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1.
BMC Vet Res ; 20(1): 379, 2024 Aug 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39182079

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Feeding milk substitutes with low iron content or whole milk without iron supplementation is considered a major factor in developing iron-deficiency anemia in neonatal dairy calves. Young calves are often supplemented with iron dextran injections on the first day of life to prevent anemia. However, the effects of preventive treatment and the presence of disease on serum iron (Fe) concentrations, serum ferritin levels, and hematological blood parameters during the early neonatal stages have not been examined in detail. Therefore, we examined and evaluated the effects of iron dextran injections and health status on the development of hematocrit (Ht), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), erythrocyte indices (mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), Fe, and serum ferritin concentrations in dairy calves within the first 10 days of life. The suitability of serum ferritin as a reliable indicator of anemia in very young calves was evaluated by correlating ferritin concentrations with known laboratory diagnostic parameters of anemia. RESULTS: Iron supplementation significantly increased Fe levels (P = 0.048) but did not affect serum ferritin levels in neonatal calves. Fe concentrations were significantly lower in diseased than healthy calves (P = 0.0417). Iron supplementation significantly affected the health status, as observed in Ht (Ptreat=0.0057; Phealth=0.0097), RBC (Ptreat=0.0342; Phealth=0.0243), and Hb (Ptreat=0.0170; Phealth=0.0168). Serum ferritin levels did not significantly correlate with Fe levels. Both groups showed marked differences in ferritin levels, with the highest levels measured on day 2. Fe concentrations showed weak negative correlations with Hb and Ht levels on day 3 (ρ=-0.45; P = 0.0034 and ρ=-0.045; P = 0.0032, respectively). RBC count showed strong positive correlations with Hb and Ht levels (ρ = 0.91 and ρ = 0.93; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Iron dextran injections increased Fe concentrations but reduced Ht level, RBC count, and Hb level. The presence of diseases led to a reduction in Fe and higher values of Ht, RBC, and Hb in moderate disease than in severe disease. Due to physiological fluctuations during the first 3 days of life, serum ferritin level seems unuseful for evaluating iron storage before day 4 of life.


Subject(s)
Animals, Newborn , Cattle Diseases , Ferritins , Iron-Dextran Complex , Animals , Cattle/blood , Animals, Newborn/blood , Ferritins/blood , Iron-Dextran Complex/administration & dosage , Iron-Dextran Complex/pharmacology , Cattle Diseases/blood , Iron/blood , Iron/administration & dosage , Hematocrit/veterinary , Hemoglobins/analysis , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/veterinary , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/blood , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/drug therapy , Female , Erythrocyte Indices/veterinary
2.
Sensors (Basel) ; 24(15)2024 Jul 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39123836

ABSTRACT

This study presents a portable, low-cost, point-of-care (POC) system for the simultaneous detection of blood glucose and hematocrit. The system consists of a disposable origami microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) for plasma separation, filtration, and reaction functions and a 3D-printed cassette for hematocrit and blood glucose detection using a smartphone. The origami µPAD is patterned using a cost-effective label printing technique instead of the conventional wax printing method. The 3D-printed cassette incorporates an array of LED lights, which mitigates the effects of intensity variations in the ambient light and hence improves the accuracy of the blood glucose and hematocrit concentration measurements. The hematocrit concentration is determined quantitatively by measuring the distance of plasma wicking along the upper layer of the origami µPAD, which is pretreated with sodium chloride and Tween 20 to induce dehydration and aggregation of the red blood cells. The filtered plasma also penetrates to the lower layer of the origami µPAD, where it reacts with embedded colorimetric assay reagents to produce a yellowish-brown complex. A color image of the reaction complex is captured using a smartphone inserted into the 3D-printed cassette. The image is analyzed using self-written RGB software to quantify the blood glucose concentration. The calibration results indicate that the proposed detection platform provides an accurate assessment of the blood glucose level over the range of 45-630 mg/dL (R2 = 0.9958). The practical feasibility of the proposed platform is demonstrated by measuring the blood glucose and hematocrit concentrations in 13 human whole blood samples. Taking the measurements obtained from commercial glucose and hematocrit meters as a benchmark, the proposed system has a differential of no more than 6.4% for blood glucose detection and 9.1% for hematocrit detection. Overall, the results confirm that the proposed µPAD is a promising solution for cost-effective and reliable POC health monitoring.


