ABSTRACT
Pier Antonio Micheli nació en Florencia, Italia, en el año 1697. Fue un destacado científico, botánico y se le considera el padre de la micología. Dedicó su vida a la taxonomía y al estudio de especies no conocidas de plantas, hongos y líquenes. En 1729 publicó el libro Nova Plantarum Genera, donde describió 1900 plantas, entre las que se encontraban 900 hongos y líquenes. Aquí describió especies de hongos como Botrytis, Mucor y Aspergillus, las cuales tienen importancia en patología médica, animal y vegetal hasta el día de hoy. Murió el 1 de enero de 1737, en su natal Florencia, de una enfermedad pulmonar cuya causa no está bien clara. El legado de Micheli sigue presente y constituye un ejemplo para todos aquellos que se dedican al difícil arte de la taxonomía en sus distintas áreas y en especial a la micología
Pier Antonio Micheli was born in Florence, Italy, in 1697. He was a prominent scientist, botanist and is considered the father of mycology. He dedicated his life to taxonomy and the study of unknown species of plants, fungi, and lichens. In 1729 he published the book Nova Plantarum Genera, where he described 1900 plants, including 900 fungi and lichens. There he described fangal species such as Botrytis, Mucor and Aspergillus, wich are of importance in medical, animal, and plant pathology to this day. He died on January 1, 1737, in his native Florence, due to a lung disease whose cause is unclear. Micheli's legacy is still present, constituting an example for all those who are dedicated to the difficult art of taxonomy in its different areas, especially to mycology.
Subject(s)
History, 18th Century , Aspergillus/classification , Mycology/history , ItalyABSTRACT
Brazilian medical mycology considerably expanded in the last decades due to the efforts of several pioneers who started and expanded mycology during the twentieth century. In this manuscript, we highlight some of the contributions of one of these pioneers: Professor Luiz R. Travassos, who started his career in the field of microbiology in the 1960s. We will discuss his contributions to the areas of medical mycology and glycobiology, with a focus on glycosphingolipids, sialic acids, and surface enzymes.
Subject(s)
Mycology , Mycology/history , BrazilABSTRACT
La mayoría de las mujeres que realizan ciencia en Chile y en otros países, son mujeres invisibles para la sociedad. Muchas mujeres que realizaron grandes esfuerzos para estudiar una carrera científica a la que dedicaron toda su vida, son olvidadas al momento de su retiro o de su muerte. Esto incluye a micólogas que vivieron o estuvieron de paso en nuestro país en el siglo XX y que realizaron grandes aportes al conocimiento de esta disciplina, comúnmente conocida como el estudio de los hongos y de especies afines. En esta revisión bibliográfica, se dan a conocer algunos nombres de las micólogas o de científicas que contribuyeron de manera significativa al desarrollo de la Micología Chilena durante el siglo XX, época donde en nuestro país la Micología era más desarrollada por hombres que por mujeres. Gran parte de las micólogas que mencionamos han fallecido, pero no por ello debemos olvidar quiénes fueron, al contrario, es importante conocer su historia que podría ser inspiradora para las próximas generaciones de mujeres micólogas en nuestro país. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Women/history , Mycology/history , ChileSubject(s)
Faculty/history , Mycology/history , Research Personnel/history , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , India , MaleABSTRACT
A survey of mycology laboratories for antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) was undertaken in France in 2018, to better understand the difference in practices between the participating centers and to identify the difficulties they may encounter as well as eventual gaps with published standards and guidelines. The survey captured information from 45 mycology laboratories in France on how they perform AFST (number of strains tested, preferred method, technical and quality aspects, interpretation of the MIC values, reading and interpretation difficulties). Results indicated that 86% of respondents used Etest as AFST method, with a combination of one to seven antifungal agents tested. Most of the participating laboratories used similar technical parameters to perform their AFST method and a large majority used, as recommended, internal and external quality assessments. Almost all the participating mycology laboratories (98%) reported difficulties to interpret the MIC values, especially when no clinical breakpoints are available. The survey highlighted that the current AFST practices in France need homogenization, particularly for MIC reading and interpretation.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Laboratories , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Mycology , Professional Practice/statistics & numerical data , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests/methods , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests/standards , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests/statistics & numerical data , Drug Resistance, Fungal , France , History, 21st Century , Humans , Laboratories/standards , Laboratories/statistics & numerical data , Laboratory Proficiency Testing/methods , Laboratory Proficiency Testing/statistics & numerical data , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/standards , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/statistics & numerical data , Mycology/history , Mycology/methods , Mycology/standards , Mycology/statistics & numerical data , Professional Practice/standards , Quality Control , Surveys and QuestionnairesSubject(s)
Mycology/organization & administration , Mycology/trends , Publishing/trends , Editorial Policies , History, 21st Century , Humans , Mycology/history , Publications/history , Publications/supply & distribution , Publications/trends , Publishing/organization & administration , Publishing/standards , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Although Charles Edward Smith did not discover coccidioidomycosis, he defined the disease through his infatigueable studies of the epidemiology, clinical findings, and immunology of this infection. He became its preeminent authority. He also had an important role in the development of public health, and for the last 16 years of his life he was the Dean of the School of Public Health at the University of California at Berkeley, where he was a revered and energetic leader.
