ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm (uMCAA) has traditionally been treated with open surgical clipping (SC). Endovascular treatments (EVTs) were designed to reduce surgical risks in these cases. Nevertheless, despite its potential benefits, many surgeons favor SC for uMCAA. This updated meta-analysis aimed to compare the safety, efficacy, and clinical outcomes of SC and EVT for uMCAA. METHODS: The authors searched the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases according to the Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies included those with ≥ 4 patients with uMCAA reporting comparative data of SC and EVT. The endpoints were the complete occlusion rate (Raymond class I and II), good clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score ≤ 2 or Glasgow Outcome Scale score ≥ 4), procedure-related complications (further divided into major and minor), and mortality. The authors pooled OR with 95% CI values with a random-effects model. I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity, and sensitivity analysis was conducted to address high heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plot analysis and the Egger's test. RESULTS: The analysis included data from 10 studies. Regarding the complete occlusion assessment, the comparative analysis revealed OR 0.17 (95% CI 0.08-0.40, p < 0.01), favoring SC. In terms of achieving good clinical outcomes, OR 0.44 (95% CI 0.20-0.97, p < 0.05) was determined, favoring SC. No differences regarding total procedure-related complications, major complications, or mortality were identified. However, a higher likelihood of minor complications was identified for EVT, with OR 4.68 (95% CI 2.01-10.92, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis identified a lower likelihood of complete occlusion at last follow-up and lower likelihood of good clinical outcomes in patients treated with EVT when compared with SC. Furthermore, a higher likelihood of minor complications was identified in patients who underwent EVT when compared with SC. The findings reinforce that, based on the currently available data, SC should be considered the primary approach for treating uMCAA. However, EVT is an evolving approach, and this study's findings represent a synthesis of observational studies. Randomized trials are warranted to elucidate which approach should be the mainstay for uMCAA and to identify the nuances that determine whether SC or EVT is more or less indicated for addressing uMCAA with consideration of the individuality of each patient and aneurysm.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms arise from the internal carotid artery between the distal dural ring and the origin of the posterior communicating artery. The surgical treatment of these aneurysms usually requires anterior clinoidectomy. However, this procedure is not without complications. In the present report, we have described optic nerve mobilization after optic foraminotomy as an alternative to anterior clinoidectomy to clip superior carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms. METHODS: We have reported the cases of 3 patients with superior carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms who had undergone surgical clipping. Instead of an anterior clinoidectomy, the optic nerve was mobilized after performing optic foraminotomy. The optic canal was carefully unroofed with a 3-mm, high-speed, diamond drill under constant cold saline irrigation to avoid thermal damage to the optic nerve. After incision of the falciform ligament and optic sheath, the optic nerve was gently mobilized with a No. 6 Penfield dissector, facilitating aneurysmal neck exposure and clipping through a widened opticocarotid triangle. RESULTS: The postoperative course was uneventful for all 3 patients, without any added visual defect. Optic nerve mobilization allowed us to safely widen the opticocarotid triangle and dissect the aneurysm off the optic nerve, without the need for clinoidectomy. This alternative technique permitted, not only early decompression of the optic nerve, but also dissection of the arachnoid between the inferior surface of the optic nerve and the superior surface of the ophthalmic-carotid artery and aneurysm dome. CONCLUSIONS: Optic nerve mobilization after optic foraminotomy proved to be a safe and relatively easy technique for exposing and treating superior carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms.
Subject(s)
Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Carotid Artery, Internal/surgery , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery , Neurosurgical Procedures/methods , Ophthalmic Artery/surgery , Optic Nerve/surgery , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Surgical InstrumentsABSTRACT
Introducción: Las complicaciones postoperatorias secundarias al compromiso inadvertido de una arteria normal durante el clipado de aneurismas son situaciones que pueden resultar catastróficas tanto para el paciente como para el neurocirujano tratante. El terreno de la neurocirugía vascular continúa siendo un desafío para la neuroendoscopia, sin embargo, al momento de realizar el control del clipado puede llegar a ser un elemento sumamente útil para evitar dichas complicaciones. Objetivos: El Objetivo del Trabajo es la presentación de un clipado de aneurisma coroideo anterior asistido mediante endoscopia. Materiales y métodos: Paciente femenina de 23 años que presenta hemorragia subaracnoidea (Fisher 2 y Hunt-Hess 2) secundaria a rotura de aneurisma comunicante anterior (ACA). En angiografía digital cerebral se evidencia a su vez aneurisma coroideo anterior derecho (ACoA). Mediante abordaje pterional derecho se realiza clipado microquirúrgico de ambos aneurismas. Para realizar revisión del clip en ACoA se utiliza endoscopio rígido de base de cráneo (0° y 45°). Se evidencia compromiso de arteria coroidea anterior por lo cual se realiza recolocación del mismo mediante guía endoscópica. Resultados: Se realizó clipado microquirúrgico asistido por endoscopia de ACA y ACoA. La paciente curso postoperatorio con vasoespasmo prolongado y tercer par derecho incompleto (ptosis y midriasis). Actualmente persiste solo la midriasis, resto del examen neurológico sin particularidades. Conclusión: El uso del endoscopio para control y asistencia durante el clipado microquirúrgico es una herramienta sumamente útil que permite realizar una revisión cercana y adecuada de la posición del clip.
