ABSTRACT
La dermatitis atópica es la forma más frecuente de eccema durante el primer año de vida; sin embargo, cuando la presentación es atípica o se asocia a infecciones, constituye un desafío diagnóstico para el pediatra. Es importante mantener un índice alto de sospecha para detectar inmunodeficiencias primarias asociadas a eccemas graves desde el período neonatal. Un ejemplo de estas es el síndrome de hiperinmunoglobulinemia E (hiper-IgE) autosómico dominante. Este cuadro se caracteriza por la presencia de infecciones cutáneas y respiratorias recurrentes, dermatitis atópica, eosinofilia y aumento de IgE. Se reporta el caso clínico de una niña de 1 mes y 29 días con diagnóstico de hiper-IgE con afección cutánea desde el nacimiento.
Atopic dermatitis is the most common form of eczema often developed before the first year of life. Nevertheless, when the presentation is atypical or related to infections the diagnostic represents a challenge for the pediatricians. It is important to maintain a high index of suspicion for the detection of primary immunodeficiency associated to severe eczema. One of them is the autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome characterized by recurrent skin and respiratory infections, atopic dermatitis, eosinophilia, and high serum IgE concentrations. In this paper, we report a 1 months and 29 days old baby girl diagnosed with hyper-IgE and a skin involvement since birth.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Dermatitis, Atopic/diagnosis , Job Syndrome/diagnosis , Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology , Eczema/diagnosis , Eczema/immunology , Job Syndrome/complicationsABSTRACT
Atopic dermatitis is the most common form of eczema often developed before the first year of life. Nevertheless, when the presentation is atypical or related to infections the diagnostic represents a challenge for the pediatricians. It is important to maintain a high index of suspicion for the detection of primary immunodeficiency associated to severe eczema. One of them is the autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome characterized by recurrent skin and respiratory infections, atopic dermatitis, eosinophilia, and high serum IgE concentrations. In this paper, we report a 1 months and 29 days old baby girl diagnosed with hyper-IgE and a skin involvement since birth.
La dermatitis atópica es la forma más frecuente de eccema durante el primer año de vida; sin embargo, cuando la presentación es atípica o se asocia a infecciones, constituye un desafío diagnóstico para el pediatra. Es importante mantener un índice alto de sospecha para detectar inmunodeficiencias primarias asociadas a eccemas graves desde el período neonatal. Un ejemplo de estas es el síndrome de hiperinmunoglobulinemia E (hiper-IgE) autosómico dominante. Este cuadro se caracteriza por la presencia de infecciones cutáneas y respiratorias recurrentes, dermatitis atópica, eosinofilia y aumento de IgE. Se reporta el caso clínico de una niña de 1 mes y 29 días con diagnóstico de hiper-IgE con afección cutánea desde el nacimiento.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Atopic , Eczema , Job Syndrome , Respiratory Tract Infections , Abstracting and Indexing , Dermatitis, Atopic/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Job Syndrome/diagnosisABSTRACT
Introduction: Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndromes (HIESs) are characterized by a high serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level, eczematoid rashes, recurrent staphylococcal skin abscesses, and recurrent pneumonia and pneumatocele formation. Autosomal dominant HIES is the most common form of HIES and mainly occurs due to loss-of-function mutations in the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) gene (STAT3 LOF). Case Presentation: We report the case of an 11-year-old Peruvian girl diagnosed with STAT3 LOF caused by p.R382W mutation. She presented with recurrent staphylococcal pneumonia and empyema caused by the rarely reported Achromobacter xylosoxidans, which led to severe destruction of the lung parenchyma, multiple lung surgeries, and the development of bronchopleural fistulas. A laparotomy was also performed, which showed evidence of sigmoid colon perforation. The patient received immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IRT) and antibiotic prophylaxis, and the frequency of her infections has decreased over the past 3 years. Conclusion: This is the first case of STAT3 LOF diagnosed by genomic sequencing in Peru. Patients with this mutation have recurrent pulmonary infections, and require multiple surgical procedures with frequent complications. A. xylosoxidans infection could be related to the prolonged stay in intensive care leading to high mortality; therefore, additional care must be taken when treating patients with this infection. In addition, colonic perforation is a rare complication in STAT3 LOF patients. IRT and antibiotic prophylaxis appear to decrease the frequency of infections and hospitalizations.
