ABSTRACT
Aeromonas hydrophila causes disease in fish known as Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS), also named as bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia. In this study, a pathogenic A. hydrophila strain was isolated from common carp Cyprinus carpio L., which were suffering from severe hemorrhagic septicemia. According to the phylogenetic analysis derived from 16S rDNA sequence, the isolate formed a single branch in the A. hydrophila group, named AhHN1. Artificial infection results indicated that AhHN1 showed strong pathogenicity in C. carpio and the LD50 was 1.38 × 106 CFU/fish, the clinical symptoms and pathological features of infected fish were similar to those observed in natural infections. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that AhHN1 resistance to more than 13 kinds of antimicrobial agents. However, the AhHN1 strain exhibited an extremely sensitivity to enrofloxacin, the in vitro activities of enrofloxacin were subsequently investigated and drug selection window (MSW) was 0.0016-0.0125 µg/ml. Pharmacokinetics data showed that plasma concentration of enrofloxacin was 0.0016, 0.0148 and 0.0282 µg/ml at 24 hr after orally administered with 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg enrofloxacin. Moreover, dosing once a day of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg enrofloxacin, which the relative protection ratio (RPS) was amounted to 33.3, 66.7, and 83.3%, respectively. Therefore, 5 mg/kg enrofloxacin was considered to be the rational regimen for controlling AhHN1 infection in C. carpio in the countries where the use of enrofloxacin is permitted in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to establish a scientific medication regimen for the prevention and therapy of the mutidrug-resistant A. hydrophila infection.
Subject(s)
Aeromonas hydrophila/pathogenicity , Fish Diseases/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/veterinary , Aeromonas hydrophila/drug effects , Aeromonas hydrophila/isolation & purification , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Aquaculture , Carps , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Enrofloxacin/administration & dosage , Enrofloxacin/pharmacology , Fish Diseases/drug therapy , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Hemorrhagic Septicemia/drug therapy , Hemorrhagic Septicemia/microbiology , Hemorrhagic Septicemia/veterinarySubject(s)
BK Virus/drug effects , Cystitis/drug therapy , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Hemorrhagic Septicemia/drug therapy , Polyomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Tumor Virus Infections/prevention & control , Cystitis/immunology , Hemorrhagic Septicemia/immunology , Humans , Polyomavirus Infections/drug therapy , Polyomavirus Infections/virology , Tumor Virus Infections/drug therapy , Tumor Virus Infections/virologyABSTRACT
Acute hemorrhage is a sometimes serious complication that may arise in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with coagulopathy. The usual therapy is transfusion of blood components: fresh frozen plasma, platelets, fibrinogen, red cell concentrate and vitamin K. Tolerance or response can sometimes be poor. We present three patients aged 18 months, 4.5 and 10 years who suffered an acute episode of severe, life-threatening hemorrhage in the course of meningococcal sepsis (gastric hemorrhage), myelomonocytic leukemia (during splenectomy) and in the postoperative period after cardiovascular surgery. Traditional therapy was ineffective and activated factor VII was administered at doses of 50-70 microg/kg, with rapid control of bleeding.
Subject(s)
Factor VIIa/therapeutic use , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Hemorrhagic Septicemia/drug therapy , Postoperative Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Acute Disease , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Child, Preschool , Drug Administration Schedule , Factor VIIa/administration & dosage , Female , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/complications , Hemorrhagic Septicemia/microbiology , Hemostasis , Humans , Infant , Male , Meningococcal Infections/complications , Severity of Illness Index , Shock, Septic , Splenectomy , Thrombocytopenia/etiology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Severe systemic sepsis after percutaneous drainage of liver abscess is rare. We report two cases of hepato-venous fistulas between hepatic abscesses and hepatic/portal veins documented on abscessography during percutaneous drainage of liver abscesses, which resulted in severe sepsis and a stormy post drainage clinical course. Liver abscesses can rupture into the portal and hepatic veins causing worsening of systemic sepsis especially when they are in close proximity to each other. During percutaneous drainage, care must also be taken to avoid overinjection of the abscess, which can worsen the fistula. The ensuing sepsis is severe and requires aggressive intensive medical care and ventilatory support to tide the patient over the septic episode.
Subject(s)
Biliary Fistula/complications , Drainage/methods , Liver Abscess/complications , Liver Abscess/surgery , Sepsis/etiology , Aged , Biliary Fistula/diagnostic imaging , Catheterization/methods , Drainage/adverse effects , Female , Hemorrhagic Septicemia/drug therapy , Hemorrhagic Septicemia/etiology , Hepatic Veins/physiopathology , Humans , Klebsiella/pathogenicity , Liver Abscess/diagnostic imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Portal Vein/physiopathology , Sepsis/drug therapy , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Bird Diseases/pathology , Hemorrhagic Septicemia/veterinary , Pasteurella Infections/veterinary , Pasteurella multocida/isolation & purification , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary/therapeutic use , Bird Diseases/drug therapy , Bird Diseases/microbiology , Disease Outbreaks , Drug Therapy, Combination , Edema/pathology , Hemorrhage/pathology , Hemorrhagic Septicemia/drug therapy , Hemorrhagic Septicemia/pathology , Pasteurella Infections/drug therapy , Pasteurella Infections/pathology , Pasteurella multocida/classification , Pasteurella multocida/immunology , Pharynx/pathology , Saudi Arabia , Struthioniformes , Sulfamethoxazole/therapeutic use , Tracheitis/pathology , Treatment Outcome , Trimethoprim/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Information based on field observations of Veterinary Officers in nine districts of Punjab, Pakistan showed 11% incidence, 9% mortality and 78% case fatality rates of haemorrhagic septicaemia in buffalo, whereas these values were 4%, 2.5% and 62% in cattle. Disease incidence was higher in 0-24-month-old animals and groups of less than 10 animals. The disease was seasonal, occurring only in rainy seasons of the year, and victims were only cattle and buffalo. The clinical course of the disease was generally 1-2 days. symptoms included high temperature, salivation, swelling of the throat and difficulty in breathing and could result in death. Successful treatment was reported if antibiotics were given at the initial stages of the disease. Various combinations of sulphur drugs and antibiotics were considered more effective. The results of the questionnaire survey suggest that a favourable response was obtained using clamoxyl LA, farmox 15%, vesulong, gentakel and chloramphenicol. Previous vaccination of livestock with the alum-precipitated formalinized broth culture of Pasteurella multocida vaccine (bacterin) was not considered to protect against field outbreaks.