ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: F abry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder with accumulation of globotriosylceramide, causing neurologic involvement mainly as acroparesthesias and cerebrovascular disease. Aseptic meningitis has been reported in 11 patients with FD, but no prior study has correlated alpha-galactosidase (GLA) specific variants with meningitis. We present in this manuscript a family in which a novel GLA pathogenic variant was associated with aseptic meningitis in 2 of 5 family members. METHODS: This study began with identifying the proband, then screening family members for FD symptoms and evaluating symptomatic individuals for genetic and biochemical status. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging, and those with headache underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. RESULTS: Five patients (3 females) from a single family were included in this study. Mean age at diagnosis was 20.6 years. Two patients (40%) had aseptic meningitis; one of them also had cerebrovascular events. C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were elevated during aseptic meningitis episodes. Both patients responded to intravenous methylprednisolone with resolution of fever, headache, and vomiting. One of them recurred and needed chronic immunosuppression with azathioprine. CONCLUSION: We described aseptic meningitis in a family with a novel GLA variant. Meningitis might be a common phenomenon in FD and not a particularity of this variant. Understanding the mechanisms underlying meningitis and its association with cerebrovascular events may lead to a new paradigm of treatment for stroke in these patients. Further prospective studies with CSF collection in patients with FD and recurrent headache could help to elucidate this question.
Subject(s)
Fabry Disease , Meningitis, Aseptic , Female , Humans , Fabry Disease/complications , Fabry Disease/drug therapy , Fabry Disease/genetics , Meningitis, Aseptic/etiology , Prospective Studies , Phenotype , Headache/complications , MutationSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Polychondritis, Relapsing/complications , Polychondritis, Relapsing/diagnosis , Meningitis, Aseptic/etiology , Polychondritis, Relapsing/drug therapy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use , Dura Mater/pathology , Dura Mater/diagnostic imaging , Ear/pathology , Finger Joint/pathology , Finger Joint/diagnostic imaging , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Meningitis, Aseptic/etiology , Polychondritis, Relapsing/complications , Polychondritis, Relapsing/diagnosis , Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use , Dura Mater/diagnostic imaging , Dura Mater/pathology , Ear/pathology , Finger Joint/diagnostic imaging , Finger Joint/pathology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Middle Aged , Polychondritis, Relapsing/drug therapyABSTRACT
A meningite asséptica (MA) é uma entidade anatomoclínica aguda, benigna, de ocorrência rara na população geral, com manifestações clínicas variáveis e ausência de patógenos identificáveis no líquido cefalorraquidiano. Sua prevalência é maior associada a administração ou presença de algum medicamento e/ou doença autoimune, respectivamente. Seu diagnóstico é dificultado devido à inespecificidade das manifestações clínicas e laboratoriais, o que resulta em hospitalizações, propedêutica invasiva e antibioticoterapia desnecessárias.
Aseptic meningitis (AM) is an acute and benign condition, rare in the general population, characterized by nonspecific clinical manifestations associated with changes on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample analysis, including negative cultures. The subject of analysis is the relationship between medication intake and autoimmune diseases with the occurrence of AM. It has been concluded that this condition occurs more often in case both causes are associated. The diagnosis of AM is difficult because of the nonspecifity of the signs and symptoms and findings on CSF analysis, which results in unnecessary hospitalizations, invasive exams and antibiotic therapy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Meningitis, Aseptic/diagnosis , Meningitis, Aseptic/etiologyABSTRACT
