Controle alternativo do míldio da videira com extrato aquoso de cinamomo e óleo vegetal / Alternative control of downy mildew with aqueous extracts of chinaberry and vegetable oil

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do extrato aquoso de cinamomo (Melia azederach) no controle de Plasmopara viticola. Para o teste de germinação de esporângios do oomiceto foram utilizadas as concentrações de 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 mL L-1 de extrato aquoso de cinamomo (EC), além dos tratamentos com mancozebe e calda bordalesa. No experimento em casa de vegetação e a campo foram estudadas as concentrações de 0, 30, 40 e 50 mL L-1 de EC (1:10 p/v), além de um tratamento com calda bordalesa (1:1:100). No segundo experimento, em condições de campo, os tratamentos foram: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 mL L-1 de EC, acrescidos de óleo vegetal a 2,5 mL L-1, calda bordalesa e testemunha absoluta. No teste de germinação, verificou-se maior inibição de P. viticola às 2 horas após a incubação, para as concentrações de 20 e 25 mL L-1 de EC com uma redução de 66,5 e 62,0%, respectivamente. Em condições de casa de vegetação o EC a 40 e 50 mL L-¹ apresentou reduções de 70,0% e 86,0% da doença, respectivamente. Enquanto que as mesmas concentrações, no primeiro ciclo do experimento a campo, apresentaram um decréscimo de 34,0% e 31,0%, respectivamente. No segundo ciclo, o uso de óleo vegetal como adjuvante mascarou o efeito do EC e a aplicação isolada de óleo vegetal reduziu em 76,3% a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD), similar aos resultados obtidos com todas as concentrações de EC e com a calda bordalesa.

ALTERNATIVE CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW WITH AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF CHINABERRY AND VEGETABLE OIL. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of chinaberry (Melia azedarach) in the control of Plasmopara viticola. For the germination test of sporangia of the oomycete, concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mL L-1 of aqueous extract of chinaberry (EC) were used, as well as treatments with mancozeb and bordeaux mixture. The experiment in the greenhouse and field involved concentrations of 0, 30, 40 and 50 mL L-1 of EC (1:10 w/v) and a treatment with bordeaux mixture (1:1:100 ). In the second experiment in the field the treatments were: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mL L-1 of EC with an added 2.5 mL L-1 of vegetable oil, the bordeaux mixture and an absolute control. In the germination test, there was highest inhibition of P. viticola at 2 hours after incubation at 20° C, for the 20 and 25 mL L-1 concentrations of the EC, with a reduction of 66.5 and 62.0%, respectively. In the greenhouse conditions, the EC at a concentration of 40 and 50 mL L-1 showed a reduction of 70.0% and 86.0% of the disease, respectively, while the same concentrations in the first cycle of the field experiment showed a decrease of 34.0% and 31.0%, respectively. However, in the second cycle, the use of vegetable oil as an adjunct masked the effect of the EC, and the isolated application of vegetable oil decreased the area under the disease progress curve (ADPC) by 76.3%, similar to results obtained with all concentrations of EC and with the bordeaux mixture.

Controle alternativo do míldio da videira com extrato aquoso de cinamomo e óleo vegetal / Alternative control of downy mildew with aqueous extracts of chinaberry and vegetable oil

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do extrato aquoso de cinamomo (Melia azederach) no controle de Plasmopara viticola. Para o teste de germinação de esporângios do oomiceto foram utilizadas as concentrações de 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 mL L-1 de extrato aquoso de cinamomo (EC), além dos tratamentos com mancozebe e calda bordalesa. No experimento em casa de vegetação e a campo foram estudadas as concentrações de 0, 30, 40 e 50 mL L-1 de EC (1:10 p/v), além de um tratamento com calda bordalesa (1:1:100). No segundo experimento, em condições de campo, os tratamentos foram: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 mL L-1 de EC, acrescidos de óleo vegetal a 2,5 mL L-1, calda bordalesa e testemunha absoluta. No teste de germinação, verificou-se maior inibição de P. viticola às 2 horas após a incubação, para as concentrações de 20 e 25 mL L-1 de EC com uma redução de 66,5 e 62,0%, respectivamente. Em condições de casa de vegetação o EC a 40 e 50 mL L-¹ apresentou reduções de 70,0% e 86,0% da doença, respectivamente. Enquanto que as mesmas concentrações, no primeiro ciclo do experimento a campo, apresentaram um decréscimo de 34,0% e 31,0%, respectivamente. No segundo ciclo, o uso de óleo vegetal como adjuvante mascarou o efeito do EC e a aplicação isolada de óleo vegetal reduziu em 76,3% a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD), similar aos resultados obtidos com todas as concentrações de EC e com a calda bordalesa. (AU)

