Synchronous and asynchronous tele-exercise for older adults: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial / Tele-exercício síncrono e assíncrono para pessoas idosas: protocolo de estudo para um ensaio clínico randomizado

Objective: Multicomponent physical training, carried out via tele-exercise, can contribute to a healthier lifestyle in the elderly. The objective is to present the intervention protocol of the "Idoso Ativo" (Active Older Adult) program via tele-exercise, synchronously and asynchronously. Method: This is a randomized clinical trial with two groups performing tele-exercise. Participant recruitment will be done via digital platforms, social media pages and printed leaflets distributed in the different regions of Distrito Federal. Both groups will perform exercises three times a week, lasting 50 min, and the intervention period will be 12 weeks. Discussion: The hypothesis is that the multicomponent exercise program offered online will provide improvements in muscular strength, balance and mobility in both groups. A higher adherence rate is expected in relation to the asynchronous group, and it is believed that the positive effects on physical health, minimizing the negative outcomes caused by inactivity, are present in participants in both groups.

Objetivo: O treinamento físico multicomponente, realizado via tele-exercício, pode contribuir para um estilo de vida mais saudável em pessoas idosas. O objetivo é apresentar o protocolo de intervenção do programa "Idoso Ativo" via tele-exercício, de forma síncrona e assíncrona. Método: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado com dois grupos realizando tele-exercício. O recrutamento dos participantes será feito via plataformas digitais, páginas de redes sociais e folhetos impressos distribuídos nas diferentes regiões do Distrito Federal. Ambos os grupos realizarão os exercícios três vezes por semana, com duração de 50 min, e o período de intervenção será de 12 semanas. Discussão: A hipótese é que o programa de exercícios multicomponentes, oferecido on-line, proporcionará melhora na força muscular, equilíbrio e mobilidade em ambos os grupos. Espera-se maior taxa de adesão em relação ao grupo síncrono, e acredita-se que os efeitos positivos na saúde física, minimizando os desfechos negativos causados pela inatividade, estejam presentes nos participantes de ambos os grupos

Greater muscle strength is associated with better hemodynamic parameters, physical, cognitive and kidney function in older nursing-home residents / Maior força muscular está associada a melhores parâmetros hemodinâmicos, função física, cognitiva e renal em idosos residentes em casas de repouso

Objective: To analyze hemodynamic parameters, kidney and cognitive function, and physical performance of institutionalized older adults with high- and low-strength. Method: Cross-sectional study. Twenty-one older adults (11 women, 10 men) participated in this study. Blood samples were collected for analysis of biochemical parameters. Cognitive function was evaluated using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), clock drawing test (CDT), and verbal fluency test, while physical performance was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and, blood pressure, heart rate, and Framingham Risk Score were evaluated. Result: Based on the median value, participants were divided into low-strength (81.63 ± 3.03 years) and high-strength (82.10 ± 2.11 years). The high-strength group showed significantly lower systolic (138.8 ± 3.6 vs. 116.5 ± 3.1; p<0.05), diastolic (84.9 ± 2.14 vs. 72.9 ± 2.2; p<0.05), mean blood pressure (102.2 ± 2.4 vs. 87.4 ± 2.4; p<0.05), and cardiovascular risk (39.7 ± 4.6 vs. 26.0 ± 3.5; p<0.05) than the low-strength group. In addition, the high-strength group had better HDL-c levels (27.4 ± 1.7 vs. 35.6 ± 3.4; p<0.05), higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (51.5 ± 4.9 vs. 86.2 ± 5.5; p<0.05), and lower creatinine (0.94 ± 0.1 vs 0.57 ± 0.1; p<0.05) than the low-strength group. For cognitive data (MMSE and CDT p<0.05) and physical performance (semi-tandem, tandem and walking speed p<0.05), the high-strength group had better scores compared to the low-strength group. Conclusion: Institutionalized older adults with high-strength has better hemodynamic parameters, physical performance, kidney and cognitive function than those with low-strength levels

