ABSTRACT
This text presents the partial results of ongoing research into deafness in history teaching and historiography between 2015 and 2022. The study problematizes the place of disabled people in top-ranking periodicals (the top two categories in Brazil) and in pedagogical projects on degree courses in history (with and without teacher-training certification) at the University of São Paulo and the State University of Campinas. These universities were chosen because they topped the ranking in a survey conducted by Folha de S.Paulo newspaper. The study observes how the Brazilian Inclusion Law (law 13.146, of July 6, 2015) is incorporated into the initial training of these professionals.
O texto aponta resultados parciais de uma pesquisa em andamento sobre a surdez no ensino de história e na produção historiográfica entre 2015 e 2022. O trabalho problematiza o lugar da pessoa com deficiência nos periódicos A1 e A2 e nos projetos pedagógicos de cursos de graduação em história (formação de professores e pesquisadores) da Universidade de São Paulo e da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, por conta de serem indicadas como as mais bem posicionadas no ranking de uma pesquisa realizada pela Folha de S.Paulo, levando-se em conta os critérios de articulação entre a Lei Brasileira de Inclusão, lei 13.146, de 6 de julho de 2015, e a formação inicial desses profissionais.
Subject(s)
Deafness , Historiography , Humans , Brazil , Deafness/history , Universities/history , History, 21st Century , Disabled Persons/history , Disabled Persons/legislation & jurisprudence , Disabled Persons/educationABSTRACT
This article analyses the advertising of patent medicine directed at mothers, which circulated in newspapers between 1903 and 1945. It demonstrates that these advertisings played an important role in shaping women as a consumer demographic, promoting a scientific approach to motherhood intertwined with health challenges. The methodology employed included the analysis of advertisements in the newspapers El Tiempo, La Prensa, Rigoletto, El Faro and Evolución. Additionally, it examines the historiography of the subject in Colombia and other latitudes. The conclusion of this study asserts that motherhood was a significant target for pharmaceutical industries, leading to a commercial concept of motherhood.
Este artículo analiza la publicidad de medicamentos de patentes dirigida a las madres en la prensa colombiana entre 1903 y 1945. Muestra cómo estos anuncios jugaron un papel importante al momento de moldear a la mujer como una población objeto de consumo, estableciendo una maternidad científica por medio de la medicalización. La metodología incluyó el análisis de los avisos publicitarios en los periódicos El Tiempo, La Prensa, Rigoletto, El Faro y Evolución. Igualmente, dialogó con la historiografía de la temática producida en Colombia y otras latitudes. Concluyó que la maternidad fue un nicho importante para la venta de medicamentos, provocando la conformación de una idea comercial de lo materno.
Subject(s)
Advertising , Historiography , Female , Humans , Colombia , Mothers , Drug IndustryABSTRACT
This article briefly reviews the development of the history of psychology as a specialized discipline in Peru, in order to learn about the emergence, organization and productivity of the Peruvian Society of the History of Psychology (SPHP), which was founded in 2012. Previously, by way of introduction, the advances in the institutionalization of the history of psychology in Latin America and the development of the historiography of psychology in Peru are described. Seminars, journals, and books edited by the SPHP are discussed, as well as new projects and the challenges that must be faced for a greater dissemination of the history of psychology in Peru. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Subject(s)
Historiography , Peru , Latin America , Societies , Organizations , PsychologyABSTRACT
As the first two decades of the 20th century unfolded, clinical psychologists, who had until then been mainly associated with intelligence testing, attempted to implement a specific psychological method-Carl Gustav Jung's (1875-1961) word-association "test"-in individual personality assessments. As one of the early clinical psychologists who attempted to use the method, Carl Ransom Rogers (1902-1987) is conspicuously absent from the historiography of clinical psychological testing. In fact, historians have recently suggested that we are lacking narratives about Rogers' early ideas and techniques in the context of both the development of clinical psychology and the emergence of psychological testing as clinicians' foremost scholarly activity. In light of the above, this paper pursues two main goals. First, it attempts to reconstruct Rogers' first original research project on emotional adjustment testing in young children in the broader context of the development of word-association tests as carried out by Jung and Whately Smith (1892-1947). Second, it aims to reconstruct Rogers' earliest theoretical ideas as well as his epistemological assumptions regarding test objectivity, validity and reliability. By drawing on unpublished documents and heretofore overlooked primary sources I show that although Rogers initially drew from Jung and Smith's complex and refined tradition, he ultimately rejected it as well as the tests themselves. At first drawn to Smith's quantitative, empiricist and experimental philosophy of psychology, Rogers was deterred when the data gathered through his own research in 1927 suggested that word association tests had no real, effective clinical value when used in children. By showcasing the complex process of test construction and validation undertaken by 1920s clinical psychologists, Rogers' case illustrates the research practices, the methodological problems and the epistemological dilemmas faced by most if not all of his contemporaries.