Subject(s)
Coccidioides/physiology , Coccidioidomycosis/history , Mycology/history , Public Health/history , California , Coccidioidomycosis/microbiology , Coccidioidomycosis/therapy , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
This issue is dedicated to the 90th birthday of Professor Shu-Ting Chang, a prominent scientist in the field of mushroom biology, including cultivation and nutritional values of mushrooms, medicinal mushroom science, and environmental impact of mushrooms. Professor Shu-Ting Chang is also one of the initiators and has been an editor of our journal from its inception (in 1999) until now.
Subject(s)
Agaricales , Mycology/history , Agaricales/chemistry , Agaricales/classification , Agaricales/genetics , Agaricales/physiology , China , History, 20th Century , Nutritive ValueABSTRACT
Mycopathologia was founded in 1938 to 'diffuse the understanding of fungal diseases in man and animals among mycologists.' This was an important mission considering that pathogenic fungi for humans and animals represent a tiny minority of the estimated 1.5-5 million fungal inhabitants on Earth. These pathogens have diverged from the usual saprotrophic lifestyles of most fungi to colonize and infect humans and animals. Medical and veterinary mycology is the subdiscipline of microbiology that dwells into the mysteries of parasitic, fungal lifestyles. Among the oldest continuing scientific publications on the subject, Mycopathologia had its share of 'classic papers' since the first issue was published in 1938. An analysis of the eight decades of notable contributions reveals many facets of host-pathogen interactions among 183 volumes comprising about 6885 articles. We have analyzed the impact and relevance of this body of work using a combination of citation tools (Google Scholar and Scopus) since no single citation metric gives an inclusive perspective. Among the highly cited Mycopathologia publications, those on experimental mycology accounted for the major part of the articles (36%), followed by diagnostic mycology (16%), ecology and epidemiology (15%), clinical mycology (14%), taxonomy and classification (10%), and veterinary mycology (9%). The first classic publication, collecting nearly 200 citations, appeared in 1957, while two articles published in 2010 received nearly 150 citations each, which is notable for a journal covering a highly specialized field of study. An empirical analysis of the publication trends suggests continuing interests in novel diagnostics, fungal pathogenesis, review of clinical diseases especially with relevance to the laboratory scientists, taxonomy and classification of fungal pathogens, fungal infections and carriage in pets and wildlife, and changing ecology and epidemiology of fungal diseases around the globe. We anticipate that emerging and re-emerging fungal pathogens will continue to cause significant health burden in the coming decades. It remains vital that scientists and physicians continue to collaborate by learning each other's language for the study of fungal diseases, and Mycopathologia will strive to be their partner in this increasingly important endeavor to its 100th anniversary in 2038 and beyond.
Subject(s)
Bibliometrics , Fungi/physiology , Host-Pathogen Interactions , Mycology/history , Mycoses/microbiology , Mycoses/veterinary , Periodicals as Topic , Animals , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Cletus P. Kurtzman transformed the way yeast systematists practice their trade and how they perceive the yeast species. He redefined many genera of ascomycetous yeasts and provided a sound basis upon which to base higher taxonomic categories. Within his extraordinary corpus lies a trail of elements that can be used to reconstruct his evolving vision of the concepts that underlie the species and the genus, rarely set in a theoretical framework. While occasionally tipping his hat to the biological and phylogenetic species, Kurtzman espoused a concept founded primarily on genetic distance, even when claiming otherwise. In contrast, his notion of genus incorporated components of both genetic distance and phylogenetic structure, and possibly a size consideration. A phylogenetic approach predominated with higher taxa.
