ABSTRACT
Works of fiction play a crucial role in the production of cultural stereotypes. Concerning gender, a widely held presumption is that many such works ascribe agency to men and passivity to women. However, large-scale diachronic analyses of this notion have been lacking. This paper provides an assessment of agency attributions in 87,531 fiction works written between 1850 and 2010. It introduces a syntax-based approach for extracting networks of character interactions. Agency is then formalized as a dyadic property: Does a character primarily serve as an agent acting upon the other character or as recipient acted upon by the other character? Findings indicate that female characters are more likely to be passive in cross-gender relationships than their male counterparts. This difference, the gender agency gap, has declined since the 19th century but persists into the 21st. Male authors are especially likely to attribute less agency to female characters. Moreover, certain kinds of actions, especially physical and villainous ones, have more pronounced gender disparities.
Subject(s)
Writing , Female , Male , Humans , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Literature , Gender IdentityABSTRACT
Purpose: This systematic review evaluates current literature on the impact vision impairment has on reading and literacy levels within education. Methods: Six databases were searched with inclusion criteria of trials or studies involving children who are blind or vision impaired, and impact on academic or school performance including reading and literacy. 1262 articles were identified, with 61 papers undergoing full screening. Quality appraisal was performed using Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) and seven articles deemed eligible for inclusion. Results: Included articles achieved a quality score of over 70 % using the CASP checklists. Direct comparison of articles was not possible due to methodological differences in assessing reading and literacy levels. All seven studies investigated aspects of reading speed, with additional measures of reading performance, such as reading reserve, comprehension, and reading accuracy. Discussion: Underlying trends highlighted students with a vision impairment do not perform at same level as their normally sighted peers with respect to reading performance - in terms of speed, but not ability. Additionally, early intervention to enhance literacy skills may help improve educational outcomes. Future direction should be aimed at identifying specific obstacles to learning these students face and providing interventions to improve academic outcomes. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Blindness , Education , Literature , ReadingABSTRACT
The aim of the study is to analyse contemporary postmodern literary works of Kazakhstan through the conceptual prism of Freudian and Jungian psychoanalysis. To achieve research goals, the following methods were used: axiomatic, content analysis, and comparative. The results of the study determined that contemporary Kazakh writers characterise a large field of motives and ideas that are revealed through text, symbols, and characters. Strong tools for their interpretation were the psychological approaches of Freud and Jung, which are the standards of psychoanalysis and have their own specific features of semantic content. Content analysis of postmodern materials has established that Kazakh stories trace the motives of mythology, religion, relationships and inner spiritual development, which consider the mental differences of the heroes of the storylines. During the psychoanalysis of the works, it was emphasised that postmodernism in the literature of Kazakhstan reflects the rejection of absolute truths, blurring the boundaries between genres, playing with traditional forms and content. Many of the characters in the stories are experiencing an identity crisis, which has been analysed through the Freudian triad and Jung's archetypal images. Kazakh literature, being woven into the cultural and historical heritage of the nation, reflects the features of mentality, socio-cultural transformations, identity and spiritual quest of heroes.
Subject(s)
Psychoanalysis , Humans , Kazakhstan , Psychoanalysis/history , History, 20th Century , LiteratureABSTRACT
Artistic pieces can be studied from several perspectives, one example being their reception among readers over time. In the present work, we approach this interesting topic from the standpoint of literary works, particularly assessing the task of predicting whether a book will become a best seller. Unlike previous approaches, we focused on the full content of books and considered visualization and classification tasks. We employed visualization for the preliminary exploration of the data structure and properties, involving SemAxis and linear discriminant analyses. To obtain quantitative and more objective results, we employed various classifiers. Such approaches were used along with a dataset containing (i) books published from 1895 to 1923 and consecrated as best sellers by the Publishers Weekly Bestseller Lists and (ii) literary works published in the same period but not being mentioned in that list. Our comparison of methods revealed that the best-achieved result-combining a bag-of-words representation with a logistic regression classifier-led to an average accuracy of 0.75 both for the leave-one-out and 10-fold cross-validations. Such an outcome enhances the difficulty in predicting the success of books with high accuracy, even using the full content of the texts. Nevertheless, our findings provide insights into the factors leading to the relative success of a literary work.