Background: Surgical complications secondary to undetected clipping of a main or perforator artery next to an aneurysm can lead to a catastrophic event for both the patient and vascular neurosurgeon. Neuro-endoscopy is difficult during vascular neurosurgery; however, for surgeons desiring a multi-modality check of vessels to ensure the patency of important arteries, endoscopy could be a very useful tool. Objective: The aim of the present report is to describe our results with endoscopy-assisted anterior choroidal aneurysm clipping in a single patient. Results: A 23-year-old female presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH, Fisher 2, Hunt-Hess 2) secondary to a ruptured anterior communicating aneurysm (ACA). Digital angiography revealed an unruptured right anterior choroidal aneurysm (AChA). Surgical clipping via a right pterional approach was accomplished for both aneurysms. Clip position in the AChA was evaluated with a rigid skull-base endoscope (0° and 45°). It revealed accidental compromise of the AChA, so the clip was replaced under endoscopic guidance. Post-operatively, the patient experienced late vasospasm and a partial right third nerve palsy, manifested as ptosis and mydriasis. Currently, only the right mydriasis persists. Conclusions: In one patient with a SAH caused by a ruptured anterior communicating aneurysm, successful endoscopic-assisted surgical clipping of both the ruptured aneurism and an unruptured right anterior choroidal aneurysm was achieved.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aneurysm , Skull , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage , Neuroendoscopy , Endoscopy , Neurologic Examination , NeurosurgeryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: It is a consensus that most unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) can be treated with acceptably low morbidity. However, some studies recently reported postoperative cognitive impairment, suggesting that it could be attributable to surgical damage. Our goal is to evaluate cognitive function before and after microsurgical clipping in patients with UIA. METHOD: A consecutive series of 40 patients who underwent microsurgical clipping for UIA were studied. The cognitive assessment (Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE) was performed immediately before and at least one month after surgery. Paired Student's "t" test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical purposes. RESULTS: The mean MMSE score in the preoperative analysis was 28.12 (SD, 1.34). In the postoperative period the mean MMSE score was 28.40 (SD, 1.46). Paired Student's "t" test was applied to the scores and no significant difference was found (p=0.315). ANOVA did not find independent associations between MMSE scores and age, hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, education, aneurysm location, number, laterality or size. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that microsurgical clipping for UIA does not result in major cognitive dysfunction as determined by the MMSE.
OBJETIVO: É consenso que a maioria dos aneurismas intracranianos não-rotos (AINR) podem ser tratados com aceitável taxa de morbidade. Entretanto, alguns estudos reportaram déficits cognitivos no pós-operatório, sugerindo que poderiam ser atribuídos ao dano cirúrgico. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a função cognitiva antes e após clipagem microcirúrgica em pacientes com AINR. MÉTODO: Uma série de 40 pacientes com AINR submetidos à clipagem microcirúrgica foi estudada. A avaliação cognitiva (Mini Exame do Estado Mental, MEEM) foi realizada antes e após a intervenção cirúrgica. A análise estatística foi realizada com teste "t" de Student e análise de variância (ANOVA). RESULTADOS: A média dos escores do MEEM na análise pré-operatória foi 28,12 (DP, 1,34). No período pós-operatório, a média dos escores foi 28,40 (DP, 1,46). Não houve diferença estatística (teste "t" de Student; p=0,315). A ANOVA não encontrou associações independentes entre os escores de MEEM e idade, hipertensão, tabagismo, dislipidemia, educação e características dos aneurismas (topografia, número, lado e tamanho). CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo sugere que a clipagem microcirúrgica não está associada a danos cognitivos maiores em pacientes com AINR.