Subject(s)
Classification/methods , Evolution, Molecular , Mycology/methods , Phylogeny , Yeasts/classification , Yeasts/genetics , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Mycology/historySubject(s)
Mycology/history , Agaricales , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Male , Research/historyABSTRACT
To new generations of scientists beginning their careers in research, we strongly recommend the practice of reading older literature. To illustrate the value of doing so, we highlight six insights of one of the most influential mycorrhiza researchers of the twentieth century, Jack Harley. These insights concerning mycotrophy, the new niche, the sheath, C cycling, N cycling, and mutualism were published prior to 1975 and so may have escaped the notice of many, but they laid the groundwork for some of the most important research of today.
Subject(s)
Botany/history , Mycology/history , Mycorrhizae/physiology , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
In this paper I describe my professional and personal journey in science. In the 20th century there were fewer women scientists than man scientists. My personal experience and opinion is that women avoided academic careers. How one can combine family and career is discussed. The interest in science and the interactions I had with prominent leading Yeast Scientists changed my point of view, I matured and developed an academic career. My research focused on how budding yeast cells chose to exit the cell cycle and enter meiosis. My journey started using classical Genetic techniques. The development of Genetic engineering techniques enabled us to verify models and elucidate how entry into meiosis is controlled.
Subject(s)
Meiosis , Mycology/history , Saccharomycetales/growth & development , Biomedical Research , Career Choice , Family , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , HumansSubject(s)
Classification , Mycology/history , China , Fungi/classification , Fungi/genetics , Fungi/metabolism , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
En el marco del 80 aniversario del Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, se exponen en apretada síntesis, las actividades más relevantes en el campo del diagnóstico, la investigación y la docencia desarrolladas hasta el momento por el Laboratorio de Micología de la referida institución. A 38 años de su creación, este sigue siendo uno de los pocos lugares en Cuba que se desempeña en este campo y que se reconoce por los logros científico-técnicos alcanzados. Sin lugar a duda, estos responden básicamente al cuadro de salud nacional, sin descuidar el entorno regional y mundial. Todos los resultados que se exponen, se encuentran sustentados por más de 100 publicaciones y otras obras científicas, lo que avala la calidad y rigor del trabajo desplegado. Sirva este artículo para homenajear al fundador del Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí y a todos los científicos que en el transcurso de estos años contribuyeron a engrandecer su nombre(AU)
In the framework of the 80th anniversary of Pedro Kouri Tropical Medicine Institute, a succinct presentation is provided of the most relevant activities in the fields of diagnosis, research and teaching so far performed by the Mycology Laboratory at the Institute. Thirty-eight years after its founding, the Laboratory continues to be one of the few places in Cuba devoted to this field and recognized for its scientific and technical achievements, which no doubt essentially respond to the national health status, without neglecting the regional and global environment. All the results presented are endorsed by over 100 publications and scientific works, which is evidence of the quality and rigor of the work done. May this paper be a tribute to the founder of Pedro Kouri Tropical Medicine Institute and all the scientists who have brought prestige to its name throughout these years(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tropical Medicine/history , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/history , Mycology/history , Mycoses/epidemiology , Disease OutbreaksABSTRACT
Masao Ota was a Professor of Dermatology at Tokyo Imperial University. He is known to dermatologists around the world as the researcher who identified Nevus of Ota. He is also known for his research on Hansen's Disease. He was critical of the forced isolation policy and the sterilization law. He dreamt of developing chemotherapeutic measures and dedicated himself to cultivating Mycobacterium leprae. Among his accomplishments, those in the area of medical mycology are particularly remarkable. His discovery of Microsporum ferrugineum, his proposal for Trichophytia pompholyciformis, and his work on Ota-Langeron taxonomy based on the findings on fungus colonies are highly regarded and earned him the Ordre Royale de la Legion D'honneur. His accomplishments in the field of mycology are numerous; he has published a total of 39 research papers mostly in foreign languages. He was a leading world-class medical mycologist of his day. This review introduces some of his accomplishments and some episodes in his life.Furthermore, Masao Ota had a detailed knowledge of art and culture. Under the pseudonym of Kinoshita Mokutaro, he wrote poems, plays, and novels. He was also a painter. Particularly, his paintings in botany during his later years were published in the book "One Hundred Flower Sketches" after his death.Ota said, "The consequence of both science and art is global and humanitarian." He was one of the greatest men of culture in his time.