La mayoría de las meningitis en la infancia no son bacterianas, pero la dificultad en descartar tal etiología obliga con frecuencia a utilizar antibióticos inicialmente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue validar, en nuestro medio, una regla de predicción clínica para diferenciar la etiología de las meningitis en niños a su ingreso al hospital. Método. Estudio prospectivo que incluyó pacientes menores 19 años de edad con diagnósitco de meningitis. En todos se obtuvo líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) para análisis directo, citoquímico y cultivo, y hemograma. Se calculó el BMS (Bacterial Meningitis Score: puntaje de meningitis basteriana) descripto por Nigrovic (Pediatrics 2002; 110:712): tinción de Gram en LCR positiva = 2 puntos; proteinorraquia mayor o igual 80 mg/dl, neutrófilos en sangre periférica mayor o igual 10000/mn3, neutrofilos en LCR mayor o igual 1000/mm3, convulsiones, un punto cada uno. Se calculó sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valores predictivos positivo y negativo (VPP y VPN) y razones de verosimilitud positiva y negativa (RVP y RVN)del BMS para predecir meningitis bacteriana. Resultados. Se incluyeron 70 pacientes con meningitis (14 bacterianas) veinticinco pacientes presentaron BMS=0 puntos, 11 BMS=1 punto, y 34 BMS mayor o igual 2 puntos. Un BMS=0 evidenció S: 100 por ciento E: 44 por ciento, VPP; 31 por ciento, VPN: 100 por ciento, RVP: 1,81 RVN: 0 para predecir meningitis bacteriana. Un BMS mayor o igual 2 mostró S: 100 por ciento, E: 64 por ciento, VPP: 41 por ciento, VPN: 100 por ciento, RVP: 2,8 RVN: 0 para predecir meningitis bacteriana. Conclusión: La utilización del BMS fue simple y permitió identificar pacientes con bajo riesgo de meningitis bacteriana. Su empleo podría constituir una herramienta útil en la toma de decisiones clínicas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Validation Study , Homeopathic Clinical-Dynamic Prognosis , Meningitis, Bacterial/etiology , Meningitis, Aseptic/etiology , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Diagnosis, Differential , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
La mayoría de las meningitis en la infancia no son bacterianas, pero la dificultad en descartar tal etiología obliga con frecuencia a utilizar antibióticos inicialmente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue validar, en nuestro medio, una regla de predicción clínica para diferenciar la etiología de las meningitis en niños a su ingreso al hospital. Método. Estudio prospectivo que incluyó pacientes menores 19 años de edad con diagnósitco de meningitis. En todos se obtuvo líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) para análisis directo, citoquímico y cultivo, y hemograma. Se calculó el BMS (Bacterial Meningitis Score: puntaje de meningitis basteriana) descripto por Nigrovic (Pediatrics 2002; 110:712): tinción de Gram en LCR positiva = 2 puntos; proteinorraquia mayor o igual 80 mg/dl, neutrófilos en sangre periférica mayor o igual 10000/mn3, neutrofilos en LCR mayor o igual 1000/mm3, convulsiones, un punto cada uno. Se calculó sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valores predictivos positivo y negativo (VPP y VPN) y razones de verosimilitud positiva y negativa (RVP y RVN)del BMS para predecir meningitis bacteriana. Resultados. Se incluyeron 70 pacientes con meningitis (14 bacterianas) veinticinco pacientes presentaron BMS=0 puntos, 11 BMS=1 punto, y 34 BMS mayor o igual 2 puntos. Un BMS=0 evidenció S: 100 por ciento E: 44 por ciento, VPP; 31 por ciento, VPN: 100 por ciento, RVP: 1,81 RVN: 0 para predecir meningitis bacteriana. Un BMS mayor o igual 2 mostró S: 100 por ciento, E: 64 por ciento, VPP: 41 por ciento, VPN: 100 por ciento, RVP: 2,8 RVN: 0 para predecir meningitis bacteriana. Conclusión: La utilización del BMS fue simple y permitió identificar pacientes con bajo riesgo de meningitis bacteriana. Su empleo podría constituir una herramienta útil en la toma de decisiones clínicas.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Homeopathic Clinical-Dynamic Prognosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Meningitis, Aseptic/etiology , Meningitis, Bacterial/etiology , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Validation Study , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Meningitis is the main infectious central nervous system (CNS) syndrome. Viruses or bacteria can cause acute meningitis of infectious etiology. The term "Aseptic Meningitis" denotes a clinical syndrome with a predominance of lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with no common bacterial agents identified in the CSF. Viral meningitis is considered the main cause of lymphocyte meningitis. There are other etiologies of an infectious nature. CSF examination is essential to establish the diagnosis and to identify the etiological agent of lymphocytic meningitis. We examined CSF characteristics and the differential diagnosis of the main types of meningitis.