Subject(s)
Historiography , Psychology, Clinical , Child , Humans , Child, Preschool , Emotional Adjustment , Reproducibility of Results , PhilosophyABSTRACT
The article initially presents an increasingly significant move of discussions about the Anthropocene towards humanities and social sciences. Then, taking as a starting point the proposal that these fields could contribute to the understanding of the "consequential meta-level" of studies on the Anthropocene, it discusses how some works produced in humanities and social sciences have dealt with the relationship between causes, effects and consequences regarding the new planetary regime, with a special focus on the debate about the "technosphere." It concludes by indicating the potential of the "ontological turn" to expand the explanatory and communicative horizons of historiography.
O artigo mostra, inicialmente, como as discussões sobre o Antropoceno têm se deslocado de maneira cada vez mais significativa para o campo das ciências humanas. Em seguida, tomando como ponto de partida a proposta de que as ciências humanas deveriam contribuir para a compreensão do "metanível consequencial" dos estudos sobre o Antropoceno, discute como alguns trabalhos produzidos nesse campo têm lidado com as relações entre causas, efeitos e consequências diante das condições do novo regime planetário, considerando de maneira especial as discussões sobre a "tecnosfera". Conclui indicando o potencial das novas perspectivas ontológicas das ciências humanas para a ampliação dos horizontes explicativos e comunicativos da historiografia.
Subject(s)
Historiography , Humans , Humanities , Social SciencesABSTRACT
These notes address the proliferation of discourses with improvised, uninformed, apocalyptic and voluntarist approaches. They emphasize issues such as the widespread ignorance about the history of epidemics, and the inability to deal with the uncertainties that reign during pandemic times, as well as the announcements that this extraordinary health/sanitary event would produce a profound watershed in all walks of life and in all corners of the world. Finally, these notes seek to point out how the present can illuminate the study of the past - or, more personally, what I think I have learned as a historian in the times of the covid-19 pandemic.
Estas notas abordan la proliferación de discursos con enfoques improvisados, desinformados, apocalípticos y voluntaristas. Enfatizan cuestiones como la ignorancia sobre la historia de las epidemias, y también la incapacidad para lidiar con las incertidumbres que reinan durante las pandemias, así como los anuncios que este extraordinario evento sanitario produciría un profundo parteaguas en todos los órdenes de la vida y en todos los rincones del mundo. Finalmente, estas notas buscan señalar cómo el presente puede iluminar el estudio del pasado o, de modo más personal, lo que creo haber aprendido como historiador en los tiempos de la pandemia de la covid-19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Historiography , Humans , Pandemics/prevention & control , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & controlABSTRACT
We performed a critical review of the historiographical studies on biogeography. We began with the pioneering works of Augustin and Alphonse de Candolle. Then, we analyzed the historical accounts of biogeography developed by (1) Martin Fichman and his history on the extensionism-permanentism debate; (2) Gareth Nelson and his critique of the Neo-Darwinian historiography of biogeography; (3) Ernst Mayr, with his dispersalist viewpoint; (4) Alan Richardson, who wrote a microhistory on the biogeographic model constructed by Darwin; (5) Michael Paul Kinch and the ideas discussed in the 19th century about the geographical distribution of living beings; (6) Janet Browne, who highlighted the importance of the pre-Darwinian naturalists; (7) Peter Bowler, who focused mainly on the influence of paleontology on biogeography; (8) James Larson, who looked into the practices of the naturalists of Northern Europe in the late 18th century; and (9) Malte Ebach, who like Larson, was more interested in analysing the practices rather than the ideas of naturalists who studied the geographical distribution of organisms. Finally, these works are compared with each other. There has not been a dominant paradigm in the construction of historical narratives of biogeography; however, they provide a useful context for understanding problems of biogeography that continue to be debated to this day.
