Microscopic evaluation of induced tooth movement after subluxation trauma: an experimental study in rats.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the histological alterations that occurred in the periodontal area of rat molars submitted to induced tooth movement (ITM) right after an intentional trauma (subluxation). METHODS: Forty adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were selected. The animals were divided into eight groups (n=5), according to the combination of variables: Group 1--control (neither trauma nor ITM); Group 2--ITM; Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6--dentoalveolar trauma groups corresponding, respectively, to 1, 3, 8 and 10 days after trauma; Groups 7 and 8 - the animals' molars were subjected to a 900 cN impact and, one and three days after the trauma event, tooth movement was induced. The rats' maxillary first molars were mesially moved during seven days with a closed coil (50 cN). After the experimental period of each group, the animals were sacrificed by anesthetic overdose and the right maxillas were removed and processed for histological analysis under light microscopy. RESULTS: In the animals of group 3, 4, 5 and 6, the histological alterations were not very significant. Consequently, the effect of induced tooth movement right after a subluxation event (groups 7 and 8) was very similar to those described for Group 2. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in the quality of periodontal repair when ITM was applied to teeth that had suffered a subluxation trauma.

Microscopic evaluation of induced tooth movement after subluxation trauma: an experimental study in rats

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the histological alterations that occurred in the periodontal area of rat molars submitted to induced tooth movement (ITM) right after an intentional trauma (subluxation). METHODS: Forty adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were selected. The animals were divided into eight groups (n = 5), according to the combination of variables: Group 1 - control (neither trauma nor ITM); Group 2 - ITM; Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 - dentoalveolar trauma groups corresponding, respectively, to 1, 3, 8 and 10 days after trauma; Groups 7 and 8 - the animals' molars were subjected to a 900 cN impact and, one and three days after the trauma event, tooth movement was induced. The rats' maxillary first molars were mesially moved during seven days with a closed coil (50 cN). After the experimental period of each group, the animals were sacrificed by anesthetic overdose and the right maxillas were removed and processed for histological analysis under light microscopy. RESULTS: In the animals of group 3, 4, 5 and 6, the histological alterations were not very significant. Consequently, the effect of induced tooth movement right after a subluxation event (groups 7 and 8) was very similar to those described for Group 2. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the quality of periodontal repair when ITM was applied to teeth that had suffered a subluxation trauma. .

OBJETIVO: avaliar as alterações histológicas ocorridas na área periodontal de molares de ratos submetidos à movimentação dentária induzida (MDI), logo após um trauma intencional (subluxação). MÉTODOS: quarenta ratos Wistar machos adultos (Rattus norvegicus albinus) foram selecionados. Os animais foram divididos em oito grupos (n = 5), de acordo com a combinação das variáveis: Grupo 1 - controle (sem trauma e sem MDI); Grupo 2 - MDI; Grupos 3, 4, 5 e 6 - grupos de trauma dentoalveolar correspondendo, respectivamente, para 1, 3, 8 e 10 dias após o trauma; Grupos 7 e 8 - os molares murinos foram submetidos a um impacto de 900cN e, de um e três dias após o evento trauma, o movimento do dente foi induzido. Os primeiros molares superiores dos animais foram movidos mesialmente durante sete dias, com uma mola fechada (50cN). Após período experimental de cada grupo, os animais foram sacrificados por overdose anestésica e as maxilas direitas foram removidas e processadas para análise histológica qualitativa. RESULTADOS: nos animais dos grupos 3, 4, 5 e 6, as alterações histológicas não foram muito significativas. Consequentemente, o efeito do movimento dentário induzido logo após um evento de subluxação (grupos 7 e 8) foi muito semelhante ao descrito para o grupo 2. CONCLUSÃO: não houve diferença na qualidade do reparo periodontal quando a MDI foi aplicada aos dentes que sofreram um trauma de subluxação. .

