MolPredictX: A Pioneer Mobile App Version for Online Biological Activity Predictions by Machine Learning Models.

MolPredictX is a free-access web tool in which it is possible to analyze the prediction of biological activity of chemical molecules. MolPredictX has been available online to the general public for just over a year and has now gone through its first update. We also developed its version for android, being the first free app capable of predicting biological activities. MolPredictX is available for free at https://www.molpredictX.ufpb.br/ , and its mobile application version can be obtained from Google Play.

TIRESIA and TISBE: Explainable Artificial Intelligence Based Web Platforms for the Transparent Assessment of the Developmental Toxicity of Chemicals and Drugs.

Developmental toxicity is key human health endpoint, especially relevant for safeguarding maternal and child well-being. It is an object of increasing attention from international regulatory bodies such as the US EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) and ECHA (European CHemicals Agency). In this challenging scenario, non-test methods employing explainable artificial intelligence based techniques can provide a significant help to derive transparent predictive models whose results can be easily interpreted to assess the developmental toxicity of new chemicals at very early stages. To accomplish this task, we have developed web platforms such as TIRESIA and TISBE.Based on a benchmark dataset, TIRESIA employs an explainable artificial intelligence approach combined with SHAP analysis to unveil the molecular features responsible for calculating the developmental toxicity. Descending from TIRESIA, TISBE employs a larger dataset, an explainable artificial intelligence framework based on a fragment-based fingerprint encoding, a consensus classifier, and a new double top-down applicability domain. We report here some practical examples for getting started with TIRESIA and TISBE.

Exploring Cohesin-Related Multiomics Information in the Web Browser.

Cohesin is a protein complex that plays a key role in regulating chromosome structure and gene expression. While next-generation sequencing technologies have provided extensive information on various aspects of cohesin, integrating and exploring the vast datasets associated with cohesin are not straightforward. CohesinDB ( https://cohesindb.iqb.u-tokyo.ac.jp ) offers a web-based interface for browsing, searching, analyzing, visualizing, and downloading comprehensive multiomics cohesin information in human cells. In this protocol, we introduce how to utilize CohesinDB to facilitate research on transcriptional regulation and chromatin organization.

Purchasing medicines and functional foods on the internet: a cross-sectional study investigating the knowledge, attitudes, and experience of Vietnamese people in 2023.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate Vietnamese people's knowledge, attitudes, and experience in purchasing medicines and functional foods online. METHODS: Via an online survey, the data of 1,070 participants were collected, including their general characteristics, Internet use, previous experience, knowledge, and attitudes towards purchasing medicines/functional foods online. Factors associated with their knowledge and attitudes were identified via multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS: During 2022-2023, about 97.2% of participants used the Internet to seek health information (self-diagnosis: 65.0%, self-medication: 72.6%). Roughly 52.8% bought medicines and/or functional foods online. Among 565 buyers, 41.8% felt satisfied. Only 19.9% understood that selling medicines online was illegal in Vietnam. The main benefits of purchasing medicines/functional foods online that many people agreed on included convenience (87.1%), freedom from location (84.8%), and being able to order/buy products after opening hours (84.7%). Many people felt worried about the ability to buy counterfeit or substandard products (87.7%), inaccurate product information (85.0%), the lack of supervision of the authorities (83.7%), and increasing risks of drug abuse, self-medication, and treatment non-adherence (82.5%). Roughly 84.3% found distinguishing between legal and illegal online pharmacies difficult. Participants' average knowledge and attitude scores were 6.514 ± 2.461 (range: 0-16) and 89.330 ± 13.720 (range: 23-115), respectively. The main factors associated with people's knowledge and attitudes towards purchasing these products online included their frequency of Internet use, seeking health information online for self-medication, feeling satisfied with previous experience, and having at least one chronic disease. CONCLUSIONS: Many Vietnamese people's knowledge about purchasing medicines/functional foods online was limited. With the increasing need for online shopping, enhancing their knowledge is paramount. In the forthcoming years, when the Ministry of Health and relevant authorities publish legal documents and enact laws involving online pharmacies and trading medicines on the Internet, ways to recognize licensed online pharmacies must be widely propagated and disseminated in the community.

Is Web-Based Diabetes Training Effective or Ineffective on the Quality of Life of Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?: A Systematic Review.

