Reflexões sobre o estágio em docência como instrumento formativo do professor universitário: um relato de experiência / Reflections on the teaching internship as a training instrument for university professor: an experience report / Reflexiones sobre la práctica docente como instrumento de formación del profesor universitario: un relato de experiencia

Introdução:A formação de professores é um processo dinâmico que deve ser composto por experiências práticas e teóricas no preparodo discente ao magistério. Desse modo, a compreensão das reflexões relativas ao estágio em docência assistida no âmbito do ensino superior é de suma importância para enriquecer os debates e discussões acerca do papel do estágio em docência como ferramenta formativa do professor universitário. Objetivo:Refletir sobreas experiências vivenciadas durante atividades desenvolvidas noestágio de docência assistidaea importância para a formação pedagógica no ensino superior. Metodologia:Trata-se de um relato de experiênciado estágio emdocência decorrido no segundo semestre de 2022, na disciplina de Fundamentos em epidemiologia e saúde pública do curso de Graduação em Fisioterapia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte.Resultados: No presente estudo, foram descritas e analisadas as etapas da experiência do estágio em docência, enfocando as perspectivas, aprendizados e aspirações sob a ótica da literatura científica sobre o papel formativo do estágio para o professor universitário. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam a significânciadas contribuições dessa vivência para o crescimento acadêmico e profissional dos mestrandos. No entanto, salienta-se a necessidade de incorporar ou revisar elementos curriculares, visando promover uma integração mais aprofundada entre as dimensões teóricas e práticas no preparo dos alunos para a docência no ensino superior. Conclusões: O estágio de docência assistida representa uma ferramenta formativa de suma importância, singular e enriquecedora na construção das experiências profissionais e pessoais na formação de professores (AU).

Introduction: Teacher education is a dynamic process that must be composed of practical and theoretical experiences in preparing students to teach. Thus, understanding the reflections related to the internship in assisted teaching in higher education is of paramount importance to enrich the debates and discussions about the role of the internship in teaching as a training tool for university professors.Objective: To reflect on the experiences lived during activities developed in the assisted teaching internship and the importance for pedagogical training in higher education. Methodology: This is an experience report of the teaching internship that took place in the second half of 2022, in the subject of Fundamentals in epidemiology and public health of the Graduation course in Physiotherapy at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte.Results: In this study, we described and analyzed the stages of the teaching practicum experience, focusing on perspectives, learnings, and aspirations from the perspective of the scientific literature on the formative role of the teaching practicum for university professors. The obtained results highlight the significance of the contributions of this experience for the academic and professional growth of the participants. However, it is emphasized the need to incorporate or revise curriculum elements to promote a more profound integration of theoretical and practical dimensions in preparing students for teaching in higher education.Conclusions: The supervised teaching practicum represents a valuable, unique, and enriching formative tool in the development of professional and personal experiences in teacher education (AU).

Introducción: La formación docente es un proceso dinámico que debe estar compuesto de experiencias prácticas y teóricas en la preparación de los estudiantes para enseñar. Por lo tanto, comprender las reflexiones relacionadas con la pasantía en la docencia asistida en laeducación superior es de suma importancia para enriquecer los debates y discusiones sobre el papel de la pasantía en la docencia como herramienta de formación de profesores universitarios. Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre las experiencias vividas durante las actividades desarrolladas en el internado docente asistido y la importancia para la formación pedagógica en la educación superior.Metodología: Se trata de un relato de experiencia de la pasantía docente que tuvo lugar en el segundo semestre de 2022, en la asignatura de Fundamentos en epidemiología y salud pública del curso de Graduación en Fisioterapia de la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande do Norte.Resultados: En este estudio, describimos y analizamos las etapas de la experiencia de práctica docente, enfocando perspectivas, aprendizajes y aspiraciones desde la perspectiva de la literatura científica sobre el papel formativo de la práctica docente para profesoresuniversitarios. Los resultados obtenidos destacan la importancia de los aportes de esta experiencia para el crecimiento académico y profesional de los participantes. Sin embargo, se enfatiza la necesidad de incorporar o revisar elementos curriculares parapromover una integración más profunda de las dimensiones teóricas y prácticas en la preparación de los estudiantes para la docencia en la educación superior. Conclusiones: La práctica docente supervisada representa una herramienta formativa valiosa, únicay enriquecedora en el desarrollo de experiencias profesionales y personales en la formación docente (AU).

Definición de la competencia didáctica del docente en la educación médica superior cubana / Defining the didactic competence of the professor within cuban higher medical education

Introducción: Los profesores encargados de la formación de los profesionales de la salud necesitan de competencia didáctica para la dirección del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Evaluarla en los profesores de ciencias médicas es básico, fundamental y decisivo para la formación de los estudiantes de salud. Objetivo: Determinar el tratamiento metacognitivo de la competencia didáctica del docente en la educación médica superior cubana. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de documentos sobre la competencia didáctica para el docente del sector de salud, a través de las bases de datos Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc, Latindex, REDIB, Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, Dialnet y Lilacs, en español e inglés, y sin límite de tiempo. Para la búsqueda se utilizaron las palabras: Competencia, Didáctica, combinadas con docentes del sector de salud. Luego de aplicar criterios de inclusión/exclusión se seleccionaron 25 artículos científicos con suficiente calidad y actualidad. Resultados: La competencia didáctica para los docentes del sector de salud ha sido estudiada por diferentes autores. Esta transita desde la competencia profesional del trabajador de la salud hasta su competencia pedagógica y didáctica. Se muestra la evolución conceptual y se relaciona la competencia didáctica con el desarrollo profesional continuo. Conclusiones: La sistematización realizada sobre la competencia didáctica demuestra la preocupación de los profesionales de salud por perfeccionar el proceso formativo en las universidades de ciencias médicas. Los docentes deben planificar, orientar, ejecutar y controlar las acciones con el objetivo de que sus estudiantes sean sujetos activos en su formación como profesionales de la salud(AU)