Subject(s)
Books , Books/history , History, 20th Century , Humans , Literature/historyABSTRACT
A arte e a literatura estão presentes de maneira significativa, tanto em Freud quanto em Lacan, entretanto elas se inscrevem de diferentes formas nas duas teorias, isso pode ser melhor observado quando os autores se debruçam sobre uma mesma obra, como Hamlet de William Shakespeare. Além desta, Macbeth é outro drama shakespeariano que interessará a Freud por conta da personagem de Lady Macbeth. Diante disso, o artigo analisou as interpretações de Freud acerca dessas duas tragédias shakespearianas, assim como as de Lacan sobre Hamlet, investigando algumas particularidades acerca de relações com a arte e com a literatura. Embora impliquem em interpretações diversas, essas obras reúnem elementos importantes e por vezes com um valor de exemplo paradigmático para reflexões no campo da psicanálise
Both Freud and in Lacan make extensive, albeit different, use of art and literature in their theories. This can be better observed when they focus on the same work, such as Hamlet and, in Freud's case, Macbeth by William Shakespeare. Thus, this article analysed Freud's readings of these two Shakespearean tragedies, as well as Lacan's analysis of Hamlet, investigating some particularities about their relations with art and literature. Despite differences in interpretation, these works bring together important elements valuable as a paradigmatic example of psychoanalytic reflections
Freud et Lacan font tout deux un usage intensive, mais différent, de l'art et la littérature dans leurs théories. Cela peut être mieux lorsque les auteurs se concentrent sur la même Åuvre, comme Hamlet et, dans le cas de Freud, Macbeth de William Shakespeare. Cet article donc analyse la lecture de Freud de ces deux tragédies shakespeariennes, ainsi que l'analyse de Lacan sur Hamlet, en étudiant certaines particularités de leurs relations avec l'art et la littérature. Bien qu'ils impliquent des interprétations différentes, ces travaux rassemblent des éléments importants et ont parfois valeur d'exemple paradigmatique pour les réflexions psychanalytiques
El arte y la literatura están presentes de manera significativa, tanto en Freud como en Lacan, sin embargo se inscriben de diferentes formas en ambas teorías, esto se puede observar mejor cuando los autores se enfocan en una misma obra, como Hamlet de William Shakespeare. Además de esto, Macbeth es otro drama de Shakespeare que a Freud le interesará por el personaje de Lady Macbeth. Por tanto, el artículo analizó las interpretaciones de Freud sobre estas dos tragedias de Shakespeare, así como las interpretaciones de Lacan sobre Hamlet, investigando algunas particularidades sobre sus relaciones con el arte y la literatura. Aunque implican diferentes interpretaciones, estas obras reúnen elementos importantes y, en ocasiones, con el valor de un ejemplo paradigmático para las reflexiones en el campo del psicoanálisis
Subject(s)
Art , Psychoanalytic Interpretation , Psychoanalytic Theory , LiteratureABSTRACT
The present article contributes with additional information, until now very little known, from the moment when the great Peruvian writer José María Arguedas, wounded of death product of had been inflicted with a bullet in the head which provoked him to be transferred from the National Agrarian University towards the Employee's Hospital. On the way, it is noted that a stop was made, until now scarcely known, that happened in the Post of the Grau Public Assistance Health Center, in the afternoon of Friday November 28, 1969. That day, as a consequence of a strong intestinal infection, the author of this article was being treated in the same Health Center, finding himself sharing the same room, during that time with the alleged writer.(AU)
El presente artículo contribuye con información adicional, hasta ahora muy poco conocida, cuando el gran escritor peruano José María Arguedas, herido de muerte producto de haberse infligido un balazo en la cabeza es trasladado desde la Universidad Nacional Agraria hacia el Hospital del Empleado. En el trayecto, se hace notar que se hizo una escala, hasta ahora escasamente conocida, que ocurrió en el Puesto de la Asistencia Pública de Grau, en la tarde del viernes 28 de noviembre de 1969. Ese día a consecuencia de una fuerte infección intestinal, el autor del presente artículo fue atendido de emergencia en la Asistencia Pública de Grau, compartiendo la misma habitación, durante el tiempo que permaneció el escritor en aquel centro asistencial de salud.(AU)
Este artigo contribui com informações adicionais, até agora pouco conhecidas, quando o grande escritor peruano José María Arguedas, mortalmente ferido por ter levado um tiro na cabeça, é transferido da Universidade Nacional Agrária para o Hospital do Empregado. No caminho, nota-se que foi feita uma escala, até agora pouco conhecida, que ocorreu no Posto de Atendimento Público de Grau, na tarde de sexta-feira, 28 de novembro de 1969. Naquele dia em consequência de uma forte infecção intestinal, o autor deste artigo foi atendido no pronto-socorro da Assistência Pública do Grau, compartilhando o mesmo quarto, durante o tempo que o escritor permaneceu naquele centro de saúde.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Public Assistance , Suicide , Literature , Life Change Events , PeruABSTRACT
Com poemas escritos entre janeiro de 2020 e junho de 2023, "des troço" apresenta, de maneira poética, o modo como seu autor elaborou um olhar estético para elementos singulares que transversalizaram nossos corpos individuais e coletivos em um período intenso e difícil da vida no Brasil e no mundo. A obra conta com 45 poemas, divididos em cinco partes/capítulos, tem prefácio de Alexis Milonopoulos e capa com pintura de Júlia Nascimento Gomes.
