Comparison of early and late removal of the urinary catheter after rectal cancer surgery.

OBJECTIVE: This study is aiming to compare the results of early and late removal of urinary catheters after rectal cancer surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who undergone rectal cancer surgery in a single center were included in this prospective randomized study. The timing of the urinary catheter removal was randomized by a computer-assisted program and divided into 2 groups, which are early (first 48 h) and late (after 48 h). The primary outcome of this study was to compare the urinary retention and re-catheterization rates between patients with early and those with late catheter removal. RESULTS: Sixty-six patients were included in this study. The median age was 60 (31-88 years), and the patient group was predominantly male (n: 40, 60.9%). Urinary retention after catheter removal developed in 8 (12%) of 66 patients. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of the need for re-catheterization (14% vs. 10%, p: 0.63). All the patients who required re-catheterization (n: 8) and were discharged with a urinary catheter (n: 4) were male. When the male and female patients were evaluated separately, there was no difference in urinary retention in the early or late groups. CONCLUSIONS: Early or late removal of the catheter does not play a role in the development of urinary retention in patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery.

OBJETIVO: Comparar los resultados de la retirada precoz y tardía de la sonda urinaria tras la cirugía de cáncer rectal. MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo aleatorizado que incluyó pacientes sometidos a cirugía de cáncer rectal en un único centro. El momento de la retirada de la sonda urinaria se aleatorizó y se dividió en dos grupos: primeras 48 horas y después de 48 horas. Se compararon las tasas de retención urinaria y de nueva cateterización entre los pacientes con retirada precoz y tardía de la sonda. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 66 pacientes, con una mediana de edad de 60 años (31-88 años) y predominio del sexo masculino (n = 40, 60.9%). Se produjo retención urinaria tras la retirada de la sonda en 8 (12%). No hubo diferencias entre los dos grupos en cuanto a necesidad de nueva cateterización (14% frente a 10%, p = 0.63). Todos los pacientes que precisaron un nuevo cateterismo (n = 8) y fueron dados de alta con una sonda urinaria (n = 4) eran varones. CONCLUSIONES: La retirada precoz o tardía de la sonda no influye en la aparición de retención urinaria en pacientes intervenidos de cáncer de recto.

Incidence of urinary retention and relations between patient's complaint, physical examination, and bladder ultrasound.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency of urinary complaints, bladder globe, and need for bladder relief catheterization according to ultrasound; to investigate the relationship between the urinary volume estimated by ultrasound and the one drained in catheterization; and to describe the relationship of patient's complaints and detection of bladder globe with the diagnosis of urinary retention. METHOD: A cross-sectional study with clinical patients with suspected urinary retention in a tertiary hospital, conducted from February to September 2018. Urinary volume ≥500 mL in ultrasound was considered urinary retention. RESULTS: Two hundred and five evaluations were performed in 44 patients. Urinary retention was detected by ultrasound in 33.2% of the evaluations. There was a strong correlation between ultrasound and bladder catheterization. There was a higher frequency of identification of bladder globe in urinary volumes ≥300 mL. CONCLUSION: The incidence of urinary retention was higher when ultrasound was used for the diagnosis, when compared to patient's complaint and physical examination. Ultrasound showed to be accurate in establishing urinary volume.

Cateter hidrofílico para cateterismo vesical intermitente em indivíduos com lesão medular e bexiga neurogênica / Hydrophilic catheter for intermittent bladder catheterization in individuals with spinal cord injury and neurogenic bladder