Subject(s)
Blood Glucose , Paper , Point-of-Care Systems , Printing, Three-Dimensional , Smartphone , Hematocrit , Humans , Blood Glucose/analysis , Colorimetry/instrumentation , Colorimetry/methods , Lab-On-A-Chip Devices , Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/instrumentation , Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/methods
3.
Aerosp Med Hum Perform ; 95(9): 683-687, 2024 Sep 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39169498

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Pilots are frequently exposed to thrombotic risk as a result of immobility from air travel. As hypoxemia is associated with secondary polycythemia, and polycythemia increases the risk of thrombosis, intermittent exposure to high-altitude hypoxic environments could escalate the risk of thrombosis in pilots. Our objectives were to find the prevalence of polycythemia in airplane pilots (primary outcome) and to assess associated risk factors of polycythemia (secondary outcome).METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data was collected from paper-based and computerized medical records of airplane pilots who applied for Class 1 Aviation Medical Certificate renewal at the Institute of Aviation Medicine, Royal Thai Air Force, Bangkok, Thailand, in 2018. The data was sampled by a simple random sampling technique.RESULTS: A total of 386 paper-based records were sampled. Of those, 29 (7.5%) of the pilots met polycythemia criteria. Spearman's correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and hemoglobin (correlation coefficient = 0.127) and between BMI and hematocrit (correlation coefficient = 0.105). In multivariate logistic regression of each variable on polycythemia as defined by hemoglobin alone, piloting a non-pressurized aircraft was found to be an independent predictor of polycythemia (odds ratio = 4.3).DISCUSSION: The prevalence of polycythemia in airplane pilots was 7.5%. Operating a non-pressurized aircraft was a significant risk factor of polycythemia, and pilots with higher BMI were more likely to have increased red blood cell parameters.Thanapaisan P, Plaingam M, Manyanont S. Polycythemia prevalence and risk factors in pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(9):683-687.


Subject(s)
Aerospace Medicine , Pilots , Polycythemia , Humans , Polycythemia/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Male , Adult , Pilots/statistics & numerical data , Thailand/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Hematocrit , Female , Body Mass Index , Hemoglobins/analysis , Military Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Aircraft
4.
Expert Opin Pharmacother ; 25(11): 1439-1452, 2024 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39106053

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The treatment landscape of polycythemia vera (PV) has seen major advancements within the last decade including approval of ruxolitinib in the second line setting after hydroxyurea, ropegylated interferon-α2b, and advanced clinical development of a novel class of agents called hepcidin mimetics. AREAS COVERED: We provide a comprehensive review of the evidence discussing the risk stratification, treatment indications, role and limitations of phlebotomy only approach and pivotal trials covering nuances related to the use of interferon-α (IFN-α), ruxolitinib, hepcidin mimetics, and upcoming investigational agents including HDAC and LSD1 inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION: The research paradigm in PV is slowly shifting from the sole focus on hematocrit control and moving toward disease modification. The discovery of hepcidin mimetics has come as a breakthrough in restoring iron homeostasis, achieving phlebotomy-independence and may lead to improved thrombosis-free survival with stricter hematocrit control. On the other hand, emerging data with IFN- α and ruxolitinib as well as combination of the two agents suggests the potential for achieving molecular remission in a subset of PV patients and long-term follow-up is awaited to validate the correlation of molecular responses with clinically relevant outcomes of progression-free and thrombosis-free survival.


Subject(s)
Interferon-alpha , Nitriles , Phlebotomy , Polycythemia Vera , Pyrazoles , Polycythemia Vera/drug therapy , Humans , Nitriles/therapeutic use , Pyrazoles/therapeutic use , Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use , Pyrimidines/therapeutic use , Hepcidins/metabolism , Interferon alpha-2/therapeutic use , Hematocrit
5.
Soft Matter ; 20(33): 6681-6683, 2024 Aug 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39087430

ABSTRACT

In this answer, we provide our arguments in support of the possibility to observe the single file-organization of red blood cells in microvessels and the resulting unexpectedly weak increase of blood viscosity with increasing hematocrit, the physiological relevance of which was questioned in the comment. The key element is that the equivalent diameter in 3D for the maximal hematocrit corresponding to a single file of red blood cells is about 10 µm and not 20 µm, as in 2D. In addition, the viscosity contrast (ratio between the cell internal and external viscosities) value must be chosen in our 2D simulation in a such a way that the effective viscosity (a linear combination of the internal, external and membrane viscosities) be close to that of a real RBC. Taking these two facts into account, we find a reasonable agreement between our 2D viscosity simulations data and experimental data, despite the crude 2D assumption.


