Color variations in PMMA acrylic resins after thermocycling and mouthwash simulation / Variações de cor em resinas acrílicas de PMMA após termociclagem e simulação de enxaguatório bucal

Estabilidade de cor é um requisito estético fundamental das resinas acrílicas provisórias, em especial quando esses materiais são submetidos a longos períodos na cavidade oral. Embora resinas acrílicas temporárias novas e aprimoradas estejam disponíveis, os efeitos da variação térmica e de soluções antissépticas na estabilidade de cor de resinas acrílicas provisórias ainda não foram completamente elucidados. Portanto, este estudo avaliou a coloração de resinas autopolimerizáveis polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) e bis-acrilo submetidas à termociclagem e imersão em clorexidina. Amostras padronizadas (n=10) foram preparadas de duas resinas acrílicas temporárias a base de PMMA (Alike® e Duralay®). Foram realizadas três avaliações de cor (T1 ­ 24h após o preparo da amostra, T2 ­ após termociclagem e T3 ­ após termociclagem e imersão em clorexidina) por meio de espectrofotômetro eletrônico de seleção de sombra (Vita Easy Shade). Os dados obtidos foram analisados por ANOVA e teste t (α=0,05). As resinas de PMMA Alike e Duralay apresentaram alteração de cor após a termociclagem e também após a imersão em clorexidina.

Color stability is a fundamental aesthetic requirement for temporary acrylic resins, especially when these materials are subjected to long periods in the oral cavity. Although new and improved temporary acrylic resins are available, the effects of thermal variation and antiseptic solutions on the color stability of temporary acrylic resins have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study evaluated the color of self-polymerizing resins polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and bis-acryl subjected to thermocycling and immersion in chlorhexidine. Standardized samples (n=10) were prepared from two PMMA-based temporary acrylic resins (Alike® and Duralay®). Three color evaluations were carried out (T1 ­ 24h after sample preparation, T2 ­ after thermocycling and T3 ­ after thermocycling and immersion in chlorhexidine) using an electronic shade selection spectrophotometer (Vita Easy Shade). The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and t test (α=0.05). PMMA Alike and Duralay resins showed color changes after thermocycling and also after immersion in chlorhexidine.

Effectiveness of Oral Rinse as an Adjunct to Toothbrushing: A 6-Week Clinical Trial Management of Plaque and Gingivitis With Daily Oral Rinsing.

A common condition found in many patients, gingival inflammation results from irritation from dental plaque and the bacteria contained in plaque. Although effective management of dental plaque and the resulting gingivitis through daily homecare continues to be heavily emphasized, the high prevalence of oral diseases globally suggests that most individuals do not achieve sufficient plaque removal with their manual toothbrushing routine. To help enhance a patient's homecare regimen, daily oral rinsing has been shown to improve oral hygiene. The simple use of mouthwash after toothbrushing optimizes plaque removal while leading to an improvement in gingival health. This article reviews a single-center, randomized, controlled, single-blind, 6-week study designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a professional chlorhexidine alternative oral care mouthrinse as an adjunct to toothbrushing with sodium fluoride toothpaste with regard to plaque removal and gingivitis reduction.

Tinidazole mouth rinse for the treatment of oral lichen planus: an observational pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Given the limited treatment options available for oral lichen planus (OLP), a study was undertaken to obtain preliminary information on the therapeutic efficacy of tinidazole mouth rinse in patients with OLP. METHODS: A prospective, open-label pilot study was conducted to assess the efficacy of thrice-daily tinidazole mouth rinse for one week in OLP patients (n = 27). Reticulation/erythema/ulceration (REU) scores and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were used to measure lesions at baseline and after one week of treatment. Mucosal samples were collected, and the abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum was quantified using RT-PCR. Statistical analysis using t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test and Pearson correlation test. RESULTS: After treatment, VAS scores significantly decreased in both reticular (P = 0.03) and erosive OLP patients (P = 0.003). However, REU scores significantly decreased only in erosive OLP patients (P = 0.002). The relative abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum on the damaged mucosa surface significantly decreased in all OLP patients (P = 0.01). In erosive OLP patients, the triamcinolone group showed a significantly greater improvement in VAS scores compared to the tinidazole group (P = 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant correlation between the relative abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum and REU scores in OLP patients (r = 0.0754, P = 0.61). CONCLUSION: Tinidazole mouth rinse showed potential in reducing disease severity in OLP patients and was well-tolerated, suggesting its viability as a local therapeutic option. However, randomized controlled studies are warranted to confirm these preliminary findings.