Subject(s)
Popular Work , Poetry , LiteratureABSTRACT
Introducción: El sueño bifásico o segmentado es el hábito de dormir un primer y un segundo sueño separados por una vigilia. El historiador Ekirch describe que así se dormía en los tiempos preindustriales antes de la potente iluminación artificial. Se basó en textos en diferentes idiomas, desde la Antigüedad hasta el siglo xx, pero llama la atención la ausencia de fuentes en español. Objetivo: Se revisó la literatura española en busca de referencias al sueño bifásico usando como palabras clave primer sueño y a los primeros gallos. Desarrollo: En la segunda parte de Don Quijote de la Mancha (capítulo 68), Cervantes describe el sueño bifásico con notable acierto, correlacionando los biotipos de Quijote y Sancho con sus temperamentos y hábitos de sueño y alimentarios. Curiosamente, Ekirch cita el capítulo, pero no el sueño bifásico. En esta revisión reproduzco 11 textos en español (siglos xiii a xix), mayormente obras clásicas, que lo refieren, disponiendo sus fases en coincidencia con las horas en que se dividía la noche en la era preindustrial: 20:00-21:00 a 00:00, primer sueño; 00:00 a 03:00, vigilia; 03:00 a 06:00, segundo sueño. La Celestina aporta datos significativos. Estudios recientes probaron que este hábito es fisiológico y se adapta al estilo de vida que lo requiere. Conclusiones: Se identifican y citan por primera vez referencias al sueño bifásico en la literatura española, confirmando la hipótesis de Ekirch. El Quijote lo describe con mayor amplitud y agudeza.(AU)
Introduction: Biphasic or segmented sleep is the habit of sleeping a first and a second sleep separated by a watching. The historian A Ekirch found that this was how people slept in pre-industrial times before the powerful artificial lighting. He is based on texts in different languages, from Antiquity to the 20th century, but the absence of sources in Spanish is striking. Aim: Review the Spanish literature searching references of the biphasic sleep using the keywords first sleep and at the first cockcrow. Development: In the Second Part of Don Quixote de la Mancha (Chapter 68), Cervantes describes biphasic sleep with remarkable success, correlating the biotypes of Quixote and Sancho with their temperaments and sleeping and eating habits. Strangely, Ekirch cites the chapter, but not biphasic sleep. In this review I reproduce eleven texts in Spanish (13th to 19th centuries), mostly classical works, which refer to it by arranging its phases in a way that coincides with the hours in which the night was divided in the pre-industrial era: 20:00-21:00 to 00:00, first sleep, 00:00 to 03:00, wakefulness; 03:00 to 06:00, second sleep. La Celestina provides significant data too. Recent studies proved that this habit is physiological, and it adapts to the lifestyle that requires it. Conclusions: References to biphasic sleep in Spanish literature are identified and cited for the first time, confirming Ekirchs hypothesis. In Don Quixote, Cervantes describes it with great breadth and sharpness.
Subject(s)
Humans , Literature , Sleep , Sleep Deprivation , Sleep Wake Disorders , Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders , Spain , Neurology , Nervous System DiseasesABSTRACT
Este texto pertenece al sociólogo suizo Jean Widmer y fue publicado originalmente en francés en 1992, al cumplirse los 500 años del primer viaje de Cristóbal Colón. Constituye el estudio más importante de la obra de S. Todorov sobre la otredad y fue incluido en una antología junto a otros trabajos de Widmer, en una compilación indispensable para comprender la nueva sociología estructural. Se lo publica ahora por primera vez en español, al cumplirse quince años del fallecimiento de su autor, como homenaje a su labor académica en la Universidad de Fribourg y en la plena vigencia de sus idea
This text belongs to the Swiss sociologist Jean Widmer and was originally published in French in 1992, on the 500th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' first voyage. It constitutes the most important study of S. Todorov's work on otherness and was included in an anthology together with other works by Widmer, in an indispensable compilation for understanding the new structural sociology. It is now published for the first time in Spanish, fifteen years after the death of its author, as a tribute to his academic work at the University of Fribourg and in full force of his ideas
Subject(s)
Humans , History, Medieval , Americas , Expeditions , Indigenous Culture , LiteratureABSTRACT
La novela Los hermanos Cuervo, del colombiano Andrés Felipe Solano, subraya, a través de la parodia, la ilusión de estabilidad de la lengua y del sujeto en la que se amalgama una violencia simbólica, naturalizada en la familia, el colegio y la ciudad. Esta subjetividad resuena en un territorio rígidamente dividido en estratos socioeconómicos, amalgamados simbólica e imaginariamente en narrativas culturales clasistas y profundamente excluyentes, organizadas en torno a la pareja de opuestos: todo o nada
