Single-Ion Magnetism of the [DyIII(hfac)4]- Anions in the Crystalline Semiconductor {TSeT1.5}●+[DyIII(hfac)4]- Containing Weakly Dimerized Stacks of Tetraselenatetracene.

The oxidation of tetraselenatetracene (TSeT) by tetracyanoquinodimethane in the presence of dysprosium(III) tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonate), DyIII(hfac)3, produces black crystals of {TSeT1.5}●+[DyIII(hfac)4]- (1) salt, which combines conducting and magnetic sublattices. It contains one-dimensional stacks composed of partially oxidized TSeT molecules (formal averaged charge is +2/3). Dimers and monomers can be outlined within these stacks with charge and spin density redistribution. The spin triplet state of the dimers is populated above 128 K with an estimated singlet-triplet energy gap of 542 K, whereas spins localized on the monomers show paramagnetic behavior. A semiconducting behavior is observed for 1 with the activation energy of 91 meV (measured by the four-probe technique for an oriented single crystal). The DyIII ions coordinate four hfac- anions in [DyIII(hfac)4]-, providing D2d symmetry. Slow magnetic relaxation is observed for DyIII under an applied static magnetic field of 1000 Oe, and 1 is a single-ion magnet (SIM) with spin reversal barrier Ueff = 40.2 K and magnetic hysteresis at 2 K. Contributions from DyIII and TSeT●+ paramagnetic species are seen in EPR. The DyIII ion rarely manifests EPR signals, but such signal is observed in 1. It appears due to narrowing below 30 K and has g4 = 6.1871 and g5 = 2.1778 at 5.4 K.

The effect of SiO2 crystallization in enhancing the luminescence of Dy3+-Sm3+ co-doped glass ceramics for cool white light application.

The present work investigates the structural and luminescence behaviour of Dy3+-Sm3+ co-doped glass ceramics obtained through heat treatment of precursor glasses. The growth of SiO2 polycrystalline particles and evolution of these crystallites in the glass domain are witnessed via XRD and FESEM study. The presence of network vibrational bands, hydroxyl groups and the increased quantity of bridging oxygens (BOs) in glass ceramics are analysed through FTIR spectroscopy study. The absorption study (UV-Visible-NIR) showed the possible electronic transitions of Dy3+ and Sm3+ ions. The red shift in the absorption band edges and the lower bandgap values are obtained as a result of improved heat treatment in glass ceramics. Emission studies show the enhanced luminescence intensity of glass ceramics under 350 and 402 nm excitations. Decay measurement of glass ceramics showed the improved lifetimes of Dy3+ and Sm3+ ions to have appeared in microseconds (×10-6 s). The colour characteristics of glass ceramics analysed using CIE colour chromaticity diagram and correlated colour temperature (CCT) values suggest the neutral to cool white light emissions. Therefore, prepared glass ceramics with SiO2 polycrystalline phase are considered to be suitable materials in cool white LEDs applications.

High-efficiency dysprosium-ion extraction enabled by a biomimetic nanofluidic channel.

Biological ion channels exhibit high selectivity and permeability of ions because of their asymmetrical pore structures and surface chemistries. Here, we demonstrate a biomimetic nanofluidic channel (BNC) with an asymmetrical structure and glycyl-L-proline (GLP) -functionalization for ultrafast, selective, and unidirectional Dy3+ extraction over other lanthanide (Ln3+) ions with very similar electronic configurations. The selective extraction mainly depends on the amplified chemical affinity differences between the Ln3+ ions and GLPs in nanoconfinement. In particular, the conductivities of Ln3+ ions across the BNC even reach up to two orders of magnitude higher than in a bulk solution, and a high Dy3+/Nd3+ selectivity of approximately 60 could be achieved. The designed BNC can effectively extract Dy3+ ions with ultralow concentrations and thereby purify Nd3+ ions to an ultimate content of 99.8 wt.%, which contribute to the recycling of rare earth resources and environmental protection. Theoretical simulations reveal that the BNC preferentially binds to Dy3+ ion due to its highest affinity among Ln3+ ions in nanoconfinement, which attributes to the coupling of ion radius and coordination matching. These findings suggest that BNC-based ion selectivity system provides alternative routes to achieving highly efficient lanthanide separation.