Subject(s)
Erythrocytes , Rheology , Erythrocytes/cytology , Blood Viscosity , Humans , Viscosity , Hematocrit
6.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 19047, 2024 08 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39152204

ABSTRACT

To examine child-parent associations of HCT among Japanese adults and their parents. Factors associated with hematocrit (HCT) were analyzed in 3,574 sons and 7,203 daughters using Pearson's correlation coefficient and Student's t-test. Multiple linear regression analysis, adjusted by the factors identified by univariate analyses and by living with parents, was performed on 242 son-parent trios and 587 daughter-parent trios. When a child-parent association was observed in the multiple linear regression analysis, it was validated using the random family method (RFM). In univariate analyses, the son's HCT was associated with age (correlation coefficient = -0.072), white blood cell (WBC) (0.19), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (0.20), triglyceride (0.11), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (- 0.087). The daughter's HCT was associated with WBC (0.014), ALT (0.18), and eGFR (- 0.17). In multiple linear regression analysis, the son's HCT was associated with the son's WBC (coefficient = 3.48 × 10-4), the son's eGFR (0.031), the father's HCT (0.11), and the mother's HCT (0.17). RFM confirmed the association between the son's and father's HCT (p = 0.0070) and between the son's and mother's HCT (p = 0.0011). The daughter's HCT was associated with WBC (2.6 × 10-4), ALT (0.037), and the mother's HCT (0.14). RFM confirmed the association between the daughter's and mother's HCT (p = 0.00043). Child-parent association of HCT was confirmed between son-father, son-mother, and daughter-mother relationships, and differed depending on the sex of the child and the parents.


Subject(s)
Hematocrit , Parents , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cohort Studies , East Asian People , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Japan , Linear Models
7.
Eur J Radiol ; 178: 111659, 2024 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39096824

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Calculation of extracellular volume fraction (ECV), a marker of myocardial fibrosis in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), requires hematocrit (Hct). We aimed to correlate Hct levels with native blood T1 times, to derive a formula for estimating synthetic Hct (Hctsyn) and synthetic ECV (ECVsyn), to assess accuracy of ECVsyn and to compare our model with published formulas. METHOD: In this retrospective study, a cohort of 250 CMR scans with T1 mapping (3T, MOLLI 5(3)3, endsystolic aquisition), was divided into a derivation and validation cohort. Native T1 times of the left ventricular blood pool (T1native,midLV) were correlated with Hct levels from blood sampling within 24 h (Hct24h) and a formula for calculation of Hctsyn was derived by linear regression. RESULTS: In the derivation cohort (n = 167), Hct24h showed a good association with T1native,midLV (r = -0.711, p < 0.001). The resulting regression equation was Hctsyn = 1/T1native,midLV * 1355.52-0.310. In the validation cohort (n = 83), Hctsyn and Hct24h showed good correlation (r = 0.726, p < 0.001), while ECVsyn, and ECV24h demonstrated excellent correlation (r = 0.940, p < 0.001). ECVsyn had a minimal bias of 0.28 % and the misclassification rate (8.8 %) was comparable to the variability introduced by repeated Hct measurements (misclassification in 7.5 %). Applying published formulas in our cohort resulted in incorrect classification in up to 60 %. CONCLUSION: We provide a formula for estimating Hctsyn from native blood T1 on a 3T scanner. The measurement error of ECVsyn is low and comparable to the error due to retest variability of conventional Hct. Scanner- and sequence-specific formulas should be used.


