[Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens in children with influenza-like illnesses in a children's hospital in Beijing from 2022 to 2023].

To investigate the status and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens infections in children with influenza-like illnesses (ILI) in Beijing Children's Hospital from 2022 to 2023. A dual amplification technique was used to detect nucleic acids of seven common respiratory pathogens, including influenza A virus (Flu A), influenza B virus (Flu B), mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), adenovirus (ADV), and Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP), in outpatient and inpatient children (aged 0-18 years) with influenza-like symptoms who sought medical care at Beijing Children's Hospital, from January 2022 to March 2023. A total of 43 663 children were included in the study, of which 27 903 tested positive for respiratory pathogens with a total detection rate of 63.91%. Flu A had the highest detection rate of 69.93% (27 332/39 084), followed by MP about 13.22% (380/2 875). The total detection rate of RSV, PIV and ADV was 7.69% (131/1 704). Flu B had a detection rate of 0.16% (64/39 084). No CP was detected in this study. A total of 7 cases of dual infections were detected, with a detection rate of 0.41% (7/1 704). The Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in detection rates of pathogens among different genders, age groups, and different seasons. Among the seven pathogens, only Flu A had statistically significant differences in gender (χ2=16.712, P<0.001). The detection rates of Flu A and MP showed an increasing trend with age (both P trend<0.001), while the detection rates of RSV and PIV showed a decreasing trend with age (both P trend<0.001). Flu A had its epidemic peak in winter and spring, with detection rates of 61.30% (3 907/6 374) and 77.47% (23 207/29 958) respectively; MP and PIV had higher detection rates in autumn (25.14% and 7.64% respectively); RSV showed a relatively higher detection rate in winter (8.69%); Flu B and ADV had lower detection rates throughout the study period (0.16% and 1.17% respectively). In conclusion, children with ILI in 2022-2023 were mainly infected with a single respiratory pathogen, and occasionally dual pathogen infections were observed. Among them, the detection rate of Flu A was the highest, and only Flu A showed a gender difference in detection rate. As the age of the children patients increased, the detection rate of Flu A and MP showed an increasing trend, while RSV and PIV showed a decreasing trend. The prevalence of Flu A, Flu B, MP, PIV, and RSV were seasonal.

Prevalence and characterization of foodborne pathogens isolated from fresh-cut fruits and vegetables in Beijing, China.

Pre-cut fresh fruits and vegetables are highly appealing to consumers for their convenience, however, as they are highly susceptible to microbial contamination in processing, the potential risks of foodborne illnesses to public health are not negligible. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characteristics of major foodborne pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella) isolated from fresh-cut fruits and vegetables in Beijing, China. 86 stains were isolated from 326 samples, with S. aureus being the highest prevalence (15.38 %), followed by E. coli (9.23 %) and L. monocytogenes (1.85 %), while no Salmonella was detected. The prevalence by type of food indicated that fruit trays and mixed vegetables were more susceptible to contamination by pathogens. 98 % of S. aureus were resistant to at least of one antibiotic, and showed a high resistance rate to benzylpenicillin (90 %) and oxacillin (48 %). Among 25 E. coli isolates, 57.67 % of which exhibited multi-drug resistance, with common resist to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (66.67 %) and ampicillin (63.33 %). A total of 9 sequence types (STs) and 8 spa types were identified in 35 S. aureus isolates, with ST398-t34 being the predominant type (42.86 %). Additionally, analysis of 25 E. coli isolates demonstrated significant heterogeneity, characterized by 22 serotypes and 18 STs. Genomic analysis revealed that 5 and 44 distinct antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Seven quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) mutations were identified in E. coli isolates, of which GyrA (S83L) was the most frequently detected. All the S. aureus and E. coli isolates harbored virulence genes. ARGs in S. aureus and E. coli showed a significant positive correlation with plasmids. Furthermore, one L. monocytogenes isolate, which was ST101 and serogroupIIc from watermelon sample, harbored virulence genes (inlA and inlB) and LIPI-1 pathogenic islands (prfA, plcA, hly and actA), which posed potential risks for consumer's health. This study focused on the potential microbial risk of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables associated with foodborne diseases, improving the scientific understanding towards risk assessment related to ready-to-eat foods.