Evaluation of uncertainty in personal dose measured using CaSO4:Dy-based TLD badge at different workplaces.

The metrological quality of a measurement is characterised by evaluating the uncertainty in the measurement. In this paper, uncertainty in personal dose measured using individual monitoring CaSO4:Dy-based thermoluminescence dosimeter badge is evaluated by application of the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement method. The present dose reporting quantity, whole body dose (WBD) and the proposed quantity, personal dose equivalent, Hp(10) has been used as measurands. The influence of various input quantities on the measurement were analyzed through tests that conform to the requirements of the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC 62387. The study found that the expanded uncertainties for WBD and Hp(10) measurements were 63.4% and 41.4%, respectively, corresponding to a 95% coverage probability for workplace fields covering a wide photon energy range (33-1250 keV). However, the uncertainty estimates were quite lower for the type of workplaces that are identified using the dose evaluation algorithm. The input quantities, namely, the response to a mixture of photon beam qualities and photon energy and angular dependence contribute the most to the total uncertainty.

Opportunity for a greener recovery of dysprosium(III) from secondary sources by a novel Mannich reaction-modified phosphorylated chitosan hydrogel.

The depleting supply of natural sources of rare earth elements (REE) is a concern to many nations as demand for advanced technology is becoming vital for national security. In this communication, the recovery of dysprosium(III) from aqueous systems was exemplified by a modified phosphorylated chitosan (PCs/MB) prepared by the C-Mannich reaction of phosphorylated chitosan, glutaraldehyde, and 4-hydroxycoumarin in ethanolic solution. Batch adsorption studies achieved a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 34 mg/g at 25 °C and pH = 5.4 for 2 h. Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy, elemental mapping, and quantitative analyses revealed ion-exchange mechanism with C6-phosphate and a synergistic complexation with the amino group between two hexose units of the chitosan chain confirming the correlation provided by the pseudo-second order kinetics (R2 = 0.9996), extrapolated mean free energy of adsorption (Eads) of 12.9 kJ/mol from the corrected Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm, and the extrapolated enthalpy of adsorption (ΔH0ads) of -42.4 kJ/mol from the linearized Van't Hoff plot. Competitive adsorption with iron(II), cerium(III), and neodymium(III) demonstrated preferential removal of dysprosium(III) and complete exclusion of iron(II), which illustrates potential application in the separation of REE from electronic wastes.

What are exposure biomarkers of rare earth elements for the ionic rare earth occupational population?

Rare earth elements (REEs) are widely utilized in industries. However, The specific exposure features of REEs and potential biomarkers of exposure in occupational populations remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the external and internal REEs exposure levels among the participants working in the ionic rare earth smelting plant. For the external exposure, the concentrations of 14 REEs and total rare earth elements (ΣREEs) in airborne particles were significantly elevated in the REEs-exposed versus non-exposed group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the levels of Yttrium (Y), Gadolinium (Gd), Terbium (Tb), Dysprosium (Dy), Holmium (Ho), Thulium (Tm), Ytterbium (Yb), and ΣREEs in urine were higher in the REEs-exposed group compared to the non-exposed group (P < 0.05). Notably, a significant positive correlation was observed between Y in both the airborne particles and urine samples as well as Gd, and the Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.53 and 0.39 respectively, both P < 0.05. Conversely, no statistically significant differences were found in the levels of 15 REEs or ΣREEs in the blood samples between the REEs-exposed group and non-exposed group. Moreover, the concentrations of ΣREEs and 9 REEs in nail samples of the exposed group were significantly higher than those of the non-exposed group (P < 0.05), and the composition ratios of REEs in the nail samples closely resembled those found in individual airborne particles. Therefore, nail and urine samples were proposed to reflect long-term and short-term exposure to ionic rare earth respectively. Exposure biomarkers confirmed by external and internal exposure characteristics accurately provide the situation of human exposure to REEs environment, and have profound significance for monitoring and evaluating the level of REEs pollution in human body. It also provides a vital basis to find out the effect biomarkers, susceptible biomarkers and the health effects of rare earth environment for the future research.