Subject(s)
Achromobacter denitrificans/isolation & purification , Empyema/microbiology , Job Syndrome/diagnosis , Job Syndrome/genetics , Loss of Function Mutation , Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/surgery , STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics , Child , Empyema/diagnosis , Humans , Immunoglobulin E/genetics , Male , Mutation , Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/microbiology , Postoperative Cognitive Complications , Sequence Analysis, DNASubject(s)
Injection Site Reaction/etiology , Job Syndrome/diagnosis , Pneumococcal Vaccines/adverse effects , STAT3 Transcription Factor/deficiency , Skin/pathology , Child , Female , Humans , Injection Site Reaction/pathology , Injection Site Reaction/surgery , Job Syndrome/genetics , Necrosis , STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics , Skin TransplantationABSTRACT
Hyper IgE syndrome (HIES) is characterized by recurrent skin abscesses, eczema, pneumonia, and high levels of serum IgE. Nonimmunologic manifestations of HIES include a characteristic face, pathologic dentition, scoliosis, bone alterations, hyperextensible joints, and vascular abnormalities. Somatic mosaicism is defined by the presence of two or more populations of cells with different genotypes in one individual. In this report, we describe one patient with classical HIES and another patient with a mild phenotype, both harboring the same genetic mutation. The patient with a mild phenotype did not present the characteristic face, had normal production of IL-17A by T CD4+ cells, but had low phosphorylation of STAT-3 in B cells. Interestingly, the mutation found in B cells was absent in other cell types analyzed, in agreement with the presence of a somatic mosaic genotype. The clinical and functional differences observed between these patients justify the use of complementary tools for a better definition of the cases. These approaches allow for a better understanding of complex phenotypes associated with somatic mosaicisms, and present the possibility to analyze the role of B lymphocytes in the pathophysiology of this disease. This knowledge has an impact on not only the treatment but also the provision of appropriate genetic counseling.
Subject(s)
B-Lymphocytes/physiology , Job Syndrome/immunology , Mosaicism , Mutation/genetics , STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics , Th17 Cells/physiology , Adult , Cells, Cultured , Female , Genetic Counseling , Genotype , Humans , Immunoglobulin E/metabolism , Immunologic Memory , Interleukin-17/metabolism , Job Syndrome/diagnosis , Male , Organ Specificity , Phenotype , Phosphorylation/genetics , STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism , Young AdultABSTRACT
The Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a rare sporadic or autosomal dominant immune and connective tissue disorder characterized by chronic eczema, cutaneous abscesses, pneumonias, invasive infections, high levels of Immunoglobulin E, primary teeth retention and bone abnormalities. We report a 24-year-old male with a history of cutaneous abscesses and esophageal candidiasis. He was admitted due to a left gluteal cellulitis. During the fifth day of hospitalization he presented a distal necrosis of the fourth finger of the right hand. Laboratory results showed high levels of IgE and positive cryoglobulins. The patient was discharged and was admitted again five days later with a new gluteal abscess. IgE levels were even higher. Applying Grimbacher scale, the diagnosis of Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome was reached.