Subject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Humans , Hematocrit , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Adult , Aged , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods , Sensitivity and Specificity , Algorithms
8.
Ren Fail ; 46(2): 2377781, 2024 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39148318

ABSTRACT

Background: Management of body fluid volumes and adequate prescription of ultrafiltration (UF) remain key issues in the treatment of chronic kidney disease patients.Objective: This study aims to estimate the magnitude as well as the precision of absolute blood volume (Vb) modeled during regular hemodialysis (HD) using standard data available with modern dialysis machines.Methods: The estimation utilizes a two-compartment fluid model and a mathematical optimization technique to predict UF-induced changes in hematocrit measured by available on-line techniques. The method does not rely on a specific hematocrit sensor or a specific UF or volume infusion protocol and uses modeling and prediction tools to quantify the error in Vb estimation.Results: The method was applied to 21 treatments (pre-UF body mass: 65.57±13.44 kg, UF-volume: 3.99±1.14 L) obtained in ten patients (4 female). Pre-HD Vb was 5.4±0.53 L with an average coefficient of variation of 9.8% (range 1 to 22%). A significant moderate correlation was obtained when Vb was compared to a different method applied to the same data set (r = 0.5). Specific blood volumes remained above the critical level of 65 mL/kg in 17 treatments (80.9%).Conclusion: The method offers the opportunity to detect critical blood volumes during HD and to judge the quality and reliability of that information based on the precision of the Vb estimate.


Subject(s)
Blood Volume , Renal Dialysis , Humans , Female , Renal Dialysis/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Hematocrit , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Blood Volume Determination/methods , Adult , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood
9.
Biol Pharm Bull ; 47(7): 1396-1404, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39085138

ABSTRACT

Estimation of the continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) clearance (CLCHDF) of ganciclovir (GCV) is crucial for achieving efficient treatment outcomes. Here, we aimed to clarify the contribution of diafiltration, adsorption, and hematocrit level to the CLCHDF of GCV in an in vitro CHDF model using three membranes: polyacrylonitrile and sodium methallyl sulfonate copolymer coated with polyethylenimine (AN69ST); polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA); and polysulfone (PS). In vitro CHDF was performed with effluent flow rates (Qe) of 800, 1500, and 3000 mL/h. The initial GCV concentration was 10 µg/mL while that of human serum albumin (HSA) was 0 or 5 g/dL. The CLCHDF, diafiltration rates, and adsorption rates were calculated. The whole blood-to-plasma ratio (R) of GCV for a hematocrit of 0.1 to 0.5 was determined using blood samples with 0.5 to 100 µg/mL of GCV. The in vitro CHDF experiment using AN69ST, PMMA, and PS membranes showed that the total CLCHDF values were almost the same as the Qe and not influenced by the HSA concentration. The diafiltration rate exceeded 88.1 ± 2.8% while the adsorption rate was lower than 9.4 ± 9.4% in all conditions. The R value was 1.89 ± 0.11 and was similar at all hematocrit levels and GCV concentrations. In conclusion, diafiltration mainly contributes to the CLCHDF of GCV, rather than adsorption. Hematocrit levels might not affect the relationship between the plasma and blood CLCHDF of GCV, and the CLCHDF of GCV can be estimated from the Qe and R, at least in vitro.


Subject(s)
Acrylic Resins , Ganciclovir , Hemodiafiltration , Humans , Hemodiafiltration/methods , Adsorption , Ganciclovir/pharmacokinetics , Ganciclovir/blood , Ganciclovir/administration & dosage , Hematocrit , Acrylic Resins/chemistry , Antiviral Agents/blood , Antiviral Agents/pharmacokinetics , Polymethyl Methacrylate/chemistry , Polymers/chemistry , Membranes, Artificial
10.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 17154, 2024 07 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39060316

ABSTRACT

To develop and validate a diagnostic prediction model based on blood parameters for predicting the pertussis in children. A retrospective study of 477 children with suspected pertussis at Zigong First People's Hospital was performed between January 2020 and December 2021. The patients were randomly divided into training cohort and validation cohort. Stepwise regression and R software was performed to develop and validate the model. Stepwise regression analysis showed that white blood cell (WBC), hematocrit (HCT), lymphocyte (LYMPH), C-reactive protein (CRP) and platelet distribution width to mean platelet volume ratio (PDW-MPV-R) were found to be independent factors associated with pertussis. The model containing WBC, CRP and PDW-MPV-R had the best performance. The area under curve (ROC, 0.77 for the training cohort and 0.80 for the validation cohort) of the model indicated satisfactory discriminative ability. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 72.1% and 72.6% in training cohort and 74% and 72.1%, respectively, in validation cohort. Based on the ROC analysis, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis, we concluded that the model exhibited excellent performance. A model based on blood parameters is sufficiently accurate to predict the probability of pertussis in children, and may provide some reference for clinical decisions.


