ABSTRACT
Considerado patrimônio natural, o litoral piauiense é referência nacional e internacional para o Kitesurf, esporte na natureza pouco estudado, embora conste em pesquisas sobre desenvolvimento turístico na região. Este artigo analisa implicações da prática do Kitesurf nesse litoral e identifica ações que podem contribuir para sua conservação. Realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, mediante pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Em certas praias há conflitos entre kitesurfista, pescador e/ou banhista; além da prática oferecer riscos para animais silvestres. Todavia, há kitesurfista que recolhe lixo no mar e promove discussões sobre efeitos do esporte na região. Abordar a educação ambiental em clínicas de certificação de kitesurfistas e regulamentar o Kitesurf pode colaborar com a resolução de conflitos e perspectivar um turismo mais sustentável, almejando conservar esse patrimônio e suas potencialidades.
The coast of Piauí, considered a natural heritage, is a national and international reference for kitesurfing, sport in naturelittle studied, although it is part of research on the regional tourism development. This article analyzes the implications of the practice of kitesurfing on this coast and identifies actions that can contribute to its conservation. Qualitative, exploratory research was carried out through bibliographical and documentary research. On certain beaches there are conflicts between kitesurfers, fishermen and/ or bathers; in addition, its practice offers risks to wild animals. However, there are kitesurfers who collects garbage at sea and promotes discussions about the effects of the sport in the region. Addressing environmental education of kitesurfers in certification clinics and regulating kitesurfing can collaborate with conflict resolution and envisage a more sustainable tourism, aiming to conserve this heritage and its potential.
Subject(s)
Sports , Coasts , Marine Environment , Certification , Negotiating , Environmental Health Education , TourismABSTRACT
The introduction of mental health collaborative care (MHCC) is one of the strategies to scale up access to mental health care in primary health care in Brazil. This article investigates an experience of mental health collaborative care in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is a qualitative study involving interviews with physicians and mental health professionals working in primary health care units located in the northern part of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The aim is to examine the various strategies and negotiations that primary health care professionals deploy to identify mental distress and plan health care interventions. We discuss the results within the economy of attention framework. We argue that divergences in diagnostic design and therapeutic planning carried out by professionals and users or observed in MHCC meetings illustrate the health-disease-care seeking phenomenon as a negotiated process, entangled in complex interactions. Our results evince that those interactions are not always evident and configure 'what is at stake' in mental suffering. The incorporation of cultural and structural determinants in collaborative care may enable the expansion of mental health initiatives sensitive to local needs and realities.
Subject(s)
Mental Health Services , Primary Health Care , Qualitative Research , Humans , Brazil , Negotiating , Mental Disorders/therapy , Health Services Accessibility , Cooperative Behavior , Adult , Female , MaleABSTRACT
This study sought to explore the uses meanings and negotiation that female heads of household from low-income areas gave to the transferred money in the COVID health emergency period. Our specific interest is in the withdrawal of 10% of pension funds and the Emergency Family Income (IFE) due to the monetary relevance of both programs. Based on a 10th-month follow-up of 14 female heads of household from low-income areas of Santiago, Chile, this qualitative study examines how the participating women "mark," in Zelizer's sense, the money they received. Thus, we seek to account for how, based on the source of money, its forms of access and the amounts received, women determine how to use it and assign meaning to its value.
Cette étude a cherché à explorer les usages, les significations et les négociations que les femmes chefs de famille des zones à faibles revenus ont donné à l'argent transféré pendant la période d'urgence sanitaire COVID. Nous intéressons plus particulièrement au retrait de 10% des fonds de pension et au revenu familial d'urgence (IFE) en raison de l'importance monétaire de ces deux programmes. Basée sur un suivi de dix mois de 14 femmes chefs de famille issues de quartiers défavorisés de Santiago du Chili, cette étude qualitative examine la manière dont les femmes participantes "marquent", au sens de Zelizer, l'argent qu'elles ont reçu. Ainsi, nous cherchons à expliquer comment, en fonction de la source de l'argent, de ses formes d'accès et des montants reçus, les femmes déterminent comment l'utiliser et attribuent une signification à sa valeur.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Poverty , Humans , COVID-19/psychology , COVID-19/economics , Female , Uncertainty , Poverty/statistics & numerical data , Poverty/psychology , Chile , SARS-CoV-2 , Pandemics/economics , Adult , Income/statistics & numerical data , Negotiating/psychology , Middle Aged , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
This paper aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and mental health of necessary entrepreneurs in Brasilian favelas, the social problems they experienced and implications for public health social work. The study used structured in-person interviews within selected Favela's, with a sample size of 721 entrepreneurs, aged between 16-70 years. All participants both worked and were resident in 15 out of the 27 Brasilian federal states. The bespoke questions explored socio-demographic questions, sought information on their entrepreneurship, health and administered the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale for Health. The results highlighted that many entrepreneurs have engaged in this form of enterprise due to economic necessity, with 64% of women and 43.6% of men identifying increased levels of anxiety through the pandemic, with the presence of children in the family being statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05 chi-square test) for anxiety. Of the 9.8% sample respondents have accessed the health care service and for women with children, the impact of the pandemic accentuated existing problems of childcare and patriarchy. We conclude by highlighting the importance of universal and accessible health and mental health support and care, their ongoing accessibility, along with the importance of social work during crisis.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Child , Male , Humans , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Entrepreneurship , Mental Health , Negotiating , PandemicsABSTRACT
Resumo: Pesquisas têm evidenciado relações entre estratégias de resolução de conflitos e variáveis como idade, sexo, nível socioeconômico e cultura. Porém, a relação das estratégias com aspectos do funcionamento psicológico como o autoconceito tem sido pouco investigada, especialmente na pré-adolescência. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar a existência de relações entre as estratégias de resolução de conflitos de pré-adolescentes e o seu autoconceito. Estas foram analisadas por meio das respostas dos participantes sobre o que fariam em situações de conflito descritas no Children's Action Tendency Scale (CATS). O questionário contém dez situações de conflito, ao final dos quais se pede que seja descrita a reação a cada uma. O autoconceito foi avaliado por meio das respostas dos participantes às vinte afirmações da Escala Multidimensional de Autoconceito para pré-adolescentes (AF5) sobre autoconceito e relações interpessoais. Os dados obtidos passaram por testes de correlação, verificando-se a associação entre estratégias como a assertiva e dimensões do autoconceito.
Abstract: Studies have shown relationships between conflict resolution strategies and variables including age, socioeconomic status, sex, and culture. However, the relationship between these strategies and aspects of psychological functioning such as self-concept has been little investigated, especially in pre-adolescence. This research aimed to verify the existence of relationships between the conflict resolution strategies reported by pre-adolescent children and their self-concept. The strategies were analyzed by the participants' answers about what they would do in ten conflict situations described in a questionnaire. These answers were categorized according to the type of reaction informed. Self-concept was assessed using the participants' responses to the 20 statements from the AF5 Self-Concept Questionnaire on self-concept and interpersonal relationships. The data obtained were tested for correlation, verifying the association between reported strategies such as assertiveness and self-concept dimensions.