The novel Los hermanos Cuervo, by the Colombian Andrés Felipe Solano, underlines, through parody, the illusion of stability of the language and of the subject in which a symbolic violence is amalgamated, naturalized in the family, school and the city. This subjectivity resonates in a territory rigidly divided into socioeconomic strata, symbolically and imaginarily amalgamated in classist and deeply exclusive cultural narratives, organized around the pair of opposites: all or nothing
Subject(s)
Humans , Sociological Factors , Social Identification , Language , Literature , Motion PicturesABSTRACT
Introducing the 1991 publication of Chicana Lesbians: The Girls Our Mothers Warned Us About, editor and visionary Carla Trujillo identifies the seed planted by Juanita Ramos' 1987 anthology Compañeras: Latina Lesbians. Detailing her experiential arc from exuberant to unsettled, Trujillo explains: "Compañeras had only teased me. Not only did I want more, I needed more" (ix). Trujillo's editorial recognition of a lack-of presence, voice, power, visibility-as well as the need to foster spaces for the nurturing of more Chicana lesbian voices and work engage two key components of what I identify as "needing more," a critical engagement of Chicana lesbian desire as intervention and offering. Using analysis of queer, decolonial, and performance studies, I suggest that Chicana Lesbian desire as articulated in Trujillo's anthology can be seen as a critical unsettling that posits both a critique of existing norms and structures as well as an active envisioning of new modes of self and queer familia. Shifting from theory to literature, I offer an application of "needing more" to two original contributions from Chicana Lesbians by Monica Palacios and Diane Alcalá. My analysis illuminates the three key elements of "needing more"-a recognition of lack, a conscious and ongoing envisioning of "more," and an active renegotiation of familia within the context of queer desire and community. I close the essay with my letter testimonio in the spirit of Trujillo's "needing more" and the collection's enduring engagement with and impact on queer familia.
Subject(s)
Community Support , Homosexuality, Female , Mexican Americans , Personal Autonomy , Female , Humans , Hispanic or Latino/psychology , Homosexuality, Female/psychology , Mexican Americans/psychology , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Social Support/psychology , Community Support/psychology , LiteratureABSTRACT
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo abordar a noção freudiana de desamparo a partir da leitura do último romance da escritora Clarice Lispector, intitulado A Hora da Estrela. A metodologia adotada na presente pesquisa consiste em uma pesquisa bibliográfica, sendo privilegiado o referencial teórico freudiano. O intuito do trabalho consiste em realizar aproximações entre as noções de desamparo, literatura e tragicidade na teoria psicanalítica e no texto clariciano aqui abordado. Sabendo que a obra clariciana propicia que diversas leituras sejam efetivadas, optamos por realizar um recorte teórico e fincar nossas observações em trechos da obra que nos levem ao entendimento do conceito teórico freudiano de desamparo. Assim sendo, conclui-se que o desamparo é a expressão máxima da marca humana e que há maneiras de lidarmos com esta verdade tão avassaladora, inclusive por meio da arte poética. Ainda que as marcas deixadas por esta verdade, que são compostas de tragicidade e conflito, sejam demasiadamente rígidas, a psicanálise e a literatura nos fornecem subsídios para enfrentá-las
Le présent travail vise à aborder la notion freudienne d'impuissance à partir de la lecture du dernier roman de l'écrivain Clarice Lispector, intitulé L'heure de l'étoile. La méthodologie adoptée dans cette recherche consiste en une recherche bibliographique, en privilégiant la référence théorique freudienne. Le but du travail est de faire des rapprochements entre les notions d'impuissance, de littérature et de tragique dans la théorie psychanalytique et dans le texte lispectorien abordé ici. Sachant que l'Åuvre de Clarice permet d'effectuer plusieurs lectures, nous avons choisi de faire une coupure théorique et de baser nos observations sur des extraits de l'Åuvre qui nous amènent à la compréhension du concept théorique freudien d'impuissance. Nous en concluons donc que l'impuissance est l'expression ultime du manque humain et qu'il existe des moyens de faire face à cette vérité écrasante, y compris par le biais de l'art poétique. Bien que les marques laissées par cette vérité, qui sont composées de tragique et de conflit, soient trop rigides, la psychanalyse et la littérature nous fournissent des subventions pour y faire face.
