Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 30
Filter
2.
Cad Saude Publica ; 33(7): e00181016, 2017 Jul 27.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28767963

ABSTRACT

This article aims to contribute to a reflection on pesticides, based on the Brazilian legal framework, from the perspective of protecting human health and the environment. This initiative is due to successive attempts to flexibilize the regulation of pesticides in Brazil, through bills of law in progress in the Brazilian National Congress. An analysis of Bill of Law 3,200/2015 was carried out. This bill of law represents a major setback to the legislative achievements for the regulation of pesticides, in order to alert to the risks to human health from exposure to these products and aggravated by other similar proposals.


Subject(s)
Legislation, Drug/standards , Pesticides/standards , Pesticides/toxicity , Brazil , Government Regulation , Humans , Occupational Exposure , Public Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Risk Factors
3.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 33(7): e00181016, 2017. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-889709

ABSTRACT

Resumo: O presente artigo busca contribuir para uma reflexão sobre a temática dos agrotóxicos, à luz do arcabouço legal brasileiro, na perspectiva da proteção à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente. Tal iniciativa deve-se a sucessivas tentativas de flexibilização das normas de regulação de agrotóxicos no Brasil, por meio de projetos de lei em curso no Congresso Nacional. Para tanto, fez-se uma análise do Projeto de Lei nº 3.200/2015, que representa um dos maiores retrocessos às conquistas legislativas para a regulamentação dos agrotóxicos, de modo a alertar para os riscos à saúde humana frente à exposição a esses produtos e ao agravamento por outras propostas similares.


Abstract: This article aims to contribute to a reflection on pesticides, based on the Brazilian legal framework, from the perspective of protecting human health and the environment. This initiative is due to successive attempts to flexibilize the regulation of pesticides in Brazil, through bills of law in progress in the Brazilian National Congress. An analysis of Bill of Law 3,200/2015 was carried out. This bill of law represents a major setback to the legislative achievements for the regulation of pesticides, in order to alert to the risks to human health from exposure to these products and aggravated by other similar proposals.


Resumen: El presente artículo busca contribuir a una reflexión sobre la temática de los agrotóxicos, a la luz del marco legal brasileño, desde la perspectiva de proteger la salud humana y el medio ambiente. Esta iniciativa se debe a sucesivos intentos de flexibilización de las normas de regulación de agrotóxicos en Brasil, a través de proyectos de ley en curso en el Congreso Nacional. Se llevó a cabo un análisis del Proyecto de Ley 3.200/2015, que representa uno de los mayores retrocesos a las conquistas legislativas para la normativa de los agrotóxicos, para alertar sobre los riesgos a la salud humana frente a la exposición a esos productos y al agravamiento por otras propuestas similares.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pesticides/standards , Pesticides/toxicity , Legislation, Drug/standards , Brazil , Public Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Risk Factors , Occupational Exposure , Government Regulation
5.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci ; 368(1619): 20120378, 2013 Jun 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23610177

ABSTRACT

Agricultural frontiers are dynamic environments characterized by the conversion of native habitats to agriculture. Because they are currently concentrated in diverse tropical habitats, agricultural frontiers are areas where the largest number of species is exposed to hazardous land management practices, including pesticide use. Focusing on the Amazonian frontier, we show that producers have varying access to resources, knowledge, control and reward mechanisms to improve land management practices. With poor education and no technical support, pesticide use by smallholders sharply deviated from agronomical recommendations, tending to overutilization of hazardous compounds. By contrast, with higher levels of technical expertise and resources, and aiming at more restrictive markets, large-scale producers adhered more closely to technical recommendations and even voluntarily replaced more hazardous compounds. However, the ecological footprint increased significantly over time because of increased dosage or because formulations that are less toxic to humans may be more toxic to other biodiversity. Frontier regions appear to be unique in terms of the conflicts between production and conservation, and the necessary pesticide risk management and risk reduction can only be achieved through responsibility-sharing by diverse stakeholders, including governmental and intergovernmental organizations, NGOs, financial institutions, pesticide and agricultural industries, producers, academia and consumers.