Résumé : La recherche a montré des relations entre stratégies de résolution des conflits et des variables telles qu'âge, sexe, et culture. Cependant, la relation entre les stratégies et des aspectes du fonctionnement psychologique tels que concept de soi a été peut étudié, notamment à la préadolescence. Cette recherche visait à vérifier l'existence de relations entre les stratégies de résolution de conflits rapportées par les préadolescents et leur concept de soi. Les stratégies ont été vérifiées à travers les réponses des participants sur ce qu'ils feraient dans des situations conflictuelles décrites dans le Children's Action Tendency Scale, Le questionnaire contient dix situations conflictuelles et on leur a demandé de décrire leur réaction à chacune d'elles. Le concept de soi a été mesuré à travers de réponses des participants à l'Échelle multidimensionnelle du concept de soi pour des préadolescents sur leur autoreprésentation et leur relations interpersonnelles. Les données obtenues ont été soumis à des tests de corrélation, vérifiant la relation entre les stratégies rapportées comme la afirmation et la dimension du concept de soi.
Resumen: Estudios han demostrado las relaciones entre las estrategias de resolución de conflictos y las variables como edad, sexo, nivel socioeconómico y cultura. Sin embargo, la relación de estas estrategias con aspectos del funcionamiento psicológico como el autoconcepto ha sido poco investigada, sobre todo en cuanto a la adolescencia. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comprobar la existencia de relaciones entre las estrategias de resolución de conflictos de preadolescentes y su autoconcepto. Las estrategias se analizaron desde las respuestas de los participantes sobre qué harían en situaciones de conflictos descritas en Children's Action Tendency Scale . El cuestionario contiene diez situaciones de conflicto, y el participante describía su reacción ante la situación. El autoconcepto se evaluó mediante las respuestas de los participantes a veinte afirmaciones de la Escala Multidimensional de Autoconcepto para preadolescentes respecto al autoconcepto y relaciones interpersonales. Los datos obtenidos se sometieron a pruebas de correlación para comprobar si existe relación entre algunas estrategias, como la asertividad y las dimensiones del autoconcepto.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Self Concept , Negotiating , Interpersonal Relations , Child , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
O confronto com o câncer de um filho e a percepção da sua morte como inevitável dão lugar a experiências parentais relevantes para a pesquisa científica. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar, por meio da percepção dos profissionais hospitalares, o modo como os pais experienciam a fase terminal e fim de vida do filho com câncer para melhor compreender os processos psicoemocionais experienciados por esses pais diante da cronicidade da doença e da morte do filho. No sentido de alcançar esse objetivo, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo de tipo fenomenológico envolvendo 17 profissionais de dois hospitais portugueses de referência em oncologia pediátrica. Os dados foram recolhidos com recurso a um guia de entrevista semiestruturada. Na percepção dos profissionais hospitalares, os resultados evidenciam que esses pais experienciam múltiplas dificuldades e preocupações na fase terminal da doença do filho e no pós-morte, bem como um sofrimento extremo e desestruturação biopsicossocial e espiritual na família. O conhecimento aprofundado da fenomenologia desses processos é essencial para o desenho e a implementação de intervenções emocionais, cognitivas, comportamentais e sociais mais ajustadas às dificuldades e preocupações parentais vividas no fim de vida e pós-morte.(AU)
Coping with children's cancer and the perception of their inevitable death give rise to parental experiences that are important to study. This study aimed to investigate, based on hospital professionals' perspectives, how parents experience the terminal phase and end of life of their children suffering from cancer to better understand the psycho-emotional processes these parents experienced in face of the chronicity of the disease and their children's death. To achieve this objective, a qualitative phenomenological study was carried out involving 17 professionals of two Portuguese hospitals that are reference in pediatric oncology. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide. From the perspective of hospital professionals, results show that these parents experience multiple difficulties and concerns in the terminal phase of their children's disease and postmortem, as well as the extreme suffering and biopsychosocial and spiritual disruption of the family. A deeper understanding of the phenomenology of these processes is essential to design and implement better adjusted emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and social interventions aimed at the parental difficulties and concerns experienced at the end of life and after death.(AU)
El enfrentamiento del cáncer de un hijo y la percepción de su muerte como inevitable dan lugar a experiencias parentales importantes que deben ser estudiadas. Este estudio pretende identificar desde la percepción de los profesionales del hospital cómo los padres viven la fase terminal y el final de la vida de su hijo con cáncer con el fin de comprender mejor los procesos psicoemocionales que viven estos padres ante la cronicidad de la enfermedad y la muerte de su hijo. Para ello, se realizó un estudio cualitativo, con enfoque fenomenológico, en el que participaron 17 profesionales de dos hospitales portugueses de referencia en oncología pediátrica. Para recoger los datos se aplicó un guion de entrevista semiestructurada. En cuanto a la percepción de los profesionales del hospital, estos padres experimentaron múltiples dificultades y preocupaciones en la fase terminal de la enfermedad de su hijo y postmuerte, así como un sufrimiento extremo y una desestructuración biopsicosocial y espiritual en la familia. El conocimiento en profundidad de la fenomenología de estos procesos es esencial para elaborar e implementar intervenciones emocionales, cognitivas, conductuales y sociales más acordes a las dificultades y preocupaciones parentales que se experimentan al final de la vida y la postmuerte.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Parents , Pediatrics , Portugal , Expression of Concern , Neoplasms , Anxiety , Pain , Palliative Care , Parent-Child Relations , Patient Care Team , Philosophy , Psychology , Psychology, Medical , Psychophysiology , Quality of Health Care , Risk-Taking , Schools , Self Care , Sibling Relations , Speech , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Awareness , Survival , Terminal Care , Therapeutics , Vision, Ocular , Body Image , Right to Die , Activities of Daily Living , Bereavement , Leukemia , Attitude of Health Personnel , Attitude to Death , Divorce , Marriage , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Central Nervous System , Homeopathic Cure , Child , Child Care , Psychology, Child , Child Rearing , Child Health , Family Health , Sampling Studies , Life Expectancy , Mortality , Conscious Sedation , Adolescent , Negotiating , Hospice Care , Caregivers , Health Personnel , Neoplasms, Post-Traumatic , Interview , Communication , Pain Clinics , Comprehensive Health Care , Conflict, Psychological , Crisis Intervention , Affect , Psychosocial Impact , Mind-Body Therapies , Withholding Treatment , Spirituality , Decision Making , Denial, Psychological , Depression , Diagnosis , Diet , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Dyspnea , Education, Nonprofessional , Emotions , Disease Prevention , Humanization of Assistance , User Embracement , Family Conflict , Family Relations , Early Detection of Cancer , Fatigue , Fear , Early Medical Intervention , Medicalization , Hope , Acceptance and Commitment Therapy , Courage , Optimism , Psychological Trauma , Psychiatric Rehabilitation , Psychosocial Support Systems , Psycho-Oncology , Frustration , Sadness , Respect , Emotional Regulation , Psychological Distress , Patient Care , Psychosocial Intervention , Family Support , Psychological Well-Being , Emotional Exhaustion , Health Promotion , Health Services , Hearing , Hospitalization , Anger , Leukocytes , Life Change Events , Life Support Care , Loneliness , Love , Nausea , Nursing CareABSTRACT
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar as perspectivas dos psicólogos dos Centros de Referência da Assistência Social (CRAS) que compõem a equipe de Proteção e Atenção Integral à Família (PAIF) a respeito do seu trabalho no Acompanhamento Familiar oferecido para famílias com membros com transtornos mentais. Oito psicólogos que atuavam nos CRAS de um município no interior de Minas Gerais participaram do estudo. O instrumento utilizado foi um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, com a subsequente análise de conteúdo temática. As categorias temáticas foram analisadas à luz da literatura específica da área. De maneira geral, os resultados indicaram que os psicólogos se sentem despreparados para o exercício de sua função no CRAS, uma vez que a formação específica e continuada em Psicologia não ofereceu subsídios adequados para o conhecimento da atuação no campo da Assistência Social. A natureza (psico)terapêutica do trabalho é discutida, assim como a necessidade de formações continuadas para a atuação. Ressalta-se a necessidade de mais pesquisas que abordem a formação em Psicologia e suas relações com a Assistência Social, bem como os impactos desse despreparo na prática dos profissionais, de maneira a fomentar maior satisfação pessoal/profissional e, consequentemente, aprimorar a assistência oferecida à comunidade.(AU)