The present work aims to address the Freudian notion of helplessness from the reading of the last novel by the writer Clarice Lispector, entitled The Hour of the Star. The methodology adopted in this research consists of a bibliographical research, being privileged the Freudian theoretical framework. The purpose of the work is to make approximations between the notions of helplessness, literature and tragicity in psychoanalytic theory and in the Clarice's text addressed here. Knowing that the author's work allows several readings to be carried out, we chose to make a theoretical cut and base ourobservations on excerpts from the work that lead us to the understanding of the Freudian theoretical concept of helplessness. Therefore, it is concluded that helplessness is the maximum expression of human mark and that there are ways to deal with this overwhelming truth, including through poetic art. Although the marks left by this truth, which are composed of tragicity and conflict, are too rigid, psychoanalysis and literature provide us with subsidies to face them
Subject(s)
Psychoanalysis , Bereavement , Sadness , LiteratureABSTRACT
Se acepta que la literatura puede ser útil para la enseñanza de la medicina porque ambas disciplinas trabajan con sentimientos de personas y consideran la relación interpersonal como el marco de referencia de su actividad profesional. En este trabajo se aportan una serie de ejemplos integrados por fragmentos de textos narrativos tomados de diferentes obras literarias que inciden en el valor de las descripciones y percepciones de diversos autores sobre aspectos de la interacción entre diferentes actores del acto médico. En síntesis, se refleja la imagen cambiante de la medicina y los médicos, del médico como persona, del efecto curativo de la interacción médico-enfermo, y de la interacción con el sistema sanitario. Si bien se aprecia el carácter altruista y abnegado de la práctica médica, los testimonios vertidos en algunos textos literarios dejan constancia de la necesidad de prestar más atención a la formación en empatía no sólo de los profesionales sanitarios, sino también de cuantas personas realizan su trabajo en el ámbito sanitario. (AU)
It is well accepted that literature can be useful for the teaching of medicine because both disciplines study people's feelings and consider the interpersonal relationship as the frame of reference for their professional activity. In the present work, a set of examples are provided, made up of fragments of narrative texts taken from different literary works that have impact on the value of the descriptions and perceptions of several authors on aspects of the interaction between different participants in the medical act. Briefly, it reflects the changing picture of medicine and doctors, the doctor as a person, the healing effect of the doctor-patient interaction, and of the interaction with the healthcare system. Whilst the altruistic and selfless nature of medical practice is appreciated, the proofs expressed in some literary texts show the need to pay more attention to training on the empathy not only for health professionals, but also for all the people who work in the healthcare system. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Literature , Education, Medical , Health Systems , Disease , PatientsABSTRACT
No mês de março de 2020, quando o Brasil começou a implementar medidas de enfrentamento ao novo coronavírus, um estado profundo de perplexidade tomou conta da população. Nesse contexto, foi criado o site AntropoLÓGICAS Epidêmicas com o objetivo de difundir produções acadêmicas e não acadêmicas relacionadas à pandemia. Uma das seções deste site tinha como título IMAGINAÇÃO político-viral e acolheu trabalhos que não se enquadram nos formatos mais habituais da produção acadêmica, como contos, crônicas, poesias, vídeos, entrevistas, montagens multimídia etc. A ideia de "imaginações político-virais" diz respeito a um mundo por vir e, ao mesmo tempo, às maneiras de experimentar e compor o presente. Neste livro, publicamos trabalhos selecionados desta seção e que expressam a vertigem dos primeiros meses da pandemia e se destacam pela criatividade e impacto estético. Os textos não foram revisados para manter a forma exata de como foram concebidos naquele momento e as autoras foram convidadas a escreverem um "pós-escrito" comentando seu trabalho três anos depois. Neste mundo fora de equilíbrio e acelerado, foi bastante prazeroso acolher e incentivar a liberdade de criação em meio às novas experimentações do tempo. Esperamos que este livro contribua com memórias afetivas que expressam um momento histórico marcante, mas sobretudo que enseje mais exercícios de liberdade no cotidiano e novas imaginações político-virais que ensaiem a construção de um mundo mais justo e alegre.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , COVID-19 , LiteratureABSTRACT
O desenvolvimento infantil é um campo de estudo complexo e deve ser analisado de maneira integrada, considerando os contextos nos quais a criança está in-serida. A frequência a instituições de educação infantil (iei) é indicada pela literatura internacional como um facilitador dos domínios do desenvolvimento, contudo, não há consenso nos dados brasileiros já apresentados. Pontua-se que outras variáveis do ambiente doméstico, como dispor de brinquedos e materiais variados e o tempo de interação com a mãe, possam influenciar nes-sa relação. O objetivo do estudo é comparar crianças que frequentam ou não iei em relação aos domínios do desenvolvimento, considerando grupo etário, tipo de escola e variáveis do ambiente doméstico. Participa-ram 1.843 mães de crianças de quatro a 72 meses, que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e ao Inventário Dimensional de Avaliação do Desenvolvi-mento Infantil. Os resultados apontaram que crianças que não frequentam iei apresentaram melhores médias nos domínios Motricidade Ampla e Linguagem Recepti-va em faixas etárias específicas. Dispor de brinquedos e materiais variados e o tempo que a mãe empregava para brincadeiras com a criança demonstraram um impacto positivo em diferentes domínios do desenvolvimento, no entanto, não houve interação com a frequência à iei. Verificou-se que quanto mais horas a mãe dispõe para brincadeiras durante a semana, melhores são as médias alcançadas em diferentes domínios do desenvolvimento de crianças de iei públicas e privadas. Discute-se o papel da educação infantil no desenvolvimento integral da criança, especialmente sobre a qualidade das iei e a necessidade de práticas baseadas em evidências.
