Adenoma Hepatocelular: a propósito de un caso / Hepatocellular adenoma: about a case / Adenoma hepatocelular: sobre um caso

El Adenoma Hepatocelular (AH) es un tumor hepático benigno, su diagnóstico ha avanzado gracias a los avances en los métodos moleculares, facilitaron dividirlos en subtipos, con diferentes pronósticos e indicaciones terapéuticas. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente, de 40 años con hallazgo ecográfico de tumor hepático, la Tomografía de Abdomen y Pelvis voluminosa lesión sólida heterogénea, en la Resonancia Magnética compatible con Adenoma esteatósico (asociado a mutación HNF1 alfa). Se decide tratamiento quirúrgico, con resección de los segmentos 6 y 7. La Anatomía patológica concluye: Compatible con el subtipo inflamatorio. Los Adenoma hepáticos (AH) son tumores raros, solitarios de estirpe epitelial, benignos. Se presentan en mujeres de edad fértil y asociado al consumo de anticonceptivos orales y estrógenos. Estos tumores predominan en hígado derecho, con proliferación de células parecidas a los hepatocitos normales, pero desorganizados y sin arquitectura lobular normal, sin ductos biliares ni tejido conectivo de sostén. Los AH así como el resto de los tumores hepáticos benignos, han aumentado su incidencia de la mano con el avance de la imagenología abdominal. La importancia de la diferenciación con el resto de los tumores hepáticos benignos surge del potencial maligno de éstos. Podemos clasificar a los pacientes según el perfil molecular asociado a marcadores inmunohistoquímicos. Los estudios de imagen son fundamentales para la diferenciación tumoral en diagnóstico y planear la terapéutica. El tratamiento será individualizado, determinada por la clínica, la variedad de subtipos, y la evolución. Debido a la complejidad de la enfermedad, el tratamiento de la HA es uno de los mejores ejemplos de abordaje individualizado en unidades hepatobiliares.

Hepatocellular adenoma (HA) is a benign liver tumor, its diagnosis has advanced thanks to advances in molecular methods, which facilitated its division into subtypes, with different prognoses and therapeutic indications. We present the clinical case of a 40-year-old patient with an ultrasound finding of a liver tumor, a voluminous heterogeneous solid lesion on a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis, compatible with a steatotic adenoma on MRI (associated with HNF1 alpha mutation). Surgical treatment was decided, with resection of segments 6 and 7. The pathology concluded in short: Compatible with the inflammatory subtype. Hepatic adenomas (HA) are rare, solitary, benign epithelial tumors. They occur in women of childbearing age and associated with the consumption of oral contraceptives and estrogens. These tumors predominate in the right liver, with proliferation of cells similar to normal hepatocytes, but disorganized and without normal lobular architecture, without bile ducts or supporting connective tissue. HA, as well as the rest of the benign liver tumors, have increased their incidence in the hand with the advancement of abdominal imaging. The importance of differentiation with the rest of the benign liver tumors arises from the malignant potential of these. We can classify patients according to the molecular profile associated with immunohistochemical markers. Imaging studies are fundamental for tumor differentiation in diagnosis and therapeutic planning. The treatment will be individualized, determined by the clinic, the variety of subtypes, and the evolution. Due to the complexity of the disease, the treatment of AH is one of the best examples of an individualized approach in hepatobiliary units.

O adenoma hepatocelular (AH) éum tumor benigno do fígado, seu diagnóstico avançougraçasaosavanços dos métodos moleculares, que facilitaramsuadivisão em subtipos, com diferentes prognósticos e indicaçõesterapêuticas. Apresentamos o caso clínico de umadoente de 40 anoscomachadoultrassonográfico de tumor hepático, volumosalesão sólida heterogénea à TC de abdómen e pelve, compatívelcom adenoma esteatótico à RM (associado a mutação HNF1 alfa ). Optou-se por tratamentocirúrgico, comressecção dos segmentos 6 e 7. A patologiaconcluiu-se resumidamente: Compatívelcom o subtipo inflamatório. Os adenomas hepáticos (AH) são tumores epiteliais raros, solitários e benignos. Ocorrem em mulheres em idadereprodutiva e associadasao consumo de anticoncepcionaisorais e estrogênios. Esses tumores predominam no fígadodireito, comproliferação de células semelhantesaoshepatócitosnormais, porém desorganizados e semarquitetura lobular normal, sem ductos biliares outecido conjuntivo de sustentação. O HA, assim como os demais tumores hepáticos benignos, têm aumentado suaincidêncianamãocom o avanço da imagem abdominal. A importância da diferenciaçãocom os demais tumores hepáticos benignos decorre do potencial maligno destes. Podemos classificar os pacientes de acordocom o perfil molecular associado a marcadores imuno-histoquímicos. Os estudos de imagemsãofundamentais para a diferenciação tumoral no diagnóstico e planejamentoterapêutico. O tratamento será individualizado, determinado pela clínica, variedade de subtipos e evolução. Pela complexidade da doença, o tratamento da HA é um dos melhoresexemplos de abordagem individualizada nas unidades hepatobiliares.