Resurgence of seasonal influenza driven by A/H3N2 and B/Victoria in succession during the 2023-2024 season in Beijing showing increased population susceptibility.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions were introduced to reduce exposure to respiratory viruses. However, these measures may have led to an "immunity debt" that could make the population more vulnerable. The goal of this study was to examine the transmission dynamics of seasonal influenza in the years 2023-2024. Respiratory samples from patients with influenza-like illness were collected and tested for influenza A and B viruses. The electronic medical records of index cases from October 2023 to March 2024 were analyzed to determine their clinical and epidemiological characteristics. A total of 48984 positive cases were detected, with a pooled prevalence of 46.9% (95% CI 46.3-47.5). This season saw bimodal peaks of influenza activity, with influenza A peaked in week 48, 2023, and influenza B peaked in week 1, 2024. The pooled positive rates were 28.6% (95% CI 55.4-59.6) and 18.3% (95% CI 18.0-18.7) for influenza A and B viruses, respectively. The median values of instantaneous reproduction number were 5.5 (IQR 3.0-6.7) and 4.6 (IQR 2.4-5.5), respectively. The hospitalization rate for influenza A virus (2.2%, 95% CI 2.0-2.5) was significantly higher than that of influenza B virus (1.1%, 95% CI 0.9-1.4). Among the 17 clinical symptoms studied, odds ratios of 15 symptoms were below 1 when comparing influenza A and B positive inpatients, with headache, weakness, and myalgia showing significant differences. This study provides an overview of influenza dynamics and clinical symptoms, highlighting the importance for individuals to receive an annual influenza vaccine.

[Factors influencing cognitive function among the older adults in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the current status of cognitive function of the older adults in Beijing, and to analyze the factors affecting their cognitive function. METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire survy was conducted in 2023 among the older adults in Beijing. The cognitive function of the older adults was assessed with the Hong Kong brief cognitive test (HKBC) scale, a simple cognitive assessment tool. Using SPSS 27.0 to perform the descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis of factors, which affect cognitive function among the older adults. RESULTS: Totally 349 older adults were recruited, with the highest percentage of respondents aged 60-69 years (41.3%), of whom 58.7% were female, 88.0% of the respondents had a junior high school or above education level. Most of the older adults (68.8%) worked 35-48 h/week before they retired, and 14.0% of the older adults had a family history of dementia. After controlling age and gender, the linear regression analysis showed that marital status married (ß=0.501, 95%CI: 0.144-0.859) and 3-4 times physical activity per week (ß=0.617, 95%CI: 0.087-1.148) were protective factors of cognitive function in the older adults, and depressive symptoms were a risk factor (ß= -0.723, 95%CI: -1.198 to -0.247) of cognitive function for the older adults. CONCLUSION: In this study, the factors influencing cognitive function among the older adults was analyzed based on a life-cycle perspective. Lack of physical activity and depressive symptoms were risk factors for cognitive function among the older adults. It was suggested that strengthening physical activity, improving mental health of the older adults, as well as conducting preventive intervention in early stages of the life-cycle will be benefit for preventing and slowing cognitive decline in the older adults.

Characteristics of drug overdose suicide attempts presenting to the psychiatric emergency department of Beijing Anding Hospital.

BACKGROUND: Overdose-related suicide attempts represent a significant portion of self-harm presentations in the psychiatric emergency department (ED). Identifying specific patient characteristics associated with these attempts holds promise for pinpointing drug classes with elevated risk and paving the way for tailored suicide prevention interventions. This study aims to examine the demographic profiles of ED patients who had experienced overdose-related suicide attempts. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted at Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2020 to December 2021. Patients with psychiatric drug overdose suicide attempts presenting to the psychiatric ED were included. Sociodemographic characteristics and the specific classes of drugs involved were collected, and analysed descriptively. RESULTS: This study examined 252 overdose patients, excluding 51 patients treated with alcohol or nonpsychiatric drugs, and a total 201 cases were included. The mean age of the patients was 28 ± 16 years (median 23, range 12-78), and 82% (n = 165) of the sample were females. Notably, nearly half (45%) of the patients were aged ≤ 20 years. While the number of cases decreased with increasing age, a significant increase was observed in 2021 compared to 2020. Benzodiazepines (BZDs) were the most frequently implicated substance class (n = 126, 63%), followed by antidepressants (n = 96, 48%), antipsychotics (n = 44, 22%), Z-drugs (n = 43, 21%), and mood stabilizers (n = 36, 18%). For adolescents, antidepressants (n = 52, 71%) overtook BZDs (n = 38, 52%) as the most common drug. The monthly distribution of cases revealed peaks in April and November. Furthermore, 21% (n = 42) of patients ingested more than two psychotropic medications concurrently. Finally, approximately half (n = 92) of the patients required inpatient admission for further treatment. Comparisons between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients did not reveal any significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed a greater prevalence of suicide overdose attempts among young females receiving prescriptions for antidepressants and/or BZDs. This finding suggests a potential need for enhanced monitoring of suicidal behaviour in this specific population when prescribing psychotropic medications. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge regarding drug overdose suicide attempts in psychiatric emergency settings and underscore the importance of further research to develop targeted prevention interventions.