Introduction: The professors in charge of training health professionals need didactic competences for guiding the teaching-learning process. To assess such competences in medical sciences professors is basic, fundamental and decisive for the training of health students. Objective: To determine the metacognitive treatment given to the didactic competences of professors in Cuban higher medical education. Methods: A review of documents about the didactic competence for professors from the health sector was carried out in the Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc, Latindex, REDIB, Virtual Health Library, Dialnet and Lilacs databases, in Spanish and English, and with no time limit. For the search, the following words were used: Competencia [Competence], Didáctica [didactic], combined with docentes del sector de salud [professors from the health sector]. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 scientific articles of sufficient quality and current relevance were selected. Results: The didactic competence for professors from the health sector has been studied by different authors. It covers from the professional competence of the health worker to his or her pedagogical and didactic competence. The conceptual evolution is shown and didactic competence is related to continuous professional development. Conclusions: The systematization carried out on didactic competence proves the health professionals' concern for improving the formative process in the universities of medical sciences. Professors should plan, guide, implement and control actions in such a way that their students are active subjects in their own training as health professionals(AU)

La cultura en el escenario docente para la formación interdisciplinar, integral y culta de los profesionales de la salud / Culture in the teaching scenario for the interdisciplinary, comprehensive and educated training of health professionals

Introducción: El mundo actual necesita de un profesional altamente competente, con una sólida cultura humanista y una clara comprensión de los procesos culturales enmarcados en su contexto histórico, que les permita apropiarse del conocimiento y transformarse de conjunto con la sociedad. Esto se vincula con la teoría de la educación avanzada, que se articula en los fundamentos de la cultura. Objetivo: Sistematizar la importancia de la integración de las ciencias en los procesos sustantivos del escenario docente para la formación integral y culta de los profesionales cubanos. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos originales y de revisión en SciELO, Redalyc, Medigraphic y Medline, publicados entre el 2015 y el 2019. La estrategia de búsqueda se basó en las palabras clave cultura; interdisciplinariedad; integralidad en el profesional de la salud, identificadas en DeCS. El análisis, la síntesis y la sistematización del contenido, permitió interpretar los referentes teóricos para la organización del conocimiento. Se seleccionaron en la investigación 30 fuentes bibliográficas. Resultados: Los resultados evidenciaron la necesidad de la universidad cubana actual del enfoque interdisciplinario como parte del proceso pedagógico y formativo. Conclusiones: La integración de la historia, el arte y la medicina en el proceso formativo de las especialidades involucradas en las ciencias médicas contribuye a la formación de un profesional de la salud más integral y culto(AU)

Introduction: Today's world needs a highly competent professional, with a solid humanistic culture and a clear understanding of cultural processes according to their historical context, which allows them to appropriate knowledge and transform themselves as a whole within society. This is linked to the theory of advanced education, which is articulated in the foundations of culture. Objective: To systematize the importance of the integration of sciences in the intrinsic processes of the teaching scenario for the comprehensive and cultured formation of Cuban professionals. Methods: A search for original and review articles was conducted in SciELO, Redalyc, Medigraphic and Medline, published between 2015 and 2019. The search strategy was based on the keywords culture; interdisciplinarity; comprehensiveness in the health professional. The analysis, synthesis and systematization of the content, allowed the interpretation of the theoretical references for the organization of knowledge. Thirty bibliographic sources were selected for the research. Results: The results evidenced the need of the current Cuban university to implement an interdisciplinary approach as part of the pedagogical and formative process. Conclusions: The integration of history, art and medicine in the formative process of the specialties involved in medical sciences contributes to the formation of a more comprehensive and cultured health professional(AU)

Implementation of a school-based physical activity intervention for Brazilian adolescents: a mixed-methods evaluation.

The effectiveness of physical activity interventions can be improved through examining the aspects related to their implementation. However, little such evidence has been collected, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of a school-based physical activity intervention with qualitative and quantitative data from different actors (students, teachers and parents) involved in developing the program. The program was conducted in 2017 with three main components: (i) teacher training, (ii) environmental changes and (iii) educational actions. Mixed-method evaluation was performed by an independent evaluation team using a validated indicator matrix for the implementation process, including the self-reported information of students, teachers and parents, as well as interviews with teachers. In the 3 eligible schools, 350 adolescents (51% girls) answered the implementation questionnaire, as did 45 parents (84% mothers), and 47 teachers (70% female). In the qualitative analysis, 18 teachers participated. Categorical analysis found that the intervention was considered feasible by teachers. In general, teachers had a more positive perception of the implementation than did students. The lack of engagement from the school community and parents and the busy schedule of teachers were indicated to be the main difficulties. In conclusion, despite the teachers' motivation, some barriers prevented the successful implementation of the program.

¡De repente, profesor! Caminos que recorren los enfermeros en busca de formación docente / Suddenly, teacher! Paths taken by nurses searching for teacher training / De repente, professor! Caminhos percorridos pelos enfermeiros em busca da formação docente

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the paths taken by the nurse-teachers of the Nursing technical course in search of their training for the teaching career. Method: a qualitative and cross-sectional research study, carried out with nurses who teach at the Nursing technical course of a Technical School of the Unified Health System in Ceará. The data were collected through a focus group in October 2019, and analyzed according to Bardin's thematic content analysis, with the aid of the Qualitative Data Analysis Software. Results: the paths for nurses' teacher training permeate their motivation to enter the teaching career, whose reasons are related to the difficulty finding a job in the assistance area, invitation to teach, job opportunity or existence of some need; initial performance in teaching, which emphasizes mid-level; and by training itself, which had its need confirmed and, from the participants' perspective, met through participation in institutional qualifications and personal search for specialization courses. Conclusion: the paths taken by nurse-teachers in search of their training for the teaching career are related to the reasons why they enter teaching, with their initial performance in teaching and with teacher training itself, regarding verification of their need and ways accessed for such qualification. The nurse's prior training for the teaching practice ultimately points to professional excellence and appreciation and commitment to the Unified Health System. Thus, it becomes imperative to (re)formulate policies that consider the complexity and professionality of teaching, with a view to expert teaching training and performance.

RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer los caminos que recorren los profesores de enfermería en el curso técnico de Enfermería en busca de su formación docente. Método: investigación cualitativa, transversal, realizada con enfermeros profesores del curso técnico de Enfermería en una Escuela Técnica del Sistema Único de Salud en Ceará. Los datos se recopilaron a través de un grupo focal, en octubre de 2019, y se analizaron de acuerdo con el análisis de contenido temático de Bardin, con el soporte del Qualitative Data Analysis Software. Resultados: los caminos para la formación del docente de enfermería pasan por su motivación para la inserción en la docencia, cuyas razones se relacionan con la dificultad de ser empleado en tareas asistenciales, invitación a enseñar, oportunidad laboral o existencia de alguna necesidad; desempeño inicial en la docencia, que enfatiza la educación secundaria; y por la formación propiamente dicha, cuya necesidad fue corroborada y, a juicio de los participantes, suplida a través de la participación en las cualificaciones institucionales y la búsqueda personal de cursos de especialización. Conclusión: los caminos que recorren los profesores de enfermería en busca de su formación docente están relacionados con las razones por las que ingresan a la docencia, con el desempeño inicial en la docencia y con la propia formación docente, en cuanto a la constatación de su necesidad y las vías de acceso para dicha cualificación. La formación previa del enfermero para la práctica docente apunta, en última instancia, a la excelencia y la valoración profesional y al compromiso con el Sistema Único de Salud, por lo que es imperativo (re) formular políticas que consideren la complejidad y profesionalidad de la docencia, con miras a la obtención de formación y actuación docente especializada.

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer os caminhos percorridos pelos enfermeiros docentes do curso técnico de Enfermagem em busca da sua formação para a docência. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, transversal, realizada com enfermeiros professores do curso técnico de Enfermagem de uma Escola Técnica do Sistema Único de Saúde do Ceará. Os dados foram coletados através de grupo focal, em outubro de 2019, e analisados segundo análise de conteúdo temática de Bardin, com apoio do Qualitative Data Analysis Software. Resultados: os caminhos para a formação docente do enfermeiro perpassam pela sua motivação para inserção na docência, cujos motivos relacionam-se com a dificuldade de empregar-se na assistência, convite para lecionar, oportunidade de trabalho ou existência de alguma necessidade; atuação inicial no ensino, a qual confere ênfase ao nível médio; e pela formação propriamente, que teve sua necessidade constatada e, na visão dos participantes, suprida mediante a participação em qualificações institucionais e busca pessoal por cursos de especialização. Conclusão: os caminhos percorridos pelos enfermeiros docentes em busca da sua formação para a docência guardam relação com os motivos pelos quais ingressam no ensino, com a atuação inicial no magistério e com a própria formação docente, referente à constatação da sua necessidade e vias acessadas para tal qualificação. A formação prévia do enfermeiro para o exercício docente aponta, em última análise, para a excelência e valorização profissional e compromisso com o Sistema Único de Saúde. Assim, torna-se imperativa a (re)formulação de políticas que considerem a complexidade e profissionalidade do ensino, com vistas a uma formação e atuação docente experta.

A formação de futuros professores no Programa Escola Integrada (PEI) / The training of future teachers in aintegrated school program (PEI) / Formación de futuros profesores en el programa escuela integrada (PEI)

O presente artigo trata dos resultados parciais da pesquisa "Educação Básica e Família: reproduções e invenções no Programa Escola Integrada (PEI) de Belo Horizonte" que objetiva investigar as relações estabelecidas entre estudantes, professores, escolas e família. O PEI é um programa de formação docente implantado e mantido pela Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte, com base na ampliação da jornada escolar, do qual fazem parte estudantes universitários de diferentes licenciaturas. A metodologia utilizada para abranger a complexidade dessas relações é a pesquisa-intervenção e as ideias de Deleuze e Guattari seu marco teórico. A partir do grupo de estudos feitos em conjunto com os estudantes e os professores supervisores do programa e de entrevistas, analisamos o processo de formação docente, mapeando as linhas duras, flexíveis e de fuga do rizoma PEI. Concluímos que a formação docente é uma experimentação na qual a invenção é necessária resistir à precarização da educação.

This article presents the partial results of the research "Basic Education and Family: reproductions and inventions in the Integrated School Program (PEI) of Belo Horizonte" that aims to investigate the relationships established between students, teachers, schools and family. The PEI is a teacher training program implemented and maintained by the Municipality of Belo Horizonte, based on the expansion of the school day, which includes university students from different university courses. The methodology used to cover the complexity of these relationships is the research-intervention and the ideas of Deleuze and Guattari its theoretical framework. From the group of studies made together with the students and the supervising teachers of the program and interviews, we analyze the process of teacher training, mapping the hard, flexible and escape lines of the PEI rhizome. We concluded that teacher training is an experimentation in which invention is necessary to resist the precariousness of education. (AU)

Este artículo trata de los resultados parciales de la investigación "Educación Básica y Familia: reproducciones e invenciones en el Programa Escolar Integrado (PEI) de Belo Horizonte", investiga las relaciones establecidas entre los estudiantes, los profesores, las escuelas y la familia. El PEI es un programa de formación de profesores mantenido por la Municipalidad de Belo Horizonte, basado en la ampliación de la jornada escolar, incluyendo a estudiantes universitarios de diferentes grados. La metodología utilizada es la investigación-intervención y las ideas de Deleuze y Guattari su marco teórico. A partir del grupo de estudios realizados junto con los estudiantes y los profesores supervisores del programa y de las entrevistas, analizamos el proceso de formación de los profesores, mapeando las líneas duras, flexibles y de escape del rizoma PEI. Concluimos que la formación de profesores es un experimento en el que la invención es necesaria para resistir la precariedad de la educación. (AU)