Subject(s)
C-Reactive Protein , Whooping Cough , Humans , Whooping Cough/diagnosis , Whooping Cough/blood , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Retrospective Studies , Infant , Child , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , ROC Curve , Leukocyte Count , Sensitivity and Specificity , Hematocrit
11.
Transplant Proc ; 56(6): 1327-1331, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38972760

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Tacrolimus (TAC) is a narrow therapeutic range drug that requires therapeutic drug monitoring. TAC concentration is measured using whole blood owing to its high red blood cell (RBC) transfer rate of 95%. The distribution and whole-blood TAC concentration may be affected by the transfusion of red cell concentrates (RCCs); however, this has not been studied in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). Therefore, we investigated the relationship between changes in whole-blood TAC concentration and RBC parameters before and after RCC transfusion in KTR. METHODS: Fifteen KTR who received TAC and RCC transfusions were enrolled. The change rates of RBC parameters (RBC count, hemoglobin [Hgb], hematocrit [Hct]), and TAC concentration/dose before and after transfusion were calculated. The correlation between each RBC parameter and the TAC rate was evaluated. RESULTS: The TAC concentration and rate increased after RCC transfusion. Moreover, the TAC rate showed a significant and strong correlation with RBC count, Hgb, and Hct, with RBC count showing the highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.811, 0.766, and 0.764, respectively; p < .01). Serum creatinine and potassium levels remained stable, suggesting the absence of typical adverse effects associated with TAC, such as acute kidney injury or hyperkalemia. CONCLUSION: Changes in whole-blood TAC concentration and RBC parameters were correlated, and whole-blood TAC concentration increased after RCC transfusion. Therefore, the TAC dose should be adjusted accordingly.


Subject(s)
Erythrocyte Transfusion , Immunosuppressive Agents , Kidney Transplantation , Tacrolimus , Humans , Tacrolimus/blood , Immunosuppressive Agents/blood , Female , Middle Aged , Male , Adult , Hematocrit , Erythrocytes , Hemoglobins/analysis , Erythrocyte Count
12.
Scand J Med Sci Sports ; 34(8): e14701, 2024 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39049501

ABSTRACT

Combat sports athletes often undergo rapid body mass loss (BML), which presents health risks. Hydration testing has been proposed as a possible solution to reduce or eliminate rapid BML. However, combat sports athletes may exhibit distinct physiological characteristics due to repeated exposure to BML. Thus, traditional and emerging hydration biomarkers should be investigated to determine their potential suitability for field use in this cohort. This study examined whether BML can explain changes in serum and urine osmolality (SosmΔ, UosmΔ), tear osmolarity (TosmΔ), hematocrit (HctΔ), and urine-specific gravity (USGΔ) after mild-moderate passive dehydration. Biomarker reliability was also assessed across two trials. Fifteen male and female combat sports athletes (age: 26.3 ± 5.3 years, body mass: 67.7 ± 9.9 kg) underwent a sauna protocol twice (5-28 days apart) aiming for 4% BML. The average BML in Trials 1 and 2 was 3.0 ± 0.7%. Regression analysis revealed that BML explained HctΔ (R2 = 0.22, p = 0.009) but not SosmΔ (R2 = 0.11, p = 0.079) or other biomarkers. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were significant for all biomarkers except TosmΔ (ICC = 0.06, p = 0.37) and post-Tosm (ICC = 0.04, p = 0.42); post-Hct performed best (ICC = 0.82, p < 0.001). Contingency tables with post-Sosm (295 mOsm/kg) and post-USG (1.020) cutoffs revealed an 80% true negative rate (TNR) and a 62% true positive rate (TPR). Increasing the Sosm cutoff to 301 mOsm/kg decreased the TNR to 52% but increased the TPR to 83%. Although blood parameters were most sensitive to BML, they could only explain 11%-22% of biomarker variation. The typical USG cutoff misclassified 42% of athletes postdehydration, and reliability was generally poor-moderate. Alternative strategies should be pursued to manage rapid BML in combat sports.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers , Dehydration , Sweat , Tears , Humans , Male , Biomarkers/blood , Adult , Dehydration/diagnosis , Female , Osmolar Concentration , Young Adult , Sweat/chemistry , Specific Gravity , Hematocrit , Martial Arts/physiology , Steam Bath , Reproducibility of Results , Weight Loss , Athletes , Urine/chemistry
13.
Georgian Med News ; (349): 85-88, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38963208