ALTERNATIVE CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW WITH AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF CHINABERRY AND VEGETABLE OIL. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of chinaberry (Melia azedarach) in the control of Plasmopara viticola. For the germination test of sporangia of the oomycete, concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mL L-1 of aqueous extract of chinaberry (EC) were used, as well as treatments with mancozeb and bordeaux mixture. The experiment in the greenhouse and field involved concentrations of 0, 30, 40 and 50 mL L-1 of EC (1:10 w/v) and a treatment with bordeaux mixture (1:1:100 ). In the second experiment in the field the treatments were: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mL L-1 of EC with an added 2.5 mL L-1 of vegetable oil, the bordeaux mixture and an absolute control. In the germination test, there was highest inhibition of P. viticola at 2 hours after incubation at 20° C, for the 20 and 25 mL L-1 concentrations of the EC, with a reduction of 66.5 and 62.0%, respectively. In the greenhouse conditions, the EC at a concentration of 40 and 50 mL L-1 showed a reduction of 70.0% and 86.0% of the disease, respectively, while the same concentrations in the first cycle of the field experiment showed a decrease of 34.0% and 31.0%, respectively. However, in the second cycle, the use of vegetable oil as an adjunct masked the effect of the EC, and the isolated application of vegetable oil decreased the area under the disease progress curve (ADPC) by 76.3%, similar to results obtained with all concentrations of EC and with the bordeaux mixture. (AU)

The effects of cinnamon powder feeding on some blood metabolites in broiler chicks

The effect of cinnamon powder (CNP) feeding on some blood metabolites in broiler chicks was studied in a 49-day experiment. The feeding program consisted of a starter diet until day 21, a grower diet until day 42 and a finisher diet until day 49. There were five treatments: a negative control diet, without the additive (control: T1); 250 mg/kg (T2); 500 mg/kg (T3); 1000 mg/kg (T4); and 2000 mg/kg (T5) of CNP in the diet. A total of 320 one-day-old mixed-sex broilers (Ross 308) were distributed into 16 pens with 20 chickens each, comprising 3 replicates per treatment (except for T1, which had 4 replicates). Serum glucose was measured weekly and reported periodically. At the end of the experiment serum cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were determined. There were no significant differences among treatments regarding broiler performance and carcass characteristics, except for the finisher phase, when T2 resulted in a significant decrease in feed conversion ratio and weight gain (p<0.05). In the lowest level of cinnamon supplementation (T2), a significant increase in glucose level in starter, finisher and overall rearing period was observed, as well as an increase in triglyceride levels at the finisher phase as compared to T4 and T5 (p<0/05). However, cholesterol, AST and ALT levels were not statistically different among treatments. Therefore, it was concluded that the use of cinnamon powder can affect on some blood metabolites and broiler performance.

The effects of cinnamon powder feeding on some blood metabolites in broiler chicks

The effect of cinnamon powder (CNP) feeding on some blood metabolites in broiler chicks was studied in a 49-day experiment. The feeding program consisted of a starter diet until day 21, a grower diet until day 42 and a finisher diet until day 49. There were five treatments: a negative control diet, without the additive (control: T1); 250 mg/kg (T2); 500 mg/kg (T3); 1000 mg/kg (T4); and 2000 mg/kg (T5) of CNP in the diet. A total of 320 one-day-old mixed-sex broilers (Ross 308) were distributed into 16 pens with 20 chickens each, comprising 3 replicates per treatment (except for T1, which had 4 replicates). Serum glucose was measured weekly and reported periodically. At the end of the experiment serum cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were determined. There were no significant differences among treatments regarding broiler performance and carcass characteristics, except for the finisher phase, when T2 resulted in a significant decrease in feed conversion ratio and weight gain (p<0.05). In the lowest level of cinnamon supplementation (T2), a significant increase in glucose level in starter, finisher and overall rearing period was observed, as well as an increase in triglyceride levels at the finisher phase as compared to T4 and T5 (p<0/05). However, cholesterol, AST and ALT levels were not statistically different among treatments. Therefore, it was concluded that the use of cinnamon powder can affect on some blood metabolites and broiler performance.(AU)