Subject(s)
Agriculture/methods , Biodiversity , Conservation of Energy Resources/methods , Pesticides/standards , Agriculture/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil , Commerce , Ecosystem , Saccharum , Glycine max , Transportation , Tropical Climate
6.
São Paulo; s.n; 20/03/2013. 164 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1505292

ABSTRACT

O processo de avaliação do risco relacionado a substâncias químicas é utilizado no âmbito da segurança alimentar para a saúde humana, visto que diversas substâncias, tais como aditivos e, particularmente, contaminantes, como praguicidas e medicamentos veterinários, podem estar potencialmente presentes nos alimentos para consumo humano. Tradicionalmente, autoridades de diversos países recomendam limites máximos aceitáveis dessas substâncias nos alimentos, que são obtidos durante o processo de avaliação do risco. A Ingestão Diária Aceitável (IDA) é um exemplo desse tipo de limite máximo. Diversos critérios devem ser observados no estabelecimento da IDA, sendo que o julgamento científico do avaliador pode contribuir extensivamente na obtenção desse valor. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho é realizar uma análise crítica dos valores de IDA estabelecidos para praguicidas no Brasil, em relação às IDAs estabelecidas para os mesmos praguicidas pela Organização das Nações Unidas para Alimentação e a Agricultura / Organização Mundial de Saúde, na Europa e nos Estados Unidos (EUA), considerando o NOAEL, a espécie animal, a duração do estudo toxicológico, o endpoint selecionado e os fatores de incertezas aplicados, e suas implicações na avaliação do risco para a saúde humana quando da ingestão de resíduos de praguicidas em alimentos. Com essa avaliação foi possível verificar que não existe uma harmonização na determinação da IDA, assim como, dos parâmetros selecionados para sua determinação entre as agências. Além disso, a avaliação do risco para a saúde humana de 10 praguicidas selecionados mostrou que a exposição da população aos resíduos desses praguicidas em alimentos, em comparação as IDAs estabelecidas nas diferentes agências, pode resultar na consideração de riscos distintos, dependendo da IDA selecionada. Assim, a IDA não deve ser utilizada como único fator para a tomada de decisão para regulamentação destes praguicidas pelas agências que avaliam o risco para as populações expostas. Durante o gerenciamento do risco outros fatores, tais como o contexto sócio-econômico e político e a relação risco-benefício, devem ser considerados.


The risk assessment process is used in the context of food safety, since various chemicals such as additives and particularly contaminants, as pesticides and veterinary drugs, could potentially be present in food for human consumption. Traditionally, the authorities of several countries recommend maximum acceptable exposure limits of these substances in food, which are obtained during the risk assessment process. The Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) is an example of this kind of limit. Several criteria must be observed in the establishment of the ADI, and the scientific judgment of the evaluator may contribute extensively to obtain this value. In this context, the aim of this work is to perform a critical analysis of the ADI values established for pesticides in Brazil in relation to the same ADI for pesticides established by the World Health Organization (WHO), in Europe and in the United States of America (USA). The NOAEL, the animal species, the duration of toxicology studies, the endpoint selected and the applied uncertainty factors, and also the implications in risk assessment for human health of pesticide residues in food, were also considered. With this evaluation it was possible to observe that there is no harmonization in the establishment of the ADI, as well as in the parameters selected for the determination of ADI among agencies. Furthermore, the risk assessment of selected 10 pesticides showed that the population exposure to their residues in food, compared to the ADI established in different agencies, may result in different approaches to risks, depending on the ADI determined. Thus, the ADI should not be used as the only factor in decision making for regulation. During the risk management process, other risk factors must be considered, such as political, economic and social context and risk-benefit relationship.


Subject(s)
Risk Assessment , Pesticides/standards , Recommended Dietary Allowances/legislation & jurisprudence , Pesticide Exposure , Food Supply
7.
Int J Occup Environ Health ; 15(3): 255-68, 2009.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19650580

ABSTRACT

The WHO has advocated monitoring adherence to the Food and Agriculture Organization's Code of Conduct to reduce use of highly hazardous pesticides in lower and middle income countries. We re-framed Code articles in terms of farmers' rights and drew on survey data, farmer focus group results, and direct observations of agrochemical stores in Ecuador and Peru to construct indicators reflecting respect for such rights. Use of highly (Ia and Ib) and moderately (II) hazardous pesticides was common. Worse indicators were observed in places with lower education, greater poverty, and more use of indigenous languages. Limited government enforcement capacity, social irresponsibility of the pesticide industry, and lack of farmers' knowledge of the Code were all factors impeding respect for farmers' rights. Addressing the power imbalance among social actors requires informed farmer and farmworker participation in monitoring adherence and active involvement of non-governmental organizations and municipal governments.


