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1.
Andrologia ; 53(8): e14089, 2021 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34137055

ABSTRACT

JNK/ Bcl-2/ Bax pathway participates in corpus cavernosal smooth muscle cells apoptosis during early period after cavernosal nerve (CN) crush injury (CNCI). Nevertheless, the regulation mechanisms of long noncoding RNA H19 in apoptosis during early stage after CN injury are still poorly understood. The rats in sham group were not direct injury to the CNs. The rats in CNCI group were performed to bilateral CN crush injury. The ICP/MAP rate and smooth muscle content were significantly lower than that in the sham group. Primary CCSMCs were prepared from the tissues samples after completing erectile function detection. Phosphorylated-JNK level was increased significantly, and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was elevated and declined in CNCI group respectively. Except for Bcl-2, the mRNA levels of H19, JNK and Bax were significantly increased in CNCI group. After H19 siRNA transfection, for the mRNA and protein levels, JNK and Bax were declined, while Bcl-2 was enhanced. LncRNA H19 might be involved in regulation of Bcl-2, Bax via JNK signalling pathway in CCSMCs apoptosis after CN injury.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis , MAP Kinase Signaling System , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology , Parasympathetic Nervous System/injuries , RNA, Long Noncoding , Animals , Erectile Dysfunction , Male , Penis , RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
3.
Nat Commun ; 8: 14155, 2017 01 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28128201

ABSTRACT

The parasympathetic nervous system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation. Catheter ablation, a minimally invasive procedure deactivating abnormal firing cardiac tissue, is increasingly becoming the therapy of choice for atrial fibrillation. This is inevitably associated with the obliteration of cardiac cholinergic neurons. However, the impact on ventricular electrophysiology is unclear. Here we show that cardiac cholinergic neurons modulate ventricular electrophysiology. Mechanical disruption or pharmacological blockade of parasympathetic innervation shortens ventricular refractory periods, increases the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and decreases ventricular cAMP levels in murine hearts. Immunohistochemistry confirmed ventricular cholinergic innervation, revealing parasympathetic fibres running from the atria to the ventricles parallel to sympathetic fibres. In humans, catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation, which is accompanied by accidental parasympathetic and concomitant sympathetic denervation, raises the burden of premature ventricular complexes. In summary, our results demonstrate an influence of cardiac cholinergic neurons on the regulation of ventricular function and arrhythmogenesis.


Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation/surgery , Catheter Ablation/adverse effects , Cholinergic Neurons/physiology , Heart Ventricles/innervation , Parasympathetic Nervous System/physiopathology , Aged , Animals , Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology , Cholinergic Neurons/drug effects , Cyclic AMP/metabolism , Disease Susceptibility/physiopathology , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography , Female , Heart Atria/physiopathology , Heart Rate/drug effects , Heart Rate/physiology , Heart Ventricles/metabolism , Heart Ventricles/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Middle Aged , Neurotransmitter Agents/pharmacology , Parasympathetic Nervous System/drug effects , Parasympathetic Nervous System/injuries , Retrospective Studies , Ventricular Function/drug effects , Ventricular Function/physiology
4.
J Neurotrauma ; 32(19): 1429-40, 2015 Oct 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25646580

ABSTRACT

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in varying degrees of disability in a significant number of persons annually. The mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction after TBI have been explored in both animal models and human clinical studies for decades. Dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic dysfunction has been described in many previous reports. In addition, cholinergic dysfunction has also been a familiar topic among TBI researchers for many years. Although pharmacological agents that modulate cholinergic neurotransmission have been used with varying degrees of success in previous studies, improving their function and maximizing cognitive recovery is an ongoing process. In this article, we review the previous findings on the biological mechanism of cholinergic dysfunction after TBI. In addition, we describe studies that use both older agents and newly developed agents as candidates for targeting cholinergic neurotransmission in future studies.


Subject(s)
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy , Brain Injuries/drug therapy , Brain Injuries/pathology , Cholinergic Agents/therapeutic use , Parasympathetic Nervous System/pathology , Animals , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Brain Injuries/complications , Humans , Parasympathetic Nervous System/injuries , Synaptic Transmission
5.
Zentralbl Chir ; 139(4): 381-3, 2014 Aug.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25119575

ABSTRACT

AIM: The Performance of an oncological low anterior rectum resection with preservation of the sympathic and parasympathic nerves is illustrated. INDICATION: The total mesorectal excision (TME) by Robert Heald et al. is the gold standard for rectal cancer operations which has lowered drastically the local recurrence rate. As the survival data improve, the new focus is the postoperative quality of life with preserving of the bladder and sexual function. METHOD: We demonstrate an anterior rectal cancer operation with preserving of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves step by step. CONCLUSION: The critical parts of preserving the nerves with the N. hypogastricus superior and inferior as well as the neurovascular bundle "erigent pillar" are demonstrated.