Subject(s)
Historiography , History, 20th Century , History, 19th Century , Europe , PaleontologyABSTRACT
A pesquisa apresenta a história da construção e consolidação do campo de estudo e atuação da Psicologia Escolar no Piauí. Utilizou-se abordagem qualitativa, historiográfica, com história oral. Foram definidas como participantes as/os pioneiras/os a contribuir para um determinado campo de atuação. Os seis depoentes foram escolhidos por terem: I) atuação na área; II) sido docentes; e/ou III) participado de órgãos/instituições da área. As análises foram construídas a partir de indicadores e núcleos de significados dos registros orais, a partir dos quais foram organizados em cinco eixos temáticos: a) Atuação em psicologia educacional e psicologia escolar; b) Primeiras incursões da Psicologia no campo da Educação do Piauí; c) Estrutura e recursos disponíveis para atuação profissional; d) Transformação no campo e protagonismo dos estagiários de psicologia escolar; e) Movimentos de descentralização da psicologia escolar no estado.
The search presents the history of construction and consolidation of the field of study and performance of School Psychology in Piauí. A qualitative, historiographical approach was used, with oral history. Participants were defined from pioneers contributing to a given field of action. The six interviewees were chosen because they had: i) experience in the area; ii) been teachers; and/or iii) participated in bodies/institutions in the area. The analyzes were constructed from indicators and core meanings of oral records, from which they were organized into 5 thematic axes: a) Performance in educational psychology and school psychology; b) First incursions of Psychology in the field of Education in Piauí; c) Structure and resources available for professional performance; d) Transformation in the field and protagonism of school psychology interns; e) Movements for the decentralization of school psychology in the state.
Subject(s)
HistoriographyABSTRACT
A pesquisa apresenta a história da construção e consolidação do campo de estudo e atuação da Psicologia Escolar no Piauí. Utilizou-se abordagem qualitativa, historiográfica, com história oral. Foram definidas como participantes as/os pioneiras/os a contribuir para um determinado campo de atuação. Os seis depoentes foram escolhidos por terem: I) atuação na área; II) sido docentes; e/ou III) participado de órgãos/instituições da área. As análises foram construídas a partir de indicadores e núcleos de significados dos registros orais, a partir dos quais foram organizados em cinco eixos temáticos: a) Atuação em psicologia educacional e psicologia escolar; b) Primeiras incursões da Psicologia no campo da Educação do Piauí; c) Estrutura e recursos disponíveis para atuação profissional; d) Transformação no campo e protagonismo dos estagiários de psicologia escolar; e) Movimentos de descentralização da psicologia escolar no estado. (AU)
The search presents the history of construction and consolidation of the field of study and performance of School Psychology in Piauí. A qualitative, historiographical approach was used, with oral history. Participants were defined from pioneers contributing to a given field of action. The six interviewees were chosen because they had: i) experience in the area; ii) been teachers; and/or iii) participated in bodies/institutions in the area. The analyzes were constructed from indicators and core meanings of oral records, from which they were organized into 5 thematic axes: a) Performance in educational psychology and school psychology; b) First incursions of Psychology in the field of Education in Piauí; c) Structure and resources available for professional performance; d) Transformation in the field and protagonism of school psychology interns; e) Movements for the decentralization of school psychology in the state. (AU)
Subject(s)
Psychology , Psychology, Educational , HistoriographyABSTRACT
This article introduces the work of the transcultural histories of psychotherapies network. Reflecting on the comparative lack of work here, it traces psychotherapies' identity crisis, focussing on nodal points such as the rise of the term, failed attempts to unify the field from Forel to Jung, and the rise of outcome studies. Finally, it situates histories of psychotherapies within the context of adjacent fields: the relation of the history of psychotherapy to the history of science, to Freud studies, to the history of religion and religious studies, to intellectual history, to the history of psychiatry, to the history of medicine, and its place within cultural history.
