ABSTRACT
Liver cancer is an emerging global health issue, with rising incidence in both the United States and the economically developing world. Although Guatemala experiences the highest rates of this disease in the Western hemisphere and a unique 1:1 distribution in men and women, few studies have focused on this population. Thus, we determined the prevalence and correlates of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure and hepatitis virus infection in Guatemalan adults. Healthy men and women aged ≥40 years (n = 461), residing in five departments of Guatemala, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study from May-October of 2016. Serum AFB1-albumin adducts were quantified using isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess relationships between AFB1-albumin adduct levels and demographic factors. Biomarkers of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection were assessed by immunoassay and analyzed by Fisher's exact test. AFB1-albumin adducts were detected in 100% of participants, with a median of 8.4 pg/mg albumin (range, 0.2-814.8). Exposure was significantly higher (p<0.05) in male, rural, low-income, and less-educated participants than in female, urban, and higher socioeconomic status participants. Hepatitis B and C seropositivity was low (0.9% and 0.5%, respectively). Substantial AFB1 exposure exists in Guatemalan adults, concurrent with low prevalence of hepatitis virus seropositivity. Quantitatively, AFB1 exposures are similar to those previously found to increase risk for liver cancer in Asia and Africa. Mitigation of AFB1 exposure may reduce liver cancer incidence and mortality in Guatemala, warranting further investigation.
Subject(s)
Aflatoxin B1/toxicity , Environmental Exposure , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adult , Aflatoxin B1/blood , Aflatoxins/blood , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Albumins , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Guatemala/epidemiology , Hepatitis B/complications , Hepatitis C/complications , Humans , Incidence , Liver Neoplasms/complications , Male , Middle Aged , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
As aflatoxinas estäo entre os produtos metabólicos de natureza tóxica e säo produzidos por fungos do gênero Aspergillus. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo, verificar as possíveis alteraçöes da aflatoxicose através da avaliaçäo do hemograma, contagem de reticulócitos e mielograma em cäes. Foram utilizados vinte cäes (9 fêmeas e 11 machos), os quais foram divididos em dois grupos de dez animais. O grupo I recebeu 14g de aflatoxina/kg/dia e o grupo II 21g de aflatoxina/kg/dia, via oral, durante vinte dias. Após foram realizadas colheitas de sangue e medula óssea, a cada sete dias, durante seis semanas. Ambos os grupos apresentaram sinais clínicos de intoxicaçäo por aflatoxina, o hemograma e a contagem de reticulócitos näo demonstraram variaçöes significativas. No mielograma, observou-se acentuada diminuiçäo da série eritróide e do número de megacariócitos, aumento significativo da série mielóide e proporçäo mielóide: eritróide (M:E).
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Dogs , Aflatoxins/blood , Aflatoxins/toxicity , Carcinogens/toxicity , Blood Cell Count/veterinary , Reticulocyte Count/veterinary , Dog Diseases/chemically induced , Bone Marrow Examination/veterinaryABSTRACT
Está reconocido el valor de las aflatoxinas como agentes carcinogénicos, mutagénicos, teratogénico y su asociación con el virus de la hepatitis B. Por otra parte es asociada la incidencia del carcinoma hepatocelular en dicha infección viral, en vista de lo cual se realizó estudio de los niveles de aductos albúmina-aflatoxina en suero determinado por método de ELISA en niños entre 3 y 15 años del servicio de gastroenterología pediátrica del instituto nacional de gastoenterología de Cuba. Nuestra muestra estuvo constituida por 70 niños: 40 con diagnóstico de hepatitis crónica activa (HCA), 10 portadores de antígeno de superficie positivo del virus de la hepatitis B y 20 controles. En el grupo de HCA se obtuvieron un 32.5 por ciento de positivos con nivel máximo del 25 pg de lisina-aflatoxina/mg de albúmina, los portadores con un 20 por ciento (12.3 pg de lisina-AF/mg de albúmina) y los controles con 15 por ciento (5pg de lisina-AF/mg albúmina). Podemos observar que los niveles de aductos albúmina-aflatoxina de los pacientes de HCA presentaron valores de hasta 5 veces por encima de los controles. Este estudio sugiere la validez de los aductos de albúmina-aflatoxina como un marcador de exposición crónica a este cancerígeno y su importancia en relación con el virus de la hepatitis B
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Humans , Male , Female , Aflatoxins/blood , Aflatoxins/immunology , Aflatoxins/metabolism , Albumins/immunology , Hepatitis B/immunology , Carcinogens/supply & distribution , Carcinogens/toxicityABSTRACT
The value of aflatoxins is well known as a carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic, likewise its association with the hepatitis B virus. In addition, it is known the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in such viral infection. A study was performed on the albumin adducts-aflatoxins levels in sera determined by ELISA method of children within 3-15 years old at the Service of Pediatric Gastroenterology from the National Institute of Gastroenterology. Samples consisted of 40 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) B, 10 HBsAg+ carriers and 20 controls. The CAH group, showed a 32.5% of positiveness with a maximum levels of 25pg aflatoxin lysine/mg albumin while 20% of HBsAg positive carriers showed levels of un 12.3 pg aflatoxin lysine/mg albumin and 15% of the control group 5pg AF lysine/mg albumin. It can be observed that aflatoxin levels in patients of CAH presented values up to 5 times over the control group. This study suggest the validity of aflatoxin-albumin adducts as a marker of chronic exposure to this carcinogen and its importance in relation with the virus of hepatitis B.