ABSTRACT

Objectives - postmenopausal women (PMW) undergo a physiological phase of lack or insufficient female sex hormones resulting in some consequences including hematological deficits. The present study aimed to investigate the detection of anemia in postmenopausal women using easy laboratory tools. In this retrospective analysis of patient data collected during the period between 2014-2022. Data retrieved from PMW records were collected over 4 years and analyzed. In comparison to normal ranges, data of PMW has shown reduced levels of hemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. PMW has also shown elevated levels of red cell distribution width and levels of serum iron. Compared to normal ranges, no changes have been seen regarding red blood cell count, Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, unsaturated or total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation, serum ferritin, white blood cells count, and platelets. To provide in-depth investigation, we divide our participants into three groups according to their ages: 45-55 years, 56-65 years, and 66-80 years. The older the age, the more parameters are altered. The study highlighted the potential impact of postmenopausal hormone alteration on hematological parameters and the routine laboratory tools could be used to assess such alteration in blood parameters.


Subject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency , Erythrocyte Indices , Ferritins , Iron , Postmenopause , Humans , Female , Postmenopause/blood , Middle Aged , Aged , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/blood , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Aged, 80 and over , Iron/blood , Ferritins/blood , Hemoglobins/analysis , Hematocrit
14.
Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) ; 49(2): 205-216, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39028210

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In transgender individuals assigned female at birth, testosterone therapy is employed for body masculinization. Guidelines recommend close monitoring for potential side effects of hormonal therapy, especially during the first year. Erythrocytosis is a common finding during testosterone therapy and has been associated with a potential risk of thrombotic and cardiovascular events. Currently, the hematologic effects of testosterone therapy are understudied, with existing data primarily derived from the cisgender male population. The aim of this study was to comprehensively examine the hematological changes induced by testosterone therapy in the transgender population. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic search was conducted using the electronic database PubMed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Thirty-six manuscripts were retrieved. After screening for original studies, 19 articles were included. Selected articles were published between 2005 and 2023. CONCLUSIONS: In our systematic review, the prevalence of erythrocytosis varied from 0% to 29.3%, with severe erythrocytosis ranging from 0.5% to 2.3%. Testosterone therapy was associated with an increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit, particularly within the first year of therapy. Factors such as serum testosterone levels, along with the duration, doses, and formulation of testosterone therapy, were found to be associated with the development of erythrocytosis. Further research is crucial to provide specific recommendations for clinical practice.


Subject(s)
Polycythemia , Testosterone , Transgender Persons , Polycythemia/chemically induced , Polycythemia/epidemiology , Polycythemia/blood , Humans , Testosterone/adverse effects , Testosterone/blood , Testosterone/therapeutic use , Testosterone/administration & dosage , Male , Female , Hematocrit
15.
Undersea Hyperb Med ; 51(2): 173-184, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38985153

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study aimed to systematically analyze the existing literature and conduct a meta-analysis on the acute effects of apnea on the hematological response by assessing changes in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and hematocrit (Hct) values. Methods: Searches in Pubmed, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were carried out for studies in which the main intervention was voluntary hypoventilation, and Hb and Hct values were measured. Risk of bias and quality assessments were performed. Results: Nine studies with data from 160 participants were included, involving both subjects experienced in breath-hold sports and physically active subjects unrelated to breath-holding activities. The GRADE scale showed a "high" confidence for Hb concentration, with a mean absolute effect of 0.57 g/dL over control interventions. "Moderate" confidence appeared for Hct, where the mean absolute effect was 2.45% higher over control interventions. Hb concentration increased to a greater extent in the apnea group compared to the control group (MD = 0.57 g/dL [95% CI 0.28, 0.86], Z = 3.81, p = 0.0001) as occurred with Hct (MD = 2.45% [95% CI 0.98, 3.93], Z = 3.26, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Apnea bouts lead to a significant increase in the concentration of Hb and Hct with a high and moderate quality of evidence, respectively. Further trials on apnea and its application to different settings are needed.


