Subject(s)
Communication , Fear , Research Personnel , Science , Humans , Research Personnel/economics , Research Personnel/legislation & jurisprudence , Research Personnel/psychology , Science/economics , Science/legislation & jurisprudence , Science/organization & administration , Science/trends , Venezuela , Freedom , HopeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To map and analyze scientific evidence on care provided to women deprived of liberty during labor and childbirth. METHOD: A scoping review, developed in accordance with JBI methodology, whose information sources were accessed in databases and gray literature. Selection was carried out between October and December 2023, based on reading titles, abstracts and descriptors, considering the following eligibility criteria: articles, dissertations and theses with different methodological designs available in full, without language and time limitations. Analysis was conducted by two independent reviewers, using inductive content analysis. RESULTS: Fifteen studies were included. From the synthesis of results, two categories emerged: From the cell to the delivery room: care for women deprived of liberty; Experiences of women deprived of liberty during labor and childbirth. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the fragility of care practices during labor and childbirth, imposing significant challenges and resulting in adverse experiences that compromise the quality of motherhood and violate women's fundamental rights.
Subject(s)
Delivery, Obstetric , Labor, Obstetric , Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Women's Rights , Parturition/psychology , FreedomSubject(s)
Vulnerable Populations , Humans , Brazil , Freedom , Human Rights , Health Services AccessibilityABSTRACT
The collective action of MOCAO, Movimiento en resistencia contra las agresiones oculares del ESMAD (Escuadrón Móvil An-tidisturbios) is a social strateg y to demand access to justice and the fulfilment of guarantees of reparation and non-repetition in Colombia. A brief account of significant events in our trajecto-ry as a social movement is presented, together with our letter of petitions to the national government as victims and survivors of ocular aggressions in the framework of police violence. Al-though ESMAD today has been reformed under the name of the Unit for Dialogue and Maintenance of Order (UNDMO), we consider that there have not yet been structural changes to ensure that its function is related to protecting the constitution-al right to social protest.
Subject(s)
Aggression , Social Justice , Humans , Colombia , Aggression/psychology , Freedom , Police , Violence/psychology , TortureABSTRACT
Tem como objetivo familiarizar as equipes da RAPS com os atores e fluxos existentes na assistência das pessoas com questões de saúde mental em conflito com a lei. (AU)
Subject(s)
Politics , Judiciary , User Embracement , Freedom , Mental DisordersABSTRACT
Consensual homicide remains a crime in jurisdictions where active voluntary euthanasia has been legalized. At the same time, both jurisdictions, in which euthanasia is legal and those in which it is not, recognize that all patients (whether severely ill or not) have the right to refuse or withdraw medical treatment (including life-saving treatment). In this paper, I focus on the tensions between these three norms (the permission of active euthanasia, the permission to reject life-saving treatment, and the prohibition of consensual homicide), assuming a justification of euthanasia based on the right to (personal) autonomy. I argue that the best way to provide a coherent account of these norms is to claim that patients have two distinct rights: the right to autonomy and the right to bodily integrity. This solution has some relevant implications for the discussion of the legalization of active euthanasia.
Subject(s)
Euthanasia , Suicide, Assisted , Humans , Homicide , Right to Die , Freedom , Personal Autonomy , Treatment Refusal , Euthanasia, Active , Euthanasia, Active, Voluntary , Euthanasia, PassiveABSTRACT
This study addresses the relation between subjectivity and contemporary enslaved labor from the enslaved workers' narratives in Brazil. A qualitative social research was carried out based on a constructionist perspective. We sought interaction with rescued workers and used (a) participant observation of workers' routine in an institutional project that supports them and a field diary, (b) semi-structured and open individual interviews with workers and a member of the team project. The fieldwork lasted a year and a half and the analysis followed Content Analysis. Freudian theory and Foucault's thought were used for interpretation, which managed to understand aspects of workers' experiences, exploitation characteristics, parental abandonment, as well as the tensions in self-classification as enslaved. The narratives pointed to a dramatic reality manifested in body exploitation, authoritarian abuses, violence, and negligence. At the same time, these narratives showed forms of worker resistance that calls for further investigations to increase knowledge on the subjective experiences of those who were enslaved.(AU)
O artigo aborda as relações entre subjetividade e trabalho escravo contemporâneo a partir da narrativa de trabalhadores(as) escravazados(as). Foi realizada uma pesquisa social qualitativa em uma perspectiva construcionista. Buscamos a interação com trabalhadores resgatados e realizamos a observação participante da rotina de trabalhadores atendidos em um projeto institucional, com diário de campo, e entrevistas individuais (semiestruturadas e abertas) com trabalhadores(as) e equipe do projeto institucional. O trabalho de campo durou um ano e meio, e a pesquisa foi realizada com o suporte da Análise de Conteúdo. Para a interpretação utilizamos aportes da teoria freudiana e do pensamento de Foucault, com os quais foi possível compreender aspectos das vivências dos trabalhadores, características da exploração, abandonos parentais e tensões em torno da autoclassificação como "escravo". As narrativas apontaram uma realidade dramática manifesta na exploração do corpo, em abusos autoritários, na violência e negligência. Ao mesmo tempo, as narrativas evidenciaram formas de resistência dos trabalhadores que convocam mais investigações para adensar o conhecimento sobre as experiências subjetivas desses que estão num lugar de escravizado(a).(AU)
