Membership In Seguro Popular In Mexico Linked To A Small Reduction In Catastrophic Health Expenditure.

In 2004 the government of Mexico initiated an ambitious program, Seguro Popular, to extend health insurance coverage to poor and informal-sector workers. While the program had a protective effect during its early stages, its impact on out-of-pocket health spending over time is unclear. This study used two waves of the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutricion (from 2006 and 2012) to analyze the protective effects of Seguro Popular and social security programs on out-of-pocket and catastrophic health spending. While, given the endogeneity of Seguro Popular enrollment, we found no link between membership and out-of-pocket health care spending in the study period, we did find a robust, albeit small, link between membership and a reduction in catastrophic health spending. A significant part of overall out-of-pocket health spending goes to purchase medications. Policy decisions are necessary to address gaps in coverage and access to medicines. Improving the quality of care as well as including more clinically effective and cost-effective medicines in the Seguro Popular package could significantly reduce out-of-pocket health care spending in Mexico.

Incidence and clinical characteristics of Guillain-Barré syndrome before the introduction of Zika virus in Puerto Rico.

BACKGROUND: Zika virus has been associated with increases in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) incidence. A GBS incidence estimation and clinical description was performed to assess baseline GBS epidemiology before the introduction of Zika virus in Puerto Rico. METHODS: Hospitalization administrative data from an island-wide insurance claims database and U.S. Census Bureau population estimates provided a crude GBS incidence for 2013. This estimate was adjusted using the proportion of GBS cases meeting Brighton criteria for confirmed GBS from nine reference hospitals. Characteristics of confirmed GBS cases in the same nine hospitals during 2012-2015 are described. RESULTS: A total of 136 GBS hospitalization claims were filed in 2013 (crude GBS incidence was 3.8 per 100,000 population). The adjusted GBS incidence was 1.7 per 100,000 population. Of 67 confirmed GBS cases during 2012-2015, 66% had an antecedent illness. Median time from antecedent illness to GBS onset was 7days. Most cases (67%) occurred during July-September. CONCLUSIONS: Puerto Rico's GBS incidence for 2013 was estimated using a combination of administrative data and medical records review; this method could be employed in other regions to monitor GBS incidence before and after the introduction of GBS infectious triggers.

Gasto catastrófico en salud en México y sus factores determinantes, 2002-2014.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the financial protection of public health insurance by analyzing the percentage of households with catastrophic health expenditure (HCHE) in Mexico and its relationship with poverty status, size of locality, federal entity, insurance status and items of health spending. METHOD: Mexican National Survey of Income and Expenditures 2002-2014 was used to estimate the percentage of HCHE. Through a probit model, factors associated with the occurrence of catastrophic spending are identified. Analysis was performed using Stata-SE 12. RESULTS: In 2014 there were 2.08% of HCHE (1.82-2.34%; N = 657,474). The estimated probit model correctly classified 98.2% of HCHE (Pr (D) ≥ 0.5). Factors affecting the catastrophic expenditures were affiliation, presence of chronic disease, hospitalization expenditure, rural condition and that the household is below the food poverty line. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of HCHE decreased in recent years, improving financial protection in health. This decline seems to have stalled, keeping inequities in access to health services, especially in rural population without affiliation to any health institution, below the food poverty line and suffering from chronic diseases.

Hospitalization and mortality in Mexico due to breast cancer since its inclusion in the catastrophic expenditures scheme.

OBJECTIVE: To compare trends in hospital discharges and mortality due to breast cancer (BC) in Mexico from 2004 to 2012 by insurance condition before and after incorporating BC comprehensive treatment into the System of Social Protection in Health (Sistema de Protrección Social en Salud, SPSS) in 2007. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on BC hospital discharges and mortality reported in women aged 25 years and over were obtained from the National Health Information System. Mortality rates were adjusted by age and state. RESULTS: At the national level, a growing tendency in hospital discharges was observed, mainly for women without social security, while mortality rate remained constant. Mortality rates by state show that lower marginalization index corresponded to higher mortality. CONCLUSIONS: A differential behavior was observed among women according to insurance condition, partly due to the inclusion of BC treatment in the SPSS.

Hospitalization and mortality in Mexico due to breast cancer since its inclusion in the catastrophic expenditures scheme / Hospitalización y mortalidad en México por cáncer de mama a partir de su inclusión en el esquema de gastos catastróficos

Abstract Objective: To compare trends in hospital discharges and mortality due to breast cancer (BC) in Mexico from 2004 to 2012 by insurance condition before and after incorporating BC comprehensive treatment into the System of Social Protection in Health (Sistema de Protrección Social en Salud, SPSS) in 2007. Materials and methods: Data on BC hospital discharges and mortality reported in women aged 25 years and over were obtained from the National Health Information System. Mortality rates were adjusted by age and state. Results: At the national level, a growing tendency in hospital discharges was observed, mainly for women without social security, while mortality rate remained constant. Mortality rates by state show that lower marginalization index corresponded to higher mortality. Conclusions: A differential behavior was observed among women according to insurance condition, partly due to the inclusion of BC treatment in the SPSS.

