ABSTRACT
In the context of curriculum ideological and political education reform, ideological and political education entering acupuncture professional courses has great advantages and development prospects. By introducing the cases of famous and veteran traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) doctors and their life stories into acupuncture teaching, the ideological and political elements related to caring for patients, loving the country, innovation and development, cultural confidence etc. were deeply explored. Through optimizing the course design in acupuncture teaching, the integration of acupuncture teaching and ideological and political education is better achieved. While interpreting the life stories and superb medical skills of famous TCM experts, students are encouraged to establish good medical ethics and values, build their cultural confidence and innovation consciousness, and achieve the teaching goal of educating students through the course.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy , Acupuncture , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Physicians , Humans , Acupuncture/education , Teaching , Education, Medical , China , Veterans/educationABSTRACT
The theory of Huatuo Jiaji (EX-B 2) is the representative of the knowledge construction of ancient anatomy, reflecting the academic thought of Huatuo's school. Through deeply analyzing the classic theory of acupuncture and its cultural and historical materials, it is believed that the five-body constituents are the structural basis of Huatuo Jiaji (EX-B 2), qi and blood are the material one, while biaoben (the sites where meridian qi gathers and diffuses) and qijie (the common pathways through which meridian qi gathers) indicate its functions. Huatuo Jiaji (EX-B 2) reveals the rules of the transverse distribution of meridian points and the relevant indications, providing the theoretic foundation for acupuncture treatment. It highlights the importance of the anatomical knowledge in acupuncture effect and proposes a new idea for establishing an effective classification system of meridian points.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Medicine in Literature , Meridians , Humans , History, Ancient , Acupuncture Therapy/history , China , Acupuncture/history , Acupuncture/educationABSTRACT
This study was conducted to identify the number and density of active licensed acupuncturists (LAcs), as well as the number of accredited schools in acupuncture and Oriental medicine (AOM), as of January 1, 2023, in the United States (U.S.). The number of active LAcs as of January 1, 2023 was 34,524, potentially 33,364 after removing license duplication in multiple states, among which the largest three states were California (with 7317 LAcs [21.19% of the total]), New York (5024 [14.55%]) and Florida (2644 [7.66%]). The total number of LAcs decreased by 8.87% from 2018, and fell short of our projected number of LAcs in 2023 by 9037, or 20.75%. The overall LAc density in the U.S.-measured as the number of LAcs per 100,000 population-was 10.36, less than in 2018. There were 56 active, accredited AOM schools which offered a total of 147 programs (121 at the level necessary for licensing [entry-level], 12 for an advanced practicing degree [advanced-level], and 14 for certifications). Broken down further, offerings included 50 master's degrees in acupuncture, 40 master's degrees in Oriental medicine, 31 entry-level doctorate degrees (10 in acupuncture and 21 in acupuncture plus Chinese herbal medicine), and 12 advanced-level doctorate degrees in AOM. The certification programs included one in East-Asian Medical Bodywork and 13 in CHM. Among these schools in 2023, institutions in the West and East Coast states comprised 67.86% (decreased from 77.42% in 2018) of the national total. California, Florida and Illinois represented 39.29%. There were 48 jurisdictions with acupuncture practice laws in place. The data suggests that the acupuncture profession in the U.S. has been significantly impacted during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Please cite this article as: Fan AY, He DG, Sangraula A, Alemi SF, Matecki A. Distribution of licensed acupuncturists and educational institutions in the United States at the start of 2023, during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Integr Med. 2024; 22(4): 379-384.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture , COVID-19 , Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , United States , Acupuncture/education , Acupuncture Therapy , Licensure , SARS-CoV-2 , PandemicsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Workplace-based learning (WPBL) has emerged as an essential practice in healthcare education. However, WPBL is rarely implemented in Korean medicine (KM) due to the passive attitude of teachers and possible violation of medical laws that limit the participation of trainees in medical treatment. In this study, we implemented WPBL in the clinical clerkship of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine at a single College of KM and explored the barriers and future improvements of WPBL. METHODS: The WPBL was implemented from January to July 2019. During the clerkship, each senior student was assigned an inpatient at the university hospital. WPBL was conducted as follows: patient presentation by the supervisor, interaction with the patient at the bedside, preparation of medical records, oral case presentation, and discussion with feedback. The student performed a physical examination and review of systems as a clinical task. In addition, six doctors of KM who are currently practicing after three years of WPBL were interviewed in September 2022 to investigate the real-world effects and unmet needs of WPBL in their workplaces. RESULTS: Two major themes identified from the interview were: "the experience of novice doctors of KM with KM practice" and "Current state of KM clinical education." The five subcategories were: "Clinical competency priorities vary according to the KM workplace," "Difficulties faced by doctors of KM immediately after graduation," "WPBL experience of the interviewees," "Necessary but difficult to implement real patient learning," and "Unmet needs for clinical clerkship in KM." CONCLUSION: It is essential to consider the unique characteristics of KM practice and the duties required in various workplaces for successful WPBL. We anticipate our study to be a starting point for improving the WPBL and addressing the unmet needs in KM clinical education.