Este artículo aborda la relación entre la subjetividad y el trabajo esclavo contemporáneo desde la narrativa de trabajadores esclavizados. Se realizó una investigación social cualitativa desde una perspectiva construccionista. Buscamos la interacción con los trabajadores liberados y utilizamos la observación participante de la rutina de los trabajadores atendidos en un proyecto institucional, diario de campo y entrevistas individuales (semiestructuradas y abiertas) con trabajadores y miembros del equipo del proyecto institucional. El trabajo de campo duró un año y medio, y se utilizó como apoyo el análisis de contenido. Para la interpretación se utilizaron aportes de la teoría freudiana y el pensamiento de Foucault, con lo que fue posible comprender aspectos de las vivencias de los trabajadores, características del escenario de explotación, abandono parental y las tensiones relacionadas con la autoclasificación "esclavo". Las narrativas apuntan a una realidad dramática manifestada en la explotación del cuerpo, abuso autoritario, violencia y abandono. Al mismo tiempo, evidenciaron formas de resistencia por parte de los trabajadores, que reclaman más investigaciones para profundizar en el conocimiento sobre las vivencias subjetivas de quienes se encuentran en esclavitud.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Work , Psychosocial Impact , Narration , Enslavement , Poverty , Sex Work , Psychology , Psychosocial Deprivation , Public Policy , Punishment , Rape , Rural Population , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , Self Concept , Authoritarianism , Social Alienation , Social Isolation , Social Problems , Social Sciences , Social Work , Socioeconomic Factors , Sociology , Superego , Therapeutics , Unemployment , Battered Child Syndrome , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Drinking Water , Work Hours , Child Abuse, Sexual , Brazil , Ill-Housed Persons , Occupational Risks , Activities of Daily Living , Accidents, Occupational , Economic Development , Child Abuse , Child Care , Hygiene , Mental Health , Occupational Health , Civil Disorders , Parenting , Workplace , Interview , Survivors , Domestic Violence , Colonialism , Congresses as Topic , Housing Sanitation , Life , Crime Victims , Credentialing , Crime , Crisis Intervention , Hazards , Search and Rescue , Disaster Vulnerability , Capitalism , Health Law , Legal Intervention , Damage Liability , Delivery of Health Care , Dehumanization , Aggression , Malnutrition , Human Rights Abuses , Diet , Dominance-Subordination , Education , Education, Continuing , Education, Nonprofessional , Education, Professional , Employment , Social Investment Projects , Occupational Health Policy , Agribusiness , Resilience, Psychological , Remuneration , Return to Work , Human Trafficking , Workplace Violence , Emotional Adjustment , Literacy , Crop Production , Working Poor , Psychosocial Support Systems , Survivorship , Political Activism , Social Oppression , Freedom , Respect , Corruption , Right to Work , Empowerment , Psychosocial Intervention , Emotional Abuse , Social Deprivation , Home Environment , Social Vulnerability , Citizenship , Belonging , Social Threats , Family Structure , Working Conditions , Narcissistic Personality Disorder , Incarceration , Job Security , Government , Health Policy , Helping Behavior , Homicide , Housing , Human Rights , Life Change Events , Loneliness , Love , Deception , Malpractice , Object AttachmentABSTRACT
The Inventory of Father Involvement (IFI) was developed to examine paternal involvement among men with children from 5 to 10 years of age. However, father involvement affects child development starting in the child's infancy. In Brazil, a revised version of the instrument (called the IFI-BR-27) was developed to use with fathers of children in a wider age group (2 to 10 years). Thus, in this study we aimed to investigate evidence for validity of this revised version based on internal structure, measurement invariance, and evidence of convergent validity. For this purpose, 572 Brazilian fathers completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the IFI-BR-27, and either the Father Engagement Questionnaire (FEQ; for fathers of children in early childhood education settings) or the Inventory of Parenting Practices (IPP; for fathers of children in elementary school). Results of confirmatory factor analyses indicated the plausibility of a second-order internal structure for the IFI-BR-27 (χ 2 / df = 3.526; CFI = .937; TLI = .929; RMSEA = .066). Composite reliability for the nine factors varied from .65 to .84. Invariance analyses indicated that the structure is independent of the child's educational setting. Evidence of convergent validity was also found ( r = .67 - FEQ; r = .58 - IPP). Therefore, the IFI-BR-27 is an adequate tool to assess the quality of father involvement for fathers of children in preschool or elementary school. The IFI-BR-27 can contribute to further scientific research, aiding in longitudinal studies, as well as helping professionals to evaluate and encourage specific dimensions of father involvement.(AU)