This study aims to investigate the views of psychologists who worked at Social Assistance Reference Centers (CRAS) associated with the Comprehensive Family Care Program (PAIF) on their work with the aforementioned program. Overall, eight psychologists who worked at CRAS units in small municipalities in Minas Gerais for at least one year participated in this research. The instrument used was a semi-structured interview script, and the data were analyzed under the content analysis (thematic) method. Thematic categories were analyzed based on the specific literature. Results indicate that the psychologists generally felt unprepared to work at CRAS since their degree in Psychology provided inadequate knowledge to deal with Social Assistance issues. This study discusses the (psycho)therapeutic nature of their practice and the need for ongoing training for their proper performance. This study highlights the need for further research that addresses the links between education in Psychology and Social Assistance and the impacts of said unpreparedness on the performance of those professionals. Such research might provide more professional/personal satisfaction and, in turn, improve the quality of the offered service.(AU)
Este estudio tuvo la intención de conocer las perspectivas de los psicólogos de los Centros de Referencia de Asistencia Social (CRAS) que forman parte de los equipos del Protección y Atención Integral a la Familia (PAIF) acerca del seguimiento de familias con miembros portadores de trastornos mentales. Ocho psicólogos que actuaban en los CRAS de un municipio del interior del estado de Minas Gerais (Brasil) participaron en el estudio. El instrumento utilizado fue un guion de entrevistas semiestructuradas; y, para análisis de datos, se utilizó el análisis de contenido temático. Las categorías temáticas se analizaron a la luz de la literatura específica del campo. De modo general, los resultados indicaron que los psicólogos no se sienten preparados para desempeñar la función en el CRAS, puesto que la formación en Psicología no ofreció conocimientos adecuados para actuar en el campo de la asistencia social. Se discuten la naturaleza (psico)terapéutica del trabajo y la necesidad de formación continua para esta actuación. Se destaca la necesidad de más investigaciones que tratan de la formación en Psicología y sus relaciones con la asistencia social, y los impactos de esta falta de preparo en la práctica de los profesionales, de modo a promover una satisfacción personal/profesional y, consecuentemente, optimizar la asistencia ofrecida a la comunidad.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Social Support , Acting Out , Anxiety , Orientation , Patient Escort Service , Pensions , Personal Satisfaction , Poverty , Prejudice , Psychomotor Agitation , Public Policy , Quality of Life , Rural Population , Self Care , Self Mutilation , Social Behavior , Social Change , Social Identification , Social Problems , Social Responsibility , Social Sciences , Social Security , Social Welfare , Social Work , Socioeconomic Factors , Suicide , Behavioral Sciences , Health Policy, Planning and Management , Adaptation, Psychological , Family , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Child Development , Residence Characteristics , Hygiene , Mental Health , Rural Health , Occupational Health , Treatment Refusal , Health Strategies , Self-Injurious Behavior , Patient Satisfaction , Negotiating , Family Planning Policy , Health Personnel , Disabled Persons , Domestic Violence , Comprehensive Health Care , Constitution and Bylaws , Community Networks , Continuity of Patient Care , Program , Persons with Mental Disabilities , Health Management , Creativity , Crisis Intervention , Personal Autonomy , State , Delivery of Health Care , Aggression , Depression , Diagnosis , Education , Ego , Emotions , Workforce , Humanization of Assistance , User Embracement , Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services , Family Conflict , Family Relations , Resilience, Psychological , Protective Factors , Sociological Factors , Problem Behavior , Work Performance , Psychosocial Support Systems , Treatment Adherence and Compliance , Work Engagement , Social Construction of Ethnic Identity , Adverse Childhood Experiences , Family Separation , Leadership and Governance Capacity , Solidarity , Social Protection in Health , Health Sector Stewardship and Governance , Indigenous Peoples , Empowerment , Psychosocial Intervention , Social Inclusion , Community Support , Social Vulnerability , Belonging , Diversity, Equity, Inclusion , Psychological Well-Being , Working Conditions , Workforce Diversity , Health Policy , Health Promotion , Health Resources , Health Services Accessibility , Human Rights , Interpersonal Relations , Object AttachmentABSTRACT
A Psicologia Organizacional e do Trabalho (POT) é permeada por uma série de julgamentos negativos e estigmas, principalmente acerca de seu papel intermediador de relações de exploração sofridas pelo trabalhador. Investigar as percepções que graduandos têm sobre a área pode trazer acesso ao que há de central entre as diversas formas de pensar o tema. Este trabalho buscou analisar as percepções de 100 graduandos de duas instituições de ensino superior (IES) do Centro-Oeste Paulista, uma pública e outra privada, acerca da importância da atuação do psicólogo em POT e o interesse desses discentes em atuarem futuramente na área, estabelecendo uma comparação entre os resultados com base nas IES e entre primeiro e quinto ano da graduação. Os graduandos responderam a dois questionários estruturados com perguntas abertas e fechadas. Os resultados apontaram uma maior valorização da área de POT na IES privada e no quinto ano. A maioria dos discentes do primeiro ano de graduação apresentou pouco conhecimento sobre a POT. Os estudantes da IES privada apresentaram maior interesse em atuar na área do que os discentes da IES pública. Quando perguntados se houve uma mudança de opinião após a realização das disciplinas, 49 alunos do quinto ano responderam positivamente e apenas um respondeu negativamente. As respostas dissertativas se dividiram entre visões positivas, neutras e negativas sobre a POT. Os resultados permitiram avaliação das percepções da POT entre os graduandos, bem como das transformações ocorridas pelo impacto das experiências acadêmicas vivenciadas.(AU)
Organizational and Work Psychology (OWP) is permeated by a series of negative judgments and stigmas, mainly about its role as an intermediary of relations exploiting workers. Investigating the perceptions undergraduates have about it can bring access to what is central among the different ways of thinking about the subject. This study sought to analyze the perceptions of 100 undergraduates from two higher education institutions (HEIs), one public and private in Midwestern São Paulo about the importance of psychologists' role in OWP and their interest in working in the area in the future, comparing the results per HEI and between the first and fifth year of graduation. Graduates answered two structured questionnaires with open and closed questions. Results pointed to a greater appreciation of OWP in the private HEI and in the fifth year. Most first-year undergraduate students had little knowledge about OWP. Students from the private HEI took greater interest in working in the area than students from the public HEI. When asked if taking the courses changed their opinions, 49 students responded positively and only one negatively. Participants' responses were divided into positive, neutra,l and negative views about OWP. Results evaluated the perceptions on OWP in undergraduates the changes due to the impact of academic experiences.(AU)