Objetivo: Analisar os parâmetros hemodinâmicos, a função física, cognitiva e renal de idosos institucionalizados com alta e baixa força. Método: Estudo transversal. Vinte e um idosos (11 mulheres, 10 homens) participaram do estudo. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue para análise de parâmetros bioquímicos. A função cognitiva foi avaliada por meio do miniexame do estado mental (MEEM), do teste de desenho do relógio (TDR) e do teste de fluência verbal, enquanto o desempenho físico foi avaliado por meio da Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) e foram aferidas a pressão arterial, a frequência cardíaca e o escore de risco de Framingham. Resultado: Com base no valor da mediana, os participantes foram divididos em baixa força (81,63 ± 3,03 anos) e alta força (82,10 ± 2,11 anos). O grupo de alta força apresentou pressão arterial sistólica (138,8 ± 3,6 vs. 116,5 ± 3,1; p<0,05), diastólica (84,9 ± 2,14 vs. 72,9 ± 2,2; p<0,05), média (102,2 ± 2,4 vs. 87,4 ± 2,4; p<0,05) e risco cardiovascular (39,7 ± 4,6 vs. 26,0 ± 3,5; p<0,05) significativamente menores do que o grupo de baixa força. Além disso, o grupo de alta força apresentou melhores níveis de HDL-c (27,4 ± 1,7 vs. 35,6 ± 3,4; p<0,05), maior taxa de filtração glomerular estimada (51,5 ± 4,9 vs. 86,2 ± 5,5; p<0,05) e menor creatinina (0,94 ± 0,1 vs. 0,57 ± 0,1; p<0,05) do que o grupo de baixa força. Em relação aos dados cognitivos (MEEM e TDR, p<0,05) e ao desempenho físico (semi-tandem, tandem e velocidade de caminhada, p<0,05), o grupo de alta força apresentou melhores escores em comparação com o grupo de baixa força. Conclusão: Os idosos institucionalizados com altos níveis de força têm melhores parâmetros hemodinâmicos, desempenho físico, função renal e cognitiva do que aqueles com baixos níveis de força.PALAVRAS-CHAVEAvaliação GeriátricaCardiovascularDesempenho CognitivoFunção RenalForça Muscular

Physics scientific events in Brazil: Female participation.

It is known that diversity matters to improve scientific excellence and that scientific events are important occasions to discuss new ideas and create networks, beyond the fact that it helps to put the work of the scientists in evidence. Hence, increasing diversity in scientific events is crucial to improve their scientific quality and help to promote minorities. In Brazil, important physics scientific events are organized by the Brazilian Physical Society (SBF, in Portuguese), and in this work, some aspects related to the participation of women in these physics events are analyzed from 2005 to 2021. The analysis shows that women's participation has increased over the years, reaching in some areas of Physics the same percentage as the one observed in the SBF community (always below 25%). However, female participation as members of organizing committees and as keynote speakers is always lower. Some proposals are listed to change the current picture of inequality.

Swirling Fluid Reduces the Bounce of Partially Filled Containers.

Certain spatial distributions of water inside partially filled containers can significantly reduce the bounce of the container. In experiments with containers filled to a volume fraction ϕ, we show that rotation offers control and high efficiency in setting such distributions and, consequently, in altering bounce markedly. High-speed imaging evidences the physics of the phenomenon and reveals a rich sequence of fluid-dynamics processes, which we translate into a model that captures our overall experimental findings.

Neural complexity through a nonextensive statistical-mechanical approach of human electroencephalograms.

The brain is a complex system whose understanding enables potentially deeper approaches to mental phenomena. Dynamics of wide classes of complex systems have been satisfactorily described within q-statistics, a current generalization of Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistics. Here, we study human electroencephalograms of typical human adults (EEG), very specifically their inter-occurrence times across an arbitrarily chosen threshold of the signal (observed, for instance, at the midparietal location in scalp). The distributions of these inter-occurrence times differ from those usually emerging within BG statistical mechanics. They are instead well approached within the q-statistical theory, based on non-additive entropies characterized by the index q. The present method points towards a suitable tool for quantitatively accessing brain complexity, thus potentially opening useful studies of the properties of both typical and altered brain physiology.

Cerium biosorption onto alginate/vermiculite-based particles functionalized with ionic imprinting: Kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamic, and reuse studies.