Claustro docente en Medicina: dos procesos de acreditación en la Facultad Salvador Allende / Faculty in the Medical Major: two accreditation processes at Salvador Allende School

Introducción: A nivel internacional, la comunidad universitaria considera no pensar en la calidad de la educación superior como un fin disociado de la inserción concreta de la universidad en un determinado contexto social. La evaluación de la calidad aparece en la agenda de los países a mediados de la década de los años 90, como consecuencia de dos fenómenos complementarios: el incremento de la demanda y el desarrollo del sector de corte empresarial. Objetivo: Caracterizar el potencial y la producción científica del claustro docente de la carrera de Medicina de la Facultad Salvador Allende en dos procesos de evaluación externa. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, retrospectivo, con carácter comparativo-descriptivo del claustro docente, durante los procesos de evaluación externa de los años 2013 y 2019, incluidos 340 y 381 profesores, respectivamente. Se utilizaron métodos descriptivos, medidas absolutas y relativas para variables cualitativas y cuantitativas, aplicada la prueba de comparación de medias en muestras independientes y pareadas. Resultados: La acreditación de 2019 mostró un incremento de profesores con categorías titular o auxiliar y grado científico. El total de los profesores principales de las disciplinas y años de la carrera ostentaban categorías superiores como máster o especialista de primer grado. Conclusiones: Se evidenció estabilidad y desarrollo del claustro docente, e insuficiente incremento de grado científico y especialista de segundo grado. Las ponencias en eventos científicos se incrementaron por profesor, así como los índices de publicación, con predominio de los grupos I y II(AU)

Introduction: Internationally, the university community considers not thinking about higher education quality as an aim dissociated from concrete university insertion in a certain social context. Quality assessment appeared on the countries' agendas in the mid-1990s, as a consequence of two complementary phenomenons: the increase in demand and the development of the business sector. Objective: To characterize scientific potential resources and production of the faculty of the medical major at Salvador Allende School in two external assessment processes. Methods: A qualitative, retrospective, comparative-descriptive study of the faculty was carried out during two external assessment processes, in 2013 and 2019, including 340 and 381 professors, respectively. Descriptive methods, as well as absolute and relative measures were used for qualitative and quantitative variables, applying the means comparison test in independent and paired samples. Results: The 2019 accreditation showed an increase in the numbers of full and auxiliary professors and a scientific degree. The whole number of the main professors of the disciplines and from the academic years of the major held higher categories, such as a master's degree, or first-degree specialist. Conclusions: Stability and development of the faculty was evidenced, as well as insufficient increase in the numbers of scientific degrees and second-degree specialists. Presentations in scientific events increased per professor, as it was for the case of publication rates, with a predominance of groups I and II(AU)

Formación del docente de Enfermería en metodologías activas de aprendizajes: ¿Es necesario en los saberes? / Nursing teacher training in active learning methodologies: ¿Is it necessary for knowledge?

Introducción: La formación del docente de Enfermería tiene ante sí el reto de su profesionalización, en un mundo caracterizado por la globalización, un acelerado desarrollo de la ciencia, las tecnologías y complejos procesos de cambios que requieren de nuevas transformaciones del conocimiento; es una necesidad la actualización de saberes más avanzados en metodologías activas en el docente de enfermería como un proceso continuo y simultáneo para alcanzar multihabilidades y valores. Objetivo: Describir los aspectos fundamentales que conforman el proceso de formación del docente de Enfermería en metodologías activas de aprendizajes en las instituciones de educación superior. Material y Métodos: El presente estudio es de diseño descriptivo, con un análisis de la información de manera inductiva, se examinaron 76 textos en las bases de datos Scopus, Scielo, Eric, empleadas como fuentes de investigación. Tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se abordó el estudio con un total de 27 artículos. Conclusiones: Todas las profesiones, oficios se verán afectados de una manera u otra en esta crucial avanzada por lo que es imprescindible el papel de las instituciones de educación superior en la emergente implementación y enseñanza de las metodologías activas que hoy anhelan ser aplicadas de manera insoslayable en los diferentes saberes; la profesión y ciencia de Enfermería no está exenta de ello; lo que busca un proceso transformador de profesionales competentes hacia una sociedad laboral competitiva(AU)

Introduction: Nursing teacher training is a professional challenge in a world characterized by globalization, accelerated development of science and technologies and complex processes of change that require new transformations of knowledge; an updating of the most advanced knowledge in active methodologies for nursing professors as a continuous and simultaneous process to promote multi-abilities and values is a must. Objective: To describe the main aspects that make up the Nursing teacher training process in active learning methodologies in higher education centers. Material and Methods: Descriptive study with an inductive content analysis. A total of 76 bibliographies were examined in the Scopus, Scielo, and Eric databases, which were used as research sources. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the study was approached with a total of 27 articles. Conclusions: All professions and experiences will be affected in one way or another in this crucial advance, so the role of higher education centers is essential in the emerging implementation and teaching of active methodologies that today yearn to be applied in an unavoidable way in the different fields of knowledge. The profession and Nursing science is not exempt from this trend and looks for a transforming process of competent professionals towards a competitive society of labor(AU)

La educación alimentaria y nutricional: un estudio descriptivo en la formación del docente de Biología / Food and nutritional education: descriptive study in the training of Biology teachers