[Association between exposure to PM_(2.5) and chronic kidney disease in a population with metabolic syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between long-term fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) exposure and the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD) in people with abnormal metabolism syndrome(MS) components. METHODS: Based on health checkup data from a hospital in Beijing, a retrospective cohort study was used to collect annual checkup data from 2013-2019. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits. We measured blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, concentrations of triglycerides(TG), fasting glucose, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C). Longitude and latitude were also extracted from the addresses of the study subjects for pollutant exposure data estimation. Logistic regression models were used to explore the estimated effect of long-term PM_(2.5) exposure on the risk of CKD prevalence in people with abnormal MS components. Two-pollutant and multi-pollutant models were developed to test the stability of these result. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on age, the presence of MS, individual MS component abnormalities, and dual-component MS abnormalities. RESULTS: The study included 1540 study subjects with abnormal MS components at baseline, 206 with CKD during the study period. The association between long-term PM_(2.5) exposure and increased risk of CKD in people with abnormal MS fractions was statistically significant, with a 2.26-fold increase in risk of CKD for every 10 µg/m~3 increase in PM_(2.5) exposure(OR=3.26, 95% CI 2.72-3.90). The result in the dual-pollutant models and multi-pollutant models suggested that the association between long-term PM_(2.5) exposure and increased risk of CKD in people with abnormal MS fractions remained stable after controlling for contemporaneous confounding by other air pollutants. The result of subgroup analysis revealed that individuals aged 45 or older, without MS, with TG<1.7 mmol/L, HDL-C≥1.04 mmol/L, without hypertension, and with central obesity and high blood sugar had a stronger association between PM_(2.5) exposure and CKD-related health effects. CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to PM_(2.5) may increase the risk of CKD in people with abnormal MS components. More attention should be paid to middle-aged and elderly people aged ≥45 years, people with central obesity and hyperglycemia.

The abnormalities of free fatty acid metabolism in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a single-center retrospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown the importance of energy deficiency and malfunctioning mitochondria in the pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). There has been a little research into the relationship between plasma free fatty acids (FFA), one of the heart's main energy sources, and HCM. We evaluated its clinical importance in HCM to see if there was a link between plasma FFA metabolism and HCM. METHODS: In a single-center retrospective observational study, we investigated 420 HCM patients diagnosed at Beijing Anzhen Hospital between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022. Meanwhile, 1372 individuals without HCM (non-HCM) were recruited. 391 non-HCM patients were chosen as controls via a propensity score matching (PSM) study with a 1:1 ratio. RESULTS: FFA in HCM patients showed statistically significant correlations with creatinine (r = 0.115, p = 0.023), estimated GFR (r=-0.130, p = 0.010), BNP (r = 0.152, p = 0.007), LVEF (r=-0.227, p < 0.001), LVFS (r=-0.160, p = 0.002), and LAD (r = 0.112, p = 0.028). Higher FFA levels were found in HCM patients who had atrial fibrillation and NYHY functional classes III or IV (p = 0.015 and p = 0.022, respectively). In HCM patients, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that BNP and LVEF had independent relationships with increasing FFA (Standardized = 0.139, p = 0.013 and =-0.196, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Among HCM patients, the plasma FFA concentration was lower, and those with AF and NYHY functional class III or IV had higher FFA levels, and LVEF and BNP were independently associated with increasing FFA. The findings of the study should help inspire future efforts to better understand how energy deficiency contributes to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) development.

High-Frequency Recombination of Human Adenovirus in Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Beijing, China.