Comparative anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis efficiency of Triphala versus chlorhexidine mouthwashes in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this systematic review is to comparatively evaluate the Triphala and chlorhexidine mouthwashes efficacies in decreasing plaque formation and gingivitis in children. With a priori-set inclusion and exclusion criteria's and relevant MeSH terms, the PubMed, Cochrane and Ovid SP were scrutinized from the year 1980 to April 2023 for prospective articles. Outcomes evaluated were plaque formation and gingivitis through Plaque index and Gingival index. Five studies were finally included and were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Meta-analysis, was performed using a random effects model. Plaque index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI). There was no significant difference between reduction in the gingivitis and plaque accumulation between Triphala and chlorhexidine mouthwash groups in children (p value 0.83, 0.96).

New Insights Regarding the Use of Relevant Synthetic Compounds in Dentistry.

Worldwide, synthetic compounds are used for both in-office and at-home dental care. They are a valuable resource for both prophylactic and curative treatments for various dental problems, such as tooth decay, periodontal diseases, and many more. They are typically preferred due to their broad range of actions and ability to produce targeted, rapid, and long-lasting effects. Using a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash is capable of reducing the plaque index from 47.69% to 2.37% and the bleeding index from 32.93% to 6.28% after just 2 weeks. Mouthwash with 0.1% OCT is also highly effective, as it significantly lowered the median plaque index and salivary bacterial counts in 152 patients in 5 days compared to a control group (p < 0.0001), while also reducing the gingival index (p < 0.001). When povidone-iodine was used as an irrigant during the surgical removal of mandibular third molars in 105 patients, it resulted in notably lower pain scores after 2 days compared to a control group (4.57 ± 0.60 vs. 5.71 ± 0.45). Sodium hypochlorite is excellent for root canal disinfection, as irrigating with 1% NaOCl completely eliminated the bacteria from canals in 65% patients. A 0.05% CPC mouthwash proved effective for perioperative patient care, significantly decreasing gingival bleeding (p < 0.001) and suppressing Streptococcus levels even one week post-surgery. Lastly, a 6% H2O2 paint-on varnish and 6% H2O2 tray formulations successfully bleached the teeth of 40 patients, maintaining a noticeably whiter appearance up to the 6-month follow-up, with significant color differences from the baseline (p < 0.005). Synthetic compounds have a large research base, which also provides a greater awareness of their mechanism of action and potential adverse effects. For a better understanding of how they work, several methods and assays are performed. These are protocolary techniques through which a compound's efficacy and toxicity are established.

A randomised clinical trial to arrest caries using silver diamine fluoride therapy with two postoperative instructions.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate the beneficial effect of not rinsing for 30 min in arresting early childhood caries after SDF therapy. METHODS: This randomised clinical trial recruited 3- to 4-year-old kindergarten children with active (soft) dentine caries. A questionnaire was sent to the parents to collect children's demographic data and oral health-related behaviours. A dentist conducted an oral examination and measured the caries experience using dmft index and oral hygiene using visible plaque index. After 38 % SDF therapy, the children were randomly allocated into two groups. Children in group A were instructed to rinse with water immediately, whereas children in group B were asked to refrain from rinsing, drinking, or eating for 30 min. After six months, the same examiner determined the lesion activity (active/arrest) of the SDF-treated carious tooth surface. Generalized Estimating Equations was used to compare the proportion of caries arrest (caries-arrest rate) between the two groups. RESULTS: This study recruited 298 children with 1,158 decayed tooth surfaces receiving SDF therapy at baseline and evaluated 275 (92 %) children with 1,069 (92 %) SDF-treated tooth-surface at the six-month examination. The demographic background, oral hygiene and caries status of two groups were comparable at baseline (p > 0.05). The caries-arrest rate for group A and group B were 65 % (337/519) and 61 % (338/550), respectively (p = 0.28). CONCLUSION: This randomised clinical trial found not rinsing for 30 min after SDF therapy is not better than immediate rinsing in arresting early childhood caries. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Topical SDF application leaves an unpleasant taste in the mouth, which may affect the acceptance or even rejection of SDF therapy among young children. This study provides clinicians with information to make their decision on postoperative instruction after SDF therapy.