Novel phosphate functionalized sodium alginate hydrogel for efficient adsorption and separation of Nd and Dy from Co.

The recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) including neodymium (Nd) and dysprosium (Dy) from NdFeB permanent magnets has become one of the main ways to solve the increased demand for rare earth. Herein, n-dodecyl phosphate (DPPA) was used for the first time as the adsorption functional group donor, sodium alginate as the substrate, and calcium chloride solution as the reactive solvent, a hybrid hydrogel adsorbent DPPA/CaALG was synthesized by sol-gel method for application in the adsorption and separation of Nd and Dy from the Co-Nd-Dy ternary system. SEM-EDS, and N2 adsorption-desorption analysis showed the successful preparation of DDPA/CaALG with mesoporous structure. Batch experiments showed the superiority of the hybrid hydrogel for the good selective adsorption of Nd and Dy, such as large adsorption capacity (Nd: 162.5 mg/g, Dy: 183.5 mg/g), and no adsorption for Co. FT-IR, XPS showed that PO and P-O groups are involved in the adsorption process of Nd and Dy as electron acceptors, where the ion exchange of P-OH is dominant. Furthermore, the chemical properties of ligands and complexes were analyzed by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and revealed their adsorption behaviors as well as the competition between different metal ions.

Magnetocaloric effect modeling of dysprosium-transition metal based intermetallic alloys for magnetic refrigeration application using hybrid genetic algorithm based support vector regression intelligent method.

Intermetallic alloy containing rare earth dysprosium ions with the associated unfilled 4f shell electrons and sub-lattice of 3d-transition metal, results into fascinating magnetic properties which are useful for green refrigeration technological application. Magnetocaloric effect remains the fundamental principle upon which magnetic refrigeration technology is based while this cooling technology has advantages of cost effectiveness, high efficiency and environmental friendliness as compared with the existing conventional gas compression systems. Maximum magnetic entropy change (which controls the hugeness of magnetocaloric effect) of intermetallic alloy Dy-T-X (where T = transition metal and X = any other metal or nonmetal) is modeled in this work using hybrid genetic algorithm based support vector regression (GSVR) computational intelligent method with applied magnetic field, ionic concentration and ionic radii descriptors. The developed GSVR-G model with kernel Gaussian function outperforms GSVR-P model with polynomial function with improvement of 85.23%, 78.82% and 78.67% on the basis of the computed correlation coefficient (CC), mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) on testing sample, respectively. The developed model further investigates the influence of applied external magnetic field on magnetocaloric effect of DyCuAl intermetallic alloy. The developed models in this work circumvent experimental challenges of magnetocaloric effect determination while the recorded precision of the developed model further opens doors for possible exploration of these intermetallic compounds for addressing environmental challenges associated with the present system of cooling.

Biodegradable Zn-5Dy Alloy with Enhanced Osteo/Angio-Genic Activity and Osteointegration Effect via Regulation of SIRT4-Dependent Mitochondrial Function.

Zinc (Zn)-dysprosium (Dy) binary alloys are promising biodegradable bone fracture fixation implants owing to their attractive biodegradability and mechanical properties. However, their clinical application is a challenge for bone fracture healing, due to the lack of Zn-Dy alloys with tailored proper bio-mechanical and osteointegration properties for bone regeneration. A Zn-5Dy alloy with high strength and ductility and a degradation rate aligned with the bone remodeling cycle is developed. Here, mechanical stability is further confirmed, proving that Zn-5Dy alloy can resist aging in the degradation process, thus meeting the mechanical requirements of fracture fixation. In vitro cellular experiments reveal that the Zn-5Dy alloy enhances osteogenesis and angiogenesis by elevating SIRT4-mediated mitochondrial function. In vivo Micro-CT, SEM-EDS, and immunohistochemistry analyses further indicate good biosafety, suitable biodegradation rate, and great osteointegration of Zn-5Dy alloy during bone healing, which also depends on the upregulation of SIRT4-mediated mitochondrial events. Overall, the study is the first to report a Zn-5Dy alloy that exerts remarkable osteointegration properties and has a strong potential to promote bone healing. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of mitochondrial modulation and shall guide the future development of mitochondria-targeting materials in enhancing bone fracture healing.