Subject(s)
Parasympathetic Nervous System/surgery , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Rectum/innervation , Rectum/surgery , Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/prevention & control , Sympathetic Nervous System/surgery , Urinary Incontinence/prevention & control , Aged , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Hypogastric Plexus/injuries , Hypogastric Plexus/surgery , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Neoplasm Staging , Parasympathetic Nervous System/injuries , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Rectum/pathology , Sympathetic Nervous System/injuries
6.
Scand J Gastroenterol ; 46(6): 678-83, 2011 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21561284

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Injury to pelvic sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves from surgical and obstetrical trauma has long been cited as a cause for abnormal colorectal motility in humans. Using a rat model, acute transaction of these extrinsic nerves has been shown to effect colorectal motility. The aim of this study is to determine in a rat model how transection of these extrinsic nerves affects colonic transit over time. METHODS: Eighty-two Sprague-Dawley rats underwent placement of a tunneled catheter into the proximal colon. Bilateral hypogastric, pelvic nerves (HGN and PN) or both were transected in 66 rats. The remaining 16 rats received a sham operation. Colonic transit was evaluated at postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, and 7 by injecting and calculating the geometric center (GC) of the distribution of (51)Cr after 3 h of propagation. RESULTS: At POD 1, transection of PNs significantly delayed colonic transit (GC = 4.9, p < 0.05), while transection of HGNs (GC = 8.5, p < 0.05) or transection of both nerves (GC = 7.8, p < 0.05) significantly accelerated colonic transit, when compared with sham operation (GC = 6.0). A significant trend toward recovery was noted in both the HGN and PN transection groups at POD 7. CONCLUSIONS: Damage to the extrinsic sympathetic and/or parasympathetic PNs affects colonic transit acutely. These changes in large bowel motor function normalize over time implicating a compensatory mechanism within the bowel itself.


Subject(s)
Colon/physiology , Gastrointestinal Transit/physiology , Hypogastric Plexus/injuries , Parasympathetic Nervous System/injuries , Trauma, Nervous System/physiopathology , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Male , Pelvis/innervation , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Recovery of Function
8.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol ; 70(3): 195-205, 2009 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18926716

ABSTRACT

With the concept of the improvement of quality of life in the field of surgical oncology, recent studies have questioned the place of radical hysterectomy (RH) in the treatment of cervical carcinoma due to a high rate of long-term postoperative complications involving the pelvic autonomic nerve system. It has been demonstrated that RH frequently causes bladder dysfunction, anorectal mobility disorders, and sexual dissatisfaction in cervical cancer survivors due to surgical trauma involving the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomous innervation of the pelvic organs. Nerve-sparing RH was first pioneered by Takashi Kobayashi in Japan and then other Japanese gynecologic surgeons introduced and improved this concept to Western countries. However, nerve-sparing RH has only become popular among gynecologic surgeons during the last two decades. Recently, European gynecologic surgeons modified this concept. Herein, a review of the evolution of nerve-sparing RH, a quick overview of long-term pelvic organ dysfunctions associated with RH, and the technical details of different authors and their oncological outcomes are presented. Today, the lack of randomized studies comparing the effectiveness and complications of RH with nerve-sparing RH is an important barrier to the widespread use of this concept. Nonetheless, while nerve-sparing RH still awaits prospective randomized trials in order to prove that its effectiveness is equal to or greater than that of conventional treatment modalities, and that is has fewer long-term complications, this surgical approach remains attractive for the patients and gynecologic oncologists based on the published results.


Subject(s)
Hysterectomy/adverse effects , Parasympathetic Nervous System/injuries , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Sympathetic Nervous System/injuries , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Female , Humans , Parasympathetic Nervous System/surgery , Sympathetic Nervous System/surgery
9.
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep ; 7(5): 417-22, 2007 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17764632

ABSTRACT

The dilated pupil can present a significant challenge to the clinician. Although in most cases a complete history and physical examination is sufficient to make an accurate diagnosis, selected patients will require further investigation, including pharmacologic testing and neuroimaging. This review outlines the physiology, clinical features, and diagnostic approach to the most important causes of the dilated pupil. Particular attention is given to recent publications on this topic.