CONTEXTO: No Brasil estima-se que a incidência de trauma raquimedular é de 40 casos novos/ano/milhão de habitantes, sendo que 80% das vítimas são homens e 60% se encontram entre os 10 e 30 anos de idade. As repercussões urológicas causadas pela lesão na medula espinhal constituem um dos principais desafios durante a reabilitação, pois o mau funcionamento vesical pode, quando assistido inadequadamente, acarretar complicações que vão desde a infecção urinária, cálculos vesicais, refluxo vesicoureteral, hidronefrose e, em casos extremos, perda da função renal. No indivíduo com bexiga neurogênica em função da lesão medular deve-se garantir esvaziamento vesical a baixa pressão, evitar estase urinária e perdas involuntárias. Na maior parte dos casos, este esvaziamento deverá ser feito por cateterismo vesical intermitente, instituído de forma mandatória desde a alta hospitalar. Infecções do trato urinário são extremamente frequentes nos lesados medulares sendo a principal doença infecciosa que os acom

The role of bladder diverticula in the prevalence of acute urinary retention in patients with BPH who are candidates to surgery

ABSTRACT Introduction: The urinary bladder diverticula (BD) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a complication that can lead to urinary stasis, stone, urinary tract infection (UTI) and tumors. It's role in acute urinary retention (AUR) is not totally understood. Objectives: To determine the effect of BD size on AUR rates in patients with BPH candidates to surgery. Subjects and Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 47 patients with BPH and BD who underwent BPH surgery associated to complete bladder diverticulectomy from 2006 to 2016. We analyzed risk factors for AUR in patients with BD using univariate, multivariate and correlation analysis. Results: There was a difference in the size of the diverticula, with 6.8 cm vs. 4.5 cm among patients with and without AUR respectively (p=0.005). The ROC curve showed a correlation between the size of BD and the risk of AUR. The value of 5.15 cm presented a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 72%. The area under the curve was 0.75 (p=0.01). Comparing groups with BD >5.0 cm vs. ≤5.0 cm, the AUR incidence was 74% and 27.8% respectively with an OR of 2.65 (1.20-5.85) (p=0.005). In the multivariate analysis, only the size of the diverticula reached statistical significance (p=0.012). Conclusions: The diameter of BD is an independent risk factor for AUR in patients with BPH and BD who are candidates to surgery. A diameter greater than 5.15 cm increases the risk of AUR.

The role of bladder diverticula in the prevalence of acute urinary retention in patients with BPH who are candidates to surgery.

INTRODUCTION: The urinary bladder diverticula (BD) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a complication that can lead to urinary stasis, stone, urinary tract infection (UTI) and tumors. It's role in acute urinary retention (AUR) is not totally understood. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of BD size on AUR rates in patients with BPH candidates to surgery. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 47 patients with BPH and BD who underwent BPH surgery associated to complete bladder diverticulectomy from 2006 to 2016. We analyzed risk factors for AUR in patients with BD using univariate, multivariate and correlation analysis. RESULTS: There was a difference in the size of the diverticula, with 6.8 cm vs. 4.5 cm among patients with and without AUR respectively (p=0.005). The ROC curve showed a correlation between the size of BD and the risk of AUR. The value of 5.15 cm presented a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 72%. The area under the curve was 0.75 (p=0.01). Comparing groups with BD >5.0 cm vs. ≤5.0 cm, the AUR incidence was 74% and 27.8% respectively with an OR of 2.65 (1.20-5.85) (p=0.005). In the multivariate analysis, only the size of the diverticula reached statistical significance (p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: The diameter of BD is an independent risk factor for AUR in patients with BPH and BD who are candidates to surgery. A diameter greater than 5.15 cm increases the risk of AUR.