In vitro assessment of NaF/Chit supramolecular complex: Colloidal stability, antibacterial activity and enamel protection against S. mutans biofilm.

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the effect of NaF/Chit suspensions on enamel and on S. mutans biofilm, simulating application of a mouthrinse. METHODS: The NaF/Chit particle suspensions were prepared at molar ratio [NaF]/Chitmon]≈0.68 at nominal concentrations of 0.2 % and 0.05 % NaF and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering and zeta potential. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were measured. The S. mutans biofilm was formed for 7 days on eighty human enamel blocks that were divided into eight groups (n = 10/group): i) 0.05 % NaF solution; ii) 0.31 % Chit solution; iii) NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspension at 0.05 % NaF; iv) 1.0 % HAc solution (Control); v) 0.2 % NaF solution; vi) 1.25 % Chit solution; vii) NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspension at 0.2 % NaF; viii) 0.12 % chlorhexidine digluconate. The substances were applied daily for 90 s. S. mutans cell counts (CFU/mL) were performed, and the Knoop microhardness (KHN) of enamel samples were measured before and after biofilm formation. The KHN and CFU/mL data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Interactions between NaF and Chit were evidenced in solid state by FTIR spectra. The NaF/Chit complexes showed spontaneous microparticle formation and colloidal stability. The MIC and MBC ranged from 0.65 to 1.31 mg/mL. The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspension at 0.2 %NaF Group showed lower CFU/mL values than other groups. The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspensions Groups had the highest KHN values after biofilm formation. CONCLUSIONS: The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) complexes exhibited an antibacterial effect against S. mutans biofilm and reduced the enamel hardness loss. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspensions showed potential to be used as a mouthrinse for caries prevention.

Reduced staining from a chlorhexidine mouthwash: A randomized clinical trial.

PURPOSE: To investigate the stain preventing ability of a new chlorhexidine mouthwash while maintaining efficacy using a randomized clinical trial design. METHODS: 98 subjects were enrolled and completed a 4-week clinical study that evaluated the effectiveness of the new mouthwash on plaque, gingivitis, and staining as compared to a commercially available chlorhexidine mouthwash. A subset of 62 subjects was evaluated for the effectiveness of the mouthwashes against plaque bacteria. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of use, the new chlorhexidine mouthwash reduced staining by 42.6% (P< 0.05) as compared to the commercially available mouthwash. The two mouthwashes were equivalent with regards to their effect on gingivitis, plaque, and plaque bacteria. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A new mouthwash, containing 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, has been developed that delivers stain reduction while maintaining equivalent efficacy to a commercially available chlorhexidine mouthwash with regards to gingivitis, plaque, and plaque bacteria. These findings should be considered by dental practitioners when making recommendations to patients whose teeth stain easily and need an anti-gingivitis and anti-plaque mouthwash.

Effect of hydrogen peroxide versus charcoal-based whitening mouthwashes on color, surface roughness, and color stability of enamel.

BACKGROUND: Patients tend to favor the whitening mouthwashes as they are easily applied and affordable. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide versus charcoal-based whitening mouthwashes on color, surface roughness, and color stability of enamel. In the current study, the whitening mouthwashes used have the ability to stop future stains due to their white seal technology. METHODS: A total of 21 permanent central incisor teeth extracted for periodontal reasons were used in the present study. Teeth roots were sectioned and crowns were mounted in self-cured acrylic resin blocks. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n = 7) according to the tested whitening mouthwash: Control group ? DW" (Distilled water), ?OW" group: Peroxide-based mouthwash (Colgate Optic White) and ?CP" group: Charcoal-based mouthwash (Colgate® Plax Charcoal). Regarding ?OW" and ?CP" groups, the specimens were immersed in 20 ml of the tested mouthwash in each corresponding group for 1 min twice daily (morning and evening) for a total of 12 uninterrupted weeks. Color change was assessed using VITA Easyshade spectrophotometer and surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a white light interferometer. The specimens were stained using black tea solution and color was measured after 24 h of immersion for assessment of color stability. RESULTS: Color change results revealed that both whitening mouthwashes were able to restore color comparable to the control group with no significant difference between them. Regarding surface roughness, the control group showed the highest mean Ra value, followed by ?OW" group while ?CP" group showed the lowest mean Ra value. While color stability after staining, the control group showed a significantly higher value than the ?CP" and ?OW" groups. CONCLUSION: Hydrogen peroxide and charcoal-based whitening mouthwashes improve the color of enamel with no adverse effect on the surface roughness. Both whitening mouthwashes were beneficial to maintain the color after staining and prevent future enamel stains.