Subject(s)
Cerebrospinal Fluid , Meningitis, Aseptic/cerebrospinal fluid , Acute Disease , Cerebrospinal Fluid/chemistry , Cerebrospinal Fluid/cytology , Chronic Disease , Humans , Meningitis, Aseptic/diagnosis , Meningitis, Aseptic/etiology , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Wegener's granulomatosis is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis that affects medium size and small vessels. Neurological involvement occurs in 22% to 54% of patients, mainly in the form of mononeuritis multiplex. Central nervous system involvement is reported in only 2% to 8% of the cases. We report a 42-year-old male who presented with headache, diplopia, third and sixth cranial nerve palsies and left eye amaurosis associated to mass located in the Meckel cavum and diffuse meningeal involvement. A biopsy of the mass disclosed a chronic granulomatous necrotizing inflammation with Langhans giant cells. A chest CAT scan showed three cavitated lung nodules and ANCA antibodies were positive in a titer of 1:80. Treatment with steroid and cyclophosphamide was started and cranial nerve palsies resolved and the number and size of lung nodules decreased. The patient was lost from follow up.
Subject(s)
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/complications , Meningitis, Aseptic/etiology , Adult , Cranial Nerve Diseases/etiology , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Meningitis is the main infectious central nervous system (CNS) syndrome. Viruses or bacteria can cause acute meningitis of infectious etiology. The term "Aseptic Meningitis" denotes a clinical syndrome with a predominance of lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with no common bacterial agents identified in the CSF. Viral meningitis is considered the main cause of lymphocyte meningitis. There are other etiologies of an infectious nature. CSF examination is essential to establish the diagnosis and to identify the etiological agent of lymphocytic meningitis. We examined CSF characteristics and the differential diagnosis of the main types of meningitis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Meningitis, Aseptic/cerebrospinal fluid , Acute Disease , Chronic Disease , Cerebrospinal Fluid/chemistry , Cerebrospinal Fluid/cytology , Meningitis, Aseptic/diagnosis , Meningitis, Aseptic/etiology , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Wegener's granulomatosis is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis that affects medium size and small vessels. Neurological involvement occurs in 22 percent to 54 percent of patients, mainly in the form of mononeuritis multiplex. Central nervous system involvement is reported in only 2 percent to 8 percent of the cases. We report a 42-year-old male who presented with headache, diplopia, third and sixth cranial nerve palsies and íeft eye amaurosis associated to mass located in the íeft Meckel cavum and diffuse meningeal involvement. A biopsy of the mass disclosed a chronic granulomatous necrotizing inflammation with Langhans giant cells. A chest CAT scan showed three cavitated lung nodules and ANCA antibodies were positive in a titer of 1:80. Treatment with steroid and cyclophosphamide was started and cranial nerve palsies resolved and the number and size of lung nodules decreased. The patient was lost from follow up.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Meningitis, Aseptic/etiology , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/complications , Cranial Nerve Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
The study by da Cunha et al. published in 2002 reported that MMR vaccine containing L-Zagreb mumps strain manufactured by Serum Institute of India Ltd. caused a high incidence of aseptic meningitis (AM) from routine surveillance during two mass immunization campaigns (MIC) conducted in 1998 in two states in Brazil. Since the results were contrary to those in India, Egypt and Bahamas, a critical analysis of the study was done. Several inconsistencies were found in the study, which undermined the conclusions drawn. Two similar studies from Brazil reported similar results. Review of these studies and those done on the vaccine from Zagreb, Croatia showed that in no study the L-Zagreb mumps virus has been isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of an AM case. Isolation of the vaccine virus is necessary for definite causal association of AM with the vaccine. There is no such evidence to causally link MMR vaccine containing L-Zagreb mumps strain with AM.
Subject(s)
Meningitis, Aseptic/etiology , Mumps Vaccine/adverse effects , Mumps virus/genetics , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Drug Contamination , Humans , Mass Vaccination , Meningitis, Aseptic/diagnosis , Meningitis, Aseptic/virology , Mumps virus/immunology , Population Surveillance , YugoslaviaABSTRACT
Eosinophilic meningitis is a well-known disease in areas where the rat lung worm Angiostrongylus cantonensis is endemic, i.e. in Southeast Asia and in the Caribbean. We report a case of eosinophilic meningitis due to infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis in a traveler returning from Cuba. The diagnosis was based upon symptoms of chronic meningitis associated with hyperesthesia and presence of eosinophilia in the cerebrospinal fluid. With increasing mobility rare infections like eosinophilic meningitis due to A. cantonensis may be encountered in the western hemisphere. A Giemsa stain of the cerebrospinal fluid is crucial for a prompt diagnosis that is confirmed by detection of specific antibodies.
