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1.
J Antimicrob Chemother ; 65(12): 2574-81, 2010 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20926395

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly important as opportunistic infections after major and minor surgical procedures, likely because they are ubiquitous and not effectively killed by many commonly used disinfectants. Outbreaks of soft tissue infections with NTM appeared related to the use of commercial disinfectants based on quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). METHODS: We studied the survival of clinical and environmental isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium massiliense, Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium fortuitum after 20 min, 60 min or 24 h exposures to different QACs, and the surviving bacteria were then re-exposed to QACs to see if the percentage of surviving bacteria had increased. The bacteria were labelled with a dnaA-gfp fusion and their level of QAC resistance monitored as increasing fluorescence. The QAC-resistant bacteria were then serially restreaked onto non-selective medium and retested for QAC survival. RESULTS: The frequency of survivors was <1 in 10(5) bacteria with Mycobacterium smegmatis, but >1 in 100 with the other mycobacteria studied. Different environmental and clinical isolates had similar QAC MICs, but QAC survivors of each strain were resistant. The QAC-surviving strains reverted to the original, non-resistant phenotype after several passages on non-selective medium. CONCLUSIONS: QACs should not be used in settings where even minimally invasive procedures are performed, as they select for a non-genetically determined reversible resistant phenotype that appears at high frequency with several rapidly growing mycobacterial species associated with healthcare-related infections. M. smegmatis behaves differently and is not an adequate model for testing the activity of disinfectants against NTM.


Subject(s)
Cross Infection/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Disinfectants/pharmacology , Mycobacterium/drug effects , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/pharmacology , Soft Tissue Infections/epidemiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Mycobacterium/classification , Mycobacterium/growth & development , Mycobacterium/isolation & purification , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/epidemiology , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology , Mycobacterium chelonae/drug effects , Mycobacterium chelonae/growth & development , Mycobacterium fortuitum/drug effects , Mycobacterium fortuitum/growth & development , Soft Tissue Infections/microbiology
2.
São Paulo; s.n; 2008. 86 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-500933

ABSTRACT

Os complexos Mycobacterium chelonae – M. abscessus e Mycobacterium fortuitum – M. peregrinum são compostos por espécies bacterianas de crescimento rápido e potencialmente patogênicas. Sua distribuição é ubíqua no ambiente, são resistentes a cloração da água e a sua replicação ocorre mesmo em condições de escassez de nutrientes. Estão envolvidos em casos de infecção pulmonar e extrapulmonar, e causam infecções em pacientes imunocomprometidos e submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos invasivos. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram: confirmar através de testes fenotípicos e com as técnicas de PRA hsp65 e sequenciamento do fragmento do rpoB, a identificação de micobactérias de crescimento rápido, incluídas dos complexos M. chelonae-M.abcessus e M. fortuitum-M.peregrinum. Foram incluídos no estudo os isolados provenientes de pacientes com dois ou mais isolamentos provenientes de sítio não estéril ou um isolamento de sítio estéril. O estudo de 38isolados demonstrou que as provas fenotípicas disponíveis atualmente não permitem a identificação de todas as espécies de micobactérias de crescimento rápido já descritas na literatura. O PRA hsp65 possibilitou a identificação rápida e precisa de 63 por cento das espécies de micobactérias e demonstrou um perfil compartilhado pelas espécies M. abcessus 2; M. bolletti 1 e M. massiliense 1. O sequenciamento do gene rpoB confirmou a identificação das espécies citadas. Nossos resultados demonstram que o PRA-hsp65 e o sequenciamento do gene rpoB são ferramentas úteis para fornecer a identificação das espécies de micobactérias com mais acurácia. O uso dessas técnicas poderiam ser consideradas em laboratório de referência para identificar Micobactérias de crescimento rápido uma vez que elas são patógenos emergentes implicados em surtos e isolados de pacientes em centros de referência para tratamento de tuberculose multirresistente.


Subject(s)
Mycobacterium/growth & development , Mycobacterium/genetics , Mycobacterium Infections/genetics , Mycobacterium chelonae/growth & development , Mycobacterium chelonae/genetics , Mycobacterium fortuitum/growth & development , Mycobacterium fortuitum/genetics
3.
Acta méd. colomb ; 17(2): 72-6, mar.-abr. 1992. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-183221

ABSTRACT

Se estudiaron trece pacientes sometidos a hiposensibilización, quienes presentaron abcesos subcutáneos después de la inyección aeroalergenos (A.E.A). El examen microbiológico del material obtenido permitió identificar Mycobacterium chelonae subespecies abscessus, en 11 de ellos: A estas cepas se le practicaron pruebas de sensibilidad a diferentes drogas. La evolución de los pacientes dependió del tamaño, tipo y número de lesiones, además del tipo de tratamiento empleado. No se presentaron manifestaciones sistémicas en ningún paciente. M. chelonae puede ser introducido iatrogénicamente a las personas que se someten a cualquier tipo de procedimiento invasivo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Allergens , Desensitization, Immunologic/adverse effects , Desensitization, Immunologic/instrumentation , Mycobacterium chelonae/classification , Mycobacterium chelonae/growth & development , Mycobacterium chelonae/immunology , Mycobacterium chelonae/isolation & purification , Mycobacterium chelonae/pathogenicity , Mycobacterium chelonae/physiology
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