Diabetes mellitus is called as the "pandemic of the era" due to its rising prevalence. Since it is a disease that affects all spheres of life, it has an impact on the quality of life of individuals. This systematic review aims to examine the effect of web-based diabetes training programmes prepared for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus on their quality of life. The PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analysis Protocols) flowchart was used in the literature search stage. A comprehensive search was performed through the [MeSH] keywords (Web-based Intervention, Randomised Controlled Trial, HRQOL, Type 2 Diabetes) until May 8, 2024 in databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Medline, CINAHL, EBSCO host, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Zotero software program was used to identify duplications of the obtained studies. Seven randomised controlled studies were included in the review. It was found that, most of the studies that were included in review showed that quality of life did not cause any significant difference in the level of quality of life; whereas, improvement was observed in quality-of-life levels in all of the experimental groups. Also, studies conducted for 1.5 to 3 months showed that web-based training was effective in improving the quality of life. Consequently, it is recommended that web-based trainings be long enough to prevent patients from dropping out of training, with possibility of an online individual interview, and follow-up periods of 1.5 to 3 months in order to achieve effective results. PROSPERO Number: CRD42024530777.

The relationship between social frailty and cognitive impairment among older adults: the role of various types of internet use.

Introduction: This study aimed to explore the role of internet use in the relationship between social frailty and cognitive function among Korean older adults. Methods: A nationally representative survey of community-dwelling older adults in Korea was used in the analysis (N = 8,639). Results: All types of internet use were significantly associated with cognitive impairment and played a significant role in the relationship between social frailty and cognitive impairment. The advantage of internet use for information searching (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.35-0.46) was the greatest for cognitive function, followed by internet use for instrumental use (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.53-0.66). Internet use for entertainment exhibited the greatest influence in the relationship between social frailty and cognitive impairment, with interpersonal communication ranking second in significance. Internet use regulates the relationship between social frailty and cognitive impairment in older adults. The influences of internet use vary depending on the type of online activity and the levels of social frailty. Discussion: This highlights the importance of considering various forms of internet use when developing non-pharmacological interventions to mitigate the impact of social frailty on cognitive decline.

Factors Associated With the Use of Digital Technology Among Youth in Zimbabwe: Findings From a Cross-Sectional Population-Based Survey.

BACKGROUND: Globally, the increasing use of digital technologies such as mobile phones and the internet has allowed for the development of innovative mobile health interventions, particularly for reaching and engaging with youth. However, there is a risk that using such technologies may exclude those who lack access to them. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the sociodemographic factors associated with mobile phone ownership, internet use, and social media use among youth in Zimbabwe. METHODS: A population-based prevalence survey was conducted in 24 urban and periurban communities across 3 provinces of Zimbabwe (Harare, Mashonaland East, and Bulawayo). Youths aged 18 to 24 years resident in randomly selected households in the study communities completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The primary outcomes were mobile phone ownership and current internet and social media use. A household wealth indicator was developed using principal components analysis, based on household asset ownership. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the factors associated with each primary outcome. Age, sex, and province were considered a priori confounders. Household wealth, marital status, education level, employment status, time lived at current address, and HIV status were included in the final multivariable model if there was an age-, sex-, and province-adjusted association with a primary outcome on univariable analysis at a significance level of P<.10. RESULTS: Of the 17,636 participants assessed for the primary outcome, 16,370 (92.82%) had access to a mobile phone, and 15,454 (87.63%) owned a mobile phone. Among participants with access to a mobile phone, 58.61% (9594/16,370) and 57.79% (9460/16,370), respectively, used internet and social media at least weekly. Older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.76, 95% CI 1.55-2.00), increasing wealth (ranging from aOR 1.85, 95% CI 1.58-2.16, for wealth quintile 2 to aOR 3.80, 95% CI 3.00-4.80, for wealth quintile 5, with quintile 1 as reference), and higher education level (secondary: aOR 1.96, 95% CI 1.60-2.39; tertiary: aOR 8.36, 95% CI 5.29-13.20) were associated with mobile phone ownership. Older age, male sex, increasing wealth, having never been married, higher education level, being in education or formal employment, and having lived at the same address for ≥2 years were associated with higher levels of internet and social media use. CONCLUSIONS: While mobile phone ownership was near-universal, over one-third of youths in urban and periurban settings did not have access to the internet and social media. Access to the internet and social media use were strongly associated with household wealth and education level. Mobile health interventions must ensure that they do not amplify existing inequalities in access to health care. Such interventions must be accompanied by alternative strategies to engage and enroll individuals without internet or social media access to prevent the exclusion of young people by sex and socioeconomic status.