Effect of mouthwashes on the color stability of a nanohybrid composite resin.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different mouthwash solutions on the color stability of a nanohybrid composite resin. Forty discs of Luna nanohybrid composite resin were prepared and randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups (n = 10), determined by the type of immersion solution: distilled water (DW); Oral-B Pro-Health mouthwash (OBPH); Listerine Total Care mouthwash (LTC); or Colgate Plax Infinity mouthwash (CPI). The discs were immersed in solution for 30 minutes a day and stored at 37°C for 24 hours. Digital photographs of each specimen were taken at each timepoint and transferred to a computer program for color analysis. The International Commission on Illumination L*a*b* system was used to analyze the color of the specimens at baseline and the overall color change (ΔE*) at baseline, 30 days, 60 days, and 90 days. Two-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the influence of solution and time on ΔE* values (α = 0.05). The t test was used as a post hoc test to compare the mean values between groups (α = 0.05). After 30 days, all groups showed small color change values compared with baseline (ΔE*1 < 1.0). However, after 60 days, the LTC and CPI groups showed greater color change (ΔE*2) than the other groups, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After 90 days, all groups differed significantly compared with the control group (P < 0.05), and all mouthwash groups presented color change values that are considered clinically unacceptable (ΔE*3 > 3.0). The results of this in vitro study indicate that mouthwash solutions do not cause significant color changes in nanohybrid composite resin for a period of up to 30 days; however, longer periods (90 days) of exposure could make the restorative material esthetically unacceptable.

Associations between antibacterial mouthwash use with sexual behaviours and sexually transmitted infections among Chinese men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study.

Background Mouthwash is a commonly used product with the potential to prevent STIs. This study aimed to determine the association between mouthwash use frequency with sexual behaviours and STIs among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among MSM in Xi'an, China, from January to September 2022. Participants were categorised into non-mouthwash users, occasional (used it less than once every week) and frequent (used it more than once every week) mouthwash users. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify the association between mouthwash use frequency with sexual behaviours. Results Of 838 MSM included in the analysis, 621 (74.11%) reported never using mouthwash, whereas 47 (5.60%) used it occasionally and 170 (20.29%) used it frequently. Frequent mouthwash users had a lower prevalence of chlamydia compared with occasional users (8.33% vs 23.93%, P Conclusion MSM with more sexual partners or lower condom use frequency were more likely to be frequent mouthwash users. However, frequent mouthwash users had a lower chlamydia prevalence.

Antibacterial Efficacy of Hiora: An Ayurvedic Mouthwash in Children.

BACKGROUND: Mouthwashes, as a form of antimicrobial delivery system, rank among the safest and most effective vehicles, particularly in the case of young children. This is attributed to their ability to distribute therapeutic components across all accessible oral surfaces, including interproximal areas. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of recently introduced Ayurvedic (Hiora) and triclosan-based mouthwashes among children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 45 healthy children aged 10-15 years were randomly assigned to three groups: Herbal mouthwash (Hiora), triclosan-based mouthwash (Kidodent), and normal saline as the control group. Saliva samples were collected pre-rinse, 2 minutes, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes post-rinsing with the study mouthwashes. These samples were then inoculated onto Petri dishes containing blood agar culture media, followed by incubation under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions at 37°C for 48 hours. The resulting bacterial colonies of Streptococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were counted (CFU/ml x 105). Statistical analysis, including ANOVA, Newman Keul's Post-hoc test, and a two-tailed 't' test, was conducted to determine the significance of the results. RESULTS: The Ayurvedic Hiora mouthwash demonstrated the most substantial reduction in salivary bacterial colony counts of Streptococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. with statistically significant results (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The Ayurvedic Hiora mouthwash exhibited the highest antibacterial effectiveness, followed by the triclosan-based mouthwash in decreasing order, with saline showing the least efficacy.