Subject(s)
Clinical Clerkship , Workplace , Humans , Republic of Korea , Clinical Competence , Students, Medical/psychology , Acupuncture/educationABSTRACT
"Ningbo oriental acupuncture-moxibustion society" was founded in 1930 by ZHANG Junyi. At that era, the enrollment conditions were flexible, the disciplines of warm moxibustion and acupuncture-moxibustion were set and taught by means of face-to-face class and correspondence one. The teaching content included the knowledge of western learning and traditional theory of acupuncture-moxibustion. The Society issued two periodicals, MedicalNewspaper of Warm Moxibustion and Oriental Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the staffs of the Society compiled teaching materials such as Warm Moxibustion and Advanced Acupuncture-Moxibustion, translated relevant books and improved the device and herbal medicine of warm moxibustion. The students trained in the Society worked all of the country and engaged in various professional fields. "Ningbo oriental acupuncture-moxibustion society" has cultivated a large number of excellent talents, adhering the teaching concept of integration of Chinese and western medicine, and has made the contribution to the preservation of precious literature, and promoting the innovation of acupuncture-moxibustion technology and the dissemination of warm moxibustion.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy , Acupuncture , Moxibustion , Humans , Acupuncture/education , Students , LearningABSTRACT
There are the differences in the location of some acupoints between textbooks Meridians and Acupoints and Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Both of the textbooks are in the category of the "14th Five-Year Plan". The differences in acupoint location have brought some confusion for students, full-time teachers and researchers in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. In the paper, based on GB/T 12346-2021ï¼ Nomenclature and Location of Meridian Points, published in2021, and in reference with GB/T 12346-2006ï¼ Nomenclature and Location of Acupuncture Points, published in 2006, the discrepancy in the acupoint location was systematically collated in the aspects of the expression style and layout, text expression and potential difference of location between these two textbooks, published by China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Medical Publishing House and China Science Publishing. Based on the historical evolution and the academic controversy of acupoint positioning, the reasons of the differences in acupoint location were analyzed, the potential influences on the teaching, examination, competition and research of Chinese medicine acupuncture were explored, and the suggestions for solution were proposed.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Meridians , Moxibustion , Humans , Moxibustion/history , China , Acupuncture/education , Acupuncture/history , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
A sustainable training system for acupuncture-moxibustion and tuina professionals, integrating "medicine, industry, education and research" is established, under the main framework of the medicine-engineering interdiscipline, and with the consideration of the issues of medicine, the application of engineering technology, the thinking approaches of sciences, and the collaboration of business studies. It is the potential power to support the development of traditional medicine. Through analyzing the difficulties of the medicine-engineering interdiscipline of acupuncture specialty, and in association with the experiences of the early-stage development of the collaboration between medicine and engineering, the paper presents the cases of China's higher education reform and transformation under the background of "emerging medical education" so as to explore a replicable personnel training mode.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy , Acupuncture , Education, Medical , Moxibustion , Humans , Acupuncture/education , ChinaABSTRACT
For more than half a centuryï¼the modern bioresearch in acupuncture has made remarkable advancements, proving scientific basis underlying the traditional, intuitive treatment, as well as leading to some new discoveries with the potential to enhance the effectiveness of acupuncture as we know it. Meanwhile, the clinical researches have started to shift its paradigm from traditional individual observation to modern evidence-based medicine. However, there is little interaction between basic and clinic researches, which are like two separate worlds, not benefiting each other. Also the education and training of acupuncture are still traditional style, little combining with modern studies. To bridging the large gap, we need translational science involving in. In this article, with a critical reviews of the limitations of the traditional methods of acupuncture, the challenges faced by clinic practices and placebo-control studies, and the advantages and disadvantages of basic research, we propose a methodological paradigm of the translational research, Translational Acupuncture Research Spectrum, that meets the current situation of acupuncture researches, hoping to give insights into this field and to promote modern acupuncture to move towards a new stage.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy , Acupuncture , Translational Research, Biomedical , Translational Science, Biomedical , Acupuncture/education , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
