Absence seizure associated with coloprep consumption in colonoscopy / Convulsão de ausência com o uso de Coloprep em colonoscopia

Coloprep is a bowel preparatory solution given before endoscopic procedures to get a unobscured internal vision. It has among its constituent's sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate and magnesium sulphate which produce an osmotic effect in the bowel. However, the use of such agents in hyponatremic and patients predisposed to seizures can have adverse ramifications. The current case outlines manifestation of absence seizure in a 52-year-old male patient who was administered Coloprep for colonoscopy. There was absence of other predisposing factors and the symptoms were ameliorated using timely identification and rectification of the underlying derangements.

Coloprep é uma solução preparatória intestinal administrada antes de procedimentos endoscópicos, com o objetivo de se ter uma visão interna não obscurecida. Entre os constituintes de Coloprep, observa-se sulfato de sódio, sulfato de potássio e sulfato de magnésio, que provocam efeito osmótico no intestino. Mas o uso de tais agentes em pacientes hiponatrêmicos e com predisposição para convulsões pode ter ramificações adversas. O caso em tela delineia uma manifestação de convulsão de ausência em paciente do gênero masculino com 52 anos e que recebeu Coloprep para colonoscopia. Não havia outros fatores predisponentes e os sintomas melhoraram graças à oportuna identificação e correção dos transtornos subjacentes.

Slight differences in sulfation of algal galactans account for differences in their anticoagulant and venous antithrombotic activities.

We compared sulfated galactans (SGs) from two species of red algae using specific coagulation assays and experimental models of thrombosis. These polysaccharides have an identical saccharide structure and the same size chain, but with slight differences in their sulfation patterns. As a consequence of these differences, the two SGs differ in their anticoagulant and venous antithrombotic activities. SG from G. crinale exhibits procoagulant and prothrombotic effects in low doses (up to 1.0 mg/kg body weight), but in high doses (>1.0 mg/kg) this polysaccharide inhibits both venous and arterial thrombosis in rats and prolongs ex-vivo recalcification time. In contrast, SG from B. occidentalis is a very potent anticoagulant and antithrombotic compound in low doses (up to 0.5 mg/kg body weight), inhibiting venous experimental thrombosis and prolonging ex-vivo recalcification time, but these effects are reverted in high doses. Only at high doses (>1.0 mg/kg) the SG from B. occidentalis inhibits arterial thrombosis. As with heparin, SG from G. crinale does not activate factor XII, while the polysaccharide from B. occidentalis activates factor XII in high concentrations, which could account for its procoagulant effect at high doses on rats. Both SGs do not modify bleeding time in rats. These results indicate that slight differences in the proportions and/or distribution of sulfated residues along the galactan chain may be critical for the interaction between proteases, inhibitors and activators of the coagulation system, resulting in a distinct pattern in anti- and procoagulant activities and in the antithrombotic action.

An algal sulfated galactan has an unusual dual effect on venous thrombosis due to activation of factor XII and inhibition of the coagulation proteases.

Sulfated galactan from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis has a potent anticoagulant activity, due to its ability to enhance thrombin and factor Xa inhibition by antithrombin and/or heparin cofactor II. It is less active than unfractionated heparin in arterial thrombosis, but in a venous thrombosis presents a dual effect, inhibiting thrombosis in low but not in high doses. This dual effect on venous thrombosis is a consequence of two actions, one that inhibits thrombin and factor Xa and one that induces factor XII activation. In order to dissociate these effects, we prepared derivatives of the sulfated galactan with low molecular weights. Two fractions that were similar in size to unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin were obtained. As the molecular weight decreased, the ability to activate factor XII and to promote inhibition of coagulation proteases in the presence of antithrombin and heparin cofactor II diminished. At approximately 5 kDa, the sulfated galactan fragment had no effect on factor XII activation, and showed the same effect as unfractionated heparin in a venous thrombosis model. The approximately 5-kDa fragment is an antithrombotic with several advantages: i) It is as active as unfractionated heparin in venous thrombosis, but it has little activity in arterial thrombosis; ii) It inhibits venous thrombosis with very little anticoagulant effect; iii) It does not cause bleeding; and iv) It is not obtained from mammals.

Efeito da aplicação de bissulfato de sódio sobre cama de frangos na sobrevivência de Escherichia coli e coliformes / Effect of sodium bisulfite application on the bed of broiler on survival of Escherichia coli and coliforms

Avaliou-se o efeito do bissulfato de sódio, aplicado sobre a cama de frangos, criados em diferentes densidades, na sobrevivência de Escherichia coli e coliformes, utilizando-se as densidades de 12, 16 e 20 aves/m², com a inoculação de uma cepa de E. coli. Houve maior desenvolvimento microbiano no 21° dia de criação, com tendência de redução a partir daí. A eficácia do bissulfato de sódio foi maior nos primeiros dias do experimento.