Resumen Objetivo: Comparar las tendencias de egresos hospitalarios y mortalidad por cáncer de mama (CaMa) en México de 2004 a 2012, según esquema de aseguramiento, antes y después de la incorporación del tratamiento integral del CaMa al Sistema de Protección Social en Salud (SPSS) en 2007. Material y métodos: Los egresos hospitalarios y de mortalidad por CaMa en mujeres de 25 años o más se obtuvieron del Sistema Nacional de Información en Salud. Las tasas de mortalidad se ajustaron por edad y entidad federativa. Resultados: A nivel nacional, hubo una tendencia creciente de los egresos hospitalarios, principalmente para mujeres sin seguridad social, mientras que la tasa de mortalidad se mantuvo constante. Las tasas de mortalidad fueron mayores en estados con menor índice de marginación. Conclusiones: Se observó un comportamiento diferencial entre las mujeres según esquema de aseguramiento en salud debido, en parte, a la inclusión del tratamiento de CaMa al SPSS.

[Seguro Popular's initial evaluation of household catastrophic health spending in Mexico]. / Evaluación Inicial del Seguro Popular sobre el Gasto Catastrófico en Salud en México.

OBJECTIVE: Estimating Seguro Popular de Salud's (SPS) initial outcome regarding households' catastrophic health spending (CHS). The relationship of other important factors to the CE was also estimated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study, based on evaluating Seguro Popular's survey, was carried out in the Mexican states of Colima and Campeche during 2002; it was carried out during the first semester of 2005. SPS and other co-variables' relationship with CHS was estimated by using the probit model. Such relationship was then estimated again using the bi-probit model, but taking endogeneity between CHS and SPS affiliation into consideration. Some simulations led to a detailed analysis of the influence of the use by type of service on the CHS. RESULTS: The probability of SPS-affiliated households incurring CHS was about 8% less than un-affiliated households (controlled for other co-variables and corrected for endogeneity). The probability of incurring CHS was always less for affiliated people, independently of the income bracket which they belonged to and the kind of services used. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that SPS is financially protecting households; nevertheless, the goal of a 75 % reduction in CHS has still to be achieved.

Evaluación Inicial del Seguro Popular sobre el Gasto Catastrófico en Salud en México / Seguro Popular's initial evaluation of household catastrophic health spending in Mexico

Objetivo: Estimar el resultado inicial del Seguro Popular de Salud (SPS) sobre el gasto catastrófico en salud (GC) de los hogares. Adicionalmente se estimó la relación de otros factores de importancia sobre el GC. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal a partir de la Encuesta de Evaluación del Seguro Popular levantada en los estados de Colima y Campeche en el segundo semestre del a±o 2002. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el primer semestre del a±o 2005. Se estimó primero la relación del SPS y otras covariables con el GC mediante un modelo probit. Después se estimó nuevamente la relación de las covariables y el GC tomando en cuenta la endogeneidad del GC con la afiliación al SPS, utilizando para ello un modelo probit bivariado. Finalmente, se realizaron algunas simulaciones para ver con más detalle la influencia de la utilización por tipo de servicio sobre el GC. Resultados: Para los hogares afiliados al SPS la probabilidad de incurrir en GC fue casi 8 por ciento menor, en comparación con los hogares no afiliados, controlando por las demás covariables y se corrigió por la endogeneidad. La probabilidad de GC siempre fue menor para los afiliados, independientemente del tercil económico al que pertenecían y del tipo de servicio utilizado. Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio sugieren que el SPS está protegiendo financieramente a los hogares; sin embargo, aún constituye un reto llegar a la meta de reducción del 75 por ciento del GC.

Objective: Estimating Seguro Popular de Salud's (SPS) initial outcome regarding households' catastrophic health spending (CHS). The relationship of other important factors to the CE was also estimated. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study, based on evaluating Seguro Popular's survey, was carried out in the Mexican states of Colima and Campeche during 2002; it was carried out during the first semester of 2005. SPS and other co-variables' relationship with CHS was estimated by using the probit model. Such relationship was then estimated again using the bi-probit model, but taking endogeneity between CHS and SPS affiliation into consideration. Some simulations led to a detailed analysis of the influence of the use by type of service on the CHS. Results The probability of SPS-affiliated households incurring CHS was about 8 percent less than un-affiliated households (controlled for other co-variables and corrected for endogeneity). The probability of incurring CHS was always less for affiliated people, independently of the income bracket which they belonged to and the kind of services used. Conclusions: The results suggested that SPS is financially protecting households; nevertheless, the goal of a 75 percent reduction in CHS has still to be achieved.

Estadísticas: Seguro escolar gratuito Agosto 1997 - Junio 1999 / Statistics: secure free school in August 1997 - June 1999

En la primera parte describe el tamaño de la población objetivo del seguro escolar gratuito para 1998 y 1999, asimismo, el número de establecimientos prestadoras a nivel nacional. Luego se pasa a revisar el número de atenciones de salud financiadas, qué tipos de atenciones han sido, yel nivel de complejidad bajo, el cual se han realizado, además el número de escolares según edades y sexo que han sido atendidos anualmente. Finalmente, se revisan los conceptos de cobertura y concentración en atenciones de salud(AU)