Talent team construction is the foundation of translational medicine research of acupuncture and moxibustion. In college education and continuing education after graduation, with the idea of translational medicine, it is necessary to cultivate both the ability of basic research and clinical skills for the students of traditional Chinese medicine, especially those majored in acupuncture and moxibustion, as well as train the acupuncture-moxibustion researchers who qualified with medical practitioner to contact with clinical practice, discover clinical scientific problems and research priorities, and engage in basic research at the same time. Acupuncture-moxibustion practitioners with higher education should be trained to be able to engage in basic and development researches on the premise of improving their clinical ability, so as to cultivate more translational research talents, build translational research team, and promote the pace of research and application of acupuncture-moxibustion translational medicine.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy , Acupuncture , Moxibustion , Humans , Translational Science, Biomedical , Acupuncture/education , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
Utilizadas de forma complementaria, alternada o integrada con la medicina convencional, la demanda de la población por las terapias no convencionales se ha incrementado considerablemente en las últimas décadas, requiriendo de los médicos un conocimiento de las nociones básicas de tales enfoques terapéuticos para orientar a sus pacientes en relación con tratamientos distintos a aquellos que suelen prescribir. Entre las mismas, la homeopatía y la acupuntura se han considerado especialidades médicas en Brasil durante varias décadas. Objetivo: Describir el estado actual de la formación médica en terapias no convencionales (homeopatía y acupuntura) alrededor del mundo. Métodos: Actualizamos los datos relacionados con los estudios y revisiones publicados hasta 2013 a través de una revisión de los estudios más recientes incluidos en la base de datos PubMed. Resultados: En todos los países, la enseñanza de terapias no convencionales se considera un tema relevante para la formación de médicos como una función del creciente interés de la población en su uso, con un amplia variedad de enfoques dirigidos a los estudiantes de licenciatura y posgrado, médicos residentes y profesionales con otras especialidades médicas. Conclusiones: Las escuelas brasileñas de medicina deben proporcionar a los estudiantes de licenciatura y posgrado, así como a los médicos residentes, un conocimiento preciso de los supuestos teóricos y enfoques clínico-terapéuticos propios de la homeopatía y la acupuntura, entre otras terapias no convencionales.
Used as complementary to, alternating or integrated with mainstream medicine, the population's demand for non-conventional therapies has substantially increased in the past decades, requiring from doctors knowledge on the basic notions of such therapeutics to orient their patients regarding treatments different to the ones they usually prescribe. Among them, homeopathy and acupuncture are considered medical specialties in Brazil for various decades. Aim: To describe the current state of medical education in non-conventional therapies (homeopathy and acupuncture) around the world. Methods: We updated data resulting from studies and reviews published until 2013 through a review of more recent studies included in database PubMed. Results: In all countries the teaching of non-conventional therapies is considered a relevant topic for the training of doctors as a function of the increasing interest of the population in their use, with a broad range of approaches targeting undergraduate and graduate students, medical residents and doctors from other medical specialties. Conclusions: The Brazilian medical schools must provide undergraduate and graduate students and medical residents accurate knowledge on the theoretical assumptions and clinical-therapeutic approaches proper to homeopathy and acupuncture, among other non-conventional therapies.