Bleeding hepatocellular adenoma: historical series and outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: hepatocellular adenoma - AHC - is a rare benign neoplasm of the liver more prevalent in women at reproductive age and its main complication is hemorrhage. In the literature, case series addressing this complication are limited. METHODS: between 2010 and 2022, 12 cases of bleeding AHC were attended in a high-complexity university hospital in southern Brazil, whose medical records were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: all patients were female, with a mean age of 32 years and a BMI of 33kg/m2. The use of oral contraceptives was identified in half of the sample and also half of the patients had a single lesion. The mean diameter of the largest lesion was 9.60cm and the largest lesion was responsible for bleeding in all cases. The presence of hemoperitoneum was documented in 33% of the patients and their age was significantly higher than the patients who did not have hemoperitoneum - 38 vs 30 years, respectively. Surgical resection of the bleeding lesion was performed in 50% of the patients and the median number of days between bleeding and resection was 27 days. In only one case, embolization was used. The relation between ingrowth of the lesions and the time, in months, was not obtained in this study. CONCLUSION: it is concluded that the bleeding AHC of the present series shows epidemiological agreement with the literature and may suggest that older patients trend to have hemoperitoneum more frequently, a fact that should be investigated in further studies.

Perfil dos pacientes operados por adenoma hepático em serviço de cirurgia hepatobiliar do Rio Grande do Sul / Profile of patients who underwent operation for liver adenoma in an hepatobiliary surgery service in Rio Grande do Sul

Introdução: O trabalho objetiva avaliar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes operados por adenoma hepático e os fatores de influência nas diferentes apresentações clínicas. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo com 21 pacientes operados por adenoma hepático. Dados de prontuário e laudos anatomopatológicos foram revisados a fim de estudar a relação entre perfil dos pacientes, apresentação clínica e características do tumor. Resultados: Sexo feminino foi predominante na amostra. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 32 anos e o IMC médio 25,9. Uso de anticoncepcional oral foi relatado em 93% dos casos, sendo 13 anos o tempo médio de uso. A presença de comorbidades teve associação com adenomas de maior tamanho, e diabetes mellitus foi doença mais frequente associada a este tumor. Houve associação clínica entre tamanho do adenoma e sintomatologia: pacientes com sinais e sintomas mais pronunciados apresentaram lesões de tamanho médio superior em comparação aos pacientes com sintomas inespecíficos ou ausentes. Conclusão: Os fatores já conhecidos associados ao Adenoma Hepático envolvem o sexo feminino, uso de contraceptivo oral de longa data, doenças do armazenamento do glicogênio, uso de anabolizantes e, menos comumente, gestação e diabetes mellitus. Neste trabalho evidenciamos o diabetes mellitus como a comorbidade mais frequente entre os pacientes com diagnóstico de Adenoma Hepático, relacionando-se a adenomas de maior tamanho na amostra deste estudo, o que sugere possível associação do diabetes mellitus na gênese dos adenomas hepáticos e também no prognóstico, visto que lesões maiores representam risco aumentado de complicações.