La Psicología Organizacional y Laboral (POT) está permeada por una serie de juicios negativos y estigmas, principalmente sobre su papel como intermediaria de las relaciones de explotación laboral. Investigar las percepciones que los estudiantes tienen sobre este campo puede brindar acceso a lo que es central entre las diferentes formas de pensar sobre el tema. Este estudio buscó analizar las percepciones de 100 graduandos de dos instituciones de educación superior (IES), una pública y otra privada, del medio oeste de São Paulo, acerca de la importancia del rol del psicólogo en POT y del interés por actuar en el área, estableciendo una comparación entre los resultados por tipo de IES y período del curso (el primer y quinto año de grado). Los graduandos respondieron a dos cuestionarios estructurados con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. Los resultados apuntan a una mayor valoración de POT en las IES privadas y en el quinto año. La mayoría de los estudiantes de primer año tenían poco conocimiento sobre POT. Los estudiantes de la IES privada estaban más interesados en trabajar en el área que los estudiantes de la IES pública. Cuando se les preguntó si hubo un cambio de opinión luego de cursar las asignaturas, 49 estudiantes del quinto año respondieron positivamente y solo uno respondió negativamente. Las respuestas del ensayo se dividieron en puntos de vista positivos, neutrales y negativos sobre POT. Los resultados permitieron evaluar las percepciones de POT entre los graduandos, así como evaluar los cambios ocurridos por el impacto de las experiencias académicas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Teaching , Universities , Work , Capacity Building , Organization and Administration , Organizational Innovation , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale , Perception , Personnel Selection , Psychology , Social Problems , Students , Technology , Career Choice , Organizational Culture , Organizations , Occupational Health , Negotiating , Total Quality Management , Efficiency, Organizational , Efficiency , Empathy , Workforce , Work Engagement , Psychological Well-Being , Collective Efficacy , Working Conditions , Judgment , Leadership , Motivation , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
Considerando-se os desafios da composição de grupos de diálogos em temas socialmente polêmicos, este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar as estratégias utilizadas para compor um grupo de diálogo a partir da metodologia do Projeto de Conversações Públicas entre pessoas com distintas opiniões sobre a abordagem do tema da diversidade sexual e de gênero nas escolas brasileiras. As transcrições das audiogravações das conversas preparatórias e dos encontros grupais e as anotações de diário de campo compuseram o corpus de análise deste estudo. A análise temática de conteúdo serviu para o destaque das seguintes estratégias consideradas úteis para a composição grupal: 1) Reconhecendo as pessoas envolvidas no conflito; 2) Entrando em contato com pessoas-chave; 3) Recrutando participantes reservas; 4) Pensando formas alternativas de presença no grupo; 5) Reconhecendo quem precisaria estar na conversa; 6) Flexibilidade com relação a entrada de novas/os participantes; 7) Lidando com os estereótipos com relação as/aos facilitadoras/es; 8) Co-construindo estratégias para maior adesão grupal. Esses eixos analíticos foram discutidos a partir da literatura da área.
Considering the challenges of composing dialogue groups in polemic issues, this study aimed to present the strategies used to compose a dialogue group based on the methodology of the Public Conversations Project among people with different opinions on the approach to the topic of sexual and of gender in Brazilian schools. Transcripts of audio recordings of preparatory conversations and group meetings and field diary notes composed the corpus of analysis of this study. The thematic content analysis served to highlight the following strategies considered useful for group composition: 1) Recognizing the people involved in the conflict; 2) Contacting key people; 3) Recruiting reserve participants; 4) Thinking about alternative forms of presence in the group; 5) Recognizing who would need to be in the conversation; 6) Flexibility regarding the entry of new participants; 7) Dealing with stereotypes regarding facilitators; 8) Co-building strategies for greater group membership. The selected material was discussed based on the literature in the area.
Considerando los desafíos de la composición de grupos de diálogo, este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar las estrategias utilizadas para la composición de un grupo de diálogo basado en la metodología del Proyecto Conversaciones Públicas entre personas con opiniones diferentes sobre el abordaje del tema sexual y de género en las escuelas brasileñas. Transcripciones de grabaciones de audio de conversaciones preparatorias y reuniones grupales y notas del diario de campo componen el corpus de análisis de este estudio. El análisis de contenido temático sirvió para resaltar las siguientes estrategias consideradas útiles para la composición del grupo: 1) Reconocimiento de las personas involucradas en el conflicto; 2) Ponerse en contacto con personas clave; 3) Reclutamiento de participantes de reserva; 4) Pensar en formas alternativas de presencia en el grupo; 5) Reconocer quién debería estar en la conversación; 6) Flexibilidad en la entrada de nuevos participantes; 7) Abordar los estereotipos sobre los facilitadores; 8) Estrategias de co-construcción para una mayor membresía del grupo. El material seleccionado se discutió con base en la literatura en el área.
Subject(s)
Humans , Negotiating , Patient Selection , Interpersonal RelationsABSTRACT
AIM: The therapeutic alliance is a robust predictor of treatment outcome. However, little is known about the way alliance negotiation contributes to psychotherapy outcome. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of alliance negotiation on treatment outcome in the first four sessions of psychotherapy. METHODS: Ninety-six patients diagnosed with emotional disorders received weekly Solution-Focused Brief Therapy. Each patient completed both the Alliance Negotiation Scale (ANS) and the Outcome Questionnaire 45 (OQ.45) after each of the first four sessions. Both between- and within-patients effects of alliance negotiation on symptom severity were analyzed using Hierarchical Linear Models. RESULTS: Results showed significant between and within patient effects of alliance negotiation on symptom severity. Patients with higher levels of alliance negotiation across treatment showed lower levels of symptom severity (between-patient effect). Also, in a session with higher alliance negotiation compared to the average session of this patient, symptom severity was lower than in the average session (within-patient effect). DISCUSSION: The results indicate that therapies characterized by higher alliance negotiation and sessions with higher alliance negotiation are beneficial for early outcome. CONCLUSION: From a clinical point of view, the results suggest that alliance negotiation is a meaningful factor for therapy outcome and that therapists may benefit from training and monitoring alliance negotiation during the early stages of treatment.
Subject(s)
Negotiating , Professional-Patient Relations , Humans , Psychotherapy/methods , Mood Disorders , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Despite the effectiveness of male condoms, many Female Sex Workers (FSWs) report using condoms infrequently with multiple clients during sexual activity. As such, inconsistent condom use by FSWs is a public health concern as it can increase STI and HIV transmission. This systematic review synthesized extant evidence regarding barriers to condom use experienced by FSWs in the U.S and U.S. - Mexico border towns. The search was conducted through PubMed, CINAL, Cochrane, Medline, and PsychInfo. Studies were included if: they were conducted in the U.S. or U.S. - Mexico borders, their target population was FSWs, they examined condom use barriers experienced by FSWs, and they were published in English between 2011 and February 2021. Condom use barriers among FSWs were reported in all the articles including alcohol consumption and drug use before sex, venue stability, socio-economic status vulnerability, violence and gendered power dynamics, trust of regular clients, and age. The review findings indicate the need to develop interventions promoting condom use for both FSWs and their clients, as well as alternative interventions for HIV prevention such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Sex Workers , Male , Humans , Female , United States/epidemiology , Condoms , Cities , Negotiating , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Mexico/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
This article seeks to identify and discuss evidence-informed options to address the judicialization of health. The Supporting Policy Relevant Reviews and Trials Tools were used to define the problem and the search strategy, which was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Health Systems Evidence, Campbell, Cochrane Collaboration, Rx for Change Database, and PDQ-Evidence. Selection and assessment of methodological quality was performed by two independent reviewers. The results were presented in a narrative synthesis. This study selected 19 systematic reviews that pointed out four strategies to address the judicialization of health in Brazil: 1) Rapid response service, 2) Continuous education program, 3) Mediation service between the parties involved, and 4) Adoption of a computer-based, online decision-making support tool and patient-mediated interventions. This study therefore presented and characterized four options that can be considered to address the judicialization of health. The implementation of these options must ensure the participation of different actors, reflecting on different contexts and the impact on the health system. The availability of human and financial resources and the training of teams are critical points for the successful implementation of the options.