Subject(s)
Anisocoria/diagnosis , Anisocoria/physiopathology , Iris Diseases/diagnosis , Iris Diseases/physiopathology , Mydriasis/diagnosis , Mydriasis/physiopathology , Anisocoria/etiology , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Autonomic Pathways/injuries , Autonomic Pathways/physiopathology , Humans , Iris/innervation , Iris/physiopathology , Iris Diseases/etiology , Mydriasis/etiology , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases/complications , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases/physiopathology , Parasympathetic Nervous System/injuries , Parasympathetic Nervous System/physiopathology , Tonic Pupil/diagnosis , Tonic Pupil/etiology , Tonic Pupil/physiopathology
10.
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 22(5): 370-3, 377, 2006 Oct 15.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17190154

ABSTRACT

The genital organ is innervated by autonomic and somatic nerve. The former is both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve and the later is comprised by sensory and motor fibers. The symptoms of male sexual dysfunction are sexopathy, erectile dysfunction, disorder of ejaculation and orgasm, and pianism. Not only different symptom but the same symptom can be induced by different injured nerve. The relationship between peripheral nerve injury and male sexual dysfunction should be understood correctly.


Subject(s)
Pelvis/innervation , Peripheral Nerve Injuries , Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/etiology , Trauma, Nervous System/complications , Erectile Dysfunction/etiology , Humans , Male , Parasympathetic Nervous System/anatomy & histology , Parasympathetic Nervous System/injuries , Peripheral Nerves/anatomy & histology , Spinal Cord Injuries/complications , Sympathetic Nervous System/anatomy & histology , Sympathetic Nervous System/injuries
11.
J Laryngol Otol ; 120(3): 178-80, 2006 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16460578

ABSTRACT

Duphenix first described gustatory sweating in 1757. The underlying pathogenesis was not appreciated until 1923, when Lucja Frey, a Polish neurologist, observed the phenomenon in a Polish soldier with an infected bullet wound in the parotid gland and suggested that the auriculo-temporal nerve played a role. Lucja Frey was born in Lwów, Poland, in 1889 and began her medical studies in Lwów before moving to Warsaw to work as a neurologist. She amassed a total of 43 publications on various neurological topics over her career. Unfortunately, during the Second World War she was enlisted into the Lwów ghetto, where she worked until her death in 1943. We present the history of Frey's syndrome, particularly the life of Lucja Frey and the syndrome she described.


Subject(s)
Sweating, Gustatory/history , History, 20th Century , Neurology/history , Parasympathetic Nervous System/injuries , Parotid Gland/injuries , Parotid Gland/innervation , Poland , World War II , Wounds, Gunshot/complications , Wounds, Gunshot/history
12.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 370-377, 2006.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-983228

ABSTRACT

The genital organ is innervated by autonomic and somatic nerve. The former is both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve and the later is comprised by sensory and motor fibers. The symptoms of male sexual dysfunction are sexopathy, erectile dysfunction, disorder of ejaculation and orgasm, and pianism. Not only different symptom but the same symptom can be induced by different injured nerve. The relationship between peripheral nerve injury and male sexual dysfunction should be understood correctly.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Erectile Dysfunction/etiology , Parasympathetic Nervous System/injuries , Pelvis/innervation , Peripheral Nerve Injuries , Peripheral Nerves/anatomy & histology , Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/etiology , Spinal Cord Injuries/complications , Sympathetic Nervous System/injuries , Trauma, Nervous System/complications
13.
Physiol Genomics ; 18(1): 108-18, 2004 Jun 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15084711