Subject(s)
Historiography , Psychiatry , Identity Crisis , PsychotherapyABSTRACT
Resumo O artigo mostra, inicialmente, como as discussões sobre o Antropoceno têm se deslocado de maneira cada vez mais significativa para o campo das ciências humanas. Em seguida, tomando como ponto de partida a proposta de que as ciências humanas deveriam contribuir para a compreensão do "metanível consequencial" dos estudos sobre o Antropoceno, discute como alguns trabalhos produzidos nesse campo têm lidado com as relações entre causas, efeitos e consequências diante das condições do novo regime planetário, considerando de maneira especial as discussões sobre a "tecnosfera". Conclui indicando o potencial das novas perspectivas ontológicas das ciências humanas para a ampliação dos horizontes explicativos e comunicativos da historiografia.
Abstract The article initially presents an increasingly significant move of discussions about the Anthropocene towards humanities and social sciences. Then, taking as a starting point the proposal that these fields could contribute to the understanding of the "consequential meta-level" of studies on the Anthropocene, it discusses how some works produced in humanities and social sciences have dealt with the relationship between causes, effects and consequences regarding the new planetary regime, with a special focus on the debate about the "technosphere." It concludes by indicating the potential of the "ontological turn" to expand the explanatory and communicative horizons of historiography.
Subject(s)
Geology , Historiography , HumanitiesABSTRACT
Resumen Estas notas abordan la proliferación de discursos con enfoques improvisados, desinformados, apocalípticos y voluntaristas. Enfatizan cuestiones como la ignorancia sobre la historia de las epidemias, y también la incapacidad para lidiar con las incertidumbres que reinan durante las pandemias, así como los anuncios que este extraordinario evento sanitario produciría un profundo parteaguas en todos los órdenes de la vida y en todos los rincones del mundo. Finalmente, estas notas buscan señalar cómo el presente puede iluminar el estudio del pasado - o, de modo más personal, lo que creo haber aprendido como historiador en los tiempos de la pandemia de la covid-19.
Abstract These notes address the proliferation of discourses with improvised, uninformed, apocalyptic and voluntarist approaches. They emphasize issues such as the widespread ignorance about the history of epidemics, and the inability to deal with the uncertainties that reign during pandemic times, as well as the announcements that this extraordinary health/sanitary event would produce a profound watershed in all walks of life and in all corners of the world. Finally, these notes seek to point out how the present can illuminate the study of the past - or, more personally, what I think I have learned as a historian in the times of the covid-19 pandemic.
Subject(s)
Address , Epidemics/history , COVID-19 , Disinformation , Historiography , History, 21st CenturyABSTRACT
In 1924, a new figure appeared on the pages of Brazilian newspapers: "Professor Mozart." In the 1920s and 1930s, Mozart Dias Teixeira practiced healing in several Brazilian cities, sparking controversy among certain segments of society. A threefold analysis of the case is presented: describing the man himself and the debate surrounding his healing methods; showing how the controversies inspired the production and circulation of art among the population; and discussing the issues of charlatanism and professional and religious freedom. The study intends to contribute to the historiography on spiritism, occultism, and psychic sciences in Brazil.