Relationship between Cancer and Intention to Leave Work among Older Workers: A Cross-Sectional Internet-Based Study.

Background and Objectives: Limited research has focused on the relationship between cancer, job loss, and factors associated with job loss among older workers. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between cancer and intention to leave and between physical-health-related issues, mental-health-related issues, and cancer-related symptoms and intention to leave among older workers with cancer. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional internet-based study included 4498 workers aged 60-75 years. Intention to leave was assessed based on whether individuals considered quitting their current jobs in the near future. Results: A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between cancer and intention to leave (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-2.00, p = 0.045). In addition, physical-health-related issues (aOR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.10-4.92, p = 0.026) and mental-health-related issues (aOR: 4.44, 95% CI: 1.80-10.98, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with the intention to leave. Conclusions: Healthcare providers and employers must address the physical- and mental-health-related issues facing older workers with cancer to help them secure their employment.

Protocol for the co-design of an online support service for adults with hearing loss.

INTRODUCTION: Untreated hearing loss is reported to negatively impact on an individual's quality of life, affecting their psychological and physical health and placing them at greater risk of developing dementia. Despite this, hearing loss management is often delayed by up to a decade. This is likely due to difficulties in navigating the hearing care pathway, and the absence of a central, unbiased reference point for consumer-friendly hearing health information and resources. We intend to co-design an online support service for adults with hearing loss with the following aims: 1) to understand unmet needs and consumer barriers to accessing hearing health information, 2) to identify solutions to these unmet needs that can be developed into prototype ideas, 3) to incrementally build on iterations of a prototype until a usable online support service is developed and ready for real-life testing with end-users, and 4) to test and evaluate the usability, accessibility, and effectiveness of the prototype from the consumer's perspective, so that the prototype can be refined into the final product. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This will be a mixed method study. Consumers will be involved in all stages of the design of the project following the Hasso Plattner model of design thinking. The qualitative component will involve sprints and semi-structured interviews to access the consumer perspective and understand unmet needs and challenges regarding the access of online hearing health information. For the quantitative component, an online survey will be administered prior to prototype testing as part of the remote usability study to collect self-efficacy and eHealth literacy outcome measures via validated questionnaires. Data collection will also be performed post-prototype testing for evaluation purposes. Finally, heuristic evaluation of the prototype will be conducted by an eLearning expert to help refine the prototype into the final product.

Examining the Popularity, Content, and Intersections With the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Definition of Recovery in a Nonclinical Online Cannabis Cessation Community: Infodemiology Study of Reddit Posts.

BACKGROUND: Cannabis consumption has increased in recent years, as has cannabis use disorder. While researchers have explored public online community discussions of active cannabis use, less is known about the popularity and content of publicly available online communities intended to support cannabis cessation. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the level of engagement and dominant content of an online community for cannabis cessation through 3 specific aims. First, we examine the use of a subreddit cannabis cessation community (r/leaves) over time to evaluate the popularity of this type of resource for individuals who want to stop using cannabis. Second, we examine the content of posts in the community to identify popular topics related to cessation. Third, we compare the thematic findings relative to the 4 domains of recovery defined by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). By examining these 3 gaps, we take the initial steps toward understanding the experiences being shared online among individuals interested in cannabis cessation and compare them with the principles outlined in the SAMHSA definition of recovery. METHODS: Using the Pushshift application programming interface, we collected the count of posts by year between 2011 and 2021 and the narrative of the 100 posts with the most comments per year in a popular cannabis cessation-focused subreddit (r/leaves). A linear model and a nonlinear model were compared to evaluate change in the number of posts by year. Mixed natural language processing and qualitative analyses were applied to identify top terms, phrases, and themes present in posts over time. Overlap between themes and the 4 SAMHSA domains of recovery (health, purpose, community, and home) were examined. RESULTS: The number of annual posts in r/leaves increased from 420 in 2011 to 34,841 in 2021 (83-fold increase), with exponential growth since 2018. The term that was the most common across posts was "smoke" (2019 posts). Five major themes were identified, and a narrative arc was represented, from motivations and perceived benefits of cannabis use to the negative consequences of use, strategies to change behaviors, and the positive and negative consequences of change. There was substantial overlap between these 5 themes and 3 of SAMHSA's 4 domains of recovery: health, purpose, and community. However, the domain of home was less commonly identified. CONCLUSIONS: Engagement in this online cannabis support community appears to be increasing. Individuals using this forum discussed several topics, including multiple aspects of recovery defined by the SAMHSA. Online communities, such as this one may, serve as an important pathway for individuals seeking to reduce or cease their consumption of cannabis.