Subject(s)
Agricultural Workers' Diseases/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Human Rights/standards , Occupational Exposure/standards , Pesticides/standards , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Ecuador , Female , Focus Groups , Health Surveys , Human Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Exposure/legislation & jurisprudence , Peru , Protective Devices/standards , Protective Devices/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult
8.
Rev. panam. salud p£blica ; 22(2): 83-90, Aug. 2007. tab
Article in English | MedCarib | ID: med-17320

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore pesticide regulation in Trinidad and Tobago, and to ascertain pesticide utilization and retailers' selling practices on Trinidad, which is the larger of twin islands that constitute the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Methods: Between February and June 2005, agrochemical retailers in Trinidad were surveyed about the most frequently sold pesticide and their knowledge and practices of pesticide sale. The Poisons and Toxic Chemicals Control Board of the Ministry of Health informed on legislature. Results: Of 107 actively trading licensed pesticide outlets, 97 participated (91 percent response rate) in the survey. Currently only 2.9 percent (21) of 720 registered products from four chemical classes are frequently utilized. Paraquat, methomyl, and alpha-cypermethrin (respective trade names are Gramoxone, Lannate and Fastac) from World Health Organization (WHO) Hazard Classes I and II, and glyphosate isopropylamine (Swiper, Class U) are the most frequently purchased pesticides. Pet shops constitute 39.2 percent (38) of retail shops selling pesticides. No regulations guide pesticide sale to agriculturists, and children may purchase them. Inadequate human and technical resources render legislative controls ineffective and disciplinary action against offenders is weak. Extensive governmental resources are employed in legislative procedures and product approval for the very low, 2.9 percent utlization rate, negatively impacting on monitoring pesticide sales. The Poisons Information Centre (PIC) does not liaise with the Poisons and Toxic Chemicals Control Board or provide educational interventions for the community. As a result of this survey, it was possible to develop the first database to include the chemical, brand and colloquial names of pesticide used in Trinidad and Tobago; WHO classification of approved pesticides; manufacturers; packaging and antidotes and their availability for use by the Board and health professionals in Trinidad. Conclusions: Urgent critical evaluation of legislation regarding pesticide imports and use, and partnership with the Rotterdam Convention are recommended for Trinidad and Tobago. A strengthened Poisons Information Centre can provide educational initiatives and information on early management of pesticide exposure (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Agriculture , Commerce , Government Regulation , Pesticide Utilization , Plant Poisoning , Pesticides/supply & distribution , Trinidad and Tobago , Pesticides/standards
10.
La Paz; Organización Panamericana de la Salud; 2006. 91 p. tab.
Monography in Spanish | LIBOCS, LIBOSP | ID: biblio-1318559

ABSTRACT

La Comunidad Andina de las Naciones, anteriomente llamda Junta de Acuerdo de Cartagena, tiene como proposito fundamental establecer un sistema de equilibrio institucional que sirva para armonizar los interes de los cinco paises andinos con el fin de lograr su desarrollo economico, equilibrado, armónico y compartido. En tal sentido, el Comite Técnico de Sanidad Agropecuria de la Comunidad Andina inicio en el año 1995, una serie de reuniones tendientes a la arminización del registro y control de plaguicidas Químicos de uso agrícola cuyo propósito fundamental fue orientar su uso y manejo correctos para prevenir y minimizar daños a la salud y el ambiente en las condiciones autorizadas y facilitar su comercio en la Subregión...