Em 1924, um personagem despontou na imprensa brasileira: o "Professor Mozart". Seu nome era Mozart Dias Teixeira e, durante as décadas de 1920 e 1930, ele praticou curas em diversas cidades do país, provocando controvérsias entre setores da sociedade. O artigo analisa o caso, dividindo-se em três eixos: introduz o personagem e o debate sobre os seus métodos de cura, mostra como as polêmicas inspiraram produções artísticas que transitaram no seio da população e, por fim, discute a questão do charlatanismo e o problema da liberdade profissional e de culto. O estudo pretende ser uma contribuição à historiografia do espiritismo, do ocultismo e das ciências psíquicas no Brasil.
Subject(s)
Historiography , Brazil , HumansABSTRACT
Resumen El presente artículo representa un intento de reflexionar hipotéticamente sobre la manera en que los historiadores de la ciencia escribirán en el futuro sus investigaciones sobre el desarrollo de la pandemia de la covid-19 en Israel, dentro de un contexto que incluye: la crisis política que vivió el país en esos momentos; la historia de las instituciones de salud pública establecidas desde la época de los primeros colonos judíos en Palestina, a principios del siglo XX, y modificadas ligeramente por una ley de 1994; los esquemas conceptuales desarrollados durante las últimas décadas por historiadores de la salud pública y las pandemias en general.
Abstract This article attempts to hypothetically reflect on how historians of science will write their research on the development of the covid-19 pandemic in Israel in the future, within a context that includes: the political crisis experienced by the country at that time; the history of the public health institutions established from the time of the first Jewish settlers in Palestine, at the beginning of the twentieth century, and slightly modified by a law of 1994; the conceptual schemes developed during the last decades by historians of public health and pandemics in general.
Subject(s)
Politics , Public Health , Pandemics , COVID-19 , Historiography , History, 20th Century , IsraelABSTRACT
El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad relatar la historia de la fundación de primigenios hospitales en Valencia y el ejercicio de la medicina entre los siglos XV-XXL. Metodología: se investigó en textos, documentos y entrevistas la secuencia de un proceso histórico, de las actividades cumplidas por médicos en Carabobo. En 1422 la medicina se concebía con características, mágico-religiosas y empírica donde piaches, curanderos, y barberos, sin estudios, la ejercieron hasta el siglo XVI. Luego médicos cirujanos de guerra, connacionales y extranjeros intentaron mejorar el ejercicio. El emperador Carlos I, de España, en 1541 decretó la creación de hospitales en América; edificándose en 1670 el hospital San Antonio de Padua, años después (1874) le cambian el nombre por hospital de Caridad, por decreto del General Guzmán Blanco. en 1890 se creó la Clínica de los Niños pobres. en 1897 se funda el hospital civil y en 1898 el hospital San Roque. El Hospital Central de Valencia, se construye durante el gobierno del presidente López Contreras, y los niños eran atendidos por médicos generales. Fue inaugurado en 1949 y se envió a un grupo de médicos a especializarse en el extranjero, y trajeron médicos de otras latitudes para ejercer y formar especialistas. Es larga la lista de médicos que atendieron a la infancia en Valencia desde principios del siglo XIX, y numerosos los pediatras que desde finales del siglo XIX y hasta el XXI, ejercieron la pediatría y formaron los pediatrasque el país requería(AU)
The purpose of this paper is to recount the history of the foundation of hospitals in Valencia and the practice of pediatric medicine between the XV and XXI centuries. Methodology: It was investigated in texts, documents, and interviews the sequence of a historical process, of the activities carried out by doctors in Carabobo. In 1422, medicine was conceived with magical-religious and empirical characteristics where piaches, healers, and barbers, without studies, practiced it until the 16th century. Then war surgeons, compatriots and foreigners tried to improve the practice. emperor Carlos I of Spain, in 1541, decreed the creation of hospitals in America; the San Antonio de Padua hospital was built in 1670, years later (1874) they changed its name to Hospital la Caridad, by decree of General Guzmán Blanco. In 1890 the clinic for Poor children was created. In 1897 the civil hospital was founded and in 1898 the San Roque hospital. The Central Hospital of Valencia was built during the government of president López Contreras, and the children were cared for by general practitioners. It was inaugurated in 1949 and a group of doctors was sent abroad to specialize, and they brought doctors from other latitudes to practice and train specialists. The list of doctors who attended children in Valencia since the beginning of the 19th century is long, and there are many pediatricians who, from the end of the 19th century to the 21st, practiced pediatrics and trained the pediatricians that the country required(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Historiography , Hospitals, Pediatric , Medicine, Traditional , Schools, Medical , Pediatricians , History of MedicineABSTRACT
This article examines the over-attention historians pay to innovation and high technology compared to local production through a brief review of the historiography of technology in twentieth-century Latin America. Following Svante Lindqvist's approach to "technological landscapes," it argues that the current history of technology in the region favors change over continuity, thus perpetuating a modernist and industrial perspective of technological dynamics. Based on a case study of chuño (frozendehydrated potatoes) production and consumption on the Altiplano of Peru and Bolivia, this article shows how historians could incorporate local and long-standing knowledge and use into the history-of-technology canon.