FEAtl: a comprehensive web-based expression atlas for functional genomics in tropical and subtropical fruit crops.

BACKGROUND: Fruit crops, including tropical and subtropical fruits like Avocado (Persea americana), Fig (Ficus carica), Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera), Mango (Mangifera indica), Guava (Psidium guajava), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), and Banana (Musa acuminata) are economically vital, contributing significantly to global agricultural output, as classified by the FAO's World Programme for the Census of Agriculture. Advancements in next-generation sequencing, have transformed fruit crop breeding by providing in-depth genomic and transcriptomic data. RNA sequencing enables high-throughput analysis of gene expression, and functional genomics, crucial for addressing horticultural challenges and enhancing fruit production. The genomic and expression data for key tropical and sub-tropical fruit crops is currently lacking a comprehensive expression atlas, revealing a significant gap in resources for horticulturists who require a unified platform with diverse datasets across various conditions and cultivars. RESULTS: The Fruit Expression Atlas (FEAtl), available at http://backlin.cabgrid.res.in/FEAtl/ , is a first-ever extensive and unified expression atlas for tropical and subtropical fruit crops developed using 3-tier architecture. The expressivity of coding and non-coding genes, encompassing 2,060 RNA-Seq samples across 91 tissue types and 177 BioProjects, it provides a comprehensive view of gene expression patterns for different tissues under various conditions. FEAtl features multiple tabs that cater to different aspects of the dataset, namely, Home, About, Analyze, Statistics, and Team and contains seven central functional modules: Transcript Information,Sample Information, Expression Profiles in FPKM and TPM, Functional Analysis, Genes Based on Tau Score, and Search for Specific Gene. The expression of a transcript of interest can be easily queried by searching by tissue ID and transcript type. Expression data can be displayed as a heat map, along with functional descriptions as well as Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. CONCLUSIONS: This atlas represents a groundbreaking compilation of a wide array of information pertaining to eight distinct fruit crops and serves as a fundamental resource for comparative analysis among different fruit species and is a catalyst for functional genomic studies. Database availability: http://backlin.cabgrid.res.in/FEAtl/ .

Strategies for crowdsourcing hearing health information: a comparative study of educational programs and volunteer-based campaigns on Wikimedia.

BACKGROUND: Several health institutions developed strategies to improve health content on Wikimedia platforms given their unparalleled reach. The objective of this study was to compare an online volunteer-based Wikimedia outreach campaign with university course Wikipedia assignments (both focused on improving hearing health content in Wikimedia's public digital knowledge archives), in terms of the reach of the contributions and the extent of the participants' input. A secondary objective was to examine the feasibility and the implementation of the different strategies. METHODS: The research team partnered for the (1) coordination of improvements in hearing and healthcare content through educational programs using Wikimedia platforms, (2) participation in the global campaign Wiki4WorldHearingDay2023 and (3) evaluation of the proposed strategies. Metrics used in the comparison of the two strategies included the number of articles edited, number of views of the edited articles (as reach) and the extent of edits, captured as the number of words. The feasibility evaluation included assessing recruitment success and the implementation of the proposed plan among faculty, students from various university programs, and volunteers representing different constituencies. RESULTS: The effort increased the availability of quality plain language information on hearing conditions and hearing care. Both strategies demonstrated to be feasible by their success in recruiting participants who contributed to the effort and by measurable outputs as edits. The contribution of content to Wikimedia platforms as part of education activities provided a more robust result. Wiki4WorldHearingDay2023 145 participants (78 from educational programs) contributed 167,000 words, 258 + references and 140 images to 322 Wikipedia articles (283 existing and 39 new ones), which were viewed 16.5 million times. Contributions occurred in six languages. Edits in Portuguese, mainly by those involved in educational programs, led the number of articles (226 or 70.2%) that were expanded or created during the 5-month tracking period. CONCLUSIONS: The elements that contributed to the success of the studied strategies include an impact topic, coordination with educational programs, international multidisciplinary collaborations, the dissemination of the initiative in several platforms, connection with a robust local Wikimedia affiliate, and the use of a technical infrastructure that provides metrics and coordination mechanisms.