Introduction: This work aims to evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients who underwent surgery for liver adenoma and the factors that could influence different clinical presentations. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with 21 patients with liver adenoma who underwent surgery. Medical records and pathological reports were reviewed to study the connection between patients' profile, clinical presentation, and features of the tumor. Results: Female sex predominated in the sample. The mean age of patients was 32 years and the mean BMI was 25.9. The use of oral contraceptives was reported in 93% of the cases, with an average usage time of 13 years. The presence of comorbidities was associated with larger adenomas, and diabetes mellitus was the most frequent comorbidity co-existing with this tumor. Clinical association between the size of adenomas and symptoms was identified: patients with more pronounced signs and symptoms had larger lesions compared with patients with nonspecific or absent symptoms. Conclusion: The known factors associated with Hepatic Adenoma involve female sex, long-term use of oral contraceptives, glycogen storage diseases, use of anabolic steroids, and, less commonly, pregnancy and diabetes mellitus. In this study, we highlight diabetes mellitus as the most frequent comorbidity among patients diagnosed with Hepatic Adenoma, relating to larger adenomas in this study sample, which suggests a possible association of diabetes mellitus in the genesis of liver adenomas and in the prognosis, since larger lesions represent an increased risk of complications.

Guidelines for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Adenoma in the Era of Molecular Biology: An Experience-Based Surgeons' Perspective.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular adenoma (HA) is a rare benign liver tumor with increasing incidence affecting young women. In the last years, much has changed in diagnosis, classification, and treatment, due to the identification of different molecular subtypes. With the evolving knowledge, especially on molecular characteristics of the disease, we are far from a consensus of how to deal with such a multifaceted benign disease METHODS: In the last 20 years, we have treated 134 patients with HA with a mean age of 28 years, being 126 women. Fifty patients had a history of abdominal pain and 13 patients had an acute episode of pain due to rupture and bleeding. Until 2009, adenomas larger than 4 cm in diameter were resected, regardless of gender. From 2010 to 2016, only adenomas larger than 5 cm were referred for surgical treatment. Since 2016, resection was indicated in all female patients with non-steatotic adenomas larger than 5 cm and all adenomas in men. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: One hundred twenty-four patients were submitted to resection, being in 21 major resections. Since 2010, 74% of resections were done laparoscopically. Patients with ruptured adenomas were treated with transarterial embolization. Morbidity rate was 8.1% with no mortality. Authors discuss point-by-point all the aspects and presentations of the disease and the best approach. We proposed a therapeutic guideline based on the best available evidence and in our experience. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the complexity of the disease, the treatment of HA is one the best examples of an individualized approach.

Synchronous Unicentric Castleman Disease and Inflammatory Hepatocellular Adenoma: a Case Report.

Systemic symptoms such as fever and fatigue are non-specific manifestations spanning from inflammation to neoplasia. Here we report the case of a 34 year-old man who presented with systemic symptoms for four months. CT-scan and MRI revealed a 3.4 cm arterialized hepatic lesion and a 7 cm paraduodenal mass. Surgical resection of both lesions and histological examination revealed an inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma and a unicentric plasma cell type of Castleman disease. Moreover, a diffuse AA amyloid deposition in the liver was observed. Resection of both lesions was associated with an improvement of the symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a synchronous presentation of a unicentric plasma cell type of Castleman disease, inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma and AA amyloidosis.

Giant hepatocellular adenoma in a previously obese thirteen-year-old boy.

Hepatocellular adenoma is an uncommon neoplasm, especially in the childhood age group. We describe a previously obese 13-year-old male with a giant hepatocellular adenoma requiring an extensive hepatic resection. The related pediatric tumor literature, diagnosis and clinical management is discussed.

Tratamento cirúrgico do adenoma hepático roto: experiência de 17 anos / Surgical treatment of ruptured hepatocellular adenoma: 17 years of experience