Subject(s)
Immunoglobulin E/blood , Job Syndrome/diagnosis , Skin Diseases/diagnosis , Adult , Humans , Job Syndrome/complications , Job Syndrome/drug therapy , Male , Skin Diseases/classification , Skin Diseases/drug therapy , Young AdultABSTRACT
The Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a rare sporadic or autosomal dominant immune and connective tissue disorder characterized by chronic eczema, cutaneous abscesses, pneumonias, invasive infections, high levels of Immunoglobulin E, primary teeth retention and bone abnormalities. We report a 24-year-old male with a history of cutaneous abscesses and esophageal candidiasis. He was admitted due to a left gluteal cellulitis. During the fifth day of hospitalization he presented a distal necrosis of the fourth finger of the right hand. Laboratory results showed high levels of IgE and positive cryoglobulins. The patient was discharged and was admitted again five days later with a new gluteal abscess. IgE levels were even higher. Applying Grimbacher scale, the diagnosis of Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome was reached.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Job Syndrome/diagnosis , Skin Diseases/diagnosis , Job Syndrome/complications , Job Syndrome/drug therapy , Skin Diseases/classification , Skin Diseases/drug therapyABSTRACT
Introducción: El síndrome Hiper IgE (SHIGE) autosómico dominante (SHIGE-AD) es una inmunodeficiencia primaria asociada a alteraciones del tejido conectivo, esqueléticas, cerebrales y vasculares. La patogénesis de la inmunodeficiencia reside en una alteración en la vía Th17 lo que explica la susceptibilidad especial de estos pacientes a infecciones por S. aureus y Candida. Objetivo: Describir tres niños diagnosticados como síndrome Hiper IgE y realizar una revisión sobre el tema, con especial foco en la forma dominante de la enfermedad. Casos clínicos: Se presentan 3 niños con SHIGE (2 varones), con rash eccematoso desde el período de recién nacido, infecciones cutáneas, óticas, pulmonares, ganglionares, con niveles de IgE sérica sobre 2.000 UI/ml y eosinofilia, tratados con antimicrobianos y tópicos, con seguimiento más de 7 años. Conclusiones: Es una entidad infrecuente, que requiere alto grado de sospecha y el manejo precoz de las infecciones. Uno de sus principales diagnósticos diferenciales está dado por el niño atópico con infecciones recurrentes pero difieren en el contexto, respuesta y resolución frente a las infecciones y la falta de las otras características fenotípicas.
Introduction: Autosomal dominant Hyper IgE syndrome (HIES-AD) is a primary immunodeficiency associated with connective tissue, skeletal, vascular and brain disorders. The pathogenesis of immune deficiency lies in an alteration of Th17 cells which explains the special susceptibility of these patients to S. aureus and Candida infections. Objective: To describe three children diagnosed with hyper IgE syndrome and conduct a study on the subject, with special focus on the dominant form of the disease. Case reports: 3 children with HIES-AD (2 males and one female) with eczema since birth, skin, ear, lung, and lymph node infections, and serum IgE levels over 2,000 IU/ml and eosinophilia values, treated with antibiotics and topically, and 7 year follow-up. Conclusions: It is a rare condition that requires a high index of suspicion and early management of infections. One of its main diagnoses is atopic syndrome with recurrent infections but both conditions differ in context, response and resolution against infections and lack of other phenotypic characteristics.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Job Syndrome/diagnosis , Job Syndrome/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential , Eczema/etiology , Job Syndrome/complicationsSubject(s)
Candidiasis/microbiology , Job Syndrome/complications , Onychomycosis/microbiology , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Candidiasis/diagnosis , Candidiasis/drug therapy , Candidiasis/immunology , Child , Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Job Syndrome/diagnosis , Job Syndrome/genetics , Job Syndrome/immunology , Mutation , Onychomycosis/diagnosis , Onychomycosis/drug therapy , Onychomycosis/immunology , Phenotype , STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Autosomal dominant Hyper IgE syndrome (HIES-AD) is a primary immunodeficiency associated with connective tissue, skeletal, vascular and brain disorders. The pathogenesis of immune deficiency lies in an alteration of Th17 cells which explains the special susceptibility of these patients to S. aureus and Candida infections. OBJECTIVE: To describe three children diagnosed with hyper IgE syndrome and conduct a study on the subject, with special focus on the dominant form of the disease. CASE REPORTS: 3 children with HIES-AD (2 males and one female) with eczema since birth, skin, ear, lung, and lymph node infections, and serum IgE levels over 2,000 IU/ml and eosinophilia values, treated with antibiotics and topically, and 7 year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: It is a rare condition that requires a high index of suspicion and early management of infections. One of its main diagnoses is atopic syndrome with recurrent infections but both conditions differ in context, response and resolution against infections and lack of other phenotypic characteristics.