Subject(s)
Legislation , Pesticides/standards
11.
La Paz; OPS/OMS; 2006. 97 p. tab.
Monography in Spanish | LIBOCS, LIBOSP | ID: biblio-1304934

ABSTRACT

El presente trabajo, busca analizar las experiencias adquiridas en la implementación de la norma principalmente en Bolivia y Colombiay generar una serie de recomendaciones que permitan su aplicación total, especialmente en el uso y manejo correctos de dichas sustancias para prevenir y minimizar daños a la salud y el ambiente, sin dejar de lado, que estas recomendaciones deben hacerse extensivas a los subsectores de plaguicidas de uso pecuario, salud pública y doméstico, donde el mal uso y manejo pueden causar comparables efectos sobre la salud y el medio ambiente


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Animals , Legislation , Pesticides/standards , Bolivia
12.
La Paz; s.n; sept. 2005. [202] p. tab, graf.
Non-conventional in Spanish | LIBOCS, LIBOSP | ID: biblio-1301391

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del manual es facilitar la aplicación de la Decisión 436 en los Países Miembros e identificar los procedimientos y criterios de gradualidad y especificidad que permitan una interpretación armonizada de los requisitos establecidos en la decisión , orientación al desarrollo técnico científico del Registro de Plaguicidas


Subject(s)
Animals , Pesticides/standards , Bolivia
13.
La Paz; PLAGBOL; ago. 2005. 42 p. ilus.
Monography in Spanish | LIBOCS, LIBOSP | ID: biblio-1304840

ABSTRACT

El presente documento persigue describir de una manera didáctica y comprensible las actividades y experiencias del proyecto Plaguicidas Bolivia, se divide en dos partes: la primera destinada a mostrar la organización del proyecto y las instituciones participantes como ejecutoras, describiendo la conformación del mismo y el rol de cada una de ellas; la segunda parte describe las fases desarrolladas por el proyecto, desde el proceso de adquisición de bienes y contratación del personal


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Animals , Pesticides , Pesticides/standards , Bolivia
14.
Managua; MARENA; 2005. 57 p.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-425908

ABSTRACT

Presenta la Propuesta Legal sobre Reformas a la Ley 274, para cumplir con el Convenio de Estocolmo, con el objetivo de que los interesados lo tengan a su disposición como insumo para las acciones que deben realizar para el fortalecimiento de sus capacidades. Esta Ley tiene por objeto establecer las normas básicas para la regulación control de plaguicidas, sustancias, tóxicas, peligrosas y otras similares, así como determinar a tal efecto la comptencia institucional y asegurar la protección de las actividades agropecuarias sostenida, la salud humana, los recursos naturales, la seguridad e higiene laboral y del ambiente en general para evitar los daños que pudieren causar estos productos por su impropia selección, manejo y el mal uso de los mismos. Incluye el Reglamento de la Ley 274, Ley básica para la regulación y control de plaguicidas, sustancias tóxicas, peligrosas y otras similares


Subject(s)
Conservative Pollutants , Legislation , Organic Pollutants , Pesticide Exposure , Pesticides/standards , Hazardous Substances/standards
16.
Brasília; Funasa; nov. 2002. 32 p.
Monography in Portuguese | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-ACVSES | ID: biblio-1070887
17.
Rev. direito sanit ; 2(3): 9-35, nov. 2001.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-396139

ABSTRACT

Discute-se o Direito à saúde e a problemática dos agrotóxicos no Brasil e os deveres e responsabilidades do Poder Público e da coletividade para cumprir, adequar, atualizar e aplicar as normas sobre agrotóxicos integrantes do Sistema Jurídico brasileiro. Conclui-se que é necessário maior rigor na fiscalização, inspeção a aplicação de agrotóxicos, o reexame do art. 1º da Lei n.8.080, de 19-9-90, a revisão redacional da ementa e das normas dos arts. 1º e 8º da Lei n. 9.294, 15-7-96, e a reabertura de novos debates, junto ao Congresso Nacional e ao Poder Executivo, para os fins de reapreciação e restabelecimento das normas do art. 57 do Projeto de Lei n. 1.164/91 (transformado na Lei n. 9.605, de 12-2-98)


Subject(s)
Pesticides/adverse effects , Pesticides/standards , Right to Health
20.
Managua; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; nov. 1995. 22 p.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-178516

ABSTRACT

El presente taller se realizó con el objetivo de elaborar un diagnóstico de los contenidos de las asignaturas en el tema de plaguicidas y obtener sugerencias para mejorar las asignaturas conforme las recomendaciones de los participantes. Para tal fin, se envío con anticipación a cada participante un instrumento de diagnóstico de la asignatura preparado por la Comisión de revisión curricular de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas adaptado a los objetivos del taller


Subject(s)
Education, Continuing/organization & administration , Environmental Health Education , Educational Measurement/history , Pesticides/standards
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL