ABSTRACT
O Sarampo é uma doença viral aguda, infectocontagiosa, altamente transmissível que atinge com mais severidade populações de baixo nível socioeconômico.
Subject(s)
MeaslesABSTRACT
O Sarampo é uma doença viral aguda, infectocontagiosa, altamente transmissível que atinge com mais severidade populações de baixo nível socioeconômico.
Subject(s)
MeaslesABSTRACT
O Sarampo é uma doença viral aguda, infectocontagiosa, altamente transmissível que atinge com mais severidade populações de baixo nível socioeconômico.
Subject(s)
MeaslesABSTRACT
O Sarampo é uma doença viral aguda, infectocontagiosa, altamente transmissível que atinge com mais severidade populações de baixo nível socioeconômico.
Subject(s)
MeaslesABSTRACT
O Sarampo é uma doença viral aguda, infectocontagiosa, altamente transmissível que atinge com mais severidade populações de baixo nível socioeconômico.
Subject(s)
MeaslesABSTRACT
O Sarampo é uma doença viral aguda, infectocontagiosa, altamente transmissível que atinge com mais severidade populações de baixo nível socioeconômico.
Subject(s)
MeaslesABSTRACT
O Sarampo é uma doença viral aguda, infectocontagiosa, altamente transmissível que atinge com mais severidade populações de baixo nível socioeconômico.
Subject(s)
MeaslesABSTRACT
O Sarampo é uma doença viral aguda, infectocontagiosa, altamente transmissível que atinge com mais severidade populações de baixo nível socioeconômico.
Subject(s)
MeaslesABSTRACT
O Sarampo é uma doença viral aguda, infectocontagiosa, altamente transmissível que atinge com mais severidade populações de baixo nível socioeconômico.
Subject(s)
MeaslesABSTRACT
A woman in her 40s known to have systemic lupus erythematosus presented with a maculopapular rash on her face, neck and chest following measles exposure. She had received a single-dose measles vaccine as a child in the 1970s and was therefore presumed to be immune, and thus not infectious. As a result, she was initially managed in an open bay. Measles virus IgM antibody in serum was undetectable; however, measles virus RNA was subsequently detected in throat swab by PCR, which is consistent with current infection. Measles is one of the most transmissible diseases in the world and cases are rising both in the UK and globally. Our case and literature review highlight the risk of vaccine failure in measles, especially in people who have not received two doses of the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine. It also highlights the challenges in diagnosing measles in previously vaccinated individuals.
Subject(s)
Measles , Humans , Measles/prevention & control , Measles/diagnosis , Female , Measles Vaccine , Adult , Measles virus/immunology , Measles virus/isolation & purification , Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology , Vaccination , Middle Aged , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Immunoglobulin M/bloodABSTRACT
We investigated a variant of measles virus that encodes three mismatches to the reverse priming site for a widely used diagnostic real-time RT-PCR assay; reduction of sensitivity was hypothesised. We examined performance of the assay in context of the variant using in silico data, synthetic RNA templates and clinical specimens. Sensitivity was reduced observed at low copy numbers for templates encoding the variant sequence. We designed and tested an alternate priming strategy, rescuing the sensitivity of the assay.