Effect of hydrogen peroxide and hyaluronic acid in mouth rinse after third molar extraction: a triple-blind parallel randomized controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the potential beneficial role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hyaluronic acid (HA) combination formulation in socket healing after third molar surgery. Biomaterials, including mouthwash formulations, were hypothesized to contribute to improved socket healing and reduced post-operative complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A triple-blinded parallel randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at a single-center dental hospital in Milan, Italy. The trial included 114 patients who underwent extraction of impacted, partially erupted, and completely erupted third molars. Patients were randomly assigned to three parallel groups: Group 1 (H2O2 and HA), Group 2 (placebo), and Group 3 (0.2% chlorhexidine). The trial was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (registration number NCT04438434). The main outcome measures included various parameters related to socket healing, such as pain, inflammation, swelling, plaque index, bleeding index, granulation tissue, suppuration, re-epithelialization, bleeding upon palpation, odor, and taste alteration. Patients were followed up for 7 days. RESULTS: All 114 enrolled patients completed the study, with no dropouts or loss to follow-up. The mean age of patients in the three groups differed (H2O2 and HA: 30.9±14.9; placebo: 27.6±13.1; 0.2% chlorhexidine: 23.05±10.16). Significant reductions (p<0.001) in visual analog scale (VAS) pain levels and other outcome measures were observed in the H2O2 and HA group compared to the placebo group. These findings suggest a positive effect of the H2O2 and HA combination on socket healing after the third molar surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that the combination of hydrogen peroxide and hyaluronic acid can be considered a potential mouthwash with beneficial effects on socket healing following third molar surgery. However, additional clinical trials are recommended to validate its effectiveness further and provide additional evidence supporting its use in clinical settings. CLINICALTRIAL: gov: NCT04438434.

Impact of various solutions on the oral health status of critically ill patients.

Oral care is a crucial challenge of nursing care in orally intubated patients. Oropharyngeal colonization with microorganisms is probably the first step in the pathogenesis of most bacterial pulmonary infections. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different oral care solutions on the oral health status of critically ill patients. We conducted a quasi-experimental study involving a convenience sample of 60 adult orally intubated patients, distributed equally into three groups: 20 patients received 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) solution as an oral rinse; 20 patients received 0.1% hexetidine (HEX) solution as an oral rinse; and a control group of 20 patients received routine hospital oral care with 0.9% normal saline (NS) solution. Oropharyngeal and tracheal cultures were obtained from patients within 24-48 h of admission, before the administration of topical oral antimicrobial solutions and then repeated on day 4 and day 7 after the oral solutions. The study revealed that CHX has a more powerful effect than HEX and NS in improving the oral mucosa and decreasing colonization of both the oropharynx and trachea. On day 7, the improvements were statistically significant in the CHX group and the HEX group (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively), but not in the NS group. This research confirms the effect of CHX and HEX in lowering the risk of tracheal and oropharyngeal colonization, and recommends the use of a CHX solution as oral mouth care in critically ill patients.

Soluble CD44 in oral rinses for the early detection of cancer: a prospective cohort study in high-risk individuals.