RESUMEN Introducción: el docente de Biología debe contribuir a la educación para la salud, y dentro de ella a la educación alimentaria y nutricional de los estudiantes, mediante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los contenidos relacionados con la Biología. Objetivo: describir los conocimientos y comportamientos sobre educación alimentaria y nutricional que poseen los estudiantes de la carrera de Licenciatura en Educación, especialidad Biología, en la Universidad de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los conocimientos y comportamientos sobre educación alimentaria y nutricional en 21 estudiantes de la carrera de Licenciatura en Educación, especialidad Biología, de la Universidad de Matanzas, en enero de 2020. Los métodos teóricos empleados fueron el histórico-lógico, el analítico-sintético y el inductivo-deductivo. Como método empírico se utilizó la encuesta. Resultados: los estudiantes presentan insuficientes conocimientos sobre los nutrientes que aportan diversos alimentos, y desconocimiento sobre las biomoléculas y su importancia para el correcto funcionamiento del organismo. Muestran interés por el consumo de la comida denominada chatarra, y obvian la necesidad del consumo de vegetales, frutas y viandas hervidas. Conclusiones: los estudiantes encuestados presentaron limitados conocimientos sobre alimentación y nutrición como procesos inherentes a la vida humana, que determinan la educación alimentaria y nutricional como un factor básico para evitar enfermedades que repercuten en su salud, e impiden que puedan realizar su labor educativa como docentes de Biología, líderes de la promoción de salud en la escuela y la comunidad (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: the teacher who teaches Biology must make good use of the different curricular contents to contribute to health education and within it to food and nutritional education of students. Objective: to describe the knowledge and behaviors on food and nutrition education that students of the degree course of Education in Biology of the University of Matanzas have. Materials and methods: a descriptive study of the knowledge and behavior on food and nutritional education in 21 students of the degree course of Education in Biology of the University of Matanzas, in January 2020. The theoretical methods used were the historic-logical, the analytical-synthetic, and the inductive-deductive one. The survey was used as empiric method. Results: the students showed not enough knowledge on the nutrients provided by different foods, not knowing about biomolecules and their importance for the proper functioning of the body. They evidenced their preference for the consumption of the so called junk food, obviating the need of green vegetables, fruits and boiled vegetables. Conclusions: the surveyed students presented limited knowledge on food and nutrition as processes inherent to human life, which determine food and nutritional education as a basic factor to avoid diseases that affect their health. It is a constraint for carrying out an adequate educative work as Biology teachers and future leaders of health promotion at school and in the community (AU).

The Irie Classroom Toolbox, a universal violence-prevention teacher-training programme, in Jamaican preschools: a single-blind, cluster-randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Violence is a leading global public health problem, and interventions in early childhood are important in the primary prevention of violence. We tested whether the Irie Classroom Toolbox, a violence-prevention teacher-training programme reduced violence against children by teachers and reduced class-wide child aggression in Jamaican preschools (catering to children aged 3-6 years). METHODS: We did a single-blind, cluster-randomised controlled trial in 76 preschools in Kingston and St Andrew, randomly selected, using simple randomisation, from 120 eligible preschools. Inclusion criteria were two to four classes of children; at least ten children per class; and located in an urban area. We randomly assigned preschools (1:1) to either the Irie Classroom Toolbox intervention or waiting-list control that received no intervention, using a computer-generated randomisation sequence by an independent statistician masked to school identity. The Toolbox involved training teachers in classroom behaviour management and promoting child social-emotional competence. All assessors were masked to group assignment. All teachers and classrooms in the selected schools participated in the study. Within each school, we used simple randomisation to randomly select up to 12 children aged 4 years for evaluation of child outcomes. The Toolbox intervention was implemented from August to April the following year. Teacher and classroom measures were done at baseline (the summer school term; ie, May to June), post-intervention (after 8 months of intervention; ie, May to June of the following year), and 1-year follow-up (ie, May to June 2 years later). The primary outcomes were observations of violence against children (including physical violence and psychological aggression) by teachers occurring across one full school day, and class-wide child aggression occurring over five 20-min intervals on another school day, all measured at post-intervention and 1-year follow-up and analysed by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN11968472. FINDINGS: Between June 22, 2015, and April 29, 2016, (after baseline measurements were completed), we assigned 38 preschools (with 119 teachers) to the Toolbox intervention and 38 preschools (with 110 teachers) to control. 441 children in the intervention schools and 424 in the control schools were included in the evaluation. All schools were included in the post-intervention and follow-up analyses. There were fewer counts of violence against children by teachers in the intervention schools compared with control schools at post-intervention (median counts 3 [IQR 0-11] vs 15 [3-35]; effect size -67·12%, 95% CI -80·71 to -53·52, p<0·0001) and 1-year follow-up (median counts 3 [IQR 0-9] vs 6 [1-16]; effect size -53·86, 95% CI -71·08 to -36·65, p<0·0001). No differences between groups were found for class-wide child aggression at post-intervention (effect size 0·07, 95% CI -0·16 to 0·29, p=0·72) or 1-year follow-up (-0·14, -0·42 to 0·16, p=0·72). INTERPRETATION: In Jamaican preschools, the Irie Classroom Toolbox effectively reduced violence against children by teachers. The Toolbox was designed for use with undertrained teachers working in low-resource settings and should be effective with early childhood practitioners in other LMICs. Additional research is needed to further develop the Toolbox to reduce class-wide child aggression. FUNDING: Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust, UK Aid, and the National Institute of Health Research.