Synthesis and characterization of high-sensitivity Dy,Eu co-doped CaSO4 thermoluminescent phosphor using coprecipitation technique.

In this work, (99 - x)CaSO4 -Dy2 O3 -xEu2 O3 , (where x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) thermoluminescence phosphors were prepared using a coprecipitation method. The thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetry (TLD) characteristics such as TL sensitivity, dose-response, minimum detectable dose, thermal fading, and the effect of sunlight on the prepared phosphors were investigated. The obtained results indicated that the most sensitive phosphor was obtained at x = 0.05. Large thermal fading of 6% after 1 h and 26% after 24 h from irradiation followed by 71% after 1 month with no additional fading was observed within a time frame exceeding 2 months throughout the remaining duration of the investigation, which also spanned over 2 months. Despite the phosphor's high fading rate, the relative sensitivity of the prepared samples was ~90% compared with TLD-100. The marked effect of day sunlight was also determined. High dose-response within the low-dose range from 0.01 to 5 Gy was observed. The obtained results suggested that the synthesized phosphor is well suited for applications involving radiation biology and radiotherapy dosimetry.

Tunable warm white light emission and energy transfer of Dy3+ co-doped Sr2 LaZrO5.5 :Eu3+ phosphors.

Eu3+ ,Dy3+ co-doped Sr2 LaZrO5.5 -based phosphors were prepared through a sol-gel method. Through characterization, it was found that the Sr2 LaZrO5.5 -based fluorescent powder co-doped with Eu3+ and Dy3+ had a cubic structure. At an excitation wavelength of 290 nm, the substrate Sr2 LaZrO5.5 exhibited strong blue emission at 468 nm, and the Sr2 LaZrO5.5 :18%Eu3+ phosphor exhibited a strong red emission peak at 612 nm. When the doping amount of Dy3+ was 5, 8, 12, 15, or 18%, the Sr2 LaZrO5.5 :18%Eu3+ phosphor changed from an orange-red light, to a warm white light, and to a cold white light. According to the emission spectra, the emission intensities of the substrates Sr2 LaZrO5.5 and Sr2 LaZrO5.5 :Eu3+ decreased with increasing Dy3+ concentration, confirming the energy transfer between the host Sr2 LaZrO5.5 -Eu3+ ,Dy3+ , and resulting in a lower CCT value, with significantly improved white light emission.

Material Flow Analysis of Dysprosium in the United States.

Dysprosium (Dy) is increasingly being adopted in various clean energy products around the world, intriguing many nations' interests in its availability. However, since data are inaccessible, crucial information about Dy supplies and demands across products and countries remains incomplete. To fill these knowledge gaps, we performed a dynamic bottom-up material flow analysis of Dy, taking the United States (1987-2018) as a case. The results show that the United States (US) domestic demands experienced a growing trend (by 45-fold) with fluctuation and several shifts among applications, primarily owing to technological advancement. A large imbalance (80 times) exists between domestic mineral supplies and market demands, resulting in significant import dependency, with the net import reliance of alloys, chemicals, finished products, and concentrates being 97, 44, 40, and 31%, respectively. Dy is mainly imported as finished products (55.7%) and alloys (43.2%), with concentrates (0.4%) and chemicals (0.7%) accounting for less than 2%. This import dependency may result from fragmentation of the US supply chains because of the stricter environmental regulations on upstream industries and reshoring of the downstream industries. These findings suggest that rare-earth mineral production in the US is about to restart, and it is important for industries to seek international collaboration to boost product competition.

Exploring the Biomedical Potential of PLA/Dysprosium Phosphate Composites via Extrusion-Based 3D Printing: Design, Morphological, Mechanical, and Multimodal Imaging and Finite Element Modeling.