Introdução: o adenoma hepático roto é uma complicação incomum, exigindo alta suspeita clínica devido ao risco que representa. Exige pronta investigação diagnóstica com exames radiológicos. Após reposição volêmica, seu tratamento pode envolver desde a embolização transarterial hepática até a cirurgia de urgência. Objetivo: analisar fatores de risco e o tratamento cirúrgico dos adenomas hepáticos com rotura detectados em nosso serviço. Método: foram avaliados retrospectivamente os prontuários de 28 pacientes com adenoma hepático operados no período de 1995 a 2012. Foram analisadas variáveis epidemiológicas e clínicas, os sinais de rotura foram categorizados como intraperitoneal ou subcapsular, o tumor classificado como único ou múltiplo. Foram avaliados o tempo cirúrgico e a perda sanguínea intraoperatória. Resultado: dos 28 casos, 3 (11%) estavam rotos. Os três eram do sexo feminino, apresentaram rotura espontânea e duas faziam uso de anticoncepcional oral. Não se observou sinal de malignização em nenhum. A idade média foi de 32 anos. Foi realizado tratamento cirúrgico por hepatectomia direita em todos. Dois apresentaram rotura intraperitoneal e subcapsular e uma subcapsular apenas. O tamanho médio das lesões foi de 10 cm, sendo que, em dois casos, era única, e em uma múltipla. Médias de sangramento foram de 1000 ml, transfusão de 4 concentrados de hemácias e tempo cirúrgico de 6 horas. Nenhuma das pacientes apresentava cirrose, consumia bebidas alcoólicas ou alteração significativa dos níveis das enzimas hepáticas. No pós-operatório, um paciente evolui com pneumonia e uma paciente apresentou insuficiência hepática, evoluindo a óbito. Conclusão: o adenoma hepatocelular roto é uma condição potencialmente ameaçadora à vida, associada em nossa amostra ao tamanho da lesão e ao uso de anticoncepcional oral. O tratamento cirúrgico está associado a ressecções hepáticas maiores, com necessidade de transfusão sanguínea. A experiência vivida em nosso centro demonstra que o uso da radiologia intervencionista possa ser um procedimento para reduzir esta mortalidade.

Background: spontaneous hepatic rupture is a rare clinical event that needs to be carefully evaluated due to the high risks involved. The diagnosis is often made after abdominal imaging. Volemic resuscitation, selective transarterial embolization or surgical resections have been used. Aim: the aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology, risk factors and treatment performed in our service. Methods: we reviewed the medical records of 28 patients from 1995 to 2012 with a diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma. We analyzed epidemiology, clinics variables, the ruptured adenomas were divided into either intrahepatic hemorrhage or intraperitoneal bleeding categories. Results: three (11%) of the 28 patients had ruptured hepatocellular adenoma. These three patients were women, had spontaneous ruptures and a background of oral contraceptive use. The mean age was 32 years old. They were submitted to right hepatectomy; two were associated with intrahepatic and intraperitoneal hemorrhage while one had only intrahepatic bleeding and none had malignant transformation. The mean diameter of the lesion was 10cm, two was unique and one was multiple. The means of bleeding loss was 1000ml, surgical time of six hours and transfusion of four red blood cells bag. No one of the patients has cirrhosis, alcoholism or significant variation of liver enzymes profile. In the postoperative period one patient had pneumonia while another had hepatic insufficiency and died. Conclusion: spontaneous hepatic rupture is a potential hazard to patients associated with the size of the tumor and the potency of the oral contraceptive used. In this condition emergency surgery can be required leading to a major resection with accompanying blood transfusion. Our experience concluded that interventional radiology procedures can decrease mortality.

Rupture of a hepatic adenoma in a young woman after an abdominal trauma: a case report.

Unlike hepatic haemorrhage following blunt abdominal trauma, spontaneous abdomen bleeding is rare, even in the presence of a hepatocellular adenoma (HA) or carcinoma. However, the diagnosis of a tumour underlying a haematoma after liver trauma is unusual, especially when it occurs more after two years after the accident. Here, we report a case of a ruptured HA due to blunt abdominal trauma. A 36-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with sudden onset of upper abdominal pain. Her medical history revealed a blunt abdominal trauma two years prior. Initial abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a large haematoma measuring more than 16 cm in diameter in the right lobe of the liver. Magnetic resonance imaging showed haemorrhagic areas and some regions with hepatocyte hyperplasia, suggesting HA. The patient underwent right hepatic lobectomy, and a histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of HA. In conclusion, it is important to consider that abdominal trauma may hide old, asymptomatic and not previously detected injuries, as in the case reported.

Hepatocellular carcinoma arising in a telangiectatic hepatocellular adenoma.

Telangiectatic hepatocellular adenoma is a rare, recently recognized subtype of benign liver tumor that may very rarely undergo transformation into hepatocellular carcinoma. We report an unusual case of a 75-year-old woman with no history of oral contraceptive use that underwent malignant transformation of a telangiectactic hepatocellular adenoma. No risk factors for adenoma development were identified in this otherwise healthy woman. Radiological characteristics, gross features and histopathology are herein described. In conclusion, telangiectatic hepatocellular adenoma can undergo malignant transformation. Further studies are needed to better clarify the factors associated with malignant progression.

Hepatocellular adenoma: an excellent indication for laparoscopic liver resection.