El desarrollo infantil es un campo de estudio complejo y debe ser analizado de forma integrada, consideran-do los contextos del niño. La literatura internacional señala a la asistencia a las instituciones de educación infantil (iei) como un facilitador de los dominios del desarrollo, pero, no hay consenso en los datos brasileños. Otras variables del ambiente doméstico, como tener juguetes y materiales diferentes, y el tiempo de interacción con la madre, podrían influir en esta relación. El objetivo del estudio es comparar a los niños que asisten o no a una iei en relación a los dominios de desarrollo, considerando grupo etario, tipo de es-cuela y variables del ambiente del hogar. Participaron 1.843 madres de niños de cuatro a 72 meses, quienes respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el Inventario Dimensional para la Evaluación del Desarrollo Infantil. Los niños que no asisten a una iei tienen mejores promedios en los dominios Motricidad Gruesa y Lenguaje Receptivo en grupos de edad específicos. Tener diferentes juguetes y materiales, y el tiempo que la madre dedicaba a jugar con el niño demostró un impacto positivo en diferentes dominios, pero, no hubo interacción con la asistencia a una iei. Mientras más horas tiene la madre para jugar durante la semana, mejores son los promedios en los diferentes dominios de desarrollo de los niños con iei pública y privada. Se discute el papel de la educación inicial en el desarrollo integral, especialmente la calidad de la iei y la necesidad de prácticas basadas en evidencias.
Child development is a complex field that should be ana-lyzed comprehensively, considering children's contexts. The international literature indicates attendance to child daycare institutions (cdi) as a facilitator for child development. However, there is no consensus regarding Brazilian data. Other variables of the child's domestic environment, such as having various toys and materials and the time of interaction with the mother, may influence this relationship. This study aimed to compare children attending or not attending cdi regarding developmental domains and considering age group, type of school, and do-mestic environment variables. A total of 1.843 mothers of children aged zero to 72 months participated, answer-ing a sociodemographic questionnaire and the In-ventário Dimensional de Avaliação do Desenvolvimento Infantil (idadi). The results showed that children who did not attend cdi had better averages in Gross Motor Skills and Receptive Language domains in specific age groups. Having a variety of toys and materials and the time the mother spends playing with the child had a positive impact on different developmental domains; however, there was no interaction with attending cdi. It was found that the more hours the mother played with the child during the week, the better the averages achieved in different domains of development for chil-dren attending public or private cdi. The role of early childhood education in integral child development is discussed, especially the quality of cdi and the need for evidence-based practices.
Subject(s)
Humans , Time , Child Development , Child Rearing , Growth and Development , Environment , Language , Literature , Age GroupsABSTRACT
Humans have long suspected that stories can help us better understand others, and, indeed, lifelong exposure to narrative fiction does predict better social cognition. Several experiments have attempted to investigate the causal direction of this relationship to see if random assignment to a brief narrative directly improves social cognition. Although these experiments have yielded mixed results, a recent meta-analysis did find a small causal effect of narrative fiction on social cognition. What remains unanswered is whether the published findings reflect questionable research practices or trustworthy evidence. In order to rule out the possibility that this body of work has been meaningfully impacted by selective reporting, we conducted a p-curve on the experimental literature on narrative fiction and social cognition. The results of the p-curve indicated that this work does indeed have evidential value but that this conclusion is not very robust. Thus, further experimental work on the causal effect of narrative fiction on social cognitive skills is required before substantial conclusions can be drawn. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Subject(s)
Social Skills , Humans , LiteratureABSTRACT
RESUMO. Neste estudo, tivemos como objetivo aprofundar o conceito de fluidez sexual pela análise crítica da literatura e de uma síntese integrativa sobre o tema. Nele, analisamos estudos que se debruçam sobre a fluidez sexual, exploramos o conceito, sob orientação do modo como Lisa Diamond o introduz na literatura científica, o define e operacionaliza. Por fim, debruçamo-nos sobre estudos no âmbito da fluidez sexual, a fim de perceber os significados atribuídos, e questionando o potencial viés de gênero que acompanha um conceito situado num tempo e num contexto heteronormativos. Como contributo para o aprofundamento do conceito e reforço das suas potencialidades, são apresentadas reflexões sobre a relação entre a fluidez sexual e a masculinidade hegemônica, uma relação pouco valorizada na literatura científica. Globalmente, este trabalho promove, criticamente e de modo interseccional, o questionamento sobre a fixação no sexo/gênero das pessoas envolvidas numa situação sexual e são discutidas as fronteiras do conceito de fluidez sexual e a sua (im)permeabilidade.