Clinical skills assessment and feedback in pediatric residency / Avaliação de habilidades clínicas e feedback na residência médica em Pediatria

Abstract: Introduction: A medical residency is the specialization par excellence in medical training and the program is responsible for ensuring that the recently graduated doctor reaches the established level of competence. A well-prepared assessment system with feedback is an effective tool to enhance the performance of future specialists and guarantee their qualification. Objective: To analyze the assessment system for pediatric residents at a university hospital, aiming to promote teaching training in assessment methods. Methodology: educational action research (research-teaching), conducted with teachers and preceptors in the pediatric residency of a university hospital. The stages consisted of: a) the application of a questionnaire on participant profile and assessment methods used to evaluate the medical residents; b) intervention (workshop) on the assessment of clinical skills and feedback; c) immediate assessment after the workshop, by applying another questionnaire based on level 1 of the Kirkpatrick model. Simple statistical analysis was used for the objective data and the content analysis, according to recommendations by Malheiros (2011) and Bardin (2013), for the qualitative part. Result: Ten (48%) of the 21 participants declared not being formally trained in assessment and that they applied the more traditional methods learned from personal experience. Regarding the assessment methods, 81% (17/21) of the participants used more than one, aiming to obtain a more encompassing and reliable assessment. However, none of the teachers/preceptors used a systematized assessment of the clinical skills or provided feedback to the medical residents. After the workshop, with a focus on assessing performance in a simulated 'Objective Structured Clinical Examination' (OSCE) environment, all the participants were favorable to apply the OSCE in their teaching-learning practice with residents and undergraduate students, reaching Kirkpatrick level 3. Conclusion: The action research helped identify limitations in the assessment and feedback system of the pediatric resident physician. The methodology used revealed an aggregating effect and contributed to the development of the collaborative and integrative sense in the group. However, it was not enough to positively interfere with the pediatric medical residency assessment in the short term.

Resumo: Introdução: A residência médica é a especialização por excelência na formação do médico, e cabe ao programa assegurar que o residente egresso atinja o nível almejado de competência. Um sistema avaliativo bem elaborado e com feedback é ferramenta efetiva para aprimorar o desempenho do futuro especialista e garantir a qualificação dele. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o sistema de avaliação do médico residente em pediatria de um hospital universitário, com o intuito de promover a formação docente em métodos avaliativos. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação educacional (pesquisa-ensino) realizada com docentes e preceptores da residência médica em pediatria de um hospital universitário. As etapas consistiram em: 1. aplicação de questionário sobre o perfil dos participantes e os métodos avaliativos utilizados com os residentes; 2. intervenção com a realização de um workshop sobre avaliação de habilidades clínicas e feedback; 3. avaliação imediata, após o workshop, com aplicação de outro questionário, elaborado com base no nível 1 do método Kirkpatrick. Utilizaram-se a análise estatística simples, para os dados objetivos, e a análise de conteúdo, segundo recomendações de Malheiros e Bardin, para a parte qualitativa. Resultado: Dos 21 participantes, dez (48%) informaram que não tinham capacitação formal em avaliação e que utilizavam métodos avaliativos mais tradicionais. Quanto aos métodos, 81% (17/21) dos participantes informaram que utilizavam mais de um, com finalidade somativa, para obter uma avaliação mais abrangente e fidedigna. No entanto, nenhum utilizava uma avaliação sistematizada de habilidades clínicas com fornecimento de feedback. Após o workshop com enfoque em avaliação de desempenho em ambiente simulado, em que se adotou o Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), os participantes utilizaram, com os internos, o método avaliativo do aprendizado na sua prática cotidiana, e, dessa forma, o treinamento atingiu o nível 3 de Kirkpatrick. Conclusão: A pesquisa-ação propiciou identificar limitações no sistema de avaliação e feedback do médico residente em pediatria. A metodologia utilizada revelou um efeito agregador e contribuiu para desenvolver o sentido colaborativo e integrativo no grupo. No entanto, não foi suficiente para interferir positivamente, em curto prazo, na avaliação da residência médica em pediatria.

Relações de gênero na rede municipal de belo horizonte: formação docente continuada / Relaciones de género en la red municipal de belo horizonte: formación continuada / Gender relations in the municipal network of belo horizonte: continuous teacher training

RESUMO. Este texto apresenta o relato reflexivo do projeto de formação continuada docente na rede municipal de educação de Belo Horizonte, entre 2015 e 2018, no campo das relações de gênero. A parceria entre a Secretaria Municipal de Educação e a Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais promoveu as condições necessárias para a realização e integração das atividades acadêmicas de extensão, ensino e pesquisa nos níveis da graduação e pós-graduação. Apesar do contexto político nacional das ofensivas antigênero no campo educacional, a demanda por ações formativas partiu de docentes e gestores/as da educação ao se depararem com os impactos das assimetrias na aprendizagem entre meninas e meninos, bem como situações de violência de gênero na escola. À luz dos pressupostos teóricos pós- estruturalistas de gênero, a formação utiliza metodologias diversificadas como grupos de estudo, seminários, oficinas pedagógicas e estudos de caso em diferentes espaços da cidade como escolas, universidade e museus. A análise dos quatro anos do projeto revela a importância de uma abordagem interdisciplinar das relações de gênero e de caráter permanente, pois ações formativas isoladas têm se mostrado ineficazes.

RESUMEN. En este texto se presenta el informe de reflexión del proyecto de formación continua de profesores y profesoras de la Red Municipal de Educación de Belo Horizonte, entre 2015 y 2018, en el ámbito de las relaciones de género. La asociación entre el Departamento Municipal de Educación y la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Minas Gerais promovió las condiciones necesarias a la realización e integración de las actividades académicas de extensión, enseñanza e investigación en los niveles de licenciatura y posgrado. A pesar del contexto político nacional de las ofensivas de género en el ámbito educativo, la demanda de acciones de capacitación provino de los maestros y administradores de la educación cuando se enfrentaron a los impactos de las asimetrías en el aprendizaje entre niñas y niños, así como a situaciones de violencia de género en la escuela. A la luz de los supuestos teóricos postestructuralistas de género, la capacitación utiliza diversas metodologías como grupos de estudio, seminarios, talleres pedagógicos y estudios de caso en diferentes espacios de la ciudad como escuelas, universidades y museos. El análisis de los cuatro años del proyecto muestra la importancia de un enfoque interdisciplinario de las relaciones de género de carácter permanente, ya que las acciones formativas aisladas han demostrado ser ineficaces.