OBJECTIVES: Laparoscopic resection for benign liver disease has gained wide acceptance in recent years and hepatocellular adenoma (HA) seems to be an appropriate indication. This study aimed to discuss diagnosis and treatment strategies, and to assess the feasibility, safety and outcomes of pure laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) in a large series of patients with HA. METHODS: Of 88 patients who underwent pure LLR, 31 were identified as having HA. Diagnosis was based on radiological evaluation and resections were performed for lesions measuring >5.0 cm. RESULTS: The sample included 29 female and two male patients. Their mean age was 33.2 years. A total of 27 patients had a single lesion, one patient had two and one had four lesions. The two remaining patients had liver adenomatosis. Mean tumour size was 7.5 cm. Three right hepatectomies, 17 left lateral sectionectomies and 11 wedge resections or segmentectomies were performed. There was no need for blood transfusion or conversion to open surgery. Postoperative complications occurred in two patients. Mean hospital stay was 3.8 days. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatocellular adenoma should be regarded as an excellent indication for pure LLR. Pure LLR is safe and feasible and should be considered the standard of care for the treatment of HA when performed by surgeons with experience in liver and laparoscopic surgery.

[Laparoscopic hepatectomy in benign solid tumor: case report]. / Hepatectomía laparoscópica en tumor sólido benigno. Informe de un caso.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic liver surgery represents an alternative surgical approach in the presence of smaller solid tumors up to 5 cm located in the left lobe and in anterior segments of the right lobe. The objective of this report is to present the first hepatic resection by laparoscopy, reported in Venezuela, as well as also the review in the literature. CLINICAL CASE: A 40-year-old female was referred to the Surgical Service of the Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo for mild epigastric pain of 1-year evolution, in addition to having a palpable mass in the same region; laboratory tests and tumor markers was normal. Complementary studies such as computed abdominal tomography and ultrasound revealed a lesion of 5.8 x 4.3 cm, localized in segments II and III of the liver. The patient underwent surgery, and a left lateral segmentectomy was performed using laparoscopy in four access ports. Surgical time was approximately 245 min with bleeding of 350 cc. The liver segment was resected through a transverse suprapubic incision. The patient had a satisfactory postoperative evolution without the necessity of the intensive care unit and with a hospital stay of 4 days. Final pathological report demonstrated hepatocellular adenoma. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic approach is another alternative in the surgical management of solid liver lesions. Lower mortality and morbidity are reported.

Surgical management of spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular adenoma.

AIMS: Spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular adenoma (SRHA) is a rare life-threatening condition that may require surgical treatment to control hemorrhaging and also stabilize the patient. We report a series of emergency surgeries performed at our institution for this condition. METHODS: We reviewed medical records and radiology files of 28 patients (from 1989 to 2006) with a proven diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma (HA). Three (10.7%) of 28 patients had spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular adenoma, two of which were associated with intrahepatic hemorrhage while one had intraperitoneal bleeding. Two patients were female and one was male. Both female patients had a background history of oral contraceptive use. Sudden abdominal pain associated with hemodynamic instability occurred in all patients who suffered from spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular adenoma. The mean age was 41.6 years old. The preoperative assessment included liver function tests, ultrasonography and computed tomography. RESULTS: The surgical approaches were as follows: right hemihepatectomy for controlling intraperitoneal bleeding, and right extended hepatectomy and non-anatomic resection of the liver for intrahepatic hemorrhage. There were no deaths, and the postoperative complications were bile leakage and wound infection (re-operation), as well as intraperitoneal abscess (re-operation) and pleural effusion. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular adenoma may be treated by surgery for controlling hemorrhages and stabilizing the patient, and the decision to operate depends upon both the patient's condition and the expertise of the surgical team.