The present investigation demonstrates the feasibility of dysprosium phosphate (DyPO4) as an efficient additive in polylactide (PLA) to develop 3D printed scaffolds through the material extrusion (MEX) principle for application in bone tissue engineering. Initially, uniform sized particles of DyPO4 with tetragonal crystal setting are obtained and subsequently blended with different concentrations of PLA to extrude in the form of filaments. A maximum of 20 wt % DyPO4 in PLA matrix has been successfully drawn to yield a defect free filament. The resultant filaments were 3D printed through material extrusion methodology. The structural and morphological analysis confirmed the successful reinforcement of DyPO4 throughout the PLA matrix in all of the 3D printed components. All of the PLA/DyPO4 composites exhibited magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography contrasting properties, which were dependent on the dysprosium content in the PLA matrix. The detailed mechanical evaluation of the 3D printed PLA/DyPO4 composites ensured good strength accomplished by the reinforcement of 5 wt % DyPO4 in PLA matrix, beyond which a gradual decline in the strength is noticed. Representative volume elements models were developed to realize the intrinsic property of the PLA/DyPO4 composite, and finite element analysis under both static and dynamic loading conditions has been performed to account for the reliability of experimental results.

Unlocking Dysprosium Constraints for China's 1.5 °C Climate Target.

Some key low-carbon technologies, ranging from wind turbines to electric vehicles, are underpinned by the strong rare-earth-based permanent magnets of the Nd, Pr (Dy)-Fe-Nb type (NdFeB). These NdFeB magnets, which are sensitive to demagnetization with temperature elevation (the Curie point), require the addition of variable amounts of dysprosium (Dy), where an elevation of the Curie point is needed to meet operational conditions. Given that China is the world's largest REE supplier with abundant REE reserves, the impact of an ambitious 1.5 °C climate target on China's Dy supply chain has sparked widespread concern. Here, we explore future trends and innovation strategies associated with the linkage between Dy and NdFeBs under various climate scenarios in China. We find China alone is expected to exhaust the global present Dy reserve within the next 2-3 decades to facilitate the 1.5 °C climate target. By implementing global available innovation strategies, such as material substitution, reduction, and recycling, it is possible to avoid 48%-68% of China's cumulative demand for Dy. Nevertheless, ongoing efforts in REE exploration and production are still required to meet China's growing Dy demand, which will face competition from the United States, European Union, and other countries with ambitious climate targets. Thus, our analysis urges China and those nations to form wider cooperation in REE supply chains as well as in NdFeB innovation for the realization of a global climate-safe future.

Design and fabrication of dysprosium impregnated polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels. Physiochemical, mechanical, bioimaging and in vitro evaluation.

Tissue engineering has gained prominence during the past decade since it offers a key solution to defects associated with the tissue regeneration. The limited healing potential of the cartilage tissue damage has significant clinical implications. Herein, dysprosium (Dy3+) impregnated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels have been developed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy, enabling simultaneous diagnostic imaging and antibacterial drug delivery for potential applications in articular cartilage. Based on the favorable imaging features, Dy3+ impregnated PVA hydrogels with enhanced stability were formed through successive steps of repeated cycles of freezing at - 30 °C for 21 h, thawing at 25 °C for 4 h and lyophilization. The tensile and compression tests of the hydrogels respectively determined a maximum of 3.88 and 1.58 MPa, which reflected better compatibility towards cartilage. The hydrogels fetched a sustained drug release for a period of 12 h with an associated swelling ratio of 80%. The potential of the resultant hydrogels in image diagnosis has been deliberated through their blue and yellow emissions in the visible region. Further, the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of the hydrogels respectively accomplished a maximum of 343 Hounsfiled units (HU) and relaxivity of 7.25 mM-1s-1. The cytocompatibility of the hydrogels is also determined through in vitro tests performed in Murine pro B cell line (BA/F3) and human Megakaryocyte cell line (Mo7e) cell lines.

Structural, morphological, and photoluminescence properties of RE (RE = Dy3+ , Eu3+ , Sm3+ )-doped CaAlBO4 phosphor synthesized by combustion method.