BACKGROUND: There are 54,000 new cases of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer in the United States and more than 476,000 worldwide each year. Oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma make up most tumors with five-year survival rates of 50% due to prevalence of late-stage diagnoses. Improved methods of early detection in high-risk individuals are urgently needed. We aimed to assess the tumorigenic biomarkers soluble CD44 (solCD44) and total protein (TP) measured using oral rinses as affordable convenient screening tools for cancer detection. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, we recruited 150 healthy current or former smokers through a community screening program. Baseline and four annual visits were conducted from March 2011-January 2016 with records followed until August 2020. Participants provided oral rinses, received head and neck exams, and completed questionnaires. SolCD44 and TP levels were measured and compared across groups and time. Participants were placed in the cancer group if malignancy developed in the study period, the suspicious group if physical exams were concerning for premalignant disease or cancer in the head and neck, and the healthy group if there were no suspicious findings. This analysis used two-sample t-test for comparison of means and two-sample Wilcoxon Test for comparison of medians. For subjects with follow-ups, estimated means of biomarkers were obtained from a fitted Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (RANOVA) model including group, visit, and their interaction. Pairwise comparisons of mean solCD44 were made, including intergroup and intragroup comparison of values at different years. RESULTS: Most participants were males (58.7%), < 60 years of age. (90.7%), and Black (100%). Baseline mean solCD44 was elevated (2.781 ng/ml) in the cancer group compared to the suspicious group (1.849 ng/ml) and healthy group (1.779 ng/ml). CONCLUSION: This study supports the feasibility of a CD44-based oral rinse test as an affordable and convenient adjunctive tool for early detection of aerodigestive tract and other cancers in high-risk populations.

Oral Hygiene With Neutral Electrolyzed Water and Systemic Therapy Increases Gastric Helicobacter pylori Eradication and Reduces Recurrence.

OBJECTIVES: Helicobacter pylori gastric infection strongly correlates with gastric diseases such as chronic gastritis, functional dyspepsia, and complications such as peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. In developing countries, systemic therapies are not usually successful due to elevated antibiotic resistance. Additionally, oral H. pylori infection and periodontal disease correlate with gastric treatment failures. This study aimed to explore the effect of an integral therapy, comprising oral hygiene and concomitant systemic treatment, to increase the eradication of gastric infection and recurrences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized, four-arm, parallel-group, open-label clinical trial was conducted to investigate the efficacy of integral therapy to eradicate gastric H. pylori infection and avoid recurrences in double-positive (real-time PCR oral and gastric infection) patients. Oral hygiene involved mouthwash with neutral electrolyzed water (NEW), with or without periodontal treatment. One hundred patients were equally distributed into four groups: NS, NS-PT, NEW, and NEW-PT. All patients had concomitant systemic therapy and additionally, the following oral treatments: mouthwash with normal saline (NS), periodontal treatment and mouthwash with normal saline (NS-PT), mouthwash with NEW (NEW), and periodontal treatment and mouthwash with NEW (NEW-PT). Gastric and oral infection and symptoms were evaluated one and four months after treatments. RESULTS: Integral therapy with NEW-PT increased gastric eradication rates compared with NS or NS-PT (84%-96% vs. 20%-56%; p < 0.001). Even more, a protective effect of 81.2% (RR = 0.1877; 95% CI: 0.0658-0.5355; p = 0.0018) against recurrences and 76.6% (RR = 0.2439; 95% CI: 0.1380-0.4310; p < 0.001) against treatment failure (eradication of infection and associated symptoms) was observed in patients from the NEW and NEW-PT groups. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of oral hygiene and systemic treatment can increase the eradication of gastric infection, associated symptoms, and recurrences. NEW is recommended as an antiseptic mouthwash due to its efficacy and short- and long-term safety.

Effectiveness of herbal oral care products in reducing dental plaque and gingivitis: an overview of systematic reviews.

Introduction: Numerous clinical trials and systematic reviews have investigated the effectiveness of both herbal and conventional oral care approaches to reducing plaque and gingivitis. However, their findings vary and are inconsistent. Thus, the objective of this umbrella review is to compile data from systematic reviews and provide an overview of the effects of herbal oral care products on tooth plaque and gingivitis. Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was performed in 6 databases for systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses, published up to 30 May 2023, without any language restrictions. Only clinical trials comparing herbal oral care products (in the form of mouthrinse or toothpaste) against standard oral care products or placebo were considered. Results: Some herbal oral care products, particularly in the form of mouthrinses, have a similar level of positive effect on plaque and gingivitis reduction and, thus, can be used as an adjunct to traditional dentifrices. However, the shorter duration of trials (<4 weeks) and reported publication bias in the clinical trials mean that these findings must be interpreted with caution. Conclusion: To accurately determine the impact of various herbal extracts on periodontal health, well-designed, long-term, and controlled trials that adhere to standardized protocols must be carried out.