Hepatectomía laparoscópica en tumor sólido benigno: informe de un caso / Laparoscopic hepatectomy in benign solid tumor: case report

Introducción: La cirugía hepática laparoscópica representa una alternativa quirúrgica para abordar tumores sólidos menores a 5 cm ubicados en el lóbulo izquierdo y en segmentos anteriores del lóbulo derecho. El objetivo de este informe es presentar la primera resección hepática por vía laparocópica reportada en Venezuela, así como revisión en la literatura. Caso clínico: Mujer de 40 años de edad, quien ingresó al servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo con dolor en epigastrio de leve intensidad, de un año de evolución, además de masa palpable a ese nivel, con exámenes de laboratorio y marcadores tumorales dentro de la normalidad. Por ultrasonido abdominal se identificó una lesión focal en los segmentos II y III del hígado de 5.8 × 4.3 cm aproximadamente, confirmada por tomografía axial computarizada. Se practicó segmentectomía laparoscópica lateral izquierda a través de cuatro puertos de acceso; el tiempo quirúrgico fue de 245 minutos, con 350 ml de sangrado; se extrajo la pieza completa a través de una incisión transversal suprapúbica. La evolución posoperatoria fue satisfactoria. La paciente no ameritó ingreso en terapia intensiva y egresó al cuatro día. La biopsia definitiva indicó adenoma hepatocelular. Conclusiones: El abordaje laparoscópico es otra alternativa con menor morbimortalidad en el manejo quirúrgico de lesiones solidas de hígado, como se reporta en la literatura revisada.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic liver surgery represents an alternative surgical approach in the presence of smaller solid tumors up to 5 cm located in the left lobe and in anterior segments of the right lobe. The objective of this report is to present the first hepatic resection by laparoscopy, reported in Venezuela, as well as also the review in the literature. CLINICAL CASE: A 40-year-old female was referred to the Surgical Service of the Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo for mild epigastric pain of 1-year evolution, in addition to having a palpable mass in the same region; laboratory tests and tumor markers was normal. Complementary studies such as computed abdominal tomography and ultrasound revealed a lesion of 5.8 x 4.3 cm, localized in segments II and III of the liver. The patient underwent surgery, and a left lateral segmentectomy was performed using laparoscopy in four access ports. Surgical time was approximately 245 min with bleeding of 350 cc. The liver segment was resected through a transverse suprapubic incision. The patient had a satisfactory postoperative evolution without the necessity of the intensive care unit and with a hospital stay of 4 days. Final pathological report demonstrated hepatocellular adenoma. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic approach is another alternative in the surgical management of solid liver lesions. Lower mortality and morbidity are reported.

Surgical management of spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular adenoma

AIMS: Spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular adenoma (SRHA) is a rare life-threatening condition that may require surgical treatment to control hemorrhaging and also stabilize the patient. We report a series of emergency surgeries performed at our institution for this condition. METHODS: We reviewed medical records and radiology files of 28 patients (from 1989 to 2006) with a proven diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma (HA). Three (10.7 percent) of 28 patients had spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular adenoma, two of which were associated with intrahepatic hemorrhage while one had intraperitoneal bleeding. Two patients were female and one was male. Both female patients had a background history of oral contraceptive use. Sudden abdominal pain associated with hemodynamic instability occurred in all patients who suffered from spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular adenoma. The mean age was 41.6 years old. The preoperative assessment included liver function tests, ultrasonography and computed tomography. RESULTS: The surgical approaches were as follows: right hemihepatectomy for controlling intraperitoneal bleeding, and right extended hepatectomy and non-anatomic resection of the liver for intrahepatic hemorrhage. There were no deaths, and the postoperative complications were bile leakage and wound infection (re-operation), as well as intraperitoneal abscess (re-operation) and pleural effusion. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular adenoma may be treated by surgery for controlling hemorrhages and stabilizing the patient, and the decision to operate depends upon both the patient's condition and the expertise of the surgical team.