Recombination events in human adenovirus (HAdV) have led to some new highly pathogenic or infectious types. It is vital to monitor recombinant HAdVs, especially in children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs). In the retrospective study, HAdV positive specimens were collected from pediatric patients with ARIs during 2015 to 2021, then typed by sequence analysis of the penton base, hexon and fiber gene sequence. For those with inconsistent typing results, a modified method with species-specific primer sets of a fiber gene sequence was developed to distinguish co-infections of different types from recombinant HAdV infections. Then, plaque assays combined with meta-genomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) were used to reveal the HAdV genomic characteristics. There were 466 cases positive for HAdV DNA (2.89%, 466/16,097) and 350 (75.11%, 350/466) successfully typed with the most prevalent types HAdV-B3 (56.57%, 198/350) and HAdV-B7 (32.00%, 112/350), followed by HAdV-C1 (6.00%, 21/350). Among 35 cases (7.51%, 35/466) with inconsistent typing results, nine cases were confirmed as co-infections by different types of HAdVs, and 26 cases as recombinant HAdVs in six genetic patterns primarily clustered to species C (25 cases) in pattern 1-5, or species D (1 case) in pattern 6. The novel recombinant HAdV of species D was identified with multiple recombinant events among HAdV-D53, HAdV-D64, and HAdV-D8, and officially named as HAdV-D115. High-frequency recombination of HAdVs in six genetic recombination patterns were identified among children with ARIs in Beijing. Specifically, there is a novel Adenovirus D human/CHN/S8130/2023/115[P22H8F8] designed as HAdV D115.

Emerging trends of invasive yeast infections and azole resistance in Beijing intensive care units.

BACKGROUND: Invasive fungal infections pose a substantial threat to patients in healthcare settings globally. Recent changes in the prevalence of fungal species and challenges in conducting reference antifungal susceptibility testing emphasize the importance of monitoring fungi and their antifungal resistance. METHODS: A two-phase surveillance project was conducted in Beijing, China, involving 37 centres across 12 districts, from January 2012 to December 2013 and from January 2016 to December 2017. FINDINGS: We found that the proportion of Candida albicans in intensive care units (ICUs) during 2016-2017 exhibited a significant decline compared with the 2012-2013 period, although it remained the most predominant pathogen. In contrast, the prevalence of Nakaseomyces glabratus (formerly Candida glabrata) and Candida tropicalis notably increased during the two-phase surveillance. The high prevalence of C. tropicalis and its resistance to azole drugs posed a serious threat to patients in ICUs. The pathogens causing invasive fungal infections in Beijing were relatively sensitive to echinocandins. While C. albicans continued to exhibit susceptibility to azoles, the resistance and growth rates of C. tropicalis towards azoles were particularly prominent. Concerns were raised due to the emergence of multiple, short-term isolates of Clavispora lusitaniae and Candida parapsilosis complex in neonatal ICUs, given their similarity in antifungal susceptibilities. Such occurrences point towards the potential for transmission and persisting presence of these pathogens within the ICU environment. CONCLUSIONS: Our study complements existing data on the epidemiology of invasive fungal infections. It is imperative to exercise cautious medication management for ICU patients in Beijing, paying particular attention to azole resistance in C. tropicalis.

Associations of incident female breast cancer with long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents: Findings from a prospective cohort study in Beijing, China.

This study aimed to investigate the association between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its constituents (black carbon (BC), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), organic matter (OM), inorganic sulfate (SO42-)) and incident female breast cancer in Beijing, China. Data from a prospective cohort comprising 85,504 women enrolled in the National Urban Cancer Screening Program in Beijing (2013-2019) and the Tracking Air Pollution in China dataset are used. Monthly exposures were aggregated to calculate 5-year average concentrations to indicate long-term exposure. Cox models and mixture exposure models (weighted quantile sum, quantile-based g-computation, and explanatory machine learning model) were employed to analyze the associations. Findings indicated increased levels of PM2.5 and its constituents were associated with higher breast cancer risk, with hazard ratios per 1-µg/m3 increase of 1.02 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.03), 1.39 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.65), 1.28 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.46), 1.15 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.24), 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.08), and 1.15 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.23) for PM2.5, BC, NH4+, NO3-, OM, and SO42-, respectively. Exposure-response curves demonstrated a monotonic risk increase without an evident threshold. Mixture exposure models highlighted BC and SO42- as key factors, underscoring the importance of reducing emissions of these pollutants.

Prevalence and characterization of community-associated Staphylococcus aureus isolates from human mastitis in Beijing, China.