The CaAlBO4 :RE (RE = Dy3+ , Eu3+ , Sm3+ ) phosphor were prepared via combustion synthesis and studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), photoluminescence (PL) spectra and CIE coordinates. The phase formation of the obtained phosphor was analyzed by XRD and the result was confirmed by standard PDF Card No. 1539083. XRD data successfully indicated pure phase of CaAlBO4 phosphor. The crystal structure of CaAlBO4 phosphor is orthorhombic with space group Ccc2 (37). The SEM image of CaAlBO4 phosphor reveals an agglomerated morphology and non-uniform particle size. The EDS image provides evidence of the elements present and the chemical makeup of the materials. Under the 350 nm excitation, the emission spectrum of Dy3+ activated CaAlBO4 phosphor consists of two main groups of characteristic peaks located at 484 and 577 nm which are ascribed to 4 F9/2 → 6 H15/2 and 4 F9/2 → 6 H13/2 transition of Dy3+ respectively. The PL emission spectra of CaAlBO4 :Eu3+ phosphor shows characteristics bands observed around 591 and 613 nm, which corresponds to 5 D0 → 7 F1 and 5 D0 → 7 F2 transition of Eu3+ respectively, upon 395 nm excitation wavelength. The emission spectra of Sm3+ activated CaAlBO4 phosphor shows three characteristic bands observed at 565, 601 and 648 nm which emits yellow, orange and red color. The prominent emission peak at the wavelength 601 nm, which is attributed to 4 G5/2 → 6 H7/2 transition, displays an orange emission. The CIE color coordinates of CaAlBO4 :RE (RE = Dy3+ , Eu3+ , Sm3+ ) phosphor are calculated to be (0.631, 0.368), (0.674, 0.325) and (0.073, 0.185). As per the obtained results, CaAlBO4 :RE (RE = Dy3+ , Eu3+ , Sm3+ ) phosphor may be applicable in eco-friendly lightning technology.

Improvement of Luminescence Properties of Eulytite Single-Phase White Emitting Ca3Bi (PO4)3: Ce3+/Dy3+ Phosphor.

To reduce the issue of tri-primary color reabsorption, a new approach for single-phase phosphors as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been recommended. The structures, morphology, photoluminescence, thermal stability, and luminescence mechanism of a variety of Ca3Bi (PO4)3 (CBPO): Ce3+/Dy3+ phosphors were investigated. XRD characterization showed that all CBPO samples were eulytite structures. Furthermore, the energy transfer process from Ce3+ to Dy3+ in CBPO is systematically investigated in this work, and the color of light can be adjusted by changing the ratio of doped ions. Under UV light, energy is transferred from Ce3+-Dy3+ mainly through quadrupole-quadrupole interactions in the CBPO host, and doping with different Dy3+ concentrations tunes the emission color from blue to white. The thermal stability of the CBPO: 0.04Ce3+, 0.08Dy3+ samples is outstanding, and the CIE coordinates of the samples after emission have little effect with temperature, while their emission intensity at 423 K is as strong as that at room temperature, reaching 90%. The above results indicate that this CBPO material has great potential as a white light phosphor under near-UV excitation at the optimized concentration of Ce3+ and Dy3+.

Nickel sulfide and dysprosium-doped nickel sulfide nanoparticles: Dysprosium-induced variation in properties, in vitro chemo-photothermal behavior, and antibacterial activity.