Tumores hepáticos benignos complicados / Complicated bening liver tumors

Antecedentes: Los tumores benignos sólidos del hígado (TBSH) constituyen una patología poco común. La mayoría de ellos son asintomáticos y de diagnóstico accidental. Un pequeño número de pacientes sufre complicaciones entre las que se encuentran la hemorragia y la transformación maligna. Objetivo: Describir las complicaciones observadas en los pacientes operados por TBSH y analizar la conducta terapéutica y la evolución postoperatoria de este grupo de enfermos. Diseño: Estudio clínico restrospectivo. Población: De los 99 pacientes portadores de TBSH que fueron operados, 18 (18,1 por ciento) estaban complicados. En este grupo se incluyen: 6/49 (12,2 por ciento) hemangiomas, 8/21 (38,1 por ciento) adenomas, 2/16 (12,5 por ciento) hiperplasias nodulares focales, 1 hamartoma y 1 pseudotumor inflamatorio. La complicación más frecuente fue la hemorrágica (66,6 por ciento) en 3 casos por biopsias preoperatorias. Todos los pacientes con adenomas asociados a hemorragia presentaban antecedentes de ingesta de anticonceptivos orales. Además se describen 3 transformaciones malignas, 1 necrosis infectada, 1 síndrome de Kasabach Merrit y 1 síndrome de Budd Chiari. Método: Con excepción de un caso, todos los pacientes fueron resecados requiriendo de trasplante hepático en 2 oportunidades. El paciente no resecado fue sometido a laparotomía exploradora y biopsia por un hemangioma con comportamiento agresivo. El seguimiento se realizó mediante evaluación clínica y estudios por imágenes. Resultados: La morbilidad postoperatoria en los TBSH complicados fue de 4/18 (22,2 por ciento). No hubo mortalidad postoperatoria en este grupo, siendo la global de la serie de 1 por ciento (1 hemorragia cerebral por ruptura de una malformación vascular). El seguimiento alcanzó un promedio de 3,2 años (rango 1 mes-12 años). Todos los pacientes resecados se hallan libres del tumor. El paciente con el hemangioma invasivo falleció a los 26 meses del postoperatorio. Conclusiones: 1. La ingesta de anticonceptivos orales podría ser un factor importante en la parición de complicaciones hemorrágicas en pacientes con adenomas hepáticos. 2. La malignización es una complicación a tener en cuenta en los adenomas y las hiperplasias nodulares focales. 3. Deben sospecharse patologías cerebrales asociadas en pacientes con tumores hepáticos benignos. 4. Debe evitarse la biopsia hepática que no modifica la conducta terapéutica, ya que puede precipitar una complicación...(AU)

Tumores hepáticos benignos complicados / Complicated bening liver tumors

Antecedentes: Los tumores benignos sólidos del hígado (TBSH) constituyen una patología poco común. La mayoría de ellos son asintomáticos y de diagnóstico accidental. Un pequeño número de pacientes sufre complicaciones entre las que se encuentran la hemorragia y la transformación maligna. Objetivo: Describir las complicaciones observadas en los pacientes operados por TBSH y analizar la conducta terapéutica y la evolución postoperatoria de este grupo de enfermos. Diseño: Estudio clínico restrospectivo. Población: De los 99 pacientes portadores de TBSH que fueron operados, 18 (18,1 por ciento) estaban complicados. En este grupo se incluyen: 6/49 (12,2 por ciento) hemangiomas, 8/21 (38,1 por ciento) adenomas, 2/16 (12,5 por ciento) hiperplasias nodulares focales, 1 hamartoma y 1 pseudotumor inflamatorio. La complicación más frecuente fue la hemorrágica (66,6 por ciento) en 3 casos por biopsias preoperatorias. Todos los pacientes con adenomas asociados a hemorragia presentaban antecedentes de ingesta de anticonceptivos orales. Además se describen 3 transformaciones malignas, 1 necrosis infectada, 1 síndrome de Kasabach Merrit y 1 síndrome de Budd Chiari. Método: Con excepción de un caso, todos los pacientes fueron resecados requiriendo de trasplante hepático en 2 oportunidades. El paciente no resecado fue sometido a laparotomía exploradora y biopsia por un hemangioma con comportamiento agresivo. El seguimiento se realizó mediante evaluación clínica y estudios por imágenes. Resultados: La morbilidad postoperatoria en los TBSH complicados fue de 4/18 (22,2 por ciento). No hubo mortalidad postoperatoria en este grupo, siendo la global de la serie de 1 por ciento (1 hemorragia cerebral por ruptura de una malformación vascular). El seguimiento alcanzó un promedio de 3,2 años (rango 1 mes-12 años). Todos los pacientes resecados se hallan libres del tumor. El paciente con el hemangioma invasivo falleció a los 26 meses del postoperatorio. Conclusiones: 1. La ingesta de anticonceptivos orales podría ser un factor importante en la parición de complicaciones hemorrágicas en pacientes con adenomas hepáticos. 2. La malignización es una complicación a tener en cuenta en los adenomas y las hiperplasias nodulares focales. 3. Deben sospecharse patologías cerebrales asociadas en pacientes con tumores hepáticos benignos. 4. Debe evitarse la biopsia hepática que no modifica la conducta terapéutica, ya que puede precipitar una complicación...