RESUMEN. En este estudio, buscamos profundizar el concepto de fluidez sexual a través de un análisis crítico de la literatura y de una síntesis integradora sobre el tema. Para tal, se analizaron estudios enfocados en la fluidez sexual y se exploró este mismo concepto según la guía de cómo Lisa Diamond lo introduce en la literatura científica, lo define y lo concretiza. El análisis de los estudios en torno de la fluidez sexual se realizó teniendo como objetivos comprender los significados atribuidos al concepto y cuestionar el posible sesgo de género que acompaña un concepto ubicado en un tiempo y en un contexto heteronormativos. De cara a profundizar el concepto y reforzar su potencial, se presentan reflexiones sobre la relación entre la fluidez sexual y la masculinidad hegemónica, una relación que no se tiene en cuenta habitualmente en la literatura científica. En general, este trabajo contribuye, de manera crítica e interseccional, al cuestionamiento sobre la fijación en el sexo/género de las personas involucradas en una situación sexual y discute los límites del concepto de fluidez sexual y su (im)permeabilidad.
ABSTRACT. In this study, we sought to deepen the concept of sexual fluidity through a critical analysis of the literature and an integrative synthesis on the topic. In it, we analyzed studies that focus on sexual fluidity, explored the concept, under the guidance of how Lisa Diamond introduces it into the scientific literature, defines it, and operationalizes it. Finally, we focused on studies on sexual fluidity, trying to understand the meanings attributed to the concept, questioning the potential gender bias that accompanies a concept located in a heteronormative time and context. As a contribution to the deepening of the concept and reinforcement of its potential, reflections are presented on the relationship between sexual fluidity and hegemonic masculinity, a relationship that is little valued in the scientific literature. Overall, this work promotes, critically and in an intersectional way, the questioning about the fixation in sex/gender of people involved in a sexual situation and discussed the boundaries of the concept of sexual fluidity and its (im)permeability.
Subject(s)
Gender Performativity , Literature/history , Sexuality/history , Sexuality/psychology , Masculinity/history , Gender IdentityABSTRACT
O campo dos estudos transpessoais tem avançado em diversas áreas no Brasil. Comemorou seus 40 anos com uma inserção ativa nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) e uma ampliação de núcleos formativos e apoiadores de ensino, pesquisa e ações sociais, além de diálogos com o Sistema de Conselhos de Psicologia. Desafios são apresentados a partir do levantamento de uma série de questões importantes e ignoradas dentro da Psicologia Transpessoal no Brasil. Apresentamos o pluriperspectivismo participativo como possibilidade de decolonizar as matrizes eurocêntricas e estadunidenses, que dão suporte ao pensamento transpessoal brasileiro, buscando honrar nossas raízes históricas e incluir outras epistemologias e ontologias, que dão continuidade à crítica à lógica cartesiana moderna. Indicamos uma breve agenda de notas temáticas que carecem de um processo decolonizador no campo transpessoal: a) crítica às perspectivas de um pensamento hegemônico, em termos globais por meio da dominação Norte-Sul ou no campo das relações sociais; b) revisão das formas de "centrocentrismo"; c) questionamento da noção de universalismo das ciências e da ética; d) aprofundamento da análise crítica da supremacia restritiva da racionalidade formal técnico-científica em relação às formas de subjetividade, de vivências holísticas e integradoras e de valorização do corpo; e) revisão da noção de sujeito moderno desprovida da cocriação do humano com a comunidade, a história, a natureza e o cosmos.(AU)
The field of transpersonal studies has advanced in several areas in Brazil. It celebrated its 40th anniversary with an active insertion in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) and an expansion of training centers and supporters of teaching, research, and social actions, in addition to dialogues with the System of Councils of Psychology. Challenges are presented based on a survey of a series of important and ignored issues within Transpersonal Psychology in Brazil. We present participatory pluriperspectivism as a possibility to decolonize the Eurocentric and North American matrices that support Brazilian transpersonal thought, seeking to honor our historical roots and include other epistemologies and ontologies, which continue the critique of modern Cartesian logic. We indicate a brief agenda of thematic notes that lack a decolonizing process in the transpersonal field: a) criticism of the perspectives of a hegemonic thought, whether in global terms via North-South domination or in the field of social relations; b) review of the forms of "centrocentrism"; c) questioning of the notion of universalism of science and ethics; d) deepening of the critical analysis of the restrictive supremacy of the technical-scientific formal rationality in relation to the forms of subjectivity, of holistic and integrative experiences, and of valuing the body; e) review of the notion of the modern subject devoid of the co-creation of the human with the community, the history, the nature, and the cosmos.(AU)