O Inventory of Father Involvement (IFI) foi desenvolvido para avaliar o envolvimento paterno de homens com filhos de 5 a 10 anos. No entanto, envolvimento paterno afeta o desenvolvimento de crianças desde a primeira infância. No Brasil, uma versão revisada dessa medida (chamada de IFI-BR-27) foi desenvolvida para uso com pais de crianças em uma faixa etária mais ampla (2 a 10 anos). O objetivo deste estudo foi, portanto, investigar evidências de validade dessa versão revisada com base na estrutura interna, invariância de medida e evidências de validade convergente. Para isso, 572 pais brasileiros preencheram um questionário sociodemográfico, o IFI-BR-27 e o Questionário de Engajamento Paterno (QEP; para pais com filhos no Ensino Infantil) e o Inventário de Práticas Parentais (IPP; para pais com filhos no Ensino Fundamental 1). Os resultados de análises fatoriais confirmatórias indicaram a plausibilidade de uma estrutura interna de segunda ordem para o IFI-BR-27 (χ 2 / gl = 3,526; CFI = 0,937; TLI = 0,929; RMSEA = 0,066). A confiabilidade composta para os nove fatores variou de 0,65 a 0,84. Análises de invariância indicaram que a estrutura é independente do ciclo escolar da criança. Também foram encontradas evidências de validade convergente ( r = 0,67 - QEP; r = 0,58 - IPP). Assim, considera-se o IFI-BR-27 uma medida adequada para avaliar a qualidade do envolvimento paterno de pais de crianças do Ensino Infantil ao Fundamental 1. O IFI-BR-27 poderá contribuir para melhorias científicas, viabilizando estudos longitudinais e ajudando profissionais a avaliar e promover dimensões específicas do envolvimento paterno.(AU)
El Inventory of Father Involvement (IFI) se desarrolló para evaluar la participación paterna en la crianza de hijos de entre 5 y 10 años de edad. Es sabido que la participación paterna contribuye al desarrollo infantil desde la primera infancia. En Brasil, una versión brasileña de este instrumento (la IFI-BR-27) se desarrolló para aplicarse a padres con hijos de un grupo de edad más amplio (de 2 a 10 años). Este estudio tuvo por objetivo comprobar evidencia de validez de esta versión revisada con base en la estructura interna, la invariancia del instrumento y la evidencia de validez convergente. Para ello, 572 padres brasileños completaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el IFI-BR-27 y el Cuestionario de Involucramiento Paterno (CIP; para padres de niños en el jardín de infantes) y el Inventario de Prácticas Parentales (IPP; para padres de niños en la primaria). Los resultados de los análisis factoriales confirmatorios indicaron la plausibilidad de una estructura interna de segundo orden para el IFI-BR-27 (χ 2 / gl = 3,526; CFI = 0,937; TLI = 0,929; RMSEA =0,066). La confiabilidad compuesta para los nueve factores varió de 0,65 a 0,84. Los análisis de invariancia indicaron que la estructura es independiente del ciclo educativo del niño. También se encontró evidencia de validez convergente ( r =0,67 - CIP; r = 0,58 - IPP). Por lo tanto, el IFI-BR-27 es un instrumento adecuado para evaluar la calidad de participación paterna de padres con hijos en edad preescolar o en la primaria. El IFI-BR-27 permitirá un mayor desarrollo científico, permitiendo estudios longitudinales y ayudando a los profesionales a evaluar y fomentar dimensiones específicas de participación paterna.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale , Paternity , Personality Development , Self-Testing , Psychological Growth , Parent-Child Relations , Paternal Behavior , Paternal Deprivation , Play and Playthings , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Psychometrics , Psychosocial Deprivation , Punishment , Quality of Life , Reading , Reinforcement, Psychology , Reinforcement, Verbal , Aspirations, Psychological , Safety , Schools , Self Care , Social Behavior , Social Identification , Social Sciences , Social Values , Stress, Physiological , Financial Support , National Health Strategies , Activities of Daily Living , Divorce , Family , Marriage , Child Abuse , Child Care , Child Development , Child Guidance , Child Language , Child Rearing , Child Welfare , Mental Health , Reproducibility of Results , Parenting , Intergenerational Relations , Time Management , Communication , Life , Eulogy , Behavioral Disciplines and Activities , Counseling , Affect , Culture , Education, Primary and Secondary , Paternalism , Personal Autonomy , Damage Liability , Gift Giving , Trust , Comprehension , Dependency, Psychological , Educational Status , Emotions , Empathy , Family Conflict , Family Relations , Family Therapy , Father-Child Relations , Fathers , Resilience, Psychological , Physiological Phenomena , Emotional Intelligence , Social Skills , Social Theory , Peer Influence , Paternal Inheritance , Work-Life Balance , Cultural Diffusion , Social Construction of Gender , Androcentrism , Freedom , Respect , Emotional Regulation , Social Integration , Empowerment , Gender Role , Family Support , Psychological Well-Being , Psychological Safety , Happiness , Health Services Needs and Demand , Holidays , Household Work , Human Development , Income , Individuality , Leisure Activities , Life Style , Loneliness , Love , Men , Mental Processes , Morals , Mothers , Motivation , Object AttachmentABSTRACT
Este estudo pretende identificar a percepção de estudantes de uma mesma instituição de ensino superior da área da saúde sobre dificuldades acadêmicas e não acadêmicas, estratégias de coping e identificar a presença de estresse. Foi um estudo transversal utilizando abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa, desenvolvido por meio de questionário estruturado e inventários psicométricos validados ( COPE Breve; inventário de sintomas de estresse ISLL ). Adicionalmente, foram realizadas entrevistas para ampliar a compreensão dos resultados dos instrumentos quantitativos. Na etapa quantitativa, participaram 162 estudantes dos cursos de graduação em Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia, Medicina, Nutrição e Terapia Ocupacional. Destes, 60 participaram de entrevista qualitativa. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística univariada e análise multivariada por regressão logística. Os estudantes relataram encontrar grande número de dificuldades e utilizar variadas estratégias de coping . A análise estatística univariada demonstrou que não houve diferenças importantes entre cursos e etapas quanto ao número de dificuldades e estratégias utilizadas. A presença de estresse foi identificada em proporções entre 45% e 100% dos estudantes, conforme o curso e a etapa considerada, sem diferenças significativas entre eles. A análise multivariada identificou cinco variáveis independentes como determinantes de estresse: sexo feminino, renda familiar, número de dificuldades acadêmicas/não acadêmicas e número de estratégias de coping voltadas à "emoção" presentes. Esta análise também mostrou que o estresse patológico está relacionado a somente uma variável: o número de dificuldades não acadêmicas. Estes achados reforçam a necessidade de manter ações institucionais de assistência social e apoio psicológico, favorecendo assim um planejamento efetivo de medidas de promoção da saúde mental dos estudantes.(AU)
This study aimed to find undergraduate students' perceptions about academic and non-academic difficulties and coping strategies and determining the occurrence of stress among them. This was a cross-sectional study using quantitative and qualitative approaches to evaluate students from different health professions in a single institution. Physical therapy, speech therapy, medicine, nutrition, and occupational therapy program students (N=162) answered a structured questionnaire and two validated psychometric inventories (COPE Brief scale and the ISS stress symptoms inventory). Additionally, 60 students underwent a semi-structured interview to better understand the results from the quantitative instruments. Quantitative data underwent univariate analysis to test differences between proportions and stepwise multiple regression analysis to identify the independent determinants of stress. Students reported a large number of academic and non-academic difficulties and a variety of coping strategies. Univariate statistical analysis showed no significant differences between courses and stages regarding the number of difficulties and coping strategies. A large proportion of students showed stress, ranging from 45% to 100%, depending on the course and stage, with no significant differences between them. Multivariate statistical analysis found five independent variables as stress determinants: female gender, low family income, number of academic and non-academic difficulties, and number of emotion-focused coping strategies. This analysis also showed that pathological stress is related to only one variable: the number of non-academic difficulties. These findings reinforce the importance of maintaining institutional actions for student social assistance and psychological support. Results also provide meaningful data for adequately planning more effective measures to promote students' mental health.(AU)
Este estudio pretende identificar la percepción de los estudiantes del sector salud sobre las dificultades académicas y no académicas, las estrategias de coping y la presencia de estrés. Este estudio transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo, utilizó cuestionarios estructurados e inventarios psicométricos validados (escala Brief COPE; inventario de sintomatología de estrés ISE ); además de entrevistas para ampliar la comprensión de los resultados de los instrumentos cuantitativos. En la etapa cuantitativa participaron 162 estudiantes de los cursos de grado en Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiología, Medicina, Nutrición y Terapia Ocupacional. De estos, 60 participaron en la entrevista cualitativa. Los resultados se sometieron a análisis estadístico univaria nte, para distinguir los grupos y asociaciones entre variables, y a análisis multivariado por regresión logística para identificar variables independientes que determinan el estrés. Los estudiantes reportaron enfrentar muchas dificultades académicas y no académicas, y utilizaban diferentes estrategias de coping. El análisis estadístico univariante no obtuvo diferencias significativas entre cursos y etapas respecto al número de dificultades y estrategias utilizadas. Un 45% y 100% de los estudiantes experimentaron estrés según el curso y la etapa considerada, sin diferencias significativas entre ellos. Se encontraron cinco variables independientes como factores de estrés: sexo femenino, renta familiar, número de dificultades académicas/no académicas y número de estrategias de coping orientadas a la "emoción". El estrés patológico estuvo relacionado solo a la variable número de dificultades no académicas. Se necesita mantener acciones institucionales de asistencia social y apoyo psicológico para favorecer una planificación efectiva de medidas de promoción de salud mental de los estudiantes.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stress, Psychological , Students , Adaptation, Psychological , Health , Education, Nursing, Diploma Programs , Coping Skills , Organization and Administration , Organizational Objectives , Anxiety , Personal Satisfaction , Personality , Philosophy , Poverty , Problem Solving , Professional Competence , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Quality of Health Care , Quality of Life , Schools , Self Concept , Social Adjustment , Social Environment , Social Sciences , Stress, Physiological , Student Dropouts , Teaching , Thinking , Time , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Burnout, Professional , Activities of Daily Living , Career Choice , Choice Behavior , Liability, Legal , Professional Autonomy , Mental Competency , Clinical Competence , Health Personnel , Competitive Behavior , Conflict, Psychological , Life , Behavioral Disciplines and Activities , Counseling , Feedback, Psychological , Personal Autonomy , Denial, Psychological , Health Educators , Depression , Educational Measurement , Ego , Faculty , Family Relations , Resilience, Psychological , Fear , Sedentary Behavior , Courage , Emotional Adjustment , Healthy Lifestyle , Psychosocial Support Systems , Academic Performance , Academic Success , Freedom , Frustration , Sadness , Psychological Distress , Social Inclusion , Financial Stress , Psychological Well-Being , Psychological Growth , Emotional Exhaustion , Time Pressure , Guilt , Household Work , Interpersonal Relations , Leadership , Learning , Life Change Events , Loneliness , MotivationABSTRACT