ABSTRACT

Previous studies showed that loss of muscarinic parasympathetic input to the lacrimal gland (LG) leads to a dramatic reduction in tear secretion and profound changes to LG structure. In this study, we used DNA microarrays to examine the regulation of the gene expression of the genes for secretory function and organization of the LG. Long-Evans rats anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine/xylazine (80:10 mg/kg) underwent unilateral sectioning of the greater superficial petrosal nerve, the input to the pterygopalatine ganglion. After 7 days, tear secretion was measured, the animals were killed, and structural changes in the LG were examined by light microscopy. Total RNA from control and experimental LGs (n = 5) was used for DNA microarray analysis employing the U34A GeneChip. Three statistical algorithms (detection, change call, and signal log ratio) were used to determine differential gene expression using the Microarray Suite (5.0) and Data Mining Tools (3.0). Tear secretion was significantly reduced and corneal ulcers developed in all experimental eyes. Light microscopy showed breakdown of the acinar structure of the LG. DNA microarray analysis showed downregulation of genes associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, including genes involved in protein folding and processing. Conversely, transcripts for cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix components, inflammation, and apoptosis were upregulated. The number of significantly upregulated genes (116) was substantially greater than the number of downregulated genes (49). Removal of the main secretory input to the rat LG resulted in clinical symptoms associated with severe dry eye. Components of the secretory pathway were negatively affected, and the increase in cell proliferation and inflammation may lead to loss of organization in the parasympathectomized lacrimal gland.


Subject(s)
Gene Expression Profiling , Lacrimal Apparatus/metabolism , Parasympathectomy , Parasympathetic Nervous System/physiology , Algorithms , Animals , Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic/physiology , Cell Division , Corneal Ulcer/etiology , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Gene Expression Regulation , Inflammation , Lacrimal Apparatus/innervation , Male , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Parasympathetic Nervous System/injuries , RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Rats , Rats, Long-Evans , Receptors, Muscarinic/physiology , Tears/metabolism
14.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) ; 29(1): 33-4, 2001.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11449534

ABSTRACT

Two cases of auriculotemporal syndrome are presented in two male children that began in the first years of life to present reactions of linear erythema itinerary on the cheeks after eating several foods. The allergologic study with these foods was negative, reproducing the clinical picture after their ingestion.


Subject(s)
Cheek/innervation , Extraction, Obstetrical/adverse effects , Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Obstetrical Forceps , Sweating, Gustatory/diagnosis , Trigeminal Nerve Injuries , Cheek/blood supply , Child , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Fruit/adverse effects , Humans , Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome/complications , Male , Mastication , Nerve Regeneration , Parasympathetic Nervous System/injuries , Sweating, Gustatory/etiology , Trigeminal Nerve/physiology , Zea mays/adverse effects
15.
Dig Dis Sci ; 46(2): 389-401, 2001 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11281190

ABSTRACT

Slow transit constipation (STC) is a severe motility disorder, which in the majority of cases is of unknown etiology. In some, symptoms arise de novo in childhood, but a proportion of patients present in later life, including after pelvic surgery or childbirth. Our aims were: (1) to describe our current knowledge of the anatomy and function of the pelvic autonomic nerves with respect to colonic motility (experimental and observational studies); (2) to discuss evidence for pelvic nerve injury in STC arising after pelvic surgery or childbirth; and (3), on the basis that such patients are clinically indistinguishable from patients with chronic idiopathic STC, to evaluate whether there is evidence that pelvic autonomic neuropathy has an etiologic role in patients with chronic idiopathic STC. The outcome was as follows: (1) The clear importance of the pelvic autonomic nerves in colonic motor function is documented. (2) While there is an association between pelvic surgery and childbirth, and the onset of STC, there is little direct anatomical evidence that pelvic denervation occurs in these patients. However the phenotype of these patients is similar to results of experimental and observational studies. (3) Clinical, physiological, and histological similarities exist between patients whose symptoms arose following pelvic intervention and those whose symptoms arise de novo (idiopathic). We further present evidence for possible pathogenetic mechanisms underlying pelvic autonomic neuropathy in chronic idiopathic STC.


Subject(s)
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/complications , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Constipation/etiology , Constipation/physiopathology , Gastrointestinal Transit/physiology , Hypogastric Plexus/injuries , Hypogastric Plexus/physiopathology , Parasympathetic Nervous System/injuries , Chronic Disease , Colon/innervation , Colon/physiopathology , Evidence-Based Medicine , Humans
17.
Arch Esp Urol ; 50(7): 729-34, 1997 Sep.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9412377