El campo de los estudios transpersonales ha avanzado en varias áreas de Brasil. Se celebró su 40.º aniversario con una inserción activa en Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) y una ampliación de los centros de formación y promotores de la docencia, la investigación y la acción social, además de diálogos con el Sistema de Consejos de Psicología. Los desafíos se presentan a partir de una encuesta de una serie de temas importantes e ignorados dentro de la Psicología Transpersonal en Brasil. Presentamos el pluriperspectivismo participativo como una posibilidad para decolonizar las matrices eurocéntrica y americana, que sustentan el pensamiento transpersonal brasileño, buscando honrar nuestras raíces históricas e incluir otras epistemologías y ontologías que continúan la crítica de la lógica cartesiana moderna. Indicamos una breve agenda de apuntes temáticos que carecen de un proceso decolonizador en el campo transpersonal: a) crítica de las perspectivas de un pensamiento hegemónico, ya sea en términos globales a través del dominio Norte-Sur o en el campo de las relaciones sociales; b) revisión de las formas de "centrocentrismo"; c) cuestionamiento de la noción de universalismo de la ciencia y la ética; d) profundización del análisis crítico de la supremacía restrictiva de la racionalidad formal técnico-científica en relación a las formas de subjetividad, de experiencias holísticas e integradoras y de valoración del cuerpo; e) revisión de la noción de sujeto moderno desprovisto de la cocreación de lo humano con la comunidad, la historia, la naturaleza y el cosmos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Colonialism , Spirituality , Social Participation , Life Course Perspective , Philosophy , Politics , Art , Practice, Psychological , Prejudice , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Psychophysiology , Psychotherapy , Rationalization , Aspirations, Psychological , Religion and Psychology , Self-Assessment , Self Concept , Achievement , Social Justice , Social Problems , Social Sciences , Societies , Specialization , Superego , Time , Transsexualism , Unconscious, Psychology , Universities , Vitalism , Work , Behavior , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Behaviorism , Black or African American , Humans , Self Disclosure , Adaptation, Psychological , Career Choice , Poverty Areas , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Organizations , Health , Mental Health , Conflict of Interest , Comment , Mental Competency , Personal Construct Theory , Problem-Based Learning , Congresses as Topic , Conscience , Cultural Diversity , Knowledge , Western World , Qi , Feminism , Life , Cooperative Behavior , Cultural Characteristics , Cultural Evolution , Culture , Professional Misconduct , Personal Autonomy , Personhood , Death , Human Characteristics , Parturition , Drive , Education , Ego , Ethics, Professional , Ethnology , Existentialism , Resilience, Psychological , Theory of Mind , Apathy , Racism , Academic Performance , Worldview , Ethnocentrism , Egocentrism , Health Belief Model , Psychosocial Functioning , Social Comparison , Freedom of Religion , Diversity, Equity, Inclusion , Family Structure , Psychological Well-Being , Goals , Hallucinogens , Holistic Health , Human Rights , Humanism , Id , Individuality , Individuation , Life Change Events , Literature , Malpractice , Anthropology , Morals , Motivation , Mysticism , MythologyABSTRACT
Dialogar sobre educação inclusiva tem como desafio criar uma atmosfera na qual diferenças e diversidades são aceitas e apreciadas. Com o objetivo de proporcionar condições favoráveis para a conscientização da diversidade como uma característica da humanidade, relatamos a experiência do processo de criação e aplicação de uma oficina de literatura inclusiva para alunos do Ensino Fundamental I. Os resultados demonstram que a metodologia utilizada foi útil para identificar pontos relevantes para serem trabalhados com as crianças, favoreceu o senso de reconhecimento das diferenças individuais e coletivas e forneceu repertório para fortalecimento do enfrentamento a questões relacionadas ao bullying e autoimagem.
Dialogar sobre educación inclusiva tiene como desafío crear una atmosfera en la cual diferencias y diversidades son aceptas y apreciadas. Con el objetivo de proporcionar condiciones favorables a la concientización de la diversidad como una característica de la humanidad, relatamos a experiencia del proceso de creación y aplicación de un taller de literatura inclusiva para alumnos de la enseñanza básica I. Los resultados demuestran que la metodología utilizada fue útil para identificar puntos relevantes a ser estudiados con los niños, favoreció el sentido de reconocimiento de las diferencias individuales y colectivas y ofreció repertorio para fortalecimiento del enfrentamiento a cuestiones relacionadas al bullying y autoimagen
In order to dialogue about inclusive education has the challenge of creating an atmosphere in which differences and diversities are accepted and appreciated. With the objective of providing favorable conditions for the awareness of diversity as a characteristic of humanity, we report the experience of the creation process and application of an inclusive literature workshop for students of Elementary School I. The results demonstrate that the methodology used was useful for identifying relevant points to be worked on with the children, favored the sense of recognition of individual and collective differences and provided a repertoire to strengthen the confrontation with issues related to bullying and self-image.