Tuberculosis peritoneal. Una forma de presentación poco frecuente de una enfermedad emergente en pediatría / Peritoneal tuberculosis. A rare form of presentation of an emerging disease in pediatrics

La tuberculosis constituye un importante problema sanitario, que afecta a un tercio de la población mundial. La localización pulmonar es la más frecuente, y es rara la presentación perito-neal. Las manifestaciones clínicas son inespecíficas, por lo que el diagnóstico requiere de un alto nivel de sospecha.Se comunica el caso de una adolescente de 13 años hospitali-zada por tuberculosis peritoneal. El objetivo es describir una forma poco frecuente de manifestación extrapulmonar de la infección por M. tuberculosis en la edad pediátrica y concien-tizar a la comunidad médica, en el contexto epidemiológico actual, sobre la reemergencia de esta enfermedad y la impor-tancia del diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos, así como de reforzar las medidas de control y prevención.

Tuberculosis constitutes an important health problem, affect-ing one third of the world's population. The pulmonary lo-calization is the most frequent one, being rare the peritoneal presentation. Clinical manifestations are non-specific so the diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion.The case of a 13-year-old teenager hospitalized for peritoneal tuberculosis is reported. The objective is to describe a rare form of extra-pulmonary manifestation of M. tuberculosis infection in the pediatric age and to sensitize the medical community, in the current epidemiological context, to the reemergence of this disease and the importance of timely diagnosis and treat-ment as well as strengthening control and prevention measures.

Peritonitis tuberculosa en un niño / Pediatric tuberculous peritonitis: case report

Resumen La peritonitis tuberculosa es una entidad infrecuente en la población pediátrica. Es una forma poco común de tuberculosis extrapulmonar y representa un muy bajo porcentaje de todos los casos de tuberculosis. Sus síntomas son inespecíficos, manifestándose usualmente con ascitis, dolor abdominal, fiebre y baja de peso. El retraso en su diagnóstico y tratamiento, dada su forma de presentación, puede incrementar su morbimortalidad. Se comunica el caso de una adolescente de 14 años, previamente sana, quien se presentó con fiebre y ascitis. La laparoscopia demostró múltiples nódulos en la cavidad abdominal compatibles con una tuberculosis peritoneal, la cual fue posteriormente confirmada por cultivo y biología molecular. La paciente completó su tratamiento antituberculoso recuperándose en forma satisfactoria.

Tuberculous peritonitis is an uncommon entity in the infant population. It is an uncommon form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and represents a very low percentage of all cases of tuberculosis. Its symptoms are nonspecific and usually manifesting with ascites, abdominal pain, fever and low weight. The delay in its diagnosis and treatment, originated by its form of presentation, can cause an increase in its morbidity and mortality. We report the case of a 14-year-old patient without concomitant disease or pulmonary tuberculosis, who presented with ascites and fever. Laparoscopy showed multiple nodules in the abdominal cavity compatible with peritoneal tuberculosis, which was subsequently confirmed by culture and molecular test. The patient completed her antituberculosis treatment recovering satisfactorily.

[Pediatric tuberculous peritonitis. Case report]. / Peritonitis tuberculosa en un niño.

Tuberculous peritonitis is an uncommon entity in the infant population. It is an uncommon form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and represents a very low percentage of all cases of tuberculosis. Its symptoms are nonspecific and usually manifesting with ascites, abdominal pain, fever and low weight. The delay in its diagnosis and treatment, originated by its form of presentation, can cause an increase in its morbidity and mortality. We report the case of a 14-year-old patient without concomitant disease or pulmonary tuberculosis, who presented with ascites and fever. Laparoscopy showed multiple nodules in the abdominal cavity compatible with peritoneal tuberculosis, which was subsequently confirmed by culture and molecular test. The patient completed her antituberculosis treatment recovering satisfactorily.