Prospective and randomized clinical trial comparing transobturator versus retropubic sling in terms of efficacy and safety.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The midurethral sling is the most commonly performed surgical procedure for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). We compared the efficacy of transobturator tape (TOT) and retropubic (RP) slings by evaluating objective and subjective cure rates at 12 months postsurgery and evaluate the impact on quality of life (QoL) and record intra- and postoperative complications. METHODS: This was a randomized, controlled, prospective, clinical trial with analysis of noninferiority. The hypothesis was that the TOT sling is not inferior to the RP sling. A total of 92 women with SUI were selected and randomized into two groups: TOT and RP slings. RESULTS: Eighty-one patients maintained follow-up 12 months postoperatively. In the per-protocol analysis, the objective cure rates were 100% for the RP sling and 93% for the TOT sling (p = 0.029). The subjective cure rates were 92% for the RP sling and 90% for the TOT sling (p = 0.02). Because none of the upper limits of the confidence interval (CI) were above the noninferiority margin, noninferiority of the TOT sling could be concluded. In contrast, the intention-to-treat analysis could not show that the TOT sling was not inferior to the RP sling, because the upper limit of the CI surpassed the noninferiority margin. Postoperative complications were similar for both groups, except for higher urinary retention rates in the RP group. Regarding QoL, there was a significant improvement. CONCLUSIONS: The cure rates of the per-protocol analysis showed the noninferiority of the TOT relative to the RP sling. The RP sling group exhibited higher urinary retention. Quality of life improved significantly in both groups.

A Review of Adverse Events Related to Prostatic Artery Embolization for Treatment of Bladder Outlet Obstruction Due to BPH.

INTRODUCTION: Minimally invasive procedures have gained great importance among the treatments for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) due to their low morbidity. Prostate artery embolization has emerged as a safe and effective alternative for patients with large volume BPH, not suited for surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Low adverse events rates have been reported following prostate artery embolization and may include dysuria, urinary infection, hematuria, hematospermia, acute urinary retention and rectal bleeding. Although most complaints are reported as side effects, complications can also be superimposed. RESULTS: The prostate gland is the most common source of complaints following PAE, where the inflammatory process can create a large variety of localized symptoms. Periprostatic organs and structures such as bladder, rectum, penis, seminal vesicle, pelvis, bones and skin may be damaged by nontarget embolization, especially due to the misidentification of the normal vascular anatomy and variants or due to inadvertent embolic reflux. Radiodermatitis may also happen in case of small vessel size, atherosclerosis, the learning curve and long procedure or fluoroscopy times. DISCUSSION: Regarding safety, it is pivotal to understand the pathophysiology of adverse events following PAE and their standardized reporting. The aim of this article is to discuss adverse events, their management and to review the current literature.

Risk of urinary retention after nerve-sparing surgery for deep infiltrating endometriosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS: Recently, nerve-sparing (NS) techniques have been incorporated in surgeries for deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) to prevent urinary complications. Our aim was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the risk of urinary retention after NS surgery for DIE compared with classical (non-NS) techniques. METHODS: Following the MOOSE guidelines for systematic reviews of observational studies, data were collected from published research articles that compared NS techniques with non-NS techniques in DIE surgery, with regard to post-operative urinary complications. INCLUSION CRITERIA: randomized clinical trials, intervention or observational (cohort and case-control) studies assessing women who underwent surgery for painful DIE. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: cancer surgery and women submitted to bladder or ureteral resections. The respective relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted and a forest plot was generated to show individual and combined estimates. RESULTS: Preliminarily, 1,270 potentially relevant studies were identified from which four studies were selected. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the risk of urinary retention at discharge and 90 days after surgery. We found a common RR of 0.19 [95%CI: 0.03-1.17; (I2 = 50.20%; P = 0.09)] for need of self-catheterization at discharge in the NS group in relation to the conventional technique. Based on two studies, common RR for persistent urinary retention (after 90 days) was 0.16 [95%CI: 0.03-0.84]. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest significant advantages of the NS technique when considering the RR of persistent urinary retention. Controlled studies evaluating the best approach to manage the urinary tract after complex surgery for DIE are needed. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:57-61, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Bipolar transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate versus bipolar resection of the prostate for prostates larger than 60gr: A retrospective study at a single academic tertiary care center.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bipolar transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate (B-TUERP) versus bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate (B-TURP) in the treatment of prostates larger than 60g. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical data for 270 BPH patients who underwent B-TUERP and 204 patients who underwent B-TURP for BPH from May 2007 to May 2013 at our center were retrospectively analyzed. Outcome measures included operative time, decreased hemoglobin level, total prostate specific antigen (TPSA), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax), quality of life (QoL) score, post void residual urine volume (RUV), bladder irrigation duration, hospital stay, and the weight of resected prostatic tissue. Other measures included perioperative complications including transurethral resection syndrome (TURS), hyponatremia, blood transfusion, bleeding requiring surgery, postoperative acute urinary retention, urine incontinence and urinary sepsis. Patients in both groups were followed for two years. RESULTS: Compared with the B-TURP group, the B-TUERP group had shorter operative time, postoperative bladder irrigation duration and hospital stay, a greater amount of resected prostatic tissue, less postoperative hemoglobin decrease, better postoperative IPSS and Qmax, as well as lower incidences of hyponatremia, urinary sepsis, blood transfusion requirement, urine incontinence and reoperation (P<0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: B-TUERP is superior to B-TURP in the management of large volume BPH in terms of efficacy and safety, but this finding needs to be validated in further prospective, randomized, controlled studies.

Bipolar transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate versus bipolar resection of the prostate for prostates larger than 60gr: A retrospective study at a single academic tertiary care center

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bipolar transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate (B-TUERP) versus bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate (B-TURP) in the treatment of prostates larger than 60g. Material and Methods: Clinical data for 270 BPH patients who underwent B-TUERP and 204 patients who underwent B-TURP for BPH from May 2007 to May 2013 at our center were retrospectively analyzed. Outcome measures included operative time, decreased hemoglobin level, total prostate specific antigen (TPSA), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax), quality of life (QoL) score, post void residual urine volume (RUV), bladder irrigation duration, hospital stay, and the weight of resected prostatic tissue. Other measures included perioperative complications including transurethral resection syndrome (TURS), hyponatremia, blood transfusion, bleeding requiring surgery, postoperative acute urinary retention, urine incontinence and urinary sepsis. Patients in both groups were followed for two years. Results: Compared with the B-TURP group, the B-TUERP group had shorter operative time, postoperative bladder irrigation duration and hospital stay, a greater amount of resected prostatic tissue, less postoperative hemoglobin decrease, better postoperative IPSS and Qmax, as well as lower incidences of hyponatremia, urinary sepsis, blood transfusion requirement, urine incontinence and reoperation (P<0.05 for all). Conclusions: B-TUERP is superior to B-TURP in the management of large volume BPH in terms of efficacy and safety, but this finding needs to be validated in further prospective, randomized, controlled studies.

Utility of Postoperative Voiding Cystourethrogram After Lower Urinary Tract Repair.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize indications, timing, and results of voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) studies after repair of the lower urinary tract and to determine how these results impact clinical management. METHODS: Women who underwent a VCUG between January 2006 and December 2012 were identified from a radiology billing database. After excluding women with abdominopelvic malignancies, demographic, clinical, index procedure and lower urinary tract repair characteristics, and VCUG results were analyzed. The impact of abnormal VCUG results on clinical management was assessed. RESULTS: Data were analyzed from 245 VCUG studies performed a median of 10 days (interquartile range, 8-12 days) after lower urinary tract repair. When classified by procedure type, VCUGs were performed a median of 9 days (7-13 days) after cystotomy repair, 11 days (10-12 days) after vesicovaginal fistula closure and 10 days (7-11 days) after diverticulectomy. Abnormal findings were noted in 7 of 245 (2.9%) VCUGs and included contrast extravasation (5/7) and urinary retention (2/7). In all cases, the abnormal VCUG prompted a change in clinical management with extended use of an indwelling catheter or intermittent self-catheterization in 1 case of urinary retention. CONCLUSIONS: Voiding cystourethrograms are a useful clinical tool in guiding the duration of Foley catheter use after lower urinary tract repair. Depending on clinical practice, VCUGs may reduce catheter-associated morbidity by facilitating earlier catheter removal and, in the minority of cases, may identify patients with incomplete postoperative healing.