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to determine the changes in the neuro-andrologic profile of patients with impotence following rectal ablative surgery. METHODS/RESULTS: The study comprised 18 patients who had undergone rectal surgery: abdominoperineal resection of the rectum (AP) in 12 cases (67%), anterior resection of the rectum (AR) in 6 cases (33%). The pharmacologic erection test was negative in 60% of the patients (56% of the AP cases and 67% of the RA cases; differences not significant). Sympathetic lesion was demonstrated in 67% of the patients (50% of the AP cases and 100% of the AR cases; significant difference). Parasympathetic lesion was demonstrated in 38% of the patients (56% of the AP and in none of the RA cases; tendency towards statistical significance). Pudendal lesion was demonstrated in 83% of the patients, although no significant differences concerning pudendal involvement were observed between both types of surgery (92% of the AP group and 67% of the RA group). The frequency of the pudendal lesion was significantly greater than the parasympathetic lesion and the sympathetic lesion tended to be significantly greater than the parasympathetic lesion in patients undergoing ablative rectal surgery. No significant differences were observed between the pudendal and the sympathetic lesion in these patients. No relationship was observed between the type of neurologic lesion and the results of the pharmacologic erection test. CONCLUSIONS: The type of neurological lesion appears to be related with the level of the rectal surgery. The sympathetic innervation would be more frequently compromised in anterior resection of the rectum. The parasympathetic innervation would be more frequently compromised in abdominoperineal resection. The pudendal innervation would be affected by both types of surgical techniques.


Subject(s)
Erectile Dysfunction/etiology , Parasympathetic Nervous System/injuries , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Rectum/surgery , Sympathetic Nervous System/injuries , Aged , Erectile Dysfunction/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Penile Erection , Postoperative Complications/physiopathology
18.
Rhinology ; 35(1): 41-3, 1997 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9200264

ABSTRACT

The authors describe a case of gustatory rhinorrhoea that appeared one year after skull trauma with delayed facial palsy. Traumatic interruption and abnormal regrowth of salivary parasympathetic fibers is hypothesized. In order to explain the pathogenesis of this syndrome an anatomical review of the transpetrosal nerves is included. A review of the literature is also presented.


Subject(s)
Eating/physiology , Nasal Mucosa/metabolism , Parasympathetic Nervous System/injuries , Skull Fractures/complications , Adult , Facial Paralysis/etiology , Facial Paralysis/therapy , Humans , Male , Nasal Mucosa/innervation , Nerve Regeneration , Parasympathetic Nervous System/physiopathology , Salivary Glands/innervation , Tongue/innervation
19.
Eur Spine J ; 5(2): 121-4, 1996.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8724192

ABSTRACT

A 34-year-old woman suffering from chronic degenerative low back pain involving L5-S1 disc space, refractory to conservative treatment, underwent spinal fusion. A combined instrumented posterolateral, followed by anterior, interbody allograft fusion through a left retroperitoneal approach was performed. Postoperatively, the patient was unable to evacuate her bladder and control her micturition. Anal tone and sensation were intact. A self-catheterisation regime was instituted with a diagnosis of parasympathetic nerve injury during the anterior spinal fusion. After a period of 3 months, the patient regained control of urination. We report this case to highlight the importance of protecting the parasympathetic presacral nerve during L5-S1 anterior interbody fusion, as injury to this nerve affects urinary evacuation.


Subject(s)
Low Back Pain/surgery , Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery , Parasympathetic Nervous System/injuries , Sacrum/surgery , Spinal Fusion/adverse effects , Urination Disorders/etiology , Adult , Female , Humans
20.
Int J Colorectal Dis ; 5(4): 228-31, 1990 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2286807

ABSTRACT

A case control study compared the bowel habit of 91 post-hysterectomy women with paired controls from the same family doctor practice. More cases had an abnormal bowel frequency, a firmer stool consistency and assessed themselves as having abnormal bowel function, predominantly constipation after hysterectomy, than controls. Significantly more cases than controls had consulted a doctor because of constipation but there was no significant difference in laxative usage. There was a significant short-term association between decreased bowel frequency and increased urinary frequency after hysterectomy. This became highly significant in those patients who developed chronic symptoms. Oophorectomy, unilateral or bilateral, did not significantly affect bowel habit other than to intensify the change in stool consistency. The hypothesis is discussed that the post-hysterectomy effects on bowel and bladder function may have a common aetiology in a degree of autonomic denervation of both viscera.


Subject(s)
Constipation/etiology , Hysterectomy/adverse effects , Urination Disorders/etiology , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Chi-Square Distribution , Colon/innervation , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Ovariectomy/adverse effects , Parasympathetic Nervous System/injuries , Urinary Bladder/innervation
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