Subject(s)
Eczema/etiology , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Job Syndrome/physiopathology , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Eczema/pathology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Job Syndrome/diagnosis , Job Syndrome/therapy , MaleABSTRACT
The authors describe on a Brazilian girl with coronal synostosis, facial asymmetry, ptosis, brachydactyly, significant learning difficulties, recurrent scalp infections with marked hair loss, and elevated serum immunoglobulin E. Standard lymphocyte karyotype showed a small additional segment in 7p21[46,XX,add(7)(p21)]. Deletion of the TWIST1 gene, detected by Multiplex Ligation Probe-dependent Amplification (MPLA) and array-CGH, was consistent with phenotype of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. Array CGH also showed deletion of four other genes at 7p21.1 (SNX13, PRPS1L1, HD9C9, and FERD3L) and the deletion of six genes (CACNA2D2, C3orf18, HEMK1, CISH, MAPKAPK3, and DOCK3) at 3p21.31. Our case reinforces FERD3L as candidate gene for intellectual disability and suggested that genes located in 3p21.3 can be related to hyper IgE phenotype.
Subject(s)
Acrocephalosyndactylia/genetics , Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 , Job Syndrome/genetics , Learning Disabilities/genetics , Acrocephalosyndactylia/complications , Acrocephalosyndactylia/diagnosis , Child , Child, Preschool , Chromosome Banding , Chromosome Deletion , Comparative Genomic Hybridization , Facies , Female , Humans , Infant , Job Syndrome/complications , Job Syndrome/diagnosis , Learning Disabilities/complications , Learning Disabilities/diagnosis , PhenotypeABSTRACT
We describe a Turkish patient with tyrosine kinase 2 deficiency who suffered from disseminated Bacille Calmette-Guerin infection, neurobrucellosis, and cutaneous herpes zoster infection. Tyrosine kinase 2 deficiency should be considered in patients susceptible to herpes viruses and intramacrophage pathogens even in the absence of atopy, high serum IgE, and staphylococcal disease.
Subject(s)
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/enzymology , TYK2 Kinase/deficiency , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/diagnosis , Job Syndrome/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , TYK2 Kinase/bloodABSTRACT
The hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome was discribed for Buckley, and it also called the Job syndrome. There are two types: dominant autosomal and recessive autosomal. It is a primary, rare and complex immunodeficiency, characterized clinically by recurrent skin abscesses for Staphylococcus aureus, recurrent pneumonia, and pneumatoceles, hypereosinophylia, high serum levels of immunoglobulin E (> 2,000 Ul/mL), early eczema and late loss of primary dentition. Recently a STAT3 mutation has been described as origin of dominant autosomal hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome. Since 1972, 250 cases have been reported around the world. The diagnosis is done with the Grimbacher criteria and the prognosis depends on the opportune diagnosis and treatment. The incidence is same in women and men. The differential diagnosis is with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, chronic granullomatose disease, T cell lymphoma, and atopic dermatitis. The treatment is with prophylactic antibiotic, intravenous immunoglobulin or recombinant INF gamma.
Subject(s)
Job Syndrome/diagnosis , Job Syndrome/drug therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Job Syndrome/etiologyABSTRACT
We describe an association between congenital patent ductus venosus and hyper immunoglobulin E syndrome in a pair of siblings. The possibility that this is a separate entity or a genetically linked association is discussed.
Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Job Syndrome/diagnosis , Portal System/abnormalities , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Job Syndrome/complications , Male , Portal Vein/abnormalities , Rare Diseases , Siblings , Vena Cava, Inferior/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
En la atención de niños con infecciones inusuales, el pediatra debe considerar la posibilidad de un déficit inmunitario subyacente. Los más comunes, como la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y muchos defectos humorales, pueden ser fácilmente descartados. Otras inmunodeficiencias pueden requerir un adecuado índice de sospecha y eventualmente una consulta especializada. El síndrome de Buckley o de hiper IgE es una inmunodeficiencia compleja y de frecuencia no bien establecida, caracterizada por eccema precoz, abscesos recurrentes, infecciones respiratorias con formación de neumatoceles pulmonares, características faciales toscas, anomalías dentarias y esqueléticas y una marcada elevación sérica de IgE. Su sospecha clínica temprana y su eventual confirmación pueden ser dificultosas, ya que en niños pequeños aparece usualmente incompleto, el defecto inmunológico subyacente no ha sido definitivamente caracterizado y no existe una prueba diagnóstica definitiva. Se comunican los casos de dos niños con síndromede hiper IgE que presentaron dificultades en el diagnóstico, asistidos en un período de dos años en un hospital pediátrico.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Early Diagnosis , Immunoglobulin E , Job Syndrome/complications , Job Syndrome/diagnosis , Job Syndrome/therapy , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/complications , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/diagnosis , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/therapy , Pneumococcal Infections , Respiratory Tract Infections , Staphylococcal Skin InfectionsABSTRACT
En la atención de niños con infecciones inusuales, el pediatra debe considerar la posibilidad de un déficit inmunitario subyacente. Los más comunes, como la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y muchos defectos humorales, pueden ser fácilmente descartados. Otras inmunodeficiencias pueden requerir un adecuado índice de sospecha y eventualmente una consulta especializada. El síndrome de Buckley o de hiper IgE es una inmunodeficiencia compleja y de frecuencia no bien establecida, caracterizada por eccema precoz, abscesos recurrentes, infecciones respiratorias con formación de neumatoceles pulmonares, características faciales toscas, anomalías dentarias y esqueléticas y una marcada elevación sérica de IgE. Su sospecha clínica temprana y su eventual confirmación pueden ser dificultosas, ya que en niños pequeños aparece usualmente incompleto, el defecto inmunológico subyacente no ha sido definitivamente caracterizado y no existe una prueba diagnóstica definitiva. Se comunican los casos de dos niños con síndromede hiper IgE que presentaron dificultades en el diagnóstico, asistidos en un período de dos años en un hospital pediátrico.(AU)
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/complications , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/diagnosis , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/therapy , Early Diagnosis , Immunoglobulin E , Job Syndrome/diagnosis , Job Syndrome/therapy , Job Syndrome/complications , Staphylococcal Skin Infections , Pneumococcal Infections , Respiratory Tract InfectionsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The autosomal-dominant form of the hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (AD-HIES) has been described as a multisystem disorder including immune, skeletal, and dental abnormalities. Variants of AD-HIES are known but not well defined. METHODS: We evaluated 13 human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative patients from six consanguineous families with an autosomal-recessive form of hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (AR-HIES) and 68 of their relatives. RESULTS: Persons affected with AR-HIES presented with the classical immunologic findings of hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, including recurrent staphylococcal infections of the skin and respiratory tract, eczema, elevated serum immunoglobulin E, and hypereosinophilia. In addition, severe recurrent fungal and viral infections with molluscum contagiosum, herpes zoster, and herpes simplex were noted. Autoimmunity was seen in two patients. Central nervous system sequelae, including hemiplegia, ischemic infarction, and subarachnoid hemorrhages, were common and contributed to high mortality. Notably, patients with AR-HIES did not have skeletal or dental abnormalities and did not develop pneumatoceles, as seen in AD-HIES. In lymphocyte proliferation assays, patients' cells responded poorly to mitogens and failed to proliferate in response to antigens, despite the presence of normal numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations. CONCLUSION: The autosomal-recessive form of hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome is a primary immunodeficiency with elevated immunoglobulin E, eosinophilia, vasculitis, autoimmunity, central nervous system symptoms, and high mortality. AR-HIES lacks several of the key findings of AD-HIES and therefore represents a different, previously unrecognized disease entity.
Subject(s)
Job Syndrome/genetics , Autoimmunity , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Job Syndrome/diagnosis , Job Syndrome/immunology , Male , PedigreeABSTRACT
We describe 8 children with hyper-IgE syndrome who had papulopustular eruption on the face and scalp in the first year of life. Seven of the 8 patients had persistent peripheral eosinophilia and 3 had leukocytosis noted before diagnosis. Skin biopsy specimens in 6 patients revealed spongiosis and perivascular dermatitis and/or folliculitis with a predominance of eosinophils. Two patients had bone fractures and osteopenia. Recurrent pneumonia occurred in 6 children and pneumatoceles in 5. The diagnosis of hyper-IgE syndrome was made an average of 18 months after the onset of the initial papulopustular eruption. These findings may lead to earlier recognition of the disease and institution of appropriate treatment.