Abordagem multidisciplinar para o tratamento das sequelas de uma reabsorção radicular cervical / Multidisciplinary approach for treatment of cervical root resorption lesions

O presente trabalho relata o tratamento clínico integrado de uma seqüela de reabsorção cervical que evoluiu para fratura da coroa dentária, com a invasão do espaço biológico periodontal. Paciente de 14 anos de idade, do sexo masculino, relatando trauma no incisivo lateral direito na infância, apresentava sinais de reabsorção cervical severa, com comprometimento abaixo da junção esmalte-cemento associada a calcificação pulpar parcial. O exame clínico-radiográfico inicial sugeriu prognóstico duvidoso para o caso clínico, no entanto, uma extrusão ortodôntica radicular propiciou nova acomodação dos tecidos periodontais, além da exposição radicular adequada para reabilitação protética. O acompanhamento clínico evidenciou reabilitação protética associada à saúde periodontal, concluindo-se que a abordagem clínica multidisciplinar foi a chave para a resolução do problema.

The present study reports the clinical treatment of cervical root resorption lesions that progressed to crown fracture with biological width invasion. A 14-year-old male patient, reporting a dental trauma of the maxillary right lateral incisor presented signs of severe cervical root resorption with involvement of cemento-enamel junction associated with a partial pulp calcification. The initial clinical-radiographic suggested a doubtful prognosis. However, orthodontic root extrusion for six months improved the periodontal tissues and exposed properly the root for prosthetic rehabilitation. Clinical follow-up showed a satisfactory prosthetic rehabilitation associated with an excellent periodontal health, allowing us to conclude that the multidisciplinary approach was the key to solve the problem.

Lesão endoperio: apicectomia com abordagem palatina. Relato de caso clínico com 30 meses de acompanhamento

A fitoterapia é uma prática usada desde a antiguidade e, no âmbito odontológico, observa-se grande número de dentifrícios com extratos de plantas e produtos naturais incorporados em suas formulações, como Aloe vera e própolis, devido as suas propriedades anti-inflamatórias e antimicrobianas. Proposição: comparar a eficácia de um dentifrício com Aloe vera e própolis em sua formulação no controle da placa dental supragengival em relação a outro de uso difundido e sem esses componentes. Material a Métodos: foram analisados os índices de placa (IHOS – índice de higiene oral simplificado) em 30 pacientes divididos em três grupos, sendo o grupo I (apenas água e escova dental para higienização bucal), o grupo II (Colgate Ação Total) e o grupo III (Forever Bright Tooth Gel) nos dias zero e após 15 dias, tendo-se submetidos os dados a análise estatística comparativa, Teste de Fiedman (p < 0,0001) e Teste de Comparação Múltipla de Dunn’s (p < 0,05). Resultados: encontrou-se significância quando comparados os grupos I e II (p < 0,05) e os grupos I e III (p < 0,01), sendo que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante quando comparados os grupos II e III (p > 0,05). Conclusão: não houve desvantagem do dentifrício com Aloe vera e própolis em sua formulação em relação a outro dentifrício de uso difundido no controle de placa dental supragengival e o uso de dentifrícios pela população em geral é importante para suprir deficiências nas técnicas de higiene bucal através da ação de substâncias com ação efetiva no controle da placa dental e no intuito de evitar a desmotivação dos pacientes.

Princípios biológicos do tratamento endodôntico de dentes com polpa necrosada e lesão perirradicular / Biological principles of endodontic treatment of teeth with pulp necrosis and apical lesions

O profissional que pratica a Endodontia se depara rotineiramente com três condições básicas que requerem tratamento endodôntico: polpas vitais, polpas necrosadas e casos de retratamento. O sucesso do tratamento endodôntico depende do reconhecimento das idiossincrasias de cada uma destas três condições. Canais radiculares contendo polpa necrosada e lesão perirradicular representam um problema infeccioso e devem ser tratados de forma diferenciada dos dentes com polpa viva (sem infecção). O sucesso do tratamento endodôntico nestes casos vai depender do controle da infecção exercido pelo preparo químico-mecânico, medicação intracanal e obturação. Este artigo revisa os princípios biológicos do tratamento de dentes com polpa necrosada e infectada, visando fornecer ao clínico as condições para a melhora no resultado do tratamento endodôntico destes casos.

The clinician who practices endodontics routinely faces three conditions that require treatment: vital pulps, necrotic pulps and retreatment cases. The successful treatment of these three conditions depends on the recognition of their respective idiosyncrasies. Canals of necrotic teeth associated with apical periodontitis represent an infectious problem and should be treated differently from vital teeth (non-infected). The success of the endodontic treatment will depend on effective infection control promoted by chemomechanical preparation, intracanal medication and obturation. This paper reviews the biologic principles of the endodontic treatment of teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis, with the purpose to provide the clinician with better conditions to improve the treatment outcome.