Subject(s)
Evaluation of Medical School Curriculum , Acupuncture/education , Health Human Resource Training , Homeopathy/educationABSTRACT
In order to specify the information expression of acupuncture effect and realize the knowledge reuse and sharing, in view of animal experiments and clinical trials, the relevant knowledge of acupuncture effect is allocated. Using seven-step method and Protégé5.5.0 tool, the ontology of acupuncture effect is constructed on the base of ISO/TS 16843-6: 2022. A total of 199 classes are constructed, including 7 categories (acupuncture point, acupuncture therapy, needling method, biological process, genes and gene products, disorder, and anatomic structure), 12 object properties, 1 108 instances and 5 123 axioms. A semantic network with the characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion is established and the structured expression for the knowledge of acupuncture effects is obtained, which lays the foundation for the innovation and development in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy , Acupuncture , Moxibustion , Acupuncture/education , Acupuncture Points , KnowledgeABSTRACT
In order to specify the information expression of acupuncture effect and realize the knowledge reuse and sharing, in view of animal experiments and clinical trials, the relevant knowledge of acupuncture effect is allocated. Using seven-step method and Protégé5.5.0 tool, the ontology of acupuncture effect is constructed on the base of ISO/TS 16843-6: 2022. A total of 199 classes are constructed, including 7 categories (acupuncture point, acupuncture therapy, needling method, biological process, genes and gene products, disorder, and anatomic structure), 12 object properties, 1 108 instances and 5 123 axioms. A semantic network with the characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion is established and the structured expression for the knowledge of acupuncture effects is obtained, which lays the foundation for the innovation and development in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy , Acupuncture/education , Moxibustion , Acupuncture Points , KnowledgeABSTRACT
Based on the clinical needs and examination requirements of standardized training students, the China national standardized training textbook Acupuncture and Moxibustion for residents of traditional Chinese medicine has made innovations in the textbook content and form. In the part of meridians and acupoints, the classic original text is introduced and the main indications and operation methods of 200 commonly-used acupoints are summarized in the form of tables. In the part of acupuncture and moxibustion technique, the operating procedures are standardized and the core technical points of 20 commonly-used acupuncture and moxibustion techniques are summarized in the form of flow chart. In the part of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, 48 typical diseases are introduced in the form of case discussion, highlighting the problem orientation and demonstrating the diagnosis and treatment procedures.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy , Acupuncture , Moxibustion , Acupuncture/education , China , Humans , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
By arranging Mr. LU Shan-zhong's papers and works, his academic contributions to acupuncture and moxibustion were summarized. It mainly includes standardizing the clinical diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion, and finding the fusion point of the western and traditional medicine; building the acupuncture and moxibustion education system, innovating acupuncture and moxibustion talent training programs; exploring the academic connotation of acupuncture and moxibustion, and promoting acupuncture and moxibustion therapy.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy , Acupuncture , Moxibustion , Acupuncture/education , Acupuncture Points , China , Medicine, Traditional , SchoolsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: People have been teaching self-acupuncture (SA) in the United Kingdom since 1977. More recently, a small body of research has been conducted on SA. However, detailed guidelines on teaching and delivery of SA have so far, to our knowledge, not been developed. METHODS: Acupuncturists were invited to participate in an online survey about their experiences of teaching SA. Data from the survey were extracted, analysed using descriptive statistics and translated into SA teaching guidelines. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-eight acupuncturists completed the survey. Nineteen percent of participants had taught SA. The most common symptoms for which acupuncturists taught SA were pain, nausea, anxiety, hot flushes, headaches/migraines and breathlessness. The six most commonly taught traditional acupuncture point locations were LI4, ST36, SP6, PC6, LR3 and TE5. No participants had received reports of adverse effects from their patients. CONCLUSION: Acupuncturists who teach SA find it to be an acceptable and safe option for patients. The presented data have important implications for guiding the practice of SA.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy , Acupuncture , Acupuncture/education , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy/adverse effects , Hot Flashes/etiology , Humans , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
By arranging Mr. LU Shan-zhong's papers and works, his academic contributions to acupuncture and moxibustion were summarized. It mainly includes standardizing the clinical diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion, and finding the fusion point of the western and traditional medicine; building the acupuncture and moxibustion education system, innovating acupuncture and moxibustion talent training programs; exploring the academic connotation of acupuncture and moxibustion, and promoting acupuncture and moxibustion therapy.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture/education , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , China , Medicine, Traditional , Moxibustion , SchoolsABSTRACT