Chikungunya: another urological disease?

Not available.

Prophylactic effects of alpha-blockers, Tamsulosin and Alfuzosin, on postoperative urinary retention in male patients undergoing urologic surgery under spinal anaesthesia.

PURPOSE: Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is one of the most common complications after surgical procedures under spinal anaesthesia. Recent studies have shown the beneficial effects of alpha-adrenergic blockers in preventing POUR. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate and compare the prophylactic effects of tamsulosin and alfuzosin on POUR after urologic surgical procedures under spinal anaesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 180 males who underwent elective urologic surgery were included in this study. The patients were randomly allocated into three Groups. The Group I received placebo. Patients in Group II were given 0.4mg of tamsulosin orally 14 and 2 hours before surgery. Patients in Group III were given 10mg of alfuzosin ER orally 10 and 2 hours before surgery. All patients were closely followed for 24 hours postoperatively and their episodes of urinary retentions were recorded. RESULTS: There were 60 patients in each Group. Their mean age was 35.95±15.16 years. Fifteen patients in Group I (25%), 3 patients in Group II (5%) and 4 patients in Group III (6.7%) required catheterization because of urinary retention. In tamsulosin group and alfuzosin group, there were a significantly lower proportion of patients with POUR compared with the placebo Group (p=0.002 and p=0.006). The beneficial effects of tamsulosin and alfuzosin on POUR were similar between both Groups (p=0.697). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the use of prophylactic tamsulosin or alfuzosin can reduce the incidence of urinary retention and the need for catheterization after urologic surgical procedures under spinal anaesthesia.

Prophylactic effects of alpha-blockers, Tamsulosin and Alfuzosin, on postoperative urinary retention in male patients undergoing urologic surgery under spinal anaesthesia

ABSTRACT Purpose Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is one of the most common complications after surgical procedures under spinal anaesthesia. Recent studies have shown the beneficial effects of alpha-adrenergic blockers in preventing POUR. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate and compare the prophylactic effects of tamsulosin and alfuzosin on POUR after urologic surgical procedures under spinal anaesthesia. Materials and Methods A total of 180 males who underwent elective urologic surgery were included in this study. The patients were randomly allocated into three Groups. The Group I received placebo. Patients in Group II were given 0.4mg of tamsulosin orally 14 and 2 hours before surgery. Patients in Group III were given 10mg of alfuzosin ER orally 10 and 2 hours before surgery. All patients were closely followed for 24 hours postoperatively and their episodes of urinary retentions were recorded. Results There were 60 patients in each Group. Their mean age was 35.95±15.16 years. Fifteen patients in Group I (25%), 3 patients in Group II (5%) and 4 patients in Group III (6.7%) required catheterization because of urinary retention. In tamsulosin group and alfuzosin group, there were a significantly lower proportion of patients with POUR compared with the placebo Group (p=0.002 and p=0.006). The beneficial effects of tamsulosin and alfuzosin on POUR were similar between both Groups (p=0.697). Conclusion This study suggests that the use of prophylactic tamsulosin or alfuzosin can reduce the incidence of urinary retention and the need for catheterization after urologic surgical procedures under spinal anaesthesia.

[Acute urinary retention secondary to giant prolapsed ureterocele in a young adult woman. Case report]. / Retención aguda de orina secundaria a prolapso de ureterocele gigante en una mujer adulta joven. Informe de un caso.