Subject(s)
Hemoglobins , Humans , Apnea/blood , Apnea/etiology , Breath Holding , Hematocrit , Hemoglobins/analysis
16.
Nutrients ; 16(13)2024 Jun 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38999738

ABSTRACT

Athletes are increasingly relying on natural supplements to improve athletic performance. Echinacea, a common herbal supplement, has been studied for its potential erythropoietin-enhancing effects, with mixed results in the literature. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to determine whether echinacea supplementation has erythropoietic or ergogenic effects in athletes. A search strategy was developed to identify trials studying the impact of echinacea supplementation on erythropoiesis and maximal oxygen uptake. The database search yielded 502 studies, 496 of which were excluded in the two-reviewer screening process. Six studies with a total of 107 athletes were included in the analysis. For hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, there were small, positive effect sizes when comparing the difference in pre- and post-intervention levels between the echinacea and placebo groups, at 0.38 (p = 0.02, 95% CI -0.04-0.80, I2 = 70%) and 0.34 (p < 0.01, 95% CI -0.10-0.78, I2 = 86%), respectively, though they did not reach statistical significance. There was also no statistically significant change in erythropoietin (effect size -0.29, p = 0.05, 95% CI -0.75-0.17, I2 = 67%) or maximal oxygen uptake (effect size -0.20, p = 0.95, 95% CI -0.60-0.21, I2 = 0%). Echinacea supplementation did not influence erythropoietin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, or maximal oxygen uptake in athletes; however, the evidence base is limited.


Subject(s)
Athletes , Athletic Performance , Dietary Supplements , Echinacea , Erythropoiesis , Erythropoietin , Hemoglobins , Humans , Erythropoiesis/drug effects , Athletic Performance/physiology , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Hemoglobins/analysis , Hematocrit , Oxygen Consumption/drug effects , Male , Female , Adult , Performance-Enhancing Substances/administration & dosage
17.
Front Immunol ; 15: 1418249, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38994362

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Decreasing rates of blood donation and close margins between blood supply and demand pose challenges in healthcare. Genetically engineered pig red blood cells (pRBCs) have been explored as alternatives to human RBCs for transfusion, and triple-gene knockout (TKO) modification improves the compatibility of pRBCs with human blood in vitro. In this study, we assessed the efficacy and risks of transfusing wild-type (WT)- and TKO-pRBCs into nonhuman primates (NHPs). Methods: Blood from O-type WT and TKO pigs was processed to produce pRBCs for transfusion, which were transfused or not into NHPs (n=4 per group: WT, TKO, and control) after 25% total blood volume withdrawal: their biological responses were compared. Hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters were measured before, immediately after, and at intervals following transfusion. Two months later, a second transfusion was performed in three NHPs of the transfusion group. Results: Transfusion of both WT- and TKO-pRBCs significantly improved RBC counts, hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels up to the first day post-transfusion, compared to the controls. The transfusion groups showed instant complement activation and rapid elicitation of anti-pig antibodies, as well as elevated liver enzyme and bilirubin levels post-transfusion. Despite the higher agglutination titers with WT-pRBCs in the pre-transfusion crossmatch, the differences between the WT and TKO groups were not remarkable except for less impairment of liver function in the TKO group. After the second transfusion, more pronounced adverse responses without any hematological gain were observed. Conclusions: WT- and TKO-pRBC transfusions effectively increased hematologic parameters on the first day, with rapid clearance from circulation thereafter. However, pRBC transfusion triggers strong antibody responses, limiting the benefits of the pRBC transfusion and increasing the risk of adverse reactions.