A fim de identificar e discutir opções informadas por evidências para abordar a judicialização da saúde no Brasil, utilizou-se as Ferramentas SUPPORT (Supporting Policy Relevant Reviews and Trials). A busca foi realizada nas bases PubMed; Health Systems Evidence; Campbell Collaboration; Cochrane Library; Rx for Change Database e PDQ-Evidence. A seleção e avaliação da qualidade metodológica foi feita por dois revisores independentes. Os resultados foram apresentados numa síntese narrativa. Dezenove revisões sistemáticas apontam quatro opções: 1) Serviço de respostas rápidas; 2) Programa de educação permanente; 3) Serviço de mediação entre as partes envolvidas; e 4) Adoção de ferramenta online (baseada em computador) de suporte à decisão e de intervenções mediadas por pacientes. Conclusões: Apresentamos e caracterizamos quatro opções que podem ser consideradas para abordar a judicialização da saúde. A implementação dessas opções deve garantir a participação de diferentes atores, refletindo sobre variados contextos. Recursos humanos e financeiros, capacitação das equipes, são os principais pontos críticos.
Subject(s)
Health Policy , Public Health , Humans , Brazil , Public Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Negotiating , Decision Making , Decision Support Systems, ClinicalABSTRACT
Humanitarian and development agencies intervening in Latin American cities increasingly face the challenge posed by criminal armed groups (CAGs). Yet, there is a need for evidence-based comparative studies on how international agencies deal with them. Drawing on data collected in Colombia, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and Mexico, this paper presents a novel typology of humanitarian organisations' access strategies that distinguishes between different levels of interaction with CAGs. The paper shows how humanitarian agencies assess a variety of risks and balance the potential consequences of their engagement with CAGs with the need to maintain constructive and trustful relationships with the state and the community with which they work. It finds that indirect dialogue or negotiation with CAGs via community leaders who act as intermediaries might provide a low-risk alternative to direct negotiation with CAG leaders, provided that 'do no harm' and humanitarian protection considerations vis-à-vis communities and intermediaries play a central role.
Subject(s)
Criminals , Negotiating , Humans , Latin America , Mexico , HondurasABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To describe how patients with CKD negotiated assigned responsibilities in the management of their disease, resulting in potential relational nonadherence. METHODS: Qualitative study performed in two healthcare facilities in Buenos Aires, Argentina, including 50 patients and 14 healthcare providers. We conducted semistructured interviews which were analysed using a frame of reference with concepts of Burden of Treatment and Cognitive Authority theories. FINDINGS: Adherence to treatment defined "good patients". Patients needed to negotiate starting treatment, its modality and dialysis schedule, although most patients felt they did not participate in the decision process and that providers did not acknowledge implications of these decisions on their routine. Some patients skipped dialysis if concerns were not attended. Regularly, patients negotiated frequency of visits, doses, dietary restrictions and redefined relationships with their support networks, sometimes with devasting effects. As a result of overwhelming uncertainty some patients refused enrolling into a transplant program. When the frequency of complications increased, patients considered abandoning dialysis. CONCLUSION: When patients perceived demands were excessive or conflicting, they entered into negotiations. Relationally induced nonadherence may arise when professionals do not or cannot enter into negotiations over patients' beliefs or knowledge about what is possible for them to do.
Subject(s)
Negotiating , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Humans , Argentina , Motivation , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/psychology , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
A Avaliação Terapêutica (AT) é um processo avaliativo e interventivo proposto para ser semiestruturado e colaborativo com o objetivo de promover mudanças positivas no cliente, que é convidado a ter uma participação ativa durante o processo. Na AT, os resultados dos testes psicológicos padronizados ganham destaque como facilitadores do processo de autoconhecimento do cliente. Desse modo, usualmente, integram-se os achados de testes psicológicos de autorrelato com os métodos projetivos para gerar informações que possam ampliar a visão que o cliente tem de si. Neste artigo, buscou-se compreender o potencial de uso dos testes psicológicos e da relação colaborativa a partir de um caso atendido na perspectiva da AT. A participante, Violeta (nome fictício), foi atendida em 10 sessões com duração entre 60 e 115 minutos. Foram utilizados os testes psicológicos Escala de Bem-Estar Psicológico (Ebep), Escala de Vulnerabilidade e Estresse no Trabalho (Event), Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP), Método de Rorschach e Inventários de Habilidades Sociais 2 (IHS-2). Observou-se que, durante o processo, Violeta ampliou sua autopercepção, o que possibilitou mudanças no modo de agir em seus relacionamentos amorosos e na reflexão sobre como sua postura era vista por si e por seus colegas de trabalho. Acredita-se que a AT cumpriu com o objetivo de estabelecer uma experiência terapêutica que possibilitasse mudanças positivas para a cliente. Este estudo de caso contribuiu para ampliar a compreensão sobre a importância e o uso dos testes psicológicos neste modelo de avaliação psicológica.(AU)
The Therapeutic Assessment (TA) is an evaluative and interventional process proposed to be semi-structured and collaborative with the objective of promoting positive changes in the client, who is invited to have an active participation during the process. At the TA, the results of standardized psychological tests are highlighted as facilitators of the client's self-knowledge process. In this way, the findings of psychological self-report tests are usually integrated with projective methods to generate information that can broaden the client's view of themselves. In this article, understanding the potential use of psychological tests and of the collaborative relationship from a case treated from the TA perspective was sought. The participant, Violet (fictitious name), was assisted in 10 sessions lasting between 60 and 115 minutes. The psychological tests Psychological Well-Being Scale (EBEP), Vulnerability and Stress at Work Scale (EVENT), Personality Factorial Battery (BFP), Rorschach Method and Social Skills Inventories 2 (IHS-2) were used. It was observed that, during the process, Violet increased her self-perception, which allowed changes in her way of acting in her love life and in her reflection on how her posture was seen by herself and herco-workers. It is believed that TA fulfilled the objective of establishing a therapeutic experience that would enable positive changes for the client. This case study contributed to broaden the understanding about the importance and use of psychological testing in this psychological assessment model.(AU)
La Evaluación Terapéutica (ET) es un proceso de evaluación e intervención que se propone ser semiestructurado y colaborativo, con el objetivo de lograr cambios positivos en el cliente, quien es invitado a tener participación activa durante el proceso. En la ET se destacan los resultados de las pruebas psicológicas estandarizadas como facilitadoras del proceso de autoconocimiento del cliente. Los hallazgos de las pruebas psicológicas de autoinforme suelen integrarse con métodos proyectivos para generar información que pueda ampliar la visión que el cliente tiene de sí mismo. En este artículo se buscó comprender el uso potencial de las pruebas psicológicas y de la relación colaborativa a partir de un estudio de caso tratado desde la perspectiva de la ET. Atendieron a la participante Violeta (nombre ficticio), en 10 sesiones que duraron entre 60 y 115 minutos. Se utilizaron las pruebas psicológicas Escala de Bienestar Psicológico (EBEP), Escala de Vulnerabilidad y Estrés en el Trabajo (EVENT), Batería de Factorial de la Personalidad (BFP), Método de Rorschach e Inventario de Habilidades Sociales 2 (IHS-dos). Se observó que, durante el proceso, Violeta amplió su autopercepción, lo que permitió cambios en la forma de actuar en sus relaciones amorosas y en el reflejo de como ella y sus compañeros de trabajo veían su postura. Así, se cree que ET ha cumplido el objetivo de establecer una experiencia terapéutica que permitió cambios positivos a la cliente. Este estudio contribuyó a ampliar la comprensión sobre la importancia y el uso de las pruebas psicológicas en este modelo de evaluación psicológica.