Based on the clinical needs and examination requirements of standardized training students, the China national standardized training textbook Acupuncture and Moxibustion for residents of traditional Chinese medicine has made innovations in the textbook content and form. In the part of meridians and acupoints, the classic original text is introduced and the main indications and operation methods of 200 commonly-used acupoints are summarized in the form of tables. In the part of acupuncture and moxibustion technique, the operating procedures are standardized and the core technical points of 20 commonly-used acupuncture and moxibustion techniques are summarized in the form of flow chart. In the part of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, 48 typical diseases are introduced in the form of case discussion, highlighting the problem orientation and demonstrating the diagnosis and treatment procedures.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture/education , Acupuncture Therapy , China , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , MoxibustionABSTRACT
Three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking has been used in many fields, such as the researches of sport and medical skills. This experiment aimed to use 3D motion tracking technology to measure the kinematic parameters of the joints of fingers during acupuncture manipulation (AM) and establish three technical indicators "amplitude, velocity and time". This method can reflect the operation characteristics of AM and provide quantitative parameters along three axes of multiple finger joints. The current evidence shows that the method has great potential for future applications such as the study of the dose-effect relationship of acupuncture, teaching, and learning of AM, and the measurement and preservation of famous acupuncturists' AM.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy , Acupuncture , Acupuncture/education , Acupuncture Therapy/methods , Biomechanical Phenomena , Fingers , MotionABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The National Academy of Medicine recommends, and Joint Commission requires, offering non-pharmacologic approaches to pain management, including acupuncture, to reduce opioid overuse in the United States. This study describes 2019 state training requirements to evaluate how they represent opportunities and barriers to increasing access to acupuncture. METHODS: We searched publicly available databases to identify Acupuncture Practice Acts and additional statutes and regulations pertaining to acupuncture training requirements on state licensure board websites. We then extracted state-specific acupuncture training requirements for individuals with and without a healthcare-related professional license. RESULTS: Thirty-three states allow physicians to provide acupuncture without requiring any additional training requirements, 11 states and the District of Columbia (DC) require 200-300 training hours, and three require physicians to obtain a separate acupuncture license. Three states have no regulatory agency ruling. Forty states require non-healthcare professionals to complete an accredited program of more than 1900 h and pass an examination. Twenty-three states have an Acupuncture Detoxification Specialist designation allowing individuals without a clinical professional license to provide auricular acupuncture for substance use disorder treatment after a 70-h training course. DISCUSSION: State-level training requirements are intended to increase safe and effective care, but variations represent a potential barrier to increasing the number of acupuncture providers in the United States. Allowing non-physician medical professionals to complete reduced training requirements for specific indications could be a model to increase access to acupuncture. The influence of training requirements on acupuncture access and opioid overuse needs examination.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture/education , Health Personnel/education , Teaching/standards , Acupuncture/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Personnel/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Personnel/standards , Humans , Licensure , Teaching/legislation & jurisprudence , Teaching/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , United StatesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The proportional method of acupuncture point location (APL) currently taught at Endeavor College of Natural Health and advocated by the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO) was found to be imprecise and/or inaccurate in previous student studies. The ruler and elastic methods of APL were identified as more accurate or precise than the proportional method of APL but were not well received by student participants. Use of an adjustable ruler may overcome barriers to uptake of the more accurate APL methods. This pilot study was the first to evaluate the comparative accuracy of the adjustable ruler and the proportional methods of APL in first-year students at a major Australian acupuncture training college. METHODS: After 10 weeks of in-class instruction in both proportional and adjustable ruler methods of APL, student participants (n = 14) attempted location of three acupuncture points (LI10, SP6 and ST38) on a volunteer using both APL methods of interest. A self-administered questionnaire and lecturer field notes elucidated attitudes to implementation of both APL methods. RESULTS: Points marked using the adjustable ruler were closer to the correct location than those marked using the proportional method across all three acupuncture points. Students and lecturers rated the adjustable ruler more highly than the proportional method for ease of learning and ease of use. CONCLUSION: Encouraging results with the adjustable ruler method warrant further larger scale studies. Use of the adjustable ruler method of APL should be considered for use in point location training at educational institutions teaching traditional acupuncture.