The Worldwide Prevalence of Internet Addiction among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The internet helps us obtain necessary information, facilitates social communication, and provides access to entertainment content. The internet can also lead to the behavioral addictive condition termed internet addiction (IA) if used excessively. As active internet users, medical students are susceptible to IA, which is known to lead to depression and improper medical care delivery, poor academic performance, worse sleep quality, and undesirable financial issues. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess medical students' pooled IA prevalence. METHODS: The analysis included thirteen cross-sectional studies involving 4787 medical students. Cumulative, subgroup, and meta-regression meta-analyses were applied, using the random-effects model and the restricted maximum likelihood method. RESULTS: The cumulative meta-analysis revealed a rise in the proportion of IA from 0.08 to 0.29, with minor fluctuations between 2015 and 2022. The IA prevalence in lower-middle-income countries was approximately three times higher than in high-income ones. Age and gender were not associated with IA among medical students. CONCLUSIONS: The worldwide prevalence of IA was 0.29, with a 95% CI between 0.19 and 0.41. Considering negative IA implications for medical students' well-being, policymakers and all stakeholders should pay special attention to addressing IA within the medical student community.

Internet-Based Prevention of Re-Victimization for Youth with Care Experience (EMPOWER-YOUTH): Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Traumatic experiences and maltreatment are highly prevalent among adolescents in foster or institutional care and have severe long-term effects on mental health. Childhood maltreatment increases the risk of revictimization. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the internet-based prevention program EMPOWER YOUTH in reducing victimization experiences among youth with care experience. A total of 163 youth, that is, adolescents in foster or institutional care, adopted adolescents, or young care leavers aged 14 to 21 years (Mage = 17.68 years; SD = 2.11) were randomized to the six-module guided program or a wait-list control group. The primary endpoint was the decrease in victimization experiences at an 18-week follow-up. Secondary endpoints included risk perception, aggressive tendencies, empathy, prosocial behavior, depressiveness, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and loneliness. About half of the youth exhibited increased psychopathology. No significant interaction between time-point and group was found for victimization measures, though both groups saw a significant reduction over time (p = 0.012, ηp2 = 0.06; p = 0.017, ηp2 = 0.06). The intervention group showed a significant increase in perception of thrill-seeking and rebellious risks (p = 0.036, ηp2 = 0.04; p = 0.026, ηp2 = 0.05). While EMPOWER YOUTH effectively increased risk perception of thrill-seeking and rebellious behaviors, it should be considered an add-on to more intensive interventions for common mental health disorders in this vulnerable group, rather than a stand-alone online program.

Further Evidence on Online Video-Feedback Intervention: Enhancing Parent-Child Interactions and Reducing Disordered Eating in Children.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effectiveness of an online intervention designed to improve parent-child interactions and address disordered eating behaviors in children. Using remote video-feedback sessions based on observations of mother-child feeding interactions, the intervention offers a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional in-person methods. AIMS: The study aimed to assess the impact of online intervention on the quality of mother-child interactions during feeding and its effectiveness in reducing psychopathological symptoms in both mothers and children. METHODS: The intervention was conducted entirely online, with improvements measured using SVIA scores for mother-child interactions and the SCL-90/R Global Severity Index (GSI) for maternal psychopathological symptoms, alongside evaluations of children's emotional and behavioral functioning, particularly anxiety, depression, and aggression. RESULTS: The intervention significantly improved the quality of mother-child interactions across all SVIA subscales and led to reductions in maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as decreases in children's emotional and behavioral symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that online video-feedback interventions can effectively enhance mother-child relationships and reduce psychopathological symptoms in both mothers and children, although further research with larger sample sizes and more robust statistical analyses is needed to confirm these results.