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Therapeutics , Psychological Techniques , Psychological Distress , Anxiety Disorders , Projection , Psychoanalysis , Psychological Tests , Psychology , Psychotherapy , Rabies , Rorschach Test , Shame , Social Adjustment , Social Behavior , Social Environment , Social Identification , Social Isolation , Social Support , Socialization , Avoidance Learning , Sublimation, Psychological , Temperance , Thinking , Unconscious, Psychology , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Behaviorism , Shyness , Adaptation, Psychological , Attitude , Mental Health , Efficacy , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Negotiating , Mental Competency , Codependency, Psychological , Communication , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Counseling , Affect , Disaster Vulnerability , Personal Autonomy , Defense Mechanisms , Behavior Control , Harm Reduction , Researcher-Subject Relations , Trust , Stress Disorders, Traumatic , Aggression , Dependency, Psychological , Depression , Diagnosis , Emotions , Escape Reaction , Exercise Therapy , Extraversion, Psychological , Fantasy , Resilience, Psychological , Fear , Video-Audio Media , Self-Control , Psychological Trauma , Psychosocial Support Systems , Occupational Stress , Neuroticism , Free Association , Frustration , Sadness , Respect , Leadership and Governance Capacity , Betrayal , Patient Care , Psychosocial Functioning , Psychosocial Intervention , Social Interaction , Information Avoidance , Listening Effort , Gestalt Therapy , Psychological Well-Being , Helping Behavior , Human Development , Identification, Psychological , Identity Crisis , Individuation , Interpersonal Relations , Interview, Psychological , Introversion, Psychological , Leadership , Loneliness , Mental Disorders , Mental Processes , Motivation , Negativism , Neurotic DisordersABSTRACT
Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender quais são as percepções e experiências de pais e mães de adolescentes brasileiros acerca do uso da internet por parte dos seus filhos. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo do qual participaram 12 genitores com idades entre 29 e 49 anos, sendo de 14 anos a média de idade dos seus filhos. Foram empregados dois roteiros de entrevista. Detectaram-se cinco modalidades de mediação parental: regras, restrição, observação, monitoramento e comunicação aberta. Esta última foi considerada a mais positiva pelos pais. Uma das maiores preocupações foi a facilidade com que a internet tem influenciado os adolescentes, demandando a necessidade de revisão das orientações parentais. Os pais se sentem angustiados e sem referências quanto ao manejo adequado do uso de internet pelos filhos, demonstrando dificuldade de ruptura com os padrões tanto de parentalidade quanto de mediação anteriormente aprendidos
This study reports on the perceptions and experiences of Brazilian parents regarding their adolescent children's internet use. A total of 12 parents aged 29 to 49, with children around 14 years old, participated in this qualitative study by answering two interview scripts. We identified five modalities of parental mediation: rules, restriction, observation, monitoring and open communication, with the latter being considered the most positive by the parents. A main concern was the ease with which the Internet has influenced their children, leading to revised parental guidelines. Parents feel distressed and lack references as to how to adequately manage children's internet use, demonstrating difficulty in breaking with previous patterns of both parenting and mediation
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender las percepciones y experiencias de padres y madres brasileños sobre el uso de Internet por parte de sus hijos adolescentes. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo en el que participaron 12 padres de entre 29 y 49 años, siendo 14 años la edad media de sus hijos. Se utilizaron dos guiones de entrevistas. Se detectaron cinco tipos de mediación parental: reglas, restricción, observación, seguimiento y comunicación abierta. Esta última fue considerada la más positiva por los padres. Una de las mayores preocupaciones fue la facilidad con la que la Internet ha influido en los adolescentes, exigiendo la necesidad de revisar las pautas de los padres. Los padres se sienten angustiados y sin referencias en cuanto al manejo adecuado del uso de Internet por sus hijos, lo que muestra dificultad de romper con los patrones tanto de crianza como de mediación aprendidos previamente
Cette étude visait à comprendre les perceptions et les expériences des pères et des mères d'adolescents brésiliens sur l'utilisation d'Internet par leurs enfants. Il s'agit d'une étude qualitative à laquelle ont participé 12 parents âgés entre 29 et 49 ans, l'âge moyen de leurs enfants étant de 14 ans. Deux scripts d'entrevue ont été utilisés. Cinq types de médiation parentale ont été détectés: règles, restriction, observation, surveillance et communication ouverte. Ce dernier était considéré comme le plus positif par les parents. L'une des plus grandes préoccupations était la facilité avec laquelle l'Internet a influencé les adolescents, exigeant la nécessité de revoir les directives parentales. Les parents se sentent en détresse et sans références quant à la bonne gestion de l'utilisation d'Internet de leurs enfants, montrant des difficultés à rompre avec les schémas de parentalité et de médiation appris précédemment
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Parenting , Internet , Online Social Networking , Brazil , Interviews as Topic , Adolescent , Negotiating , Qualitative Research , Peer InfluenceABSTRACT
A recomendação ética do psicólogo para intervir criticamente sobre a demanda vai de encontro com a tarefa de diagnosticar atos de Alienação Parental e, num sentido amplo, com a judicialização das relações privadas. A genealogia de Foucault consiste num método capaz de lançar luz sobre as práticas de poder na base dos discursos relacionados ao tema da alienação parental. O eufemismo pedagógico empregado para designar as sanções da lei tem como finalidade estratégica o convencimento a respeito de supostos benefícios da tutela sobre as famílias, ao mesmo tempo em que lhes são atribuídas alguma patologia disfuncional. Numa perspectiva crítica, a assimetria de gêneros corresponde às relações de poder presentes no problema da alienação parental. Por fim, a inversão dos critérios de identificação da alienação parental revela o distanciamento entre o ideal normativo e a realidade da ruptura conjugal e familiar, apontando para a importância de práticas de cuidado e assistência em vez de judicativas e punitivas.(AU)
The psychologist's ethical recommendation to critically intervene on the demand goes against the task of diagnosing acts of Parental Alienation (AP) and, in a broad sense, with the judicialization of private relations. Foucault's genealogy consists of a method able to shed on the power practices on the basis of discourses related to the theme of Parental Alienation. The pedagogical euphemism used to designate the sanctions of the law has the strategic purpose of convincing about the supposed benefits of guardianship over families, while attributing some dysfunctional pathology to them. From a critical perspective, gender asymmetry corresponds to the power relations present in the Parental Alienation problem. Finally, the inversion of the Parental Alienation's identification criteria reveals the gap between the normative ideal and the reality of marital and family disruption, pointing to the importance of care and assistance practices instead of judicative and punitive ones.(AU)