O interesse de B. F. Skinner pela arte pode ser observado em diferentes publicações, com destaque para o livro Walden two (1948). Nele, Skinner considera as produções artísticas fundamentais para o estabelecimento de um ambiente social igualitário e feliz, mencionando, por consequência, uma pluralidade de obras de arte. Dada a relevância teórico-científica do livro, bem como sua diversidade artística, este artigo buscou compreender a arte descrita em Walden two com base nas vertentes artísticas tradicionais do classicismo e do romantismo. Trechos do livro que mencionavam palavras-chave associadas à arte foram compilados em tabelas e analisados de acordo com atributos clássicos e românticos, descritos por textos especializados. Foram identificadas seis principais modalidades artísticas na ficção skinneriana (literatura, teatro, música, artes plásticas, arquitetura e moda), que apresentam similaridades com o racionalismo clássico e o sentimentalismo romântico, bem como outras características que as diferenciam dessas vertentes. Conclui-se, assim, que a arte de Walden two está situada em um pluralismo artístico, que também indica a possibilidade de o comportamentalismo radical ser interpretado como uma filosofia da arte.(AU)
B. F. Skinner's interest in artistic productions can be seen in different publications, with the book Walden two (1948) standing out. In it, Skinner considers the artistic production for establishing an equalitarian and happy social environment, mentioning, thus, an array of artworks. Given the theoretical-scientific relevance of the book, as well as its artistic diversity, this article aimed understand the artworks described in Walden two based on a classic and romantic traditional artistic styles. Excerpts of the book that mentioned keywords related to art were researched and compiled in tables and analyzed according to classical and romantic attributes, described by specialized texts. Six main artistic categories were identified in Skinnerian fiction (literature, theater, music, visual arts, architecture, and fashion), that show similar characteristics to classic rationalism and romantic sentimentalism, as well as other characteristics that differentiate them from these strands. In conclusion, the art on Walden two exists in a state of artistic pluralism, which also highlights the possibility of radical behaviorism being interpreted as a philosophy of art.(AU)
El interés de B. F. Skinner por el arte puede ser observado en diferentes publicaciones, especialmente en el libro Walden two (1948). El autor plantea en esta obra las producciones artísticas fundamentales para el establecimiento de un entorno social igualitario y feliz, mencionando, en consecuencia, una pluralidad de obras de arte. Dada la relevancia teórico-científica del libro, así como su diversidad artística, este artículo busco comprender el arte descrito en Walden two desde las corrientes artísticas tradicionales del clasicismo y el romanticismo. Los extractos del libro que mencionaban palabras clave asociadas con el arte se recopilaron en tablas y se analizaron de acuerdo con los atributos clásicos y románticos descritos por textos especializados. Se identificaron seis modalidades artísticas principales en la ficción skinneriana (literatura, teatro, música, artes plásticas, arquitectura y moda), que presentan similitudes con el racionalismo clásico y el sentimentalismo romántico, así como otras características que las diferencian de estas vertientes. Así, se concluye que el arte de Walden two se sitúa en un pluralismo artístico, lo que destaca la posibilidad de que el conductismo radical sea interpretado como una filosofía del arte.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Art , Romanticism , Applied Behavior Analysis , Literature , Philology, Romance , Philosophy , Architecture , Psychology , Publications , Reinforcement, Psychology , Science , Social Conformity , Social Environment , Social Planning , Utopias , Behaviorism , Books , Cultural Diversity , Emotions , Empathy , Esthetics , Survivorship , Science in the Arts , Freedom , Happiness , MusicABSTRACT
Objetivo: estimar as expectativas negativas sobre a vida pós-cárcere com relação à condição de saúde e de trabalho e os fatores associados à essas duas variáveis em mulheres privadas de liberdade. Método: estudo transversal, por meio de censo com 99 mulheres que estivessem em cumprimento de pena nos regimes provisório, fechado e semiaberto. Na análise dos dados, foram empregados o teste qui-quadrado e a regressão de Poisson. Na análise múltipla dos fatores associados ao desfecho, foi construído um modelo teórico de determinação com blocos hierarquizados. Resultados: o modelo final ajustado mostrou que a expectativa negativa pós-cárcere em relação à condição de saúde se associou à autoavaliação negativa de saúde (RP: 6,14; IC95%: 2,27-16,60). A expectativa negativa pós-cárcere sobre a condição de trabalho se associou com as expectativas negativas pós-cárcere em relação a vida pessoal (RP: 7,65; IC95%: 2,82-20,79) e ao padrão de vida. Conclusão: as associações encontradas no estudo demonstram a importância de investimento em políticas de saúde e trabalho para melhores condições futuras pós-encarceramento(AU)