A Support Tool for Emergency Management in Smart Campuses: Reference Architecture and Enhanced Web User Interfaces.

In the context of smart campuses, effective emergency management is crucial for ensuring the safety and well-being of students, staff, and visitors. This paper presents a comprehensive support tool designed to enhance emergency management on smart campuses, integrating a low-cost people-counting system based on cameras and Raspberry Pi devices. It introduces a newly designed architecture and user interfaces that enhance the functionality and user experience of a smart campus disaster management system. Finally, a usability evaluation has been carried out to validate the brand-new user interfaces devoted to emergency management.

Iron Supply of Multivitamins-Multiminerals Commercialized Online by Amazon in Western and Southern Europe: A Labeling Analysis.

Background. In high-income countries, shopping for non-prescription multivitamin-multimineral supplements has tremendously increased. Objective and Methods. The purpose of this labeling analysis is to inform on the daily elemental iron (with or without vitamin C) supply provided by multivitamin-multimineral supplements sold online by Amazon in Western and Southern Europe (amazon.es®, amazon.de®, amazon.it®, and amazon.fr®). Results. We identified 298 iron-containing multivitamin-multimineral preparations sold by Amazon marketplaces: 153 preparations sourced from amazon.de®, 68 from amazon.fr®, 54 from amazon.it®, and 23 from amazon.es®. The daily iron dose provided by these preparations was 14 [5-14] mg (median and interquartile range), with no differences among the marketplaces. Approximately 90% (n = 265) of the preparations contained ferrous iron. Moreover, 85% (n = 253) of the preparations were fortified with vitamin C in a dose of 80 [40-100] mg daily. Conclusions. The median supply of iron (about 14 mg) and vitamin C (80 mg) in iron-containing multivitamin-multimineral preparations offered on Amazon platforms in Western and Southern Europe falls below that currently recommended for iron deficiency in review articles, namely 100 mg of iron and 500 mg of vitamin C per day. The iron supply of iron-containing multivitamin-multimineral preparations falls also below the dose of 30-60 mg advocated to prevent iron deficiency in menstruating women.

Effect of internet usage on the life satisfaction of the elderly spousal caregivers of disabled elderly.

This empirical study examines the impact of internet usage on the life satisfaction of spousal caregivers responsible for elderly individuals with disabilities. Utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), released in November 2023, we analyzed the health status and life satisfaction of these caregivers in the context of the recent rapid development of the internet. A stratified Proportionate to Size Sampling (PPS) approach was employed in this investigation. We assessed whether the life satisfaction of spousal caregivers is associated with internet use and whether internet adoption can moderate intergenerational relationships, interpersonal interactions, and political engagement among these caregivers. The study analyzed a sample of 760 individuals, with an average age of 60.31 years, and rural households comprising 77.14% of the sample. Our findings indicate a positive correlation between internet usage and the life satisfaction of spousal caregivers. This result enhances our understanding of the relationship between internet usage and life satisfaction in this context. Furthermore, this study supports the advancement of internet access for the aging population, assists elderly individuals in bridging the digital divide, and provides a theoretical foundation for the development of targeted, elderly-friendly internet policies by the government.

Within-session chasing of losses and wins in an online eCasino.

Chasing refers to the escalation of betting behaviour. It is conventionally seen when losing but can also be seen after wins. Diagnostic and screening items for gambling problems describe chasing as returning 'another day' to gamble. However, gamblers may also chase within sessions, and this is particularly relevant in online gambling. This study focused on two expressions of within-session chasing: (1) increasing the bet amount, or (2) a reduced probability of quitting the session, as a function of prior losses or wins. These expressions were examined across five online gambling products: slot machines, probability games, blackjack, video poker, and roulette. Our results showed that gamblers bet more and played longer sessions after immediate losses, but they bet less and played shorter sessions when losing cumulatively. The reversed pattern in the cumulative model may be due to financial constraints. For wins, gamblers bet more after both immediate and cumulative wins, but they also played shorter sessions. Chasing patterns were qualitatively similar by game type-with limited evidence for our hypothesis that chasing would be greatest for slot machines as an established high-risk category. Overall, chasing is multi-faceted, varying across the behavioural expressions, by the immediate or cumulative timeframe of prior outcomes, and by game type.