OBJECTIVES: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) spreads worldwide and occurrence of mastitis caused by it holds significant implications for public health. We aim to reveal the molecular typing, antibiotic resistance and virulence gene profile of S. aureus causing mastitis through investigation. METHODS: A total of 200 isolates of S. aureus were collected from outpatients infected with mastitis in a hospital in Beijing from 2020.7 to 2021.7. The molecular characteristics were analyzed by MLST and spa typing, virulence genes were screened by PCR, antibiotic susceptible test was performed by VITEK® 2 Compact system and phylogenetic analysis was performed by MEGA11 and iTOL. RESULTS: Nineteen sequence types (STs) belonging to 9 clone complexes (CCs) were identified. ST22 was the most dominant clone (77.0%, 154/200). MRSA accounted for 19.0% (38/200) and 89.5% (34/38) of MRSA isolates belonged to CC22 and CC59. The isolates had relatively low levels of antibiotic resistance, with the exception of ß-lactams and macrolides with resistance rates above 50.0%. The carrying rate of pvl in the ST22-MRSA strains were 84.2% and the detection rates of seb and pvl in the MRSA isolates were significantly higher than those in the MSSA isolates, while the hlg, fnbA and sdrD showed opposite results. Whole genome sequenced specimens of MRSA strains X4 and B5 show the same evolutionary origin as ST22 EMRSA-15 (HE681097), which is popular in Europe. CONCLUSIONS: The method based on molecular epidemiology is an important tool for tracking the spread of S. aureus infections. We need to be alert to the major MRSA clones CC22 and CC59 in the region and be vigilant to the possible pandemic and spread of ST22 EMRSA-15.

Global climate change: Effects of future temperatures on emergency department visits for mental disorders in Beijing, China.

Rising temperatures can increase the risk of mental disorders. As climate change intensifies, the future disease burden due to mental disorders may be underestimated. Using data on the number of daily emergency department visits for mental disorders at 30 hospitals in Beijing, China during 2016-2018, the relationship between daily mean temperature and such visits was assessed using a quasi-Poisson model integrated with a distributed lag nonlinear model. Emergency department visits for mental disorders attributed to temperature changes were projected using 26 general circulation models under four climate change scenarios. Stratification analyses were then conducted by disease subtype, sex, and age. The results indicate that the temperature-related health burden from mental disorders was projected to increase consistently throughout the 21st century, mainly driven by high temperatures. The future temperature-related health burden was higher for patients with mental disorders due to the use of psychoactive substances and schizophrenia as well as for women and those aged <65 years. These findings enhance our knowledge of how climate change could affect mental well-being and can be used to advance and refine targeted approaches to mitigating and adapting to climate change with a view on addressing mental disorders.

Long- and Intermediate-Term Ambient Particulate Pollution Is Associated with Increased Osteoarthritis Risk: A Population-Based Prospective Analysis.

Recent studies found the intrusion and retention of exogenous fine particles into joints, but epidemiological data for long- and intermediate-term exposure associations are scare. Here, all urban working, retired employee, and rural residents (16.78 million) in Beijing from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2019 were included to investigate the effects of long- and intermediate-term ambient particulate exposure on development of osteoarthritis. We identified 1,742,067 participants as first-visit patients with osteoarthritis. For each interquartile range increase in annual PM2.5 (23.32 µg/m3) and PM10 (23.92 µg/m3) exposure concentration, the pooled hazard ratios were respectively 1.238 (95% CI: 1.228, 1.249) and 1.178 (95% CI: 1.168, 1.189) for first osteoarthritis outpatient visits. Moreover, age at first osteoarthritis outpatient visits significantly decreased by 4.52 (95% CI: 3.45 to 5.40) days per µg/m3 for annual PM2.5 exposure at below 67.85 µg/m3. Finally, among the six constituents analyzed, black carbon appears to be the most important component associated with the association between PM2.5 exposure and the three osteoarthritis-related outcomes.

Postpartum depression and risk factors among working women one year after delivery in Beijing, China: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common mental illness affecting women after childbirth, and working mothers may be faced with unique challenges. This study aimed to examine the depression status among working postpartum women in 1 year of childbirth and explore the relationship between occupational factors and PPD in urban Beijing, China. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 554 postpartum women was conducted among ten community health service centers in six urban districts of Beijing, China. Sociodemographic, occupational, childbirth and postpartum information were collected. Depression status was obtained using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) was assessed in relation to occupational characteristics, and influencing factors were analyzed through logistic regression. Results: Of the postpartum women, 29.42% met the criteria for depression. PPD prevalence was significantly higher among women employed in commercial enterprises (39.81%). The analysis of influencing factors showed that age, family or personal monthly income, maternity leave, feeding methods, and postpartum care affected the psychological health of occupational women after childbirth. Conclusion: PPD prevalence is notably elevated among women employed in commercial enterprises, and specific risk factors contribute to its occurrence. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address these risk factors and prevent PPD in this population.