Tuberculosis extrapulmonar con compromiso peritoneal. Reporte de caso clínico y revisión de literatura / Extrapulmonary tuberculosis with peritoneal compromise. Case clinical report and literature review

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis accounts for a significant proportion of tuberculosis cases worldwide (about 20-25% of the cases). Nevertheless, the diagnosis is often delayed or even missed due to insidious clinical presentation and poor performance of diagnostic tests. Peritoneal tuberculosis is due to the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the peritoneum. It represents 0.7% of total cases of tuberculosis. This disease can mimic malignancy specially in women, because of its clinical presentation with ascites, weight loss and similar radiological sings. The phenomenon of migration, the increased use of immunosuppressive therapy and the epidemic of AIDS have contributed to a resurgence of this disease. We present the clinical case of a Haitian woman who presented ascites, abdominal pain and weight loss with radiological signs that suggested peritoneal carcinomatosis, in which further studies of ascitic fluid showed elevated adenosindeaminase, a specific and sensitive finding for tuberculosis. (AU)

[Abdominal Tuberculosis in children and adolescents. A diagnostic challenge]. / Tuberculosis abdominal en niños y adolescentes. Un desafío diagnóstico.

OBJECTIVE: To present our experience with abdominal tuberculosis in children and adolescents treated in our hospital from 2003 - 2014. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It is a retrospective study. We have collected clinical records of inpatients <20 years old who were admitted at Hipolito Unanue Hospital from January 2003 to July 2014, with diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. RESULTS: Among the overall 30 patients, 16 (53.33%) were female and 14 (46.67%) were male. The mean age of all patients was 16.5 years. The most common clinical features were abdominal pain in 29 (96.67%), fever in 26 (86.67%), ascites in 23 (76.67%) and loss of weight in 21 (70%). 63.33% of the patients were eutrophics, 13.34% were overweight or obese and only 23.33% suffered of malnutrition. TB contact was present in 10 (33.33%). Positive tuberculin skin tests were seen in 10%. Extra-abdominal tuberculosis was found in 22 patients (63.32%). 12 cases had coexisting pulmonary tuberculosis and 4 cases had pleural effusion. 12 patients (40%) had tuberculous peritonitis; 12 patients (40%) had intestinal tuberculosis and peritoneal tuberculosis and 4 patients (13.33%) had intestinal tuberculosis. Bacteriological confirmation of tuberculosis was achieved in 10 cases (33.33%). Antituberculous therapy for 6 months was effective in 29 cases. One patient died who multifocal tuberculosis with HIV had associated. CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal tuberculosis is seen in 4.37% of children affected with tuberculosis, of which over 63% will have extra abdominal manifestations. Abdominal tuberculosis should be considered in patients with abdominal pain, fever, weight loss and abnormal chest radiography. Imaging can be useful for early diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis.

Peritoneal tuberculosis. Report of seven cases.

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal tuberculosis (TB) is a misdiagnosed clinical entity of low frequency. Due to its rarity, it requires a high index of suspicion in clinical practice. Its incidence has been increasing in recent years. CLINICAL CASES: We present and analyze seven cases of peritoneal TB diagnosed and treated at four hospitals in Aguascalientes, Mexico during a 5-year period. Mean age of the patients was 47.5 +/- 6.5 years. There were six females and one male. Two patients had a history of treated lung TB. The most frequent clinical data were abdominal pain (six patients), ascites (four patients), and abdominal tumor (three patients). Symptom duration prior to surgery was 5.0 +/- 1.7 months. Abdominopelvic CT examinations revealed unilateral ovarian tumor in four patients, bilateral ovarian tumor in two patients, ascites in four patients, and retroperitoneal adenopathy in one patient. All female patients had elevated serum CA-125 levels with a median of 419 U/ml (range: 286-512 U/ml). All patients had a preoperative diagnosis of malignant tumor. All surgical procedures were elective and consisted of laparotomy with biopsy in three patients, laparotomy with salpingo-oophorectomy in two patients, and laparoscopy with biopsy in two patients. Diagnosis of TB was suspected in all cases during surgery. Mean hospital stay was 2 +/- 0.5 days. There was no postoperative morbidity or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Peritoneal TB is uncommon. Diagnoses should be considered in all patients with ascites, adnexal tumors and elevated serum CA-125 levels.

Tuberculosis peritoneal: informe de siete casos / Peritoneal tuberculosis: report of seven cases

Introducción: La tuberculosis peritoneal es una entidad clínica con baja frecuencia de presentación y por mucho tiempo casi olvidada de la práctica clínica. Casos clínicos: Presentación y análisis de siete casos con diagnóstico de tuberculosis peritoneal, tratados en cuatro hospitales de la ciudad de Aguascalientes, en un periodo de cinco años, que presentaron las siguientes características: edad promedio de 47.5 ± 6.5 años; seis de ellos del sexo femenino y uno del masculino. Dos pacientes tenían el antecedente de tuberculosis pulmonar. Los datos clínicos más relevantes fueron dolor abdominal en seis, ascitis en cuatro y dolor abdominal en tres. El tiempo de evolución promedio de los síntomas fue de 5 ± 1.7 meses. Los hallazgos tomográficos identificados fueron tumor ovárico unilateral en cuatro y bilateral en dos, ascitis en cuatro y adenopatía retroperitoneal en uno. A los seis pacientes del sexo femenino se les encontró niveles elevados de CA125, con mediana de 419 U/ml (286 a 512 U/ml). Se sospechó neoplasia maligna en el preoperatorio en todos los casos, por lo que fueron operados en forma electiva. Se realizó laparotomía con biopsia en tres, laparotomía con salpingo-ooforectomía en dos y laparoscopia con biopsia en dos. Se sospechó tuberculosis peritoneal al momento de la cirugía en todos. El promedio de estancia hospitalaria fue de 2 ± 0.5 días. No se presentaron complicaciones ni muertes hospitalarias. Conclusiones: La tuberculosis peritoneal es una enfermedad rara que se presenta cada vez con mayor frecuencia. Debe considerarse el diagnóstico en pacientes jóvenes con tumor anexial, ascitis y elevación de CA125.

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal tuberculosis (TB) is a misdiagnosed clinical entity of low frequency. Due to its rarity, it requires a high index of suspicion in clinical practice. Its incidence has been increasing in recent years. CLINICAL CASES: We present and analyze seven cases of peritoneal TB diagnosed and treated at four hospitals in Aguascalientes, Mexico during a 5-year period. Mean age of the patients was 47.5 +/- 6.5 years. There were six females and one male. Two patients had a history of treated lung TB. The most frequent clinical data were abdominal pain (six patients), ascites (four patients), and abdominal tumor (three patients). Symptom duration prior to surgery was 5.0 +/- 1.7 months. Abdominopelvic CT examinations revealed unilateral ovarian tumor in four patients, bilateral ovarian tumor in two patients, ascites in four patients, and retroperitoneal adenopathy in one patient. All female patients had elevated serum CA-125 levels with a median of 419 U/ml (range: 286-512 U/ml). All patients had a preoperative diagnosis of malignant tumor. All surgical procedures were elective and consisted of laparotomy with biopsy in three patients, laparotomy with salpingo-oophorectomy in two patients, and laparoscopy with biopsy in two patients. Diagnosis of TB was suspected in all cases during surgery. Mean hospital stay was 2 +/- 0.5 days. There was no postoperative morbidity or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Peritoneal TB is uncommon. Diagnoses should be considered in all patients with ascites, adnexal tumors and elevated serum CA-125 levels.

Peritoneal tuberculosis with gastric cancer: a case report / Tuberculosis peritoneal con cáncer gástrico: reporte de caso

This is a report of a case with both peritoneal tuberculosis and gastric cancer. Physicians should have a high index of suspicion of peritoneal tuberculosis if the patient is febrile with a past history of tuberculosis.

Este es el reporte de un caso con tuberculosis peritoneal y cáncer gástrico a la vez. Los médicos debáan tener un alto índice de sospecha de tuberculosis peritoneal si se trata de un paciente febril con antecedentes de tuberculosis.

Tuberculose peritoneal: relato de caso / Peritoneal tuberculosis: case report

A tuberculose peritoneal consiste num processo inflamatório crônico causado pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sua sintomatologia é inespecífica, com comprometimento sistêmico. É aqui descrito o caso de um paciente de 35 anos de idade, alcoólatra, portador de cirrose hepática. Seu diagnóstico foi definido após realização de biópsia peritoneal feita durante a laparotomia exploradora. Iniciou-se o tratamento preconizado e o paciente recebeu alta em boas condições clínicas.

Peritoneal tuberculosis with gastric cancer: a case report.

This is a report of a case with both peritoneal tuberculosis and gastric cancer. Physicians should have a high index of suspicion of peritoneal tuberculosis if the patient is febrile with a past history of tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis genital y CA-125 elevado / Genital tuberculosis and high CA-125 titles

Se presenta caso de tuberculosis genital en mujer joven con títulos altos de CA-125 y diagnóstico inicial de carcinomatosis peritoneal de probable origen ovárico. Se compara hallazgos con lo reportado en la literatura a tráves de los 20 años en Medline y se discute su tratamiento

Aspectos do diagnóstico por imagem da tuberculose peritoneal / Aspects of diagnosis imaging of peritoneal tuberculosis. Review articles and case report

Os autores apresentam o caso de paciente etilista crônico com tumor abdominal e ascite. Este estudo mostra as dificuldades diagnósticas na primeira fase da investigaçäo. A avaliaçäo ultra-sonográfica, associada à tomografia computadorizada do abdome, mostrou espessamento peritoneal difuso. Este achado foi de fundamental importância para o diagnóstico clínico e etiológico da tuberculose peritoneal. Além da apresentaçäo do caso, os autores revisam a literatura sobre o assunto.

Tuberculose peritoneal: Relato de um caso / Peritoneal tuberculosis: A case report

Os autores descrevem um caso de tuberculose peritoneal solucionado através de prova terapêutica. Tratava-se de menina de nove anos com ascite cuja punçäo mostrou líquido amarelo com elevaçäo de proteínas e predomínio de linfócitos. A evoluçäo foi favorável

Tuberculose peritoneal: relato de um caso e revisäo de literatura / Peritoneal tuberculosis: a case report and literature review

Os autores relatam um caso de tuberculose peritoneal em paciente do sexo masculino, de 65 anos de idade, que apresentava quadro de ascite, dor abdominal e emagrecimento progressivo há aproximadamente 4 meses. Foi tratado com esquema tríplice (rifampicina, isoniazida e pirazinamida), obtendo-se excelente resultado. Apresentam ainda, uma revisäo literária do assunto, enfatizando a importância do diagnóstico e tratamento precoce no prognóstico da doença e na sobrevida dos pacientes.

Tuberculosis abdominal / Abdominal tuberculosis

Se evaluaron 20 casos de tuberculosis (TBC) abdominal; de los cuales 10

[Abdominal tuberculosis]. / Tuberculosis abdominal.

20 cases of abdominal tuberculosis (TB) were evaluated; from these, 10% with intestinal TB without peritoneal involvement and 90% presenting TB of peritoneal localization. 80% of the patients showed clinical manifestation in other organs. Pleura-lung alterations were found in 83% of the cases after X-ray chest examination. The diagnosis of abdominal TB was based on finding of caseating tuberculoid granuloma (65%), anti-TB therapeutic response (30%) and positive observation of acid-fast bacillus in sputum (5%). The conclusions from this review are that: 1) Patients with chronic illness, negative cultures and clinical evidence of infectious etiology are highly suspicious; 2) Analysis of pathologic specimens was the most accurate diagnostic method; 3) when abdominal TB is suspected a stepwise methodology must be followed to confirm diagnosis; 4) Anti-TB therapy must be started as soon as diagnosis is confirmed.

Peritonitis nodular fibrocalcificada idiopática: descripción de un caso clínico / Fibrocalcificated nodular idiopathic peritonitis: description of a case

Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 51 años de edad, previamente sana, que debuta con una obstrucción intestinal, cuya causa está en una forma de peritonitis localizada, con formación de nódulos de antigua data, en los cuales es imposible, a través de diversos métodos, determinar su etiología. La revisión del caso nos ha llevado a un análisis de la bibliografía sobre este tema, concluyendo que no existen referencias similares