Subject(s)
Angiostrongylus cantonensis/isolation & purification , Eosinophilia/diagnosis , Meningitis, Aseptic/etiology , Strongylida Infections/diagnosis , Travel , Adult , Animals , Blotting, Western , Cuba , Eosinophilia/etiology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Meningitis, Aseptic/diagnosis , Meningitis, Aseptic/therapy , Severity of Illness Index , Strongylida Infections/therapy , SwitzerlandABSTRACT
Recurrent aseptic meningitis (RAM) infrequent in elderly patients and generally secondary to drugs. Its association with rheumatologic diseases is also seldom reported in the elderly. Sjögren Syndrome (SS) sometimes affects the central nervous system, but the association between recurrent meningitis and SS is rare, specially in this age-group. We present an 88 year-old auto-valid patient, with a history of xerostomia, xerophthalmia, Raynaud, dysphagia, and recurrent parotid enlargement. In 2001 she developed a lymphocytic meningitis with a complete remission. A year later, she developed again an aseptic lymphocytic meningitis. We ruled out infectious causes. We found a FAN titer 1/160 with a nucleolar-mottled pattern, positive anti Ro and anti RNP antibodies and a positive lupus anticoagulant. We confirmed the ocular dryness and the lip biopsy was compatible with the diagnosis of SS. She had a good outcome with a complete remission without treatment in 10 days. We believe that this is a case of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) with predominant symptoms of SS, that developed a recurrent meningitis in its pure form. MCTD and SS should be considered in the differential diagnoses of RAM, also in the elderly.
Subject(s)
Meningitis, Aseptic/diagnosis , Mixed Connective Tissue Disease/diagnosis , Sjogren's Syndrome/diagnosis , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Meningitis, Aseptic/etiology , Mixed Connective Tissue Disease/complications , Recurrence , Sjogren's Syndrome/complicationsABSTRACT
La meningitis aséptica recurrente (MAR) en ancianos es rara y generalmente es secundaria a drogas. Su asociación a colagenopatías en ancianos ha sido raramente informada. El Síndrome de Sj÷gren (SS) en ocasiones afecta el sistema nervioso central, pero la MAR asociada a SS es rara en este grupo etario. Se presenta una paciente de 88 años, autoválida, con antecedentes de xerostomía, xeroftalmos, Raynaud, disfagia y agrandamiento parotídeo recurrente autolimitado. En el año 2001 cursó una meningitis linfocítica y evolucionó con recuperación completa. Un año después volvió a presentar una meningitis linfocítica aséptica. Se descartaroncausas infecciosas. Se demostró FAN 1/160 con patrón nucleolar moteado, Ac anti Ro y anti RNP positivosy anticoagulante lúpico positivo. Se confirmó sequedad ocular y la biopsia de labio fue compatible con SS.Evolucionó con resolución completa en 10 días sin tratamiento. Se interpretó como una enfermedad mixta deltejido conectivo (EMTC) con síntomas predominantemente de SS, que cursó una MAR en su forma pura. La EMTC y el SS deberían ser considerados entre los diagnósticos diferenciales de la MAR, inclusive en ancianos. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Meningitis, Aseptic/diagnosis , /diagnosis , Mixed Connective Tissue Disease/diagnosis , Aged, 80 and over , Meningitis, Aseptic/etiology , /complications , Mixed Connective Tissue Disease/complications , Diagnosis, Differential , RecurrenceABSTRACT
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, reconocido patógeno respiratorio, es también responsable de numerosas y variadas manifestaciones extrapulmonares, siendo las neurológicas las más frecuentes. Se presenta el caso de una escolar de 8 años, con un síndrome febril prolongado asociado a infección por M. pneumoniae que se complicó con encefalomielitis diseminada aguda. Se reportan otros seis casos con manifestaciones neurológicas: meningitis aséptica (1), meningoencefalitis (1), síndrome de Guillain Barré (1) y parálisis facial (3). La patogenia de las complicaciones neurológicas asociadas con infección por M. pneumoniae es aún desconocida, planteándose que algunas se deben a invasión directa del SNC y aquellas con pródromo prolongado, como encefalomielitis diseminada aguda, síndrome de Guillain Barré y mielitis transversa, obedecerían probablemente a fenómenos autoinmunes. En nuestro medio, en ausencia de RPC para confirmar el diagnóstico de esta infección, éste se fundamenta en la presencia de anticuerpos IgM o ascenso de IgG específica. La utilidad de los antimicrobianos en el control de estas manifestaciones neurológicas es discutida postulándose el uso de terapia inmunomoduladora.