Subject(s)
Measles virus , Measles , RNA, Viral , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sensitivity and Specificity , Humans , Measles/diagnosis , Measles/virology , Measles virus/genetics , Measles virus/isolation & purification , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , RNA, Viral/geneticsABSTRACT
Introduction. At the end of 2019 and the year before, there was a significant spread of measles in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region.Gap statement. Among the countries that reported, a measles outbreak was Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH).Aim. To describe the measles outbreak in BiH (an entity of the Federation of BiH, FBiH) in 2019.Methodology. Confirmatory IgM serology, measles nucleic acid detection by real-time RT-PCR and virus genotyping were done in the WHO-accredited laboratory for measles and rubella at the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo, Unit for Clinical Microbiology. Genotype was determined in all measles-RNA-positive cases by sequence analysis of the 450 nt fragment coding the C-terminal of measles virus nucleoprotein (N).Results. From 1 January to 31 December 2019, 1332 measles cases were reported, with the peak observed in April 2019 (413/1332, 31.01â%). Sarajevo Canton had the highest incidence, number of cases and percentage (206.4; 868/1332; 65.17â%) of measles cases. Around four-fifths of infected persons were unvaccinated (1086/1332, 81.53â%), while 4.58â% of the patients (61/1332) were immunized with one dose of measles-containing vaccine. The highest proportion of cases was found in children 0-6 years of age (738/1332, 55.41â%). Measles IgM positivity was determined in 75.88â% (346/456), while virus RNA was detected in 82.46â% (47/57) of the swab samples. All measles virus sequences belonged to genotype B3. SNP (position 216: C=>T) was detected in 1 of the 40 sequences obtained during this outbreak.Conclusion. Due to suboptimal immunization coverage, BiH belongs to countries at a high risk for measles outbreaks. Post-COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, targeted and tailored strategies are required to ensure routine vaccination demand and acceptance and broad partner and stakeholder group participation.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Disease Outbreaks , Genotype , Measles virus , Measles , Humans , Measles/epidemiology , Measles/virology , Measles/prevention & control , Measles virus/genetics , Measles virus/isolation & purification , Measles virus/classification , Measles virus/immunology , Child , Male , Adult , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Female , Young Adult , Infant , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , Bosnia and Herzegovina/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Immunoglobulin M/blood , RNA, Viral/genetics , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , Measles Vaccine/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Viral/bloodABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Each year, vaccine-preventable diseases cost the lives of 8.8 million under-five children. Although vaccination prevents 1-2 million childhood deaths worldwide, measles vaccination dropouts are not well studied in developing countries, particularly in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aims to assess the spatial distribution of the measles vaccination dropout and its determinants among under-five children in Ethiopia. METHODS: Data from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2019 was used for data analysis. The study used a total of 5,753 children. Spatial autocorrelations was used to determine the spatial dependency of measles vaccination dropout. Ordinary interpolation was employed to forecast measles vaccination dropout. Factors associated with measles vaccination dropout were declared significant at p-values <0.05. The data were interpreted using the confidence interval and adjusted odds ratio. A model with the lowest deviance and highest logliklihood ratio was selected as the best-fit model. RESULTS: In Ethiopia, one in three under-five children had measles vaccination dropouts. Factors such as birth interval (AOR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.70), unmarried marital status women (AOR = 3.98, 95% CI: 1.08, 8.45), ≤1 number of under-five children (AOR = 3.86, 95% CI: 2.56, 5.81), rural place of residence (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI: 2.29, 3.11), low community-level ANC utilization (AOR = 3.20, 95% CI: 2.53, 3.56), and residing in Benishangul Gumuz (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.061, 3.06) had higher odds of measles vaccination dropout. CONCLUSIONS: Measles vaccination dropout rates in Ethiopia among under-five children were high compared to the maximum tolerable vaccination dropout level of 10% by the WHO. Both individual and community-level variables were determinants of measles vaccination dropout. The ministry of health in Ethiopia should give attention to those mothers of under-five children who reported underutilization of ANC services and rural residences while designing policies and strategies in areas of high spatial clustering of vaccine dropout in Ethiopia.
Subject(s)
Health Surveys , Measles Vaccine , Measles , Multilevel Analysis , Vaccination , Humans , Ethiopia , Female , Male , Child, Preschool , Measles Vaccine/administration & dosage , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Measles/prevention & control , Measles/epidemiology , Infant , Adult , Spatial Analysis , Patient Dropouts/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult , AdolescentABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The seroprevalence of antibodies against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) was evaluated 17 years following a mass vaccination campaign in individuals aged 2 to 22 years who had received routine immunization but were not eligible for an extended immunization program. METHODS: Samples were acquired from Iran's National Measles Laboratory (NML), with individuals showing positive IgM results excluded. Out of the samples collected in 2020, a random selection of 290 serum samples was chosen, representing individuals between the ages of 2 and 22 years from diverse regions in the country. These samples were subjected to analysis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify specific IgG antibodies against MMR. RESULTS: The seroprevalence rates of antibodies for measles, mumps, and rubella were determined to be 76.2%, 89.3%, and 76.9%, respectively. Younger age groups exhibited higher seropositivity rates for measles and mumps, whereas the 7- to 11-year-old group demonstrated the highest seropositivity rate for rubella. A reduction in antibody status was observed from younger to older age groups, particularly those aged 17-22. CONCLUSION: The study unveiled suboptimal antibody levels for measles and rubella, highlighting the necessity for further investigation and potential adjustments to future vaccination strategies. Moreover, the decline in antibody status post-vaccination can accumulate in seronegative individuals over time, elevating the risk of outbreaks.