Major changes in prevalence and genotypes of rotavirus diarrhea in Beijing, China after RV5 rotavirus vaccine introduction.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of group A rotavirus (RVA) diarrhea in Beijing between 2019 and 2022 and evaluate the effectiveness of the RV5 vaccine. Stool specimens were collected from patients with acute diarrhea, and RVA was detected and genotyped. The whole genome of RVA was sequenced by fragment amplification and Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the characteristics of RVA diarrhea. Test-negative design was used to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the RV5. Compared with 2011-2018, RVA-positive rates in patients with acute diarrhea under 5 years of age and adults decreased significantly between 2019 and 2022, to 9.45% (249/634) and 3.66% (220/6016), respectively. The predominant genotype of RVA had changed from G9-VIP[8]-III between 2019 and 2021 to G8-VP[8]-III in 2022, and P[8] sequences from G8-VP[8]-III strains formed a new branch called P[8]-IIIb. The complete genotype of G8-VP[8]-III was G8-P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2. The VE of 3 doses of RV5 was 90.4% (95% CI: 28.8%-98.7%) against RVA diarrhea. The prevalence of RVA decreased in Beijing between 2019 and 2022, and the predominant genotype changed to G8P[8], which may be related to RV5 vaccination. Continuous surveillance is necessary to evaluate vaccine effectiveness and improve vaccine design.

Epidemiological characteristics of neuroendocrine neoplasms in Beijing: a population-based retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) is rising rapidly worldwide. However, there are few reports on these heterogeneous diseases in China. Our study aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of NENs in Beijing. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using population-based cancer surveillance data in Beijing, China. All data were extracted from the Beijing Cancer Registry with incidence dates from 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2018; the follow-up period was through 31 December 2021. Segi's world standard population was used to estimate the age-standardized rate. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: From 1998 to 2018, the incidence of NENs in Beijing initially showed a significant increasing trend, from 1.07/100,000 to 3.53/100,000; this began to plateau after 2013. The age-specific incidence rate increased with age and peaked in the age group 70-74 years. The incidence in men was significantly higher than that in women (4.41/100,000 vs. 1.69/100,000). The most common sites of NENs were the lung (2.38/100,000) and rectum (0.14/100,000). Most NENs were diagnosed at a late stage. We found that NENs originating from the lung had worse overall survival than extrapulmonary NENs, and male patients had worse survival than female patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study retrospectively analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of NENs in Beijing from 1998 to 2018. Our findings provide a reference regarding the epidemiological statistics of NENs in Beijing to contribute to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these specific tumors.

Lag effect of ambient temperature on respiratory emergency department visits in Beijing: a time series and pooled analysis.

BACKGROUND: Although the association between ambient temperature and mortality of respiratory diseases was numerously documented, the association between various ambient temperature levels and respiratory emergency department (ED) visits has not been well studied. A recent investigation of the association between respiratory ED visits and various levels of ambient temperature was conducted in Beijing, China. METHODS: Daily meteorological data, air pollution data, and respiratory ED visits data from 2017 to 2018 were collected in Beijing. The relationship between ambient temperature and respiratory ED visits was explored using a distributed lagged nonlinear model (DLNM). Then we performed subgroup analysis based on age and gender. Finally, meta-analysis was utilized to aggregate the total influence of ambient temperature on respiratory ED visits across China. RESULTS: The single-day lag risk for extreme cold peaked at a relative risk (RR) of 1.048 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.009, 1.088] at a lag of 21 days, with a long lag effect. As for the single-day lag risk for extreme hot, a short lag effect was shown at a lag of 7 days with an RR of 1.076 (95% CI: 1.038, 1.114). The cumulative lagged effects of both hot and cold effects peaked at lag 0-21 days, with a cumulative risk of the onset of 3.690 (95% CI: 2.133, 6.382) and 1.641 (95% CI: 1.284, 2.098), respectively, with stronger impact on the hot. Additionally, the elderly were more sensitive to ambient temperature. The males were more susceptible to hot weather than the females. A longer cold temperature lag effect was found in females. Compared with the meta-analysis, a pooled effect of ambient temperature was consistent in general. In the subgroup analysis, a significant difference was found by gender. CONCLUSIONS: Temperature level, age-specific, and gender-specific effects between ambient temperature and the number of ED visits provide information on early warning measures for the prevention and control of respiratory diseases.