Subject(s)
Erythrocyte Transfusion , Erythrocytes , Gene Knockout Techniques , Animals , Erythrocyte Transfusion/adverse effects , Erythrocyte Transfusion/methods , Swine , Erythrocytes/immunology , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Animals, Genetically Modified , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Galactosyltransferases/genetics , Galactosyltransferases/deficiency , Hematocrit , Female , Male , Primates
19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38874122

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thromboelastography (TEG), HCT, and platelet count measurements in a hemorrhage/over-resuscitation model. DESIGN: Randomized crossover study. SETTING: University teaching hospital. ANIMALS: Six cats. INTERVENTIONS: Anesthetized cats underwent 3 treatments at 2-month intervals. The treatments were as follows: NHR-no controlled hemorrhage and sham resuscitation; LRS-controlled hemorrhage and lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) for resuscitation; and Voluven-controlled hemorrhage and 6% tetrastarch 130/0.4 for resuscitation. The LRS and Voluven were administered at 60 and 20 mL/kg/h, respectively, for 120 minutes. Blood samples were drawn for PT, aPTT, TEG, HCT, and platelet count measurements at a healthy check (T - 7d), after controlled hemorrhage (T0), at 60 and 120 minutes of resuscitation (T60 and T120), and at 24 hours after completion of resuscitation (T24h). Data were analyzed using a general linear mixed model approach (significance was P < 0.05). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Total median blood loss (controlled hemorrhage and blood sampling from T0 to T120) at T120 was 11.4, 31.0, and 30.8 mL/kg for NHR, LRS, and Voluven, respectively. PT and aPTT during LRS and Voluven were prolonged at T60 and T120 compared to NHR (P < 0.001). On TEG, the reaction time, kinetic time, and alpha-angle were within reference intervals for cats at all time points in all treatments, while maximum amplitude was less than the reference interval (40 mm) at T0, T60, and T120 during Voluven and at T60 and T120 during LRS compared to NHR (both P < 0.001). The HCT and platelet count were significantly lower at T60 and T120 during LRS and Voluven compared to NHR (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Hypocoagulopathy was observed during hemorrhage and liberal fluid resuscitation. Prolongation of PT and aPPT and decreased clot strength may have been caused by hemodilution and platelet loss.


Subject(s)
Cross-Over Studies , Prothrombin Time , Resuscitation , Ringer's Lactate , Thrombelastography , Animals , Cats , Thrombelastography/veterinary , Thrombelastography/methods , Ringer's Lactate/administration & dosage , Ringer's Lactate/pharmacology , Platelet Count/veterinary , Prothrombin Time/veterinary , Hematocrit/veterinary , Partial Thromboplastin Time/veterinary , Resuscitation/veterinary , Resuscitation/methods , Hemorrhage/veterinary , Hemorrhage/blood , Cat Diseases/blood , Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives/pharmacology , Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives/administration & dosage , Male , Female , Gelatin/administration & dosage , Gelatin/pharmacology , Succinates
20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38909650

ABSTRACT

Amphibians are suffering population declines due to a variety of factors such as increased ultraviolet radiation, climate change, habitat loss, pathogens, and pollution, or a combination of these. Such changes are associated with a reduction in the availability of water, exposing these animals to a greater risk of desiccation. In this context, understanding how dehydration can modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis (HPI) and the immune response is an imperative question to predict how stressors can affect amphibian species. We investigated whether dehydration promotes long-lasting effects on toads' ability to respond to a consecutive stressor (restraint) even if the toads are allowed to rehydrate, as well as its effects on the immune function. We also tested the hypothesis that the toads showing more severe dehydration would exhibit lower responsiveness to restraint challenge, even if the animals were allowed to rehydrate. Individuals of R. ornata were dehydrated mildly and severely. Thereafter, they were submitted to a restraint stress challenge for 1 and 24 h. Our results show that dehydration increased hematocrit and CORT in R. ornata toads. The restraint induced an acute stress response in fully hydrated toads (increased CORT and neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio). Otherwise, restraint in moistened cloth bags allowed full rehydration in previously dehydrated toads and did not induce an additional increase in CORT, but those toads sustained elevated CORT up to 24 h of restraint. Also, these animals showed increased neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio and the phagocytic activity of blood cells, even when they rehydrated during restraint. These results point to a continuous activation of the HPA during dehydration and subsequent restraint, even when they recovered from the dehydration state. Also, acute stressors seem to promote immune cell redistribution and augmentation of immune cellular function in R. ornata toads.


Subject(s)
Corticosterone , Dehydration , Restraint, Physical , Animals , Corticosterone/blood , Stress, Physiological , Bufonidae/physiology , Bufonidae/immunology , Hematocrit , Anura/physiology , Anura/immunology
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