Cerium is an essential element for several applications in industry, therefore, recovering it from secondary sources is a promising strategy from an economic and environmental perspective. For this purpose, biosorption is a low-cost and effective alternative. The present work evaluated the recovery of Ce3+ from aqueous solutions using alginate/vermiculite-based particles (ALEV) functionalized by ionic imprinting. From the kinetic assays, it was verified that the uptake of Ce3+ followed the pseudo-second-order model and was mainly controlled by external diffusion. The Langmuir model better described the equilibrium data, and a maximum biosorption capacity of 0.671 mmol/g at 45 °C was attained. The evaluation of the thermodynamic quantities revealed that the process occurs spontaneously and endothermically. The particles reuse and Ce3+ recovery were achieved using 0.1 mol/L HCl or 1.0 mol/L CaCl2 solutions for up to four cycles of biosorption/desorption. The biosorbent was characterized before and posted Ce3+ biosorption to investigate the morphology, textural properties, crystallinity, thermal resistance, composition, and functional groups of the biosorbent.

The photographers' gaze: the Mobile Radioisotope Exhibition in Latin America (1960-1965).

During the IAEA's Mobile Radioisotope Exhibition (1960-1965) through the eventful roads of five Latin American countries (Mexico, Uruguay, Argentina, Brazil, and Bolivia), a variety of photographs were taken by an unknown Mexican official photographer, and by Josef Obermayer, a staff driver from Vienna. The exhibition carried not only bits of nuclear sciences and technologies, but also the political symbolism of the 'friendly atom' as a token of modernization. The photographs embarked on different trajectories, though all of them ended up at the training and exchange official's desk in charge of the exhibition, Argentinian physicist Arturo Cairo. The ones taken in Mexico also had a local circulation as propaganda intended to promote radioisotope applications. The two sets of images were intended to show the contrast between modernity and traditional society, but they did it from different gazes. Our paper argues that, in the case of Mexico, the photographer reinforced representations of the country which were already popularized by Hollywood for foreign and local audiences. On the other hand, the Viennese photographer's gaze delivers an autoethnography of his dutiful journey. We also argue that Obermayer's projection is one of what Roger Bartra has conceptualized as the 'salvage on the mirror'.

Consecuencias físicas y psicológicas de la violencia obstétrica en países de Latinoamérica / Physical and psychological consequences of obstetric violence in Latin American countries

El término violencia obstétrica tiene sus orígenes en Latinoamérica, se considera una expresión de violencia de género y de violencia institucional contra la mujer. Puede ser ejercida de dos maneras, física y psicológica, por lo que se pretende definir la violencia obstétrica, su origen, divisiones, relación con los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de la mujer, así como identificar sus consecuencias físicas y psicológicas. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Medigraphic, SciELO y Google Académico, fueron incluidas únicamente las publicaciones que se encontraron a texto completo, en español, inglés y portugués durante los años 2014 al 2022. La violencia obstétrica provoca que los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de las mujeres sean quebrantados, lo que hace imprescindible que todos los involucrados en la atención en salud conozcan las repercusiones físicas y psicológicas relacionadas que contribuyen a la morbimortalidad de la madre y el recién nacido, tales como: desgarros vaginales, problemas en la lactancia materna, síndrome de estrés postraumático y depresión posparto

The term obstetric violence has its origins in Latin America, it is considered an expression of gender violence and institutional violence against women. It can be exercised in two ways, physical and psychological, therefore, the aim is to define obstetric violence, its origin, divisions, and relation with women's sexual and reproductive rights, as well as to identify its physical and psychological consequences. A bibliographic search was conducted in Medigraphic, SciELO, and Google Scholar, including only publications that were found in full text, in Spanish, English, and Portuguese during the years 2014 to 2022. Obstetric violence causes the violation of women's sexual and reproductive rights, which makes it essential for all those involved in health care to be aware of the related physical and psychological repercussions that contribute to maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality, such as vaginal tears, breastfeeding problems, post-traumatic stress syndrome, and postpartum depression

Recommendations of the Spanish brachytherapy group of the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology and the Spanish Society of Medical Physics for interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy for gynaecologic malignancies.