Trauma oclusal e suas consequências periodontais e peri-implantares / Occlusal trauma and its periodontal and peri-implant consequences

Occlusal trauma since the past century, generates discussions about its real effect on the periodontium. This condition causes bone loss and tooth mobility, having been associated with periodontal disease. Researches carried out failed to prove that the occlusal trauma could act as etiologic factor for periodontal disease. Although few studies have been conducted in humans, the available studies have shown that occlusal trauma may interfere with the prognosis of periodontal disease, when both are present simultaneously and may impair treatment with dental implants. The aim of this review is to discuss critically the real role of occlusal trauma and its consequences to periodontium and dental implants.

An in vivo experimental model to assess furcal lesions as a result of perforation.

AIM: To design and validate a rat molar model of furcal perforation to allow investigation of the biological phenomena that follow and to explore its potential for evaluating repair materials under standardized conditions. METHODOLOGY: Eighteen male Wistar rats were used. Surgical aseptic procedures were carried out in order to open the pulp chamber of a first molar tooth. A cavity was prepared on the floor of the pulp chamber using a (1/4) round bur that created a communication between the furcation and the periodontal tissues. Six animals for each time point were sacrificed on days 14, 21 and 28 to assay morphological changes at the furcation region of molars. Maxillary bone was processed, removed and sectioned. Cellular infiltration, collagen deposition and bone resorption were assessed by histological analysis. Cellularity in the lesion area was determined by morphometric analysis. Data were analysed using parametric Student's t-test. RESULTS: A furcal perforation model was standardized in which both radiological outcome and periodontal tissue reactions could be assessed through evaluation of cellularity, osteoclast activity and collagen deposition. The morphometric analysis revealed a greater number of cells 21 day post-surgery when compared with 14 days. CONCLUSION: This animal model was suitable for radiological and histological evaluation of the processes that accompany surgical furcal perforation.

Occurrence of tooth injuries in patients treated in hospital environment in the region of Araçatuba, Brazil during a 6-year period.

Dental trauma has been considered as a public health problem that affects mainly children and youngsters and due to its impact on the patient's quality of life. This study presents the results of a 6-year survey of the occurrence and characteristics of dental trauma in patients admitted to the Service of Surgery and Oral and Maxillofacial Traumatology of the School of Dentistry of Araçatuba (UNESP, Brazil) after emergency care in hospital facilities in the region of Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. For such purpose, the clinical files of patients treated at the Service between 1999 and 2005 were reviewed. Information regarding gender, age, number of traumatized teeth, etiology and diagnosis of the trauma was collected from the files of patients with tooth injuries and recorded in case report forms specifically designed for this purpose. The results showed that from a total of 4112 patients admitted to the Service within the surveyed period, 266 (6.5%) had tooth injuries (172 males - 64.7%; 94 females - 35.3%). The total number of traumatized teeth was 496. Most patients belonged to the 16-20 year-old age group (20.3%) and the most frequent causes of tooth injuries were bicycle accidents (28.6%), motorcycle accidents (19.2%) and falls (18.8%). Injuries to the periodontal tissues were the most frequent type of tooth injuries (408 teeth; 82.26%), occurring in 118 primary and 290 permanent teeth. Among the injuries to the periodontal tissues, avulsion was the most common (32.86%) (29.41% for primary and 34.0% for permanent teeth), followed by extrusive luxation (19.15%) (25.21% for primary and 17.24% for permanent teeth). In conclusion, in the surveyed population, cases of tooth injuries were more frequent in males aged 16-20 years old due to cyclist accidents with predominance of injuries to the periodontal tissues, in particular, avulsions.

