic experience an important platform to enhance it. The different artistic languages (visual arts, music, theatre, body languages) constitute cultural symbolic systems that promote expression and communication possibilities. In our research², we are documenting situations where these languages have place, and analyzing the meaning that is weaved and organized throughout the different activities. In this work we include different theoretical developments that widen the concept of education, understanding learning and expression as dynamic and simultaneous phenomena. We intend these reflections to contribute in the thinking over the importance of art's place in school, and over the access to the aesthetic-expressive experience as a universal right and a fundamental factor of human development.

El arte de crear nuevos sentidos para la experiencia escolar / The art of giving new meanings to the academic experience

En este artículo, proponemos reflexionar sobre el papel del arte en la escuela, en especial en experiencias educativas recientes¹ que se han generado para retener, auxiliar, posibilitar, aprendizajes alternativos a aquellos niños que han quedado excluidos de algunos tramos de su trayectoria escolar. El objetivo es que esta reflexión, pueda aportar "un paso" más en el camino hacia la inclusión educativa. Se plantea la necesidad de incluir al arte como una de las dimensiones centrales para una experiencia educativa enriquecedora y de recuperar una perspectiva situacional, desde la cual se analicen y redefinan los procesos de aprendizaje. Las actividades artísticas podrían contribuir con la trayectoria de muchos chicos en tanto favorezcan la experiencia estético-expresiva, tomando en cuenta la creatividad, las potencialidades, los procesos, la diversidad de recorridos. Utilizaremos referencias teóricas, registros de observaciones y entrevistas que se han tomado en escuelas públicas de la CBA, desde un enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo.

In this article, we propose reflecting on the role of the arts inside schools, especially in recent educational experiences² that have been generated to retain, support and facilitate alternative learning to children that have been excluded from some education phases throughout their academic track. The objective is that these reflections take one step forward towards the path of educational inclusion. The need has been brought up to consider including Arts as one of the central dimensions for a rich educational experience and to recover and understand the situational perspective of students, from which learning processes can be analyzed and redefined. The artistic activities could contribute to the academic track of many students as long as they consider the aesthetic-expressive experience, acknowledging the creativity, potential, processes and diverse forms of paths taken. We shall use theoretical references, registered observations and interviews that have taken place in public schools in the City of Buenos Aires, from a qualitative and descriptive standpoint.