La recomendación ética del psicólogo de intervenir críticamente sobre la demanda va en contra de la tarea de diagnosticar actos de Alienación Parental (AP) y, en un sentido amplio, con la judicialización de las relaciones privadas. La genealogía de Foucault consiste en un método capaz de arrojar luz sobre las prácticas del poder a partir de discursos relacionados con el tema de la Alienación Parental. El eufemismo pedagógico que se utiliza para designar las sanciones de la ley tiene el propósito estratégico de convencer sobre los supuestos beneficios de la tutela sobre las familias, atribuyéndoles alguna patología disfuncional. Desde una perspectiva crítica, la asimetría de género corresponde a las relaciones de poder presentes en el problema de la Alienación Parental. Finalmente, la inversión de los criterios de identificación de la Alienación Parental revela la brecha entre el ideal normativo y la realidad de la ruptura conyugal y familiar, señalando la importancia de las prácticas de cuidado y asistencia en lugar de las judicativas y punitivas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Justice , Child Custody , Genealogy and Heraldry , Jurisprudence , Anxiety , Paternal Behavior , Paternal Deprivation , Psychoanalysis , Psychology, Social , Public Policy , Repression, Psychology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Sibling Relations , Social Sciences , Social Welfare , Socioeconomic Factors , Sociology , Therapeutics , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Child Abuse, Sexual , Adaptation, Psychological , Divorce , Marriage , Child Abuse , Child Advocacy , Child Development , Child Rearing , Child Welfare , Mental Health , Child Health , Family Health , Liability, Legal , Parenting , Negotiating , Domestic Violence , Spouses , Feminism , Crisis Intervention , Single-Parent Family , Culture , State , Damage Liability , Public Attorneys , Whistleblowing , Dissent and Disputes , Depression , Dissociative Disorders , Employment , Family Conflict , Family Relations , Fathers , Resilience, Psychological , Forgiveness , Sexism , Physical Abuse , Gender-Based Violence , Social Oppression , Gender Stereotyping , Adverse Childhood Experiences , Family Separation , Sadness , Interpersonal Psychotherapy , Betrayal , Emotional Abuse , Models, Biopsychosocial , Gender Equity , Gender Role , Family Support , Family Structure , Handling, Psychological , Helplessness, Learned , Human Rights , Interpersonal Relations , Learning Disabilities , Maternal Deprivation , Mothers , Dissociative Identity Disorder , Object AttachmentABSTRACT
O brincar é uma atividade importante para o desenvolvimento infantil, porque melhora aspectos cognitivos, emocionais e físicos. Além disso, jogos e brincadeiras podem ser explorados como recurso educacional. Partindo do entendimento da ludicidade enquanto um processo subjetivo, este trabalho investigou a relação com o saber estabelecida durante as brincadeiras, buscando compreendê-las em suas dimensões epistêmica, social e identitária. Dezesseis estudantes do 5º ano do ensino fundamental foram entrevistados a partir de um roteiro baseado no instrumento "balanço do saber", proposto por Bernard Charlot. As questões foram adaptadas para possibilitar apreender o que as crianças dizem aprender durante as brincadeiras em que participam, com ênfase naquelas realizadas em sala de aula. Os resultados da análise de conteúdo realizada mostraram que, apesar de existirem conflitos sobre como se estabelecem as funções lúdica e educativa, quando a brincadeira infantil é utilizada como recurso pedagógico, os sujeitos podem identificar benefícios no processo de aprendizagem por meio dela. Aponta-se, também, a necessidade de considerar a condição social da criança no ambiente escolar para o sucesso ao utilizar essas atividades como práticas pedagógicas.(AU)
Child's play is an important activity for child development since it improves cognition, emotional, and physical aspects. Games can also be explored as an educational resource. Starting from the understanding that playfulness is a subjective process, this work has investigated the relationship to the knowledge stablished during games, aiming to understand it in its epistemic, social, and identitary dimensions. A group of 16 5th grade students were interviewed from a script based on the instrument "balance of knowledge," as proposed by Bernard Charlot. The questions were adapted to enable the apprehension of what children say they learn on the games they play, emphasizing those which are played in classrooms. The results of the content analysis performed have showed that, despite the conflicts on how both playful and educative functions are stablished when child's play is used as a pedagogic resource, the subjects can identify benefits on the process of learning with it. The need to consider the child's social condition in the school environment to reach success when using these activities as pedagogical practices is also pointed out.(AU)
Jugar es una actividad importante para el desarrollo de los niños, porque mejora aspectos cognitivos, emocionales y físicos. Por tanto, los juegos son explorados como recurso educativo. Partiendo de la comprensión de que lo lúdico es un proceso subjetivo, este trabajo analizó la relación con el saber que se establece durante el juego, con el objetivo de comprenderlo en sus dimensiones epistémica, social e identitaria. Se entrevistó a dieciséis estudiantes de quinto grado a partir de un guion basado en el instrumento "balance del saber" propuesto por Bernard Charlot. Las preguntas fueron adaptadas para permitir la aprehensión de lo que los niños dicen que aprenden en sus juegos, enfatizando los que se juegan en las aulas. Los resultados del análisis de contenido realizado mostraron que, a pesar de que existen conflictos sobre cómo se establecen ambas funciones lúdica y educativa cuando se utiliza el juego infantil como recurso pedagógico, los niños pueden identificar beneficios en el proceso de aprendizaje a través del juego. Se señala la necesidad de considerar la condición social del niño en el entorno escolar para alcanzar el éxito al utilizar estas actividades como prácticas pedagógicas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Play and Playthings , Play Therapy , Schools , Educational Status , Personality , Aptitude , Psychology , Psychology, Educational , Quality of Life , School Health Services , Social Environment , Social Perception , Sports , Task Performance and Analysis , Teaching , Temperament , Time and Motion Studies , Underachievement , Shyness , Symbolism , Adaptation, Psychological , Exercise , Attitude , Family , Child Advocacy , Child Care , Child Guidance , Child Welfare , Mental Health , Negotiating , Interview , Animation , Instructional Film and Video , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Drawing , Creativity , Culture , Trust , Growth and Development , Ego , Empathy , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Exploratory Behavior , Fantasy , Sunbathing , Pleasure , Sedentary Behavior , Executive Function , Social Skills , Spatial Learning , Games, Recreational , School Teachers , Interdisciplinary Placement , Freedom , Frustration , Solidarity , Social Interaction , Happiness , Hobbies , Holistic Health , Imagination , Individuality , Intelligence , Leadership , Leisure Activities , Memory , Mental Processes , Motivation , Motor Skills , Movement , Music , Nonverbal CommunicationABSTRACT
Apesar das crescentes investigações sobre uso de telas na infância, essa é uma temática complexa e ainda recente, que traz diversos desafios para pesquisadores e cuidadores. Comunidades virtuais em redes sociais são utilizadas por mães e pais para esclarecer dúvidas e receber conselhos acerca da parentalidade e saúde infantil, podendo, simultaneamente, assumir uma função prescritiva e normativa quanto ao seu modo de agir. Sendo assim, este artigo pretende compreender como o uso de telas na infância vem sendo abordado por especialistas em grupos de mães e pais no Facebook. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo envolvendo 49 postagens de especialistas, sobretudo psicólogos e educadores, extraídas de cinco grupos públicos de mães e pais nessa rede social. Os textos das publicações foram verificados por meio de análise temática e discutidos com base no referencial teórico psicanalítico. Os resultados mostraram que os especialistas destacam os possíveis prejuízos do uso de telas na infância, além de fornecer orientações aos pais sobre como lidar com sua presença no cotidiano das crianças e de suas famílias. Concluiu-se que apesar dos grupos de cuidadores no Facebook serem uma ferramenta de divulgação de informações acerca do uso de telas na infância, cabe não naturalizar a presença de especialistas nesses espaços virtuais criados por pais e mães, interpondo-se nos saberes e nas trocas horizontalizadas entre os cuidadores.(AU)
Although investigations on the use of screens in childhood are increasing, this is a complex and recent topic, which poses several challenges for researchers and caregivers. Virtual communities in social networks are used by mothers and fathers to clarify doubts and receive advice regarding parenting and child health, at times, simultaneously, assuming a prescriptive and normative role on their way of acting. Therefore, this study aimed to understand how the use of screens in childhood has been approached by experts in groups of mothers and fathers on Facebook. A qualitative study was carried out involving 49 posts from specialists, mainly psychologists and educators, extracted from five public groups of mothers and fathers in this social network. The publications' texts were verified via thematic analysis and discussed based on the psychoanalytical theoretical framework. The results showed that experts highlight the possible damage of the use of screens in childhood, in addition to providing guidance to parents on how to deal with the presence of digital technology in the daily lives of children and families. It was concluded that, although caregivers' groups on Facebook are a tool for disseminating information about the use of screens in childhood, it is important not to naturalize the presence of specialists in these virtual spaces created by fathers and mothers, interposing in the horizontally interchanges that occur between the caregivers.(AU)