Lesões proliferativas não neoplásicas no periodonto: estudo epidemiológico / Non neoplastic proliferative lesions on the periodontum: an epidemiological study

Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico com 212 casos de lesões proliferativas não neoplásicas localizadas no periodonto, obtidas a partir do arquivo do Laboratório de Histopatologia Bucal da UNIGRANRIO, no período de Janeiro de 1994 a Julho de 2006. A idade, o sexo, a raça, a localização anatômica e o diagnóstico histopatológico foram analisados em lesões de fibroma ossificante periférico, granuloma periférico de células gigantes, granulomapiogênico e hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória. O granuloma piogênico foi a lesão mais frequente, sendo que 152 lesões (71,69%) do total das 212 estiveram na faixa etária entre 21 e 60 anos e apenas 19 (8,96%) estiveram acima dos 61 anos. A raça branca foi a mais prevalente com exceção dos casos de fibroma ossificante periférico. A maxila foi a localização anatômica predominante no granuloma piogênico e na hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória e a mandíbula mais frequente no fibroma ossificante periférico e no granuloma periférico de células gigantes.

An epidemiological study was performed on 212 cases of non neoplastic proliferative lesions on the periodontumobtaine in the archives of the Oral Histology Laboratory from Unigranrio, in a period between january of 1994 - july of 2006. Age, sex, race, anatomic localization and histopatological diagnostics were analysed in lesions of peripheral ossifying fibroma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, pyogenic granuloma and inflamatory fibrous hyperplasy. Pyogenic granuloma was the most frequent lesion, and 152 from 212 lesions were from individuals between 21-60 years old and only 19 cases were > 61 years old. Lesions in Caucasians were more prevalent, except in cases of peripheral ossifying fibroma. The maxilla was the predominant anatomic localization in cases of pyogenic granuloma and inflammatory fibrous hiperplasy, and the mandibula was the predominant site in cases of peripheral ossifying fibroma and in peripheral giant cell granuloma.

Influence of the type of dental trauma on the pulp vitality and the time elapsed until treatment: a study in patients aged 0-3 years.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of the type of trauma on the pulp vitality and the time elapsed until seeking dental care in children aged 0-3 years seen at the Baby Clinic of the Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP. A total of 1813 records were analyzed. Two hundred and three patients, corresponding to 302 traumatized teeth, were assessed clinically and radiographically. Hard-tissue injuries were the most frequent (52%), with a predominance of enamel crown fractures (41.4%), followed by concussions (12.6%) and intrusions (11.6%). Clinical and radiographic examination revealed that 72% of the traumatized teeth maintained pulp vitality. In the case of supporting-tissue lesions, 51.1% of the patients sought care within 1-15 days after injury, while in the case of hard-tissue injuries, 52.7% sought care only after 16 days. The results showed that supporting-tissue injuries had a significant influence on the faster seeking of dental care.

The effect of partial damage to the enamel-related periodontium combined with root resection on eruption of the rat incisor eruption.

Previous work has indicated that the enamel-related periodontium (ERP) has a role in the eruptive process of the rat lower incisor. By combining partial damage of this tissue with resection of the odontogenic organ, we examined the effect of the damage on subsequent incisor eruption. The connective tissue of the enamel-related periodontium was regenerated in less than 2 weeks, showing morphology close to normal. The injured part of the enamel organ was neither regenerated nor repaired, and a cement-like tissue, continuous with the true acellular cement, was formed on the denuded enamel. Before tooth exfoliation, the operated teeth erupted at a slower rate compared with root-resected and sham-operated incisors, probably because of the absence of a substantial part of the enamel organ due to surgical damage. As with the coronal dental follicle and the enamel organ in rat molars, the enamel-related periodontium and the enamel organ of rat incisors may have some control on their eruptive process.

Reabsorciones dentarias: un problema para el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y el pronóstico. Trabajo de divulgación científica. Parte II / Tooth resorptions: a problem for the diagnosis, treatment an prognosis. Scientific divulgation article. Part II

El presente trabajo de divulgación científica tiene por finalidad describir los distintos tipos de reabsorciones que afectan los tejidos duros del diente. Generalmente, estas patologías son difíciles de diagnosticar y de tratar y, en numerosas ocasiones, pueden comprometer la permanencia del elemento dentario en boca. Las reabsorciones se clasifican, según su ubicación, en dentinarias internas y cemento dentinarias externas y, por su etiología, en aquellas que se vinculan a factores físicos como los traumatismos y las presiones que sufren las piezas dentarias, a agentes infecciosos que provienen de la cavidad pulpar o del periodonto, a afeciones sistémicas y a causas idiopáticas. Se pone especial énfasis en la importancia de arribar al diagnóstico clínico-radiográfico a los fines de estabvlecer el pronóstico y el tratamiento adecuado (AU)

Reattachment of an autogenous tooth fragment in a fracture with biologic width violation: a case report.