Objective: to estimate negative expectations about post-prison life in relation to health and work conditions and the factors associated with these two variables in women deprived of liberty. Method: cross-sectional study, through a census with 99 women who were serving sentences in the provisional, closed and semi-open regimes. In data analysis, the chi-square test and Poisson regression were used. In the multiple analysis of the factors associated with the outcome, a theoretical model of determination with hierarchical blocks was built. Results: the final adjusted model showed that post-prison negative expectations regarding health conditions were associated with negative self-rated health (PR: 6.14; 95%CI: 2.27-16.60). Negative post-prison expectations about work conditions were associated with post-prison negative expectations about personal life (PR: 7.65; 95%CI: 2.82-20.79) and standard of living. Conclusion: the associations found in the study demonstrate the importance of investing in health and work policies for better post-incarceration future conditions(AU)
Objetivo: estimar las expectativas negativas sobre la vida después de la cárcel en relación con las condiciones de salud y de trabajo y los factores asociados a esas dos variables en mujeres privadas de libertad. Método: Estudio transversal mediante censo con 99 mujeres que cumplían condena en regímenes temporal, cerrado y semiabierto. En el análisis de los datos, se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado y la regresión de Poisson. En el análisis múltiple de los factores asociados al resultado, se construyó un modelo teórico de determinación con bloques jerárquicos. Resultados: El modelo final ajustado mostró que la expectativa negativa después del periodo en la cárcel, con respecto al estado de salud, se asoció con la autoevaluación negativa de salud (RP: 6,14; IC 95%: 2,27-16,60). La expectativa negativa post carcelaria sobre las condiciones de trabajo se asoció con las expectativas negativas post carcelarias sobre la vida personal (RP: 7,65; IC 95%: 2,82-20,79) y el nivel de vida. Conclusión: Las asociaciones encontradas en el estudio demuestran la importancia de invertir en políticas de salud y trabajo para mejorar las condiciones futuras después del encarcelamiento(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Women's Health , Freedom , Incarceration/psychology , Motivation , Prisons , Socioeconomic Factors , Work , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: to build storyboards based on health literacy about breast cancer for women deprived of liberty for later production of videos and e-books. METHODS: a methodological study, construction and validity of storyboards with 10 expert judges. The Educational Content Validation Instrument in Health and the Suitability Assessment of Materials were used. For validity, an agreement criterion greater than 80% was considered, verified from the Content Validation Index, with 40-100% for suitability. RESULTS: the storyboards' overall Content Validity Index was 0.99, combined with the measurement of suitability of 81% and readability percentage of 73.2, categorizing the material as superior and easy to read. CONCLUSIONS: the educational technology built proved to be valid and reliable, and can be transformed into an e-book and video to promote self-care for women deprived of liberty.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Health Literacy , Humans , Female , Educational Technology , Comprehension , Freedom , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
This essay reflects on the incarceration of older adults in the United States (USA) and Brazil and mainly aims to observe how the situation is consistent and differs in the two countries. The bibliography on the subject is much more affluent and consolidated in the USA. Several discrepancies are noted among scholars between data and authors' views. However, they all agree regarding (1) the increased number of incarcerated older adults, (2) the inadequacy of prisons to house them, (3) the accelerated aging due to lack of healthcare, (4) the experiences of physical, musculoskeletal, and mental comorbidities, and (5) the high costs of treating them adequately. Most senior prisoners are poor Black and brown men and people with some specific social fragility. A positive factor underscored by Brazilian and North American researchers is the cultivation of spirituality, which helps older adults in prison keep some well-being. However, incarcerated older adults require much other care, and few initiatives consider the specific needs of this social group. The time has come for Brazil to face this issue, whether out of social responsibility or human solidarity.
Este ensaio consiste numa reflexão sobre encarceramento de pessoas idosas nos Estados Unidos (EUA) e no Brasil. O objetivo principal é observar em que medida a situação se coaduna e difere nos dois países, sendo que nos EUA a bibliografia sobre o tema é muito mais afluente e consolidada. Entre os estudiosos existem várias discrepâncias entre os dados e entre a visão dos autores. Porém todos convergem quanto: (1) ao aumento do número de pessoas idosas na prisão; (2) à inadequação das prisões para abrigá-los; (3) à aceleração do envelhecimento pela falta de cuidados com a saúde; (4) às vivências de comorbidades físicas, osteomusculares e mentais; e (5) aos elevados custos para tratá-los adequadamente. A maioria dos idosos presos são homens, pobres, negros e pardos e pessoas com determinados tipos de fragilidade social. Um fator positivo apontado tanto por pesquisadores brasileiros como norte-americanos é o cultivo da espiritualidade, o que ajuda as pessoas idosas presas a manterem um certo sentimento de bem-estar. Mas os idosos nas prisões exigem muitos outros cuidados e há poucas iniciativas que levam em conta as necessidades específicas desse seguimento social. Chegou a hora do Brasil enfrentar esta questão, seja por responsabilidade social seja por solidariedade humana.
Subject(s)
Prisoners , Prisons , Male , Humans , United States , Aged , Delivery of Health Care , Pain , FreedomABSTRACT
Education, with an emphasis on prison health, has acted as a policy inducing changes in work processes, which the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) has used, and which is present in permanent health education, which promotes health care for people deprived of liberty. This article aims to present an analysis of the impacts of the strategy of massive education on prison health in Brazil from the perspective of health professionals and other actors operating in the Brazilian prison system. The data used in the study come from a questionnaire consisting of 37 questions applied nationwide between March and June 2022. Responses were collected from students who completed the course "Health Care for People Deprived of Freedom" of the learning pathway "Prison System", available in the Virtual Learning Environment of the Brazilian Health System (AVASUS). This course was offered nationally, whose adhesion (enrollment) occurred spontaneously, i.e., the course was not a mandatory. The data collected allowed us to analyze the impacts of massive education on prison health. The study also shows that the search for the course is made by several areas of knowledge, with a higher incidence in the health area, but also in other areas, such as humanities, which also work directly with the guarantee of the rights of people deprived of liberty, which are professionals in the areas of social work, psychology, and education. The analysis based on the data suggests that the massive education mediated by technology through the courses of the learning pathway, besides disseminating knowledge-following the action plan of the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)-, are an effective tool to promote resilience in response to prison health and care demands of people deprived of liberty.
Subject(s)
Health Education , Prisons , Humans , Brazil , Educational Status , FreedomABSTRACT
This essay aims to bring up the debate on access to health in the prison system, focusing on the National Comprehensive Health Care Policy for People Deprived of Liberty (PNAISP) and the intersectoriality proposed by the policy. As intersectoral articulation is one of the PNAISP main guidelines, we aim to reflect on its implementation, considering the Prison Primary Care Teams (EABP) professionals as street-level bureaucrats and the difficulty of access to health by people deprived of liberty as wicked problems. We understand that there are gaps in studies on access to health in the prison system with an intersectoral approach and analysis of the PNAISP with an academic focus and from the perspective of intersectorality. We aim to contribute to this debate within Public Health, addressing reflections on a health policy that affects the prison system.
Este ensaio pretende trazer o debate sobre o acesso à saúde no sistema prisional, com foco na Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde das Pessoas Privadas de Liberdade (PNAISP) e na intersetorialidade que a política propõe. Sendo a articulação intersetorial uma das principais diretrizes da PNAISP, o objetivo é trazer reflexões sobre sua implementação, considerando os profissionais das equipes de atenção básica prisional (EABP) como burocratas de nível de rua e a dificuldade de acesso à saúde por parte das pessoas privadas de liberdade como problemas perversos. Compreende-se que existem lacunas de estudos sobre acesso à saúde no sistema prisional com uma abordagem intersetorial e de análise da PNAISP com enfoque acadêmico e sob a ótica da intersetorialidade. Busca-se contribuir com este debate dentro da Saúde Coletiva, abordando reflexões sobre uma política de saúde que incide no sistema carcerário.
Subject(s)
Health Policy , Prisons , Humans , Freedom , Comprehensive Health CareABSTRACT
Several countries have implemented COVID-19 health passes or certificates to promote a safer return to in-person social activities. These passes have been proposed as a way to prove that someone has been vaccinated, has recovered from the disease, or has negative results on a diagnostic test. However, many people have questioned their ethical justification. This article presents some practical and ethical problems to consider in the event of wishing to implement these passes. Among the former, it is questioned how accurate diagnostic tests are as a means of ensuring that a person is not contagious, whether vaccination guarantees immunity, the fact that health passes can be forged, whether they encourage vaccination, and the problem that there is no universally recognized health pass. Among the ethical issues, it is discussed whether health passes promote discrimination and inequality and whether they violate rights to privacy and freedom. It is concluded that health passes have enough ethical justification to be implemented.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , Freedom , PrivacyABSTRACT
Introducción.El suicidio es un problema clave de salud pública. La situación de privación de libertad es un riesgo aumentado para el suicidio. Hay un aumento de la prevalencia de depresión dentro de las prisiones y su identificación y tratamiento disminuye el riesgo. Objetivo. Determinar el riesgo de suicidio y depresión en mujeres privadas de libertad en una correccional. Metodología.Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de una muestra por conveniencia de mujeres de una correccional de mujeres en Paraguay. Se utilizó un cuestionario socio-demográfico, la Escala de Suicidio de Plutchik, y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck,previa firma de consentimiento informado que explicó los objetivos del estudio y la participación voluntaria y anónima. Se analizó los datos conel paquete estadístico SPSS versión 15.0. Resultados.Participaron del estudio 108 mujeres entre 20 a 70 años de edad (media: 38 ± 12), 25,9% (n=28) alcanzó escolaridad secundaria completa u universitaria (12%). El 76,8% tenía entre 1 a 5 años de privación de libertad. El 38 % (41) del grupo tenía depresión; 36,1% (n=39) presentó riesgo suicida, 25,9% (n=28) riesgo leve, 7,4% (n=8) riesgo moderado y 2,8% (n=3) riesgo grave. Se encontró asociación altamente significativa entre la presencia de depresión y riesgo suicida (OR: 4,89 IC95% 2,1-11,4). El porcentaje de riesgo suicida fue mayor al de la población general y a cifras arrojadas por otros estudios similares en centros penitenciarios en américa latina. Palabras clave: riesgo; suicida; mujeres; privación; libertad.