The present document includes consensus-based recommendations from the Brachytherapy Group (GEB) of the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology (SEOR) and the Spanish Society of Medical Physics (SEFM) for interstitial high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT) for gynaecologic malignancies. A nine-item survey-which included questions on experience with interstitial BT; indications and technique; applicator type; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based planning; dose; fractionation schedule; and treatment planning-was sent to all radiation oncology departments (n = 174) in Spain in 2021. Responses were received from 36 centres (50% of all centres [n = 72] with a BT unit). The consensus-based recommendations presented here are based on a review of the available literature, professional experience among the group of experts, and in-person discussions held during the annual meeting of these two societies. We describe the results of the survey and the following: indications; contraindications; patient selection; description of applicators; role of imaging in planning; contouring; dose prescription; dosimetric reconstruction; optimisation; and dose indications for cancers of the cervix, vagina, and vulva. The various clinical scenarios in which interstitial BT is used in the treatment of gynaecological tumours are described in detail, including cervix intracavitary/interstitial hybrid HDR-BT; cervix perineal templates/freehand implants; primary vaginal malignancies/vaginal recurrences; and vulvar interstitial implants.

A questão do sentido no mundo do acaso / The question of meaning in a world of chance / La cuestión del sentido en el mundo del azar

O artigo enfoca a confluência dos princípios fundamentais que norteiam a física quântica e a psicologia analítica. Destaca a questão de estarmos habituados a lidar com as aplicações práticas decorrentes de ambas as abordagens e a dificuldade de integrarmos suas implicações no que concerne a nossa visão de mundo. Compreende a experiência da sincronicidade como sendo a experiência humana da interconexão quântica e elabora a questão do sentido envolvida nessa vivência, a percepção de fazermos parte integrante de uma ordem mais ampla, a vivência paradoxal da unicidade e do cósmico.

The article focuses on the confluence of the fundamental principles that guide quantum physics and analytical psychology. Of note is the question of dealing with the practical issues arising from both approaches and the difficulty of integrating their implications in terms of our worldview. The experience of synchronicity is understood as being the human experience of quantum interconnection, and the article expounds on the question of meaning involved in this experience, the perception of being an integral part of a broader order, and the paradoxical experience of uniqueness and the cosmic.

El artículo se centra en la confluencia de los principios fundamentales que orientan la física cuántica y la psicología analítica. Destaca la cuestión de que estamos habituados a tratar con las aplicaciones prácticas derivadas de ambos abordajes y la dificultad que tenemos de integrar sus implicancias en lo que concierne a nuestra visión del mundo. Comprende la experiencia de la sincronicidad como la experiencia humana de interconexión cuántica y elabora la cuestión del sentido intrínseca en esa vivencia, la percepción de formar parte integrante de un orden más amplio, la vivencia paradojal de la unicidad y de lo cósmico.

Analytical psychology and quantum physics in a world in crisis and under transformation.

Starting with the current pandemic, a potent symbol of death for all, the author explores the need to transform our vision of, and position in, the world. The author describes the world in which we live in terms of accelerated transformation and extreme imbalance: environmental suicide, consumerism, environmental pollution, global warming and intense polarization brought about by techno-populism. She reflects on the enantiodromia of our current times in which the focus has shifted from extreme spirituality to the opposite extreme of materialism. She returns to the concepts of the psychoid archetype and unus mundus, and analogous concepts in quantum physics, examining the need to review the polarities of psyche and matter in the search for a new synthesis. The author then concludes by highlighting the importance of consciousness in the elaboration and construction of a new way of being in the world.

Prenant pour point de départ la pandémie actuelle - un puissant symbole de mort pour chacun - l'auteur explore le besoin de transformer notre vision du monde et notre position dans le monde. L'auteur décrit le monde dans lequel nous vivons en termes de transformation accélérée et de déséquilibre extrême: suicide environnemental, consumérisme, pollution environnementale, réchauffement climatique et polarisation intense, conséquence du techno-populisme. Elle réfléchit à l'énantiodromie de notre époque dans laquelle l'accent a glissé d'une spiritualité extrême à l'extrême opposé avec le matérialisme. Elle revient au concept de l'archétype du psychoïde et d'unus mundus, et à des concepts analogues en physique quantique, examinant le besoin de reconsidérer les polarités de la psyché et de la matière dans la recherche d'une synthèse nouvelle. L'auteur conclut ensuite en soulignant l'importance de la conscience dans l'élaboration et la construction d'une nouvelle manière d'être dans le monde.