An 11-year-old patient that fractured her maxillary left central incisor is presented. The fracture involved two thirds of the crown, compromising the pulp, and extended subgingivally on the palatal aspect, invading the biologic width. The procedure used to repair the fracture included flap surgery with a slight ostectomy and endodontic treatment. The reattachment of the tooth fragment and the restoration were performed with a bonding system and a resin composite. Examination 6 months after treatment revealed periodontal health, good esthetics, and normal function.

Oral trauma in Brazilian patients aged 0-3 years.

The aim of the present investigation was to gather data pertaining to dental trauma in 1654 patients aged 0-3 years, attended at the Baby Clinic of the School of Dentistry at Araçatuba-UNESP, Brazil. The prevalence of traumatic injuries was 16.3%. There was greater involvement of boys (62.6%), of children aged 1-2 years (39.9%) and of the maxillary central incisors (86%). Falls were more often the etiology for dental injuries (58.3%). There was a predominance of uncomplicated crown fractures (48.4%).

Reimplantes intencional para tratamento de fratura radicular longitudinal: caso clínico / Intentional replantation and reattachment for treatment of vertical root fracture: case report

Um elemento dental com fratura radicular longitudinal frequentemente está condenado à extraçäo. Entretanto, o reimplante intencional realizado com o objetivo de possibilitar o acesso a toda a extensäo da fratura e permitir a colagem dos fragmentos dentais com materiais adequados é uma alternativa terapêutica viável e com prognóstico favorável

Effect of root canal filling material and level of surgical injury on periodontal healing in dogs.

Some divergencies in the literature about periodontal healing after surgical injury stimulated the development of this experiment. The root canals of dogs' teeth were negotiated and filled by the lateral condensation technique with two kinds of sealers: Sealapex and zinc oxide-eugenol cement. In the second session, the bone tissue was exposed and one cavity was made at the apical third of the root and another at the border between the coronal and middle thirds, both penetrating into the root canal. Six months later the animals were sacrificed and the specimens prepared for histopathologic analysis. The results showed that the kind of filling material and the level of the periodontal wound exposing the root canal can influence the healing process.

Colagem transcirúrgica associando cimento de ionômero de vidro e resina composta / Trans-surgical bonding associated to glass ionomer cement and composite resin

Os autores relatam um caso de fratura do incisivo superior esquerdo de um adolescente de 16 anos, com invasäo do espaço biológico. A colagem do fragmento numa intervençäo transcirúrgica foi realizada, empregando a regularizaçäo do tecido periodontal com gengivectomia e ostectomia tendo a finalidade de restabelecer as distâncias biológicas. A associaçäo do cimento de ionomero de vidro e resina composta foi empregada no processo de colagem. A avaliaçäo após 1 ano mostrou um resultado altamente satisfatório em termos de saúde periodontal e do aspecto estético

Avaliação periodontal da região de furca: exame clínico X radiográfico / Periodontal avaliation of furca area: clinical and radiographic examinations

Os autores têm como objetivo analisar a eficiência dos exames clínico e radiográfico no diagnóstico de lesões de furca, bem como verificar o grau de coincidência ou não entre eles. Vinte pacientes da Clínica de Periodonia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Pernambuco foram selecionados, nos quais realizaram-se exames clínico e radiográfico nos molares presentes no arco. Para execução do exame clínico das furcas, utilizou-se a sonda de NABERS, e critérios preconizados por CARRANZA. A técnica de escolha para visualização e análise desta região foi a interproximal direita e esquerda, executada com o dispositivo. Os dados obtidos pelos exames detectaram um envolvimento da região de furca em 31 por cento e 29 por cento, clínico e radiográfico, respectivamente, tendo-se um alto grau de coincidência entre ambos. No exame clínico foi detectado molares com envolvimento de furca Grau I (26 por cento) e Grau II (5 por cento), enquanto que, no exame radiográfico, visualizou-se 13 por cento de dentes envolvidos com base na altura óssea e, 16 por cento além desta altura, imagem radiolúcida associada a área de furca. O diagnóstico da região de bi ou trifurcação deve ser feito associando-se os exames clínico e radiográfico