Newer materials for utilization in multi-directional therapeutic actions are investigated, considering delicate design principles involving size and shape control, surface modification, and controllable drug loading and release. Multi-faceted properties are imparted to the engineered nanoparticles, like magnetism, near-infrared absorption, photothermal efficiency, and suitable size and shape. This report presents nickel sulfide and dysprosium-doped nickel sulfide nanoparticles with poly-ß-cyclodextrin polymer coating. The nanoparticles belong to the orthorhombic crystal systems, as indicated by X-ray diffraction studies. The size and shape of the nanoparticles are investigated using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and a particle-size analyzer. The particles show soft ferromagnetic characteristics with definite and moderate saturation magnetization values. The nickel sulfide nanoparticles' in vitro anticancer and antibacterial activities are investigated in free and 5-fluorouracil/penicillin benzathine-loaded forms. The 5-fluorouracil-encapsulation efficiency of the nanoparticles is around 87%, whereas it is above 92% in the case of penicillin benzathine. Both drugs are released slowly in a controlled fashion. The dysprosium-doped nickel sulfide nanoparticles show better anticancer activity, and the efficacy is more significant than the free drug. The nanoparticles are irradiated with a low-power 808 nm laser. The dysprosium-doped nickel sulfide nanoparticles attain a higher temperature on irradiation, i.e., above 59 °C. The photothermal conversion efficiency of this material is determined, and the significance of dysprosium doping is discussed. Contrarily, the undoped nickel sulfide nanoparticles show more significant antibacterial activity. This study presents a novel designed nanoparticle system and the exciting variation of properties on dysprosium doping in nickel sulfide nanoparticles.

Thermoluminescence studies of zinc borate (ZnB2 O4 ) phosphor doped with rare earths for dosimetric aspects.

A series of ZnB2 O4 phosphors doped with different concentrations of Eu and Dy (0.05 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mol%) and co-doped with Ce (1, 2, 5, 7, 10 mol%) respectively was prepared via the solid-state reaction technique and the thermoluminescence (TL) behaviour of gamma ray-irradiated samples was studied. The synthesized samples were irradiated with γ-rays for the dose range 0.03-1.20 kGy. The TL intensity variations with dose, dopant concentration, and the effect of co-doping were studied. The TL response curves for ZnB2 O4 :Eu3+ and ZnB2 O4 :Dy3+ , ZnB2 O4 :Eu3 ,Ce3+ and ZnB2 O4 :Dy3+ ,Ce3+ phosphor were observed. It was revealed that ZnB2 O4 :Eu3+ showed a linear TL behaviour for the dose 0.03-1.20 kGy and ZnB2 O4 :Dy3+ showed linearity for the gamma dose range 0.03-0.10 kGy. Furthermore, fading for all the samples was observed to be less than 10% for a storage period of 30 days. In addition to this, the trapping parameters, especially activation energies were evaluated using the Ilich method and the initial rise method. The activation energy values obtained from both methods were in complete agreement with each other.

Dy4, Dy5, and Ho2 Complexes of an N3O2 Aminophenol Donor: A Dy5-µ3-Peroxide Single Molecule Magnet.

The reactivity of the new flexible potentially pentadentate N3O2 aminophenol ligand H4Lr (2,2'-((pyridine-2,6-diylbis(methylene))bis(azanediyl))diphenol) towards different dysprosium salts and holmium(III) nitrate was investigated. Accordingly, this reactivity seems to greatly depend on the metal ion and salt employed. In this way, the reaction of H4Lr with dysprosium(III) chloride in air leads to the oxo-bridged tetranuclear complex [Dy4(H2Lr)3(Cl)4(µ3-O)(EtOH)2(H2O)2]·2EtOH·H2O (1·2EtOH·H2O), while the same reaction just changing the chloride salt by the nitrate one renders the peroxo-bridged pentanuclear compound [Dy5(H2Lr)2(H2.5Lr)2(NO3)4(µ3-O2)2]·2H2O (2·2H2O), where both peroxo ligands seem to come from the fixation and reduction of atmospheric oxygen. However, if holmium(III) nitrate is used instead of dysprosium(III) nitrate, no evidence of a peroxide ligand is observed, and the dinuclear complex {[Ho2(H2Lr)(H3Lr)(NO3)2(H2O)2](NO3)} 2.5H2O (3·2.5H2O) is isolated. The three complexes were unequivocally characterized by X-ray diffraction techniques, and their magnetic properties were analyzed. Thus, while the Dy4 and Ho2 complexes do not show magnet-like behavior even in the presence of an external magnetic field, 2·2H2O is a single molecule magnet, with an Ueff barrier of 61.2 K (43.2 cm-1). This is the first homonuclear lanthanoid peroxide SMM, which also shows the highest barrier among the reported 4f/3d peroxide zero field SMMs to date.