Comenzando con la pandemia actual, un símbolo potente de muerte para todos, la autora explora la necesidad de transformar nuestra visión de, y posición en, el mundo. La autora describe el mundo en el cual vivimos en términos de una transformación acelerada y un desbalance extremo: suicidios ambientales, consumismo, contaminación ambiental, calentamiento global e intensa polarización producidos por el tecno-populismo. Ella reflexiona acerca de la enantiodromia de nuestros tiempos actuales, en los cuales el foco ha cambiado desde una espiritualidad extrema al opuesto de un materialismo extremo. Retorna a los conceptos de arquetipo psicoide y unus mundus, y conceptos análogos en la física cuántica, examinando la necesidad de revisar las polaridades de psique y materia en búsqueda de una nueva síntesis. La autora concluye destacando la importancia de la consciencia en la elaboración y construcción de un nuevo modo de estar en el mundo.

Começando com a pandemia atual, um símbolo potente de morte para todos, a autora explora a necessidade de transformar nossa visão e posição no mundo. A autora descreve o mundo em que vivemos em termos de transformação acelerada e desequilíbrio extremo: suicídio ambiental, consumismo, poluição ambiental, aquecimento global e intensa polarização provocada pelo tecnopopulismo. Ela reflete sobre a enantiodromia de nossos tempos atuais, em que o foco mudou da espiritualidade extrema para o extremo oposto do materialismo. Ela retorna aos conceitos do arquétipo psicóide e unus mundus, e conceitos análogos em física quântica, examinando a necessidade de revisar as polaridades psique e matéria em busca de uma nova síntese. A autora conclui então destacando a importância da consciência na elaboração e construção de um novo modo de ser no mundo.

Percepção de saúde, mobilidade e humor de mulheres participantes de caminhada em imersão / Perception of health, mobility and mood of women participating in immersion walk

Estudos têm demonstrado que exercícios realizados em meio aquático produzem benefícios diversos para mulheres. Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a percepção subjetiva de saúde, mobilidade e humor de mulheres quinquagenárias saudáveis e sedentárias em decorrência de participação em programa de caminhada em imersão. Participaram 59 mulheres entre 50 e 59 anos, distribuídas em grupos de 10 a 12 pessoas. A atividade foi desenvolvida em piscina aquecida 2 vezes por semana, por 30 minutos, durante 12 meses. O programa foi dividido em 4 etapas de 3 meses com 5 tempos de avaliação. Para a avaliação subjetiva sobre o estado de saúde, mobilidade e humor, utilizou-se uma escala numérica de 0 a 10. Breve relato sobre os principais efeitos do programa também foi analisado em seu conteúdo. Observou-se melhora na percepção de saúde (p < 0,001), na mobilidade (p < 0,001) e no humor (p = 0,003). Na análise de conteúdo, 49,4% dos relatos relacionaram-se com a melhora da saúde; 22,9% com a autoestima e satisfação e 19,3% com a capacidade física. O estudo reforça a necessidade deste tipo de prática para a saúde integral da mulher de "meia idade" como medida preventiva do processo de envelhecimento saudável. (AU)

Linear dimensional accuracy of stereolithographic surgical guide after chemistry and physics sterilization.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dimensional stability of prototyped surgical guides after autoclave and 2% glutaraldehyde sterilization processes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty prototyped surgical guides were prepared and submitted to two sterilization processes (n = 10): Physics - sterilization by autoclave (saturated water vapor under pressure, temperature of 126 to 130 °C, pressure of 1,7 at 1.9 kgf/cm2, 16 min); Chemistry - sterilization by 2% glutaraldehyde for 10 h. Six pre-established points were measured in the prototyped surgical guides, before and after sterilization, using a digital caliper rule. The comparisons were made using orthogonal contrasts using the linear model of mixed effects (random and fixed). RESULTS: there are no significant differences between autoclave and glutaraldehyde 2% (p>0.05) there are significant differences after autoclave sterilization (p<0.05) and there are not significant differences after 2% glutaraldehyde sterilization (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: autoclave promoted dimensional alteration of the prototyped surgical guides, and the chemical sterilization by glutaraldehyde 2% did not cause dimensional alteration of the prototype surgical guides, being a favorable choice for sterilization. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: the sterilization of surgical guides can be performed through the chemical process with 2% glutaraldehyde without changing the linear precision of the prototype surgical guides.