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Encephalomyelitis/diagnosis , Guillain-Barre Syndrome , Mycoplasma Infections , Meningitis, Aseptic/diagnosis , Meningitis, Aseptic/etiology , Meningitis, Aseptic/drug therapy , Meningoencephalitis/diagnosis , Meningoencephalitis/etiology , Meningoencephalitis/drug therapy , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/pathogenicity , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Clarithromycin/therapeutic use , Encephalomyelitis/etiology , Encephalomyelitis/drug therapy , Phenobarbital/therapeutic use , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic useABSTRACT
La meningitis aséptica recurrente (MAR) en ancianos es rara y generalmente es secundaria a drogas. Su asociación a colagenopatías en ancianos ha sido raramente informada. El Síndrome de Sjögren (SS) en ocasiones afecta el sistema nervioso central, pero la MAR asociada a SS es rara en este grupo etario. Se presenta una paciente de 88 años, autoválida, con antecedentes de xerostomía, xeroftalmos, Raynaud, disfagia y agrandamiento parotídeo recurrente autolimitado. En el año 2001 cursó una meningitis linfocítica y evolucionó con recuperación completa. Un año después volvió a presentar una meningitis linfocítica aséptica. Se descartaroncausas infecciosas. Se demostró FAN 1/160 con patrón nucleolar moteado, Ac anti Ro y anti RNP positivosy anticoagulante lúpico positivo. Se confirmó sequedad ocular y la biopsia de labio fue compatible con SS.Evolucionó con resolución completa en 10 días sin tratamiento. Se interpretó como una enfermedad mixta deltejido conectivo (EMTC) con síntomas predominantemente de SS, que cursó una MAR en su forma pura. La EMTC y el SS deberían ser considerados entre los diagnósticos diferenciales de la MAR, inclusive en ancianos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Meningitis, Aseptic/diagnosis , Mixed Connective Tissue Disease/diagnosis , Sjogren's Syndrome/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Meningitis, Aseptic/etiology , Mixed Connective Tissue Disease/complications , Recurrence , Sjogren's Syndrome/complicationsABSTRACT
Una niña de 10 meses fue derivada a la consulta dermatológica por exantema y enantema de 48 horas de evolución. Las vesículas de forma redondeada u ovalada asentaban sobre piel discretamente eritematosa y se extendían a muslos, manos, pies y boca tanto en labios como en lengua. El diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de las lesiones resultó compatible con enfermedad mano-pie-boca y el diagnóstico virológico realizado en cultivo celular permitió identificar al agente etiológico como enterovirus 71 (EV71). Esta etiología ha sido asociada en epidermis de enfermedad mano-pie-boca con elevado compromiso neurológico. Nuestra paciente cursó sin complicaciones (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/etiology , Enterovirus Infections , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/diagnosis , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/pathology , Encephalitis/etiology , Meningitis, Aseptic/etiologyABSTRACT
Una niña de 10 meses fue derivada a la consulta dermatológica por exantema y enantema de 48 horas de evolución. Las vesículas de forma redondeada u ovalada asentaban sobre piel discretamente eritematosa y se extendían a muslos, manos, pies y boca tanto en labios como en lengua. El diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de las lesiones resultó compatible con enfermedad mano-pie-boca y el diagnóstico virológico realizado en cultivo celular permitió identificar al agente etiológico como enterovirus 71 (EV71). Esta etiología ha sido asociada en epidermis de enfermedad mano-pie-boca con elevado compromiso neurológico. Nuestra paciente cursó sin complicaciones