BACKGROUND: Ureterocele is a cystic dilation of the distal ureteral segment. The incidence in women ranges from 1/5,000 to 1/12,000. In adults, they are poorly diagnosed and are asymptomatic. Prolapse through the urethra is uncommon, and involves acute urine retention and a reducible vulvar tumour. CLINICAL CASE: Woman of 24 years old, two previous caesarean and two abortions. She had incomplete bladder emptying, intermittent voiding, bladder straining and tenesmus, three months before admission. After the voiding effort she presented with acute urine retention with sudden onset of tumour in the vulva. The tumour was manually reduced under regional anaesthesia. A cystoscopy was performed, finding an ischaemic de-roofing of the anterior wall of the ureterocele, causing vesicoureteral reflux grade IV. Surgical correction was performed with Cohen re-implantation and insertion of a double-J catheter. The catheter was removed 30 days later, with a successful post-operative course. DISCUSSION: Its aetiology is unclear, and most are diagnosed by ultrasound in the prenatal period. The clinical presentation is variable, from urinary tract infection to prolapse. Despite its size, it may cause complications such as ischaemic de-roofing, which if diagnosed soon may be resolved successfully, as with this patient. CONCLUSION: The results and treatment may be favourable when no renal impact or concomitant anatomical changes are present, as is the case of this patient.

Acute urinary retention in a pre-school girl with constipation / Retenção urinária aguda em pré-escolar feminina com constipação intestinal

Objective: To report a case of a preschool girl who developed acute urinary retention associated with constipation. Case description: A girl aged six years old presented a 24 h history of inability to urinate. She was went twice to the emergency room during this period. In the first admission, 12 h after the onset of the symptoms, she presented abdominal pain and acute urinary retention. After the drainage by urinary catheterization of 300 mL of clear urine, she presented relief of the symptoms and, as urinalysis had no change, the patient was discharged home. Twelve hours after the first visit, she returned to the emergency room complaining about the same symptoms. At physical examination, there was only a palpable and distended bladder up to the umbilicus with no other abnormalities. Again, a urinary catheterization was performed, which drained 450 mL of clear urine, with immediate relief of the symptoms. Urinalysis and urine culture had no abnormalities. During the anamnesis, the diagnosis of constipation was considered and a plain abdominal radiography was performed, which identified large amount of feces throughout the colon (fecal retention). An enema with a 12% glycerin solution was prescribed for three days. During follow-up, the child used laxatives and dietary modifications, this contributed to the resolution of the constipation. There were no other episodes of urinary retention after 6 months of follow-up. Comments: Acute urinary retention in children is a rare phenomenon and constipation should be considered as a cause.

Objetivo: Relatar um caso de criança que desenvolveu retenção urinária aguda associada à constipação intestinal. Descrição do caso: Menina, seis anos, havia 24 horas apresentara incapacidade de liberação de esfíncter vesical. Foi atendida por duas vezes em um serviço de emergência nesse período. Na primeira consulta, 12 horas após o início do quadro, apresentava dor abdominal e retenção urinária aguda e foi feita sondagem de alívio com saída de 300mL de urina clara. Houve alívio imediato dos sintomas e, como o exame de urina tipo 1 não apresentou alterações, a paciente recebeu alta. No segundo atendimento, 12 horas após a primeira consulta, apresentava as mesmas queixas. Ao exame físico, observou-se apenas bexiga palpável e distendida até a cicatriz umbilical, sem outras alterações. Nova sondagem vesical foi feita com saída de 450mL de urina clara, com alívio imediato dos sintomas. Nenhuma anormalidade foi observada no exame de urina tipo 1 e na urocultura. Durante a anamnese, foi levantada a hipótese diagnóstica de constipação intestinal. Foi feita radiografia simples de abdome, que identificou grande quantidade de fezes em todo o cólon (retenção fecal). Enema com solução glicerinada a 12% foi prescrito por três dias. Durante o seguimento a criança fez uso de laxativos e modificações na dieta que contribuíram para a resolução da constipação intestinal. Não houve repetição do quadro de retenção urinária aguda após seis meses de acompanhamento. Comentários: A retenção urinária aguda em crianças é um fenômeno raro e a constipação intestinal deve ser considerada como uma das causas.