Kinetics, product distribution and atmospheric implications of the gas-phase oxidation of allyl sulfides by OH radicals.

Relative rate coefficients of the OH radical -initiated oxidation of allyl methyl sulfide (AMS, H2CCHCH2SCH3) and allyl ethyl sulfide (AES, H2CCHCH2SCH2CH3) have been measured at atmospheric pressure of synthetic air and 298 K: kAMS= (4.98 ± 1.42) and kAES= (6.88 ± 1.49) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 by means of in situ FTIR spectroscopy. In addition, the molar yields of the main reaction products of AMS with OH radicals formed in the absence and presence of nitric oxides (NOX) were determined to be the following: sulfur dioxide (95 ± 12) % and (51 ± 12) % for acrolein (50 ± 9) % and (41 ± 9) %. In the reaction of AES with OH radicals, the following molar yields were obtained: for sulfur dioxide (88 ± 13) % and (56 ± 12) % for acrolein (36 ± 9) % and (41 ± 9) %. The present results suggest that the abstraction at C3 plays an important role in the oxidation mechanism as the addition to the double bond. This work represents the first study of the OH radical interaction with AMS and AES carried out under atmospheric conditions. The atmospheric implications were discussed in terms of the atmospheric residence times of the sulfur-containing compounds studied and the products formed in the presence and absence of NOx. SO2 formation seems to be the main fate of the gas-phase allyl sulfides oxidation with significant acidifying potentials and short-chain aldehydes production like formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.

Neuroscience of consciousness: cognition, physics and philosophy of decoding the human brain / Neurociencia de la conciencia: cognición, física y filosofía de la descodificación del cerebro humano

The biophysical roots of consciousness have been the subject of an ongoing debate for centuries. In order to understand the data, create novel experimental methodologies, and increase our ability to investigate this phenomenon of interest, the proposed theories must lead to empirical, repeatable, and testifiable studies. Contemporary theories of consciousness often do not relate to one another, and none of them has been distinguished as complete or proven empirically so far. The aim of this study is an investigation into some of the possible approaches that could merge neuronal brain activity with the laws of physics and some philosophical principles that may be associated with the emergence of consciousness in the first place. As a result, the relationship between consciousness and attention, working memory, access consciousness and phenomenal consciousness is evaluated. The contrast between conscious and unconscious perception, perceived visual inputs and subliminal ones is investigated to facilitate a discussion about the neural cor-relates of self-awareness. Consciousness as a global broadcast of information to integrated brain modules is being considered, as well as viewing a brain as a parallel information processor linked to attention inputs. Relationship between consciousness and attention is explored, as well as attention without consciousness and vice versa. Implications and shortcomings of the proposed approaches based on brain science, philosophy and quantum physics are also covered to shed some more light on this ever present experience of being conscious that everyone seems to self-witness but no one manages to adequately explain.