ABSTRACT. This text presents the reflective report of the project of continuous teacher training in the Municipal Education Network of Belo Horizonte, between 2015 and 2018, in the field of gender relations. Partnership between the Municipal Department of Education and the Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais promoted the necessary conditions for the implementation and integration of academic activities of extension, education and research at undergraduate and graduate levels. Despite the national political context of gender offensives in the educational field, the demand for training actions came from teachers and education managers when they faced the impacts of asymmetries in learning between girls and boys, as well as situations of gender violence at school. In the light of the post-structuralist theoretical assumptions of gender, training uses diverse methodologies such as study groups, seminars, pedagogical workshops and case studies in different spaces of the city, such as schools, universities and museums. The analysis of the four years of the project revealed the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to gender relations of a permanent nature, since isolated training actions have proved ineffective.

What teachers need to know and be able to do: A view from teachers, students, and principals in the Brazilian context.

The aim of this study was to determine the main characteristics of a "good teacher" through the use of questionnaires designed to assess teaching skills and competences, considering the point of view of teachers, principals, and students. In total, 82 teachers, 14 principals, and 625 middle-school students from 5 public schools in São Paulo state participated in this study. Two questionnaires were applied, one designed for teachers and principals and the other for students. First, teachers and principals completed their specific questionnaire, after which the other questionnaire was applied to the students. Both questionnaires contained multiple choice questions related to eight distinct subsections. The questions were answered through the use of a Likert scale, varying from 1 ("totally disagree") to 5 ("totally agree"). The comparisons of the frequency of responses among all questionnaire subsections between teachers and principals were analyzed using a Chi-Square and the z-test, with P-values adjusted to the Bonferroni method. The statistical significance level was set as P < 0.05. The subsection "class atmosphere" presented the highest percentage of response "totally agree", closely followed by "professional engagement". Significant differences (P < 0.05) in responses were observed between teachers and principals for "teaching planning and practice", "use of time and material resources to develop classes", and "professional engagement" domains. In summary, it was demonstrated that some teaching characteristics might be more important than others, with some of these characteristics exhibiting significant differences between groups. Nevertheless, it is crucial to emphasize that all assessed educational domains may be recognized as critical teaching qualities, as all of them presented high levels of "totally agree" responses.

Adopt a Bacterium: a professional development opportunity for teacher assistants.

Science teaching in most Brazilian Universities tends to focus mainly on lectures and provides few opportunities for the development of modern teaching skills. Our group developed an online tool called Adopt a Bacterium, which consists on a Facebook group where teacher assistants (TAs) can interact with students and have a first contact with student-focused learning approaches. This work shows the TAs' own assessment of how the tool could be further explored to help them develop skills and become better teachers.

Intervalo de confianza para el porcentaje poblacional de profesores con categoría docente Asistente / Confidence interval for the percent of teaching population with category of Teaching Assistant

RESUMEN En el proceso de autoevaluación de las carreras de Estomatología y Medicina para su acreditación en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas en Cuba, dentro de la variable profesores se señala como una debilidad de los claustros docentes, el no predominio de las categorías principales titular y auxiliar, con un grupo de profesores mayoritariamente en la categoría de asistente, lo que motivó que se realizara la estimación de un intervalo de confianza para el verdadero valor del porcentaje de profesores con categoría asistente en el claustro de la Universidad con el objetivo de opinar basado en un método sólido y sencillo el rango de valores donde posiblemente se encuentre el valor real, utilizando las fórmulas del intervalo estándar y el de Wilson (AU).

SUMMARY The non-predominance of the main categories of Main Professor and Lecturer, with a group of professors mostly in the category of Assistant was pointed out in the variable Teachers, as weakness of the faculties in the auto evaluation process of Stomatology and Medicine undergraduate studies for their accreditation in the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas in Cuba; it motivated the estimation of a confidence interval for the true value of the percent of teachers with category of Assistant in the University staff with the aim of holding a position based on a solid and simple method, on the rank of values where possibly is the real value, using the standard and Wilson´s interval formula (AU).

Cooperation program for volunteer medical students for training in pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation and accident prevention in Honduras.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze a training program in accident prevention and care and Pediatric Basic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation taught by medical students. RESULTS: Medical students were trained as instructors. Four courses of were launched in Honduras, and the results were analyzed through a theoretical and practical evaluation and an anonymous survey. The volunteer experience for the students and the benefits to the population were positively valued. 37 students received the training. The score in the initial theoretical evaluation was 5.9 of 17 and in the final 10.5, p < 0.001. 89.1% and 91.9% of the students achieved adequate practical learning in basic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for children and infants respectively. The course was rated excellently by the students. We conclude that a training program in accident prevention and care and Pediatric Basic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation taught by medical students could be useful in a cooperation health program.

Training of early childhood teachers for the use of successful shared reading strategies. / Capacitação de professores do ensino infantil para o uso de estratégias bem-sucedidas de leitura compartilhada.

PURPOSE: Verify the effects of a training program held with pre-school teachers to carry out specific strategies in shared reading and generalize these strategies in other daily activities of oral language motivation. METHODS: A total of 14 teachers from low socioeconomic level schools participated in the study. The teachers were randomly distributed in an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group attended training on how to use five strategies during shared reading in the classroom and discuss how to motivate their students towards oral language. To evaluate the effectiveness of training, two instruments were applied pre- and post-intervention. The Assessment Scale of Oral Language Teaching in School (EVALOE) was applied to analyze the teaching of oral language and the Checklist was used to characterize the behavioral changes of the teachers during shared reading. RESULTS: Overall, EVALOE data were higher at post-intervention analysis for 11 of the 13 participants. Checklist showed that 10 of the 13 teachers presented higher post-intervention total scores compared with their respective pre-intervention scores. CONCLUSION: The training program provided improvement in teacher behavior during shared reading activities and demonstrated to have a positive impact on the increase of interactions, previously identified in the literature as important for oral language motivation.

OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos de uma capacitação realizada com professores do ensino infantil para a realização de estratégias específicas na leitura compartilhada e a generalização dessas estratégias em outras atividades cotidianas de estimulação da linguagem oral. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 14 professores do ensino infantil de escolas de nível socioeconômico baixo. Os professores foram distribuídos aleatoriamente entre grupo experimental e grupo controle. O grupo experimental realizou uma capacitação, a qual tinha o objetivo de ensinar os professores a utilizarem cinco estratégias durante a leitura compartilhada com seus alunos e discutir sobre como estimular a linguagem oral. Para avaliar a eficácia da capacitação, foram aplicados dois instrumentos antes e após a intervenção. A escala de avaliação do ensino de linguagem oral em contexto escolar (EVALOE) foi aplicada para analisar a estimulação da linguagem oral e o Checklist para caracterizar as mudanças comportamentais dos professores durante a leitura compartilhada. RESULTADOS: No geral, observa-se que os dados da EVALOE foram mais elevados na análise pós-intervenção para 11 dos 13 participantes. Nota-se por meio do Checklist que, dos 13 professores, 10 apresentaram um total de pontos maior quando comparado com os pontos obtidos por cada um deles antes da capacitação. CONCLUSÃO: A capacitação apresentou melhoras no comportamento dos professores durante as atividades de leitura compartilhada e demonstrou ter impacto positivo no aumento de interações, previamente apontadas pela literatura como importantes para a estimulação da linguagem oral.

Capacitação de professores do ensino infantil para o uso de estratégias bem-sucedidas de leitura compartilhada / Training of early childhood teachers for the use of successful shared reading strategies

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar os efeitos de uma capacitação realizada com professores do ensino infantil para a realização de estratégias específicas na leitura compartilhada e a generalização dessas estratégias em outras atividades cotidianas de estimulação da linguagem oral. Método Participaram do estudo 14 professores do ensino infantil de escolas de nível socioeconômico baixo. Os professores foram distribuídos aleatoriamente entre grupo experimental e grupo controle. O grupo experimental realizou uma capacitação, a qual tinha o objetivo de ensinar os professores a utilizarem cinco estratégias durante a leitura compartilhada com seus alunos e discutir sobre como estimular a linguagem oral. Para avaliar a eficácia da capacitação, foram aplicados dois instrumentos antes e após a intervenção. A escala de avaliação do ensino de linguagem oral em contexto escolar (EVALOE) foi aplicada para analisar a estimulação da linguagem oral e o Checklist para caracterizar as mudanças comportamentais dos professores durante a leitura compartilhada. Resultados No geral, observa-se que os dados da EVALOE foram mais elevados na análise pós-intervenção para 11 dos 13 participantes. Nota-se por meio do Checklist que, dos 13 professores, 10 apresentaram um total de pontos maior quando comparado com os pontos obtidos por cada um deles antes da capacitação. Conclusão A capacitação apresentou melhoras no comportamento dos professores durante as atividades de leitura compartilhada e demonstrou ter impacto positivo no aumento de interações, previamente apontadas pela literatura como importantes para a estimulação da linguagem oral.

ABSTRACT Purpose Verify the effects of a training program held with pre-school teachers to carry out specific strategies in shared reading and generalize these strategies in other daily activities of oral language motivation. Methods A total of 14 teachers from low socioeconomic level schools participated in the study. The teachers were randomly distributed in an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group attended training on how to use five strategies during shared reading in the classroom and discuss how to motivate their students towards oral language. To evaluate the effectiveness of training, two instruments were applied pre- and post-intervention. The Assessment Scale of Oral Language Teaching in School (EVALOE) was applied to analyze the teaching of oral language and the Checklist was used to characterize the behavioral changes of the teachers during shared reading. Results Overall, EVALOE data were higher at post-intervention analysis for 11 of the 13 participants. Checklist showed that 10 of the 13 teachers presented higher post-intervention total scores compared with their respective pre-intervention scores. Conclusion The training program provided improvement in teacher behavior during shared reading activities and demonstrated to have a positive impact on the increase of interactions, previously identified in the literature as important for oral language motivation.

The image of physical education teachers held by students from two universities / A imagem dos professores de educação física de alunos de duas universidades

ABSTRACT This study analyses the image that students of initial physical education teacher education (PETE) from two different universities (University of Alicante- UA, Spain, and Central University of Ecuador-UCE) have of physical education teachers. This qualitative and comparative study uses a metaphorical approach. Qualitative methodology was used to analyse the participating students metaphors in order to explore whether or not they suit the current learning and teaching perspectives in the field of Physical Education, and whether the images conveyed any differences between universities due to the influence of the context in the Physical Education teacher image and in gender stereotypes. A total of 190 students participated in the study (n= 105 men; n= 85 women). The software AQUAD 7 was used to process the data. The results showed that there were no obvious gender differences that keep women away from physical activity. As well as not excessive differences due to the different context of the participants.

RESUMO Este estudo analisa a imagem que alunos de educação inicial de professores de educação física de duas universidades diferentes (Universidade de Alicante - UA, Espanha e Universidade Central do Equador - UCE) possuem professores de educação física. Este estudo qualitativo e comparativo utiliza uma abordagem metafórica. A metodologia qualitativa foi utilizada para analisar as metáforas dos alunos participantes, a fim de explorar se elas se adequam ou não às perspectivas atuais de aprendizagem e ensino no campo da Educação Física, e se as imagens transmitiram alguma diferença entre as universidades devido à influência do contexto na imagem do professor de Educação Física e nos estereótipos de gênero. Um total de 190 alunos participaram do estudo (n= 105 homens; n= 85 mulheres). O software AQUAD 7 foi utilizado para processar os dados. Os resultados mostraram que não havia diferenças de gênero óbvias que afastassem as mulheres da atividade física. Assim como não há diferenças excessivas devido ao contexto diferente dos participantes.