A pesar de las crecientes investigaciones sobre el uso de pantallas en la infancia, este es un tema complejo y aún reciente, que plantea varios desafíos para investigadores y cuidadores. Las comunidades virtuales en las redes sociales son utilizadas por madres y padres para aclarar dudas y recibir consejos sobre educación y salud infantil, pudiendo, al mismo tiempo, asumir un rol prescriptivo y normativo sobre su forma de actuar. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender cómo el uso de las pantallas en la infancia ha sido abordado por especialistas en grupos de madres y padres en Facebook. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo a partir de 49 publicaciones de especialistas, principalmente de psicólogos y educadores, extraídas de cinco grupos públicos de madres y padres en esta red social. Se realizó en los textos de las publicaciones un análisis temático y se utilizó el marco teórico psicoanalítico. Los resultados mostraron que los expertos destacan posibles daños que provoca el uso de pantallas en la infancia, además de orientar a los padres sobre cómo afrontar esta presencia de la tecnología digital en el día a día de los niños y sus familias. Se concluyó que, a pesar de que los grupos de cuidadores en Facebook son una herramienta de difusión de información sobre el uso de pantallas en la infancia, es importante no naturalizar la presencia de especialistas en estos espacios virtuales creados por padres y madres que se interpone entre los saberes e intercambios horizontales de los cuidadores.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychoanalysis , Child , Social Networking , Anxiety , Parent-Child Relations , Pediatrics , Personality Development , Personality Disorders , Play and Playthings , Psychology , Psychology, Educational , Aspirations, Psychological , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Schools , Autistic Disorder , Sleep , Achievement , Social Change , Social Isolation , Socialization , Sports , Stress, Physiological , Technology , Television , Thinking , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Behavior Therapy , Books, Illustrated , Neurosciences , Bereavement , Exercise , Child Behavior , Child Care , Child Development , Child Guidance , Child Health Services , Child Rearing , Child Welfare , Mental Health , Child Health , Parenting , Negotiating , Caregivers , Health Personnel , Cognition , Communication , Early Intervention, Educational , Video Games , Internet , Creativity , Affect , Threshold Limit Values , Cultural Characteristics , Cybernetics , Metabolic Syndrome , Moral Development , Cell Phone , Depression , Diabetes Mellitus , Educational Status , Emotions , User Embracement , Population Studies in Public Health , Overweight , Child Nutrition , Failure to Thrive , Fantasy , Sunbathing , Emotional Intelligence , Sedentary Behavior , Video-Audio Media , Pediatric Obesity , Mobile Applications , Social Skills , Courage , Sociological Factors , Emotional Adjustment , Literacy , Neurodevelopmental Disorders , Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder , Games, Recreational , Cell Phone Use , Frustration , Internet Addiction Disorder , Social Interaction , COVID-19 , Technology Addiction , Happiness , Helplessness, Learned , Hobbies , Hospitals, Maternity , Hypertension , Imagination , Individuality , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Language Development Disorders , Learning , Learning Disabilities , Leisure Activities , Life Style , Mother-Child Relations , Motor Activity , Nonverbal CommunicationABSTRACT
A luta pela terra e seu uso incide na forma como as subjetividades têm sido produzidas no Brasil. No contexto capitalista, patriarcal e machista, vive-se um processo de exploração da mão de obra de mulheres e de recursos naturais da Terra. Este estudo objetivou conhecer histórias de vida de mulheres agricultoras rurais que participam de movimentos sociais agroecológicos no Rio Grande do Sul. Participaram do estudo três mulheres agricultoras, com idades entre 21 e 53 anos, residentes e trabalhadoras em zonas rurais das cidades de Viamão e Rolante, escolhidas por conveniência. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: questionário sociodemográfico, entrevista de história de vida e observação participante, os quais foram, posteriormente, submetidos à análise temática. Os resultados demonstram que as histórias de vida das mulheres relatadas são marcadas por lutas e formas de resistência. Para além das situações de conflitos e falta de recursos, avistam-se questões próprias de gênero, como a invisibilidade feminina e a desigualdade no acesso à terra por mulheres. A construção de base e o fortalecimento do papel político das mulheres nos movimentos sociais permite inferir que existem melhorias significativas nas desigualdades e injustiças no meio rural. Contudo, pontua-se a necessidade de se promover o diálogo entre os movimentos sociais, as mulheres e a sociedade política sobre os modelos atuais de políticas públicas existentes, possibilitando, assim, avançar nas discussões a respeito da promoção da equidade de gênero nos espaços rurais, bem como potencializar o avanço das práticas agroecológicas em direção à superação do capitalismo.(AU)
The struggle for land and its use affects the way subjectivities have been produced in Brazil. In the capitalist, patriarchal, and male-chauvinist context, women's labor and the Earth's natural resources are strongly exploited. This study aimed to know the life stories of female farmers who participate in agroecological social movements in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Three female farmers, aged from 21 to 53, residents and workers in rural areas of the municipalities of Viamão and Rolante, chosen by convenience, participated in the study. The instruments used were: sociodemographic questionnaire, a life story interview, and participant observation, which were later subjected to thematic analysis. The results show that the participants' life stories are marked by struggles and means of resistance. In addition to conflicts and lack of resources, there are specific gender issues, such as female invisibility and inequality in women's access to land. The grassroots construction and the strengthening of the political role of women in social movements allow us to infer that there are significant improvements in inequalities and injustices in rural areas. However, it is necessary to promote dialogue between social movements, women, and political society about the current models of existing public policies, thus making it possible to advance in discussions about gender equity in rural spaces, as well as to enhance the advancement of agroecological practices to overcoming capitalism.(AU)
La lucha por la tierra y su uso afecta a la forma en que se han producido las subjetividades en Brasil. En el contexto capitalista, patriarcal y machista, hay un proceso de explotación del trabajo de las mujeres y de los recursos naturales de la tierra. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer las historias de vida de agricultoras rurales que participan en movimientos sociales agroecológicos en Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). Participaron en el estudio tres agricultoras, de entre 21 y 53 años, residentes y trabajadoras en áreas rurales de las ciudades de Viamão y Rolante, elegidas por conveniencia. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: cuestionario sociodemográfico, entrevista de historia de vida y observación participante, cuyos datos posteriormente se sometieron a análisis temático. Los resultados muestran que las historias de vida de las mujeres relatadas están marcadas por luchas y formas de resistencia. A las situaciones de conflicto y falta de recursos se suman cuestiones específicas de género, como la invisibilidad femenina y la desigualdad en el acceso de las mujeres a la tierra. La construcción popular y el fortalecimiento del papel político de las mujeres en los movimientos sociales permiten inferir que hay mejoras significativas en las desigualdades e injusticias en las zonas rurales. Sin embargo, es necesario promover el diálogo entre los movimientos sociales, las mujeres y la sociedad sobre los modelos actuales de las políticas públicas existentes, para posibilitar avances en las discusiones sobre la promoción de la equidad de género en los espacios rurales y potenciar el avance de las prácticas agroecológicas hacia la superación del capitalismo.(AU)