Introduction.Suicide is a key public health problem. The situation of deprivation of liberty is an increased risk for suicide. There is an increased prevalence of depression within prisons and its identification and treatment decreases the risk. Objective. To determine the risk of suicide and depression in women deprived of liberty in a correctional facility. Methodology. Descriptive cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of women from a women's correctional facility in Paraguay. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the Plutchik Suicide Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory were used, after signing an informed consent that explained the objectives of the study and voluntary and anonymous participation. The data was analyzed withthe statistical package SPSS version 15.0. Results.A total of 108 women between 20 and 70 years of age (mean: 38 ± 12) participated in the study, 25.9% (n=28) completed secondary or university education (12%). 76.8% had between 1 and 5 years of deprivation of liberty. 38% (41) of the group had depression; 36.1% (n=39) presented suicidal risk, 25.9% (n=28) mild risk, 7.4% (n=8) moderate risk, and 2.8% (n=3) severe risk. A highly significant association was found between the presence of depression and suicidal risk (OR: 4.89 CI95% 2.1-11.4). The percentage of suicidal risk was higher than that of the general population and figures reported by other similar studies in penitentiary centers in Latin America.Key words:risk; suicide; women; deprivation; liberty.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Women , Suicidal Ideation , Social Deprivation , Risk , FreedomABSTRACT
Este estudo qualitativo teve como objetivo compreender, a partir da teoria de bioecológica de desenvolvimento, as implicações da prática profissional no processo de acolhimento de crianças em uma casa-abrigo, na perspectiva de cuidadoras. As participantes foram 10 profissionais de uma casa-abrigo localizada na região sul do Brasil. Utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada e a organização e análise dos dados sustentou-se na Grounded Theory, com auxílio do software Atlas.ti 8.4.14. Os resultados evidenciaram uma centralização das ações de acolhimento e atenção em torno dos cuidados físicos das crianças. As ações para promover suporte e cuidados emocionais dentro da casa-abrigo eram delegadas às profissionais da equipe técnica da instituição. Observou-se que as dificuldades encontradas pelas cuidadoras diziam respeito à falta de segurança e preparação para responder e acolher as demandas emocionais das crianças, as quais estão presentes em diversos momentos do processo de acolhimento. Percebeu-se que as práticas institucionais afetaram decisivamente tanto as ações de acolhimento das participantes e o suporte emocional oferecido às crianças na passagem pela casa-abrigo quanto as cuidadoras, no sentido de vivenciarem no trabalho sentimentos de insegurança. Os resultados tensionam ecologicamente a interação nos processos proximais presentes no desenvolvimento humano. Advoga-se pela reflexão sobre as implicações das práticas institucionais de uma casa-abrigo e o desenvolvimento infantil, visando o cuidado integral dos acolhidos.(AU)
Based on the developmental bioecological theory, this study analyzes the implications of professional practice in children's user embracement at a shelter from the caregivers' perspective. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 professionals from a shelter located in southern Brazil. Data organization and analysis was performed based on Grounded Theory using the Atlas.ti 8.4.14 software. Results showed that embracement and attention focus on the physical care of children. Support and emotional care activities were delegated to the institution's technical team. Caregivers faced difficulties regarding the lack of security and preparation to respond to and accept the children's emotional demands, which arise at different moments in the embracement process. The institutional practices decisively affected both user embracement actions and the emotional support offered to the children, as well as the caregivers, in the sense of experiencing feelings of insecurity. These findings ecologically tension the interaction in the proximal processes present in human development. Further reflections on the implications of institutional shelter-based practices for child development are needed to provide comprehensive care.(AU)
Este estudio cualitativo tuvo como objetivo comprender, desde la perspectiva de la teoría bioecológica del desarrollo, las implicaciones de la práctica profesional en el proceso de acogida de niños en una institución infantil desde la perspectiva de las cuidadoras. Las participantes fueron 10 profesionales de una institución de acogida infantil ubicada en la región Sur de Brasil. Se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada, y para la organización y análisis de datos se aplicó Grounded Theory, con el uso del software Atlas.ti 8.4.14. Los resultados mostraron que las acciones de recepción y atención se centran en el cuidado físico de los niños. Las acciones de promoción de apoyo y cuidado emocional dentro del alojamiento se asignaron a los profesionales del equipo técnico de la institución. Se observó que las dificultades encontradas por las cuidadoras estaban relacionadas con la falta de seguridad y preparación para responder y aceptar las demandas emocionales de los niños, las cuales se encuentran presentes en diferentes momentos del proceso de acogida. Se notó que las prácticas institucionales afectaron decisivamente tanto las acciones de acogida de las participantes como el apoyo emocional que la institución brinda a los niños durante su paso, así como a las cuidadoras en el sentido de experimentar sentimientos de inseguridad en el trabajo. Estos resultados tensan ecológicamente la interacción en los procesos proximales presentes en el desarrollo humano. Se aboga por reflexionar sobre las implicaciones de las prácticas institucionales en los alojamientos institucionales y el desarrollo infantil, apuntando a la atención integral de los acogidos.(AU)