Introduction: On a étudié l'efficacité d'approches de soins buccodentaires classiques et à base de plantes pour lutter contre la plaque dentaire et la gingivite dans le cadre de nombreux essais cliniques et revues systématiques. Toutefois, leurs conclusions ont été variables et incohérentes. Cette revue générale vise donc à compiler des données issues de revues systématiques et de présenter un aperçu des effets des produits de soins buccodentaires à base de plantes sur la plaque dentaire et la gingivite. Méthodes: On a procédé à une recherche documentaire exhaustive dans 6 bases de données pour effectuer des revues systématiques, avec ou sans méta-analyses, sans aucune restriction relative à la langue de l'étude, publiées avant le 30 mai 2023. Seuls des essais cliniques comparant des produits de soins buccodentaires à base de plantes (sous forme de rincebouche ou de dentifrice) à des produits de soins buccodentaires classiques ou à des placebos ont été envisagés. Résultats: Quelques produits de soins buccodentaires à base de plantes, en particulier les rince-bouches de ce type, ont des effets positifs comparables en matière de réduction de la plaque et de la gingivite et peuvent donc être utilisés en complément des dentifrices ordinaires. Toutefois, ces résultats doivent être interprétés avec prudence du fait de la durée relativement courte des essais (moins de 4 semaines) et du biais de publication signalé dans les essais cliniques. Conclusion: Pour déterminer avec précision les effets de divers extraits de plantes sur la santé parodontale, il est nécessaire d'avoir recours à des essais bien conçus, à long terme et contrôlés, qui respectent des protocoles normalisés.

Antibacterial and oral tissue effectiveness of a mouthwash with a novel active system of amine + zinc lactate + fluoride.

OBJECTIVES: Reflecting the need for an effective support for the daily oral hygiene routine of patients experiencing (symptoms of) gum inflammation, a new mouthwash has been developed containing an amine + zinc lactate + fluoride system. The in vitro efficacy of this product was assessed using traditional laboratory methods, as well as novel experimentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This mouthwash has been evaluated in a series of laboratory tests including two short interval kill tests (SIKTs), a 12-h (longer term) biofilm regrowth assay, a plaque glycolysis assay, and an aerobic, repeated exposure biofilm model, as well as tests for soft tissue uptake and LPS neutralization. RESULTS: Several laboratory studies demonstrate that a mouthwash containing an amine + zinc lactate + fluoride system provides short-term and long-term antibacterial activity. While the immediate efficacy of this formula has been shown to be driven by the presence of the amine, zinc lactate provides a long-term antibacterial effect, as well as is able to inhibit bacterial metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: This research provides the basis for understanding the mode of action of this new mouthwash formulation and explains the previously observed clinical efficacy of this formula against plaque and gingivitis.

Effect of Using Mouthwash Containing Cibotium barometz J. Smith on Cariogenic Bacteria and Acid-producing Ability of Saliva: A Randomised Blinded Clinical Trial.

PURPOSE: To examine the anti-caries effect of mouthwashes containing Cibotium barometz J. Smith (CB), a natural substance, and compare it with chlorhexidine and saline solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomised, blinded clinical trial was conducted on 76 study participants. The differences between the 3 gargle groups (saline gargle: SAL; chlorhexidine gargle: CHX; CB gargle group: CB) and the differences over time (baseline, after 1 week, after 2 weeks) were compared. To this end, ANOVA was performed on caries-related clinical indicators (e.g. O'Leary plaque index, caries activity, and satisfaction). RESULTS: The O'Leary index, caries activity, and saliva tests, gradually improved in group CB at one and two weeks. In the case of bacterial tests, unlike SAL and CHX, only in group CB did the decrease occur one and two weeks later. The caries-related indicators decreased significantly over time in group CB compared to SAL and CHX groups, and there was also a statistically significant difference in interaction between groups and time (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The mouthwash containing CB extract showed statistically significant improvement in biofilm adhesion as well as the saliva and bacterial tests compared to SAL and CHX. However, since there were differences in the initial oral conditions of the three groups, additional long-term research is needed through crossover clinical trials to supplement these.