Las raíces biofísicas de la conciencia han sido objeto de un continuo debate durante siglos. Para entender los datos, crear nuevas metodologías experimentales y aumentar nuestra capacidad de investigar este fenómeno de interés, las teorías propuestas deben conducir a estudios empíricos, repetibles y comprobables. Las teorías contemporáneas de la conciencia a menudo no se relacionan entre sí, y ninguna de ellas se ha distinguido como completa o probada empíricamente hasta ahora. El objetivo de este estudio es una investigación sobre algunos de los posibles enfoques que podrían fusionar la actividad cerebral neuronal con las leyes de la física y algunos principios filosóficos que pueden estar asociados con la aparición de la conciencia en primer lugar. Como resultado, se evalúa la relación entre la conciencia y la atención, la memoria operativa, la conciencia de acceso y la conciencia fenoménica. Se investiga el contraste entre la percepción consciente e inconsciente, las entradas visuales percibidas y las subliminales para facilitar una discusión sobre los correlatos neurales de la autoconciencia. Se considera la conciencia como una emisión global de información a los módulos cerebrales integrados, así como la visión del cerebro como un procesador de información paralelo vinculado a las en-tradas de atención. Se explora la relación entre conciencia y atención, así como la atención sin conciencia y viceversa. También se abordan las implicaciones y deficiencias de los enfoques propuestos basados en la ciencia del cerebro, la filosofía y la física cuántica para arrojar algo más luz sobre esta experiencia siempre presente de ser consciente que todo el mundo parece auto presenciar, pero que nadie consigue explicar adecuadamente.

Self-regulated learning of Natural Sciences and Mathematics future teachers: learning strategies, self-efficacy, and socio-demographic factors

Teacher education programs should have as one of their purposes the promotion of self-regulatory skills for learning among students who aspire to be teachers so that they can take a leading role in their learning and foster these skills in their future students. Considering the importance of knowing what students in teacher education programs do to study and learn, as well as how efficacious they feel to deal with academic demands, this study is part of a larger research and aims to investigate the learning and study strategies and self-efficacy for learning beliefs of 220 students enrolled in teacher education programs in Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics of a Higher Education Institution in the state of Piauí, and examine them in relation to age, gender, licentiate area, and course semester. Brazilian translations of the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI ­ Third Edition) and the Self-efficacy for Learning Form were used for data collection. Scales were administered in the classrooms both through online platforms and in paper and pencil. Nonparametric inferential statistical pproaches were used to test hypotheses regarding group differences. Statistically significant differences were found in LASSI in relation to gender, licentiate area, and course semester. Overall, students in Physics dealt better with anxiety; in Mathematics showed more favorable attitudes towards learning; in Chemistry reported an aging their time better; in Biological Science showed significantly lower scores on many scales than did other students. Findings from this study could help inform curricular design decisions regarding teacher education programs and inform the design of interventions to strengthen the learning and study strategies and the self-efficacy for learning beliefs of future teachers.

Norma técnica sobre seguridad física de fuentes radiactivas / Technical standard on physical security from radioactive sources

La presente norma técnica establece los requisitos mínimos de seguridad física que se deben aplicar a las fuentes radiactivas de acuerdo al nivel de seguridad y su categorización, a fin de prevenir el acceso, extracción, traslado no autorizado, o sabotaje de las mismas, reduciendo la posibilidad de su uso inadecuado o malicioso

This technical standard establishes the minimum physical security requirements that must be applied to radioactive sources according to the security level and its categorization, in order to prevent access, extraction, unauthorized transfer, or sabotage of the same, reducing the possibility of improper or malicious use

A new approach on synergistic effect and chemical stability of graphene oxide-magnetic nanocomposite in the heterogeneous Fenton degradation of caffeine.

Two compositions of graphene oxide-magnetite nanocomposites were studied as catalysts in the heterogeneous Fenton process. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction revealed that the graphene oxide sheets were covered with nanoparticles of magnetite, with an average crystallite size of 7 nm. Infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that the phases interacted through covalent Fe-O-C bonds. The composites presented significantly improved catalytic activity, compared to pure magnetite, with a synergistic effect of up to a factor of 17.1 for the Fenton degradation of caffeine, achieving total removal after 90 min. This synergistic effect was a consequence of the interaction between the phases, resulting in improved mass transfer of caffeine to the catalyst surface, adsorption and efficient degradation, with enhanced HO• generation. The surface reaction constant increased by up to three orders of magnitude, demonstrating the important role of graphene oxide in the degradation kinetics of the heterogeneous Fenton process. The surface-bonded hydroxyl radicals were responsible for caffeine degradation, achieving 9.4 µmol L-1. After five degradation cycles, a loss of Fe-O-C bonds and increase in oxygenated groups were associated with a small decrease of caffeine removal efficiency, from 98 to 82%, without significant iron leaching, in the dark, and with low consumption of hydrogen peroxide.