The effect of sodium bisulfate has been evaluated on survival of Escherichia coli and coliforms, when applied on the broiler beds, adopting different densities. It has been adopted densities of 12, 16 and 20 birds/m², using inoculations of E. coli strains. The results have shown the highest microbial development on the 21st day of inoculation, with a trend of a microbial reduction afterwards. The sodium bisulfate was efficient during the first days of analyses, reducing its efficacy during the experiment.

Efeito da aplicação de bissulfato de sódio sobre cama de frangos na sobrevivência de Escherichia coli e coliformes / Effect of sodium bisulfite application on the bed of broiler on survival of Escherichia coli and coliforms

Avaliou-se o efeito do bissulfato de sódio, aplicado sobre a cama de frangos, criados em diferentes densidades, na sobrevivência de Escherichia coli e coliformes, utilizando-se as densidades de 12, 16 e 20 aves/m², com a inoculação de uma cepa de E. coli. Houve maior desenvolvimento microbiano no 21º dia de criação, com tendência de redução a partir daí. A eficácia do bissulfato de sódio foi maior nos primeiros dias do experimento.(AU)

The effect of sodium bisulfate has been evaluated on survival of Escherichia coli and coliforms, when applied on the broiler beds, adopting different densities. It has been adopted densities of 12, 16 and 20 birds/m², using inoculations of E. coli strains. The results have shown the highest microbial development on the 21st day of inoculation, with a trend of a microbial reduction afterwards. The sodium bisulfate was efficient during the first days of analyses, reducing its efficacy during the experiment.(AU)

Hipersensibilidad retardada hacia componentes de las prótesis dentales e inflamación crónica de la mucosa oral / Retarded hypersensitivity about component of the dental prosthesis and cronic inflammation of the oral mucous

Se describen cuatro pacientes con queilitis o gingivitis o ambas, persistentes por más de un año. Las biopsias en todos los casos presentaban un padrón inflamatorio crónico inespecífico donde no se identificaban agentes infecciosos o de otra etiología. Todos los pacientes tenían arreglos en su dentadura, con prótesis fijas o móviles o ambas, años antes de comenzar con la sintomatología inflamatoria. Por medio del test del parche se comprobó en cada uno de los pacientes hipersensibilidad retardada específica hacia uno o más elementos constituyentes de las prótesis. Esto último, junto con la desaparición de los síntomas cuando se procedía a una terapia con corticoides o cuando se evitaba el contacto de la prótesis coon la mucosa oral, dan algoritmos para llegar al diagnóstico de hipersensibioidsad retardada como etiología de la inflamación crónica de la mucosa oral

Hipersensibilidad retardada hacia componentes de las prótesis dentales e inflamación crónica de la mucosa oral / Retarded hypersensitivity about component of the dental prosthesis and cronic inflammation of the oral mucous

Se describen cuatro pacientes con queilitis o gingivitis o ambas, persistentes por más de un año. Las biopsias en todos los casos presentaban un padrón inflamatorio crónico inespecífico donde no se identificaban agentes infecciosos o de otra etiología. Todos los pacientes tenían arreglos en su dentadura, con prótesis fijas o móviles o ambas, años antes de comenzar con la sintomatología inflamatoria. Por medio del test del parche se comprobó en cada uno de los pacientes hipersensibilidad retardada específica hacia uno o más elementos constituyentes de las prótesis. Esto último, junto con la desaparición de los síntomas cuando se procedía a una terapia con corticoides o cuando se evitaba el contacto de la prótesis coon la mucosa oral, dan algoritmos para llegar al diagnóstico de hipersensibioidsad retardada como etiología de la inflamación crónica de la mucosa oral

Deficiencia de cobre en bovinos: su tratamiento comparativo con cuprum y cobre alopático / Deficit of copper in bovine: comparative treatment with cuprum and allopathic copper

En un establecimiento con deficiencias primarias y secundarias de cobre se compararon dos tratamientos, uno homeopático y el otro alopático, frente a testigos no tratados. De los resultados se desprende: 1.- En el tratamiento alopático la ganancia diaria de peso (G.D.P.) es mayor que en el tratamiento homeopático al comenzar el ensayo. 2.-Hacia el final del mismo, las G.D.P., es mayor en el tratamiento homeopático que en el alopático. 3.- Ambas G.D.P. son mayores que la de los testigos

Deficiencia de cobre en bovinos: su tratamiento comparativo con cuprum y cobre alopático / Deficit of copper in bovine: comparative treatment with cuprum and allopathic copper

En un establecimiento con deficiencias primarias y secundarias de cobre se compararon dos tratamientos, uno homeopático y el otro alopático, frente a testigos no tratados. De los resultados se desprende: 1.- En el tratamiento alopático la ganancia diaria de peso (G.D.P.) es mayor que en el tratamiento homeopático al comenzar el ensayo. 2.-Hacia el final del mismo, las G.D.P., es mayor en el tratamiento homeopático que en el alopático. 3.- Ambas G.D.P. son mayores que la de los testigos (AU)