Subject(s)
Historiography , Bolivia , History, 20th Century , Knowledge , Latin America , TechnologyABSTRACT
Abstract This article introduces the work of the transcultural histories of psychotherapies network. Reflecting on the comparative lack of work here, it traces psychotherapies' identity crisis, focussing on nodal points such as the rise of the term, failed attempts to unify the field from Forel to Jung, and the rise of outcome studies. Finally, it situates histories of psychotherapies within the context of adjacent fields: the relation of the history of psychotherapy to the history of science, to Freud studies, to the history of religion and religious studies, to intellectual history, to the history of psychiatry, to the history of medicine, and its place within cultural history.
Resumo O artigo apresenta uma discussão acerca da produção de histórias transculturais da rede de psicoterapias. Reflete sobre a ausência de trabalhos comparativos na área, delineia a crise de identidade das psicoterapias, focaliza pontos nodais, como o surgimento do termo, as tentativas fracassadas de unificar o campo de Forel a Jung e a aparição de estudos de resultados. Finalmente, situa as histórias das psicoterapias no contexto de áreas adjacentes: a relação da história da psicoterapia com a história das ciências, os estudos de Freud, a história da religião e os estudos religiosos, a história intelectual, a história da psiquiatria, a história da medicina e seu lugar na história cultural.
Subject(s)
Psychotherapy/history , Religion and Medicine , Historiography , History of MedicineABSTRACT
Se examinaron determinados esquemas de periodización de la Historiografía de la Ciencia de la Información. Utilizando la revisión documental como instrumento metodológico, se revisaron las fuentes de información que contenían la producción historiográfica de los estudiosos de la Ciencia de la Información elegidos. Se discutió la interrelación existente entre Historia e Historiografía y se valoró el significado de las periodizaciones históricas. Se examinó la problemática histórica de la Ciencia de la Información, y se detallaron las propuestas de periodización de los autores seleccionados. Se fundamentó la propuesta de periodización del autor del texto(AU)
Certain patterns of periodization of the Historiography of Information Science were examined. Using the documentary review as a methodological instrument, this study reviewed the sources of information containing the historiographical production of the chosen Information Science scholars. The interrelation between History and Historiography was discussed and the meaning of historical periodization was valued. The historical problems of Information Science were examined, and the periodization proposals of the selected authors were detailed. The proposal of periodization of the author of this text was substantiated(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Information Science/history , Historiography , PeriodicityABSTRACT
Durante fines del siglo XVIII y primeras décadas del siglo XIX, los médicos peruanos estuvieron comprometidos con las ideas libertarias. Este compromiso supuso un importante alejamiento de las nuevas corrientes científicas médicas que se desarrollaban en Europa bajo la Ilustración. En 1821, por la activa participación de los médicos en la lucha por la independencia del país, a la antigua escuela médica